2022-2023学年福建省厦门第一中学高三一模英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省厦门第一中学高三一模英语试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了 5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。


厦门一中2023届高三下学期
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题：每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman waiting for?
A. A package delivery. B. A message from Tony. C. A change in weather.
2. When did the woman get the news about her promotion?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
3. What happened to the man?
A. He lost his concert ticket.
B. He was involved in a car crash.
C. He failed to buy the tickets online.
4. Where are the speakers probably?
A. In a camera factory. B. At a photo exhibition. C. In a photography studio.
5. Which is usually the man’s best subject?
A. English. B. Physics. C. Maths.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Brother and sister. B. Teacher and student. C. Father and daughter.
7. What does the woman think of her history teacher?
A. Cautious B. Serious. C. Humorous.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How much will a member pay the sports club a month?
A. £40. B. £20. C. £14.
9. What class is offered at weekends?
A. Weightlifting. B. Swimming. C. Kickboxing.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the main reason for the man to seek a job in software engineering?
A. High salary. B. Great talent. C. Personal Interest.
11. What is special about the coffee cup the man has invented?
A. It lights up. B. It cools quickly. C. It cleans itself.
12. What does the man really want to be?
A. A designer. B. An engineer. C. A professor.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where are the speakers?
A. In a kitchen. B. In a greenhouse. C. In a grocery store.
14. How many tomato plants does the woman give the man?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
15. What is probably the man’s new hobby?
A. Cooking. B. Motorcycling. C. Gardening.
16. What will the woman give Wendy for her birthday?
A. Fresh flowers. B. Homegrown plants. C. Motorbike parts.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What might the speaker be best known as?
A. A comedy actor. B. A ceremony host. C. A popular lecturer.
18. How many people in total will give speeches at the ceremony?
A. Only two. B. Around 12. C. At least 24.
19. What type of movie is probably the speaker’s favorite?
A. Horror. B. Action. C. Fantasy.
20. What will the speaker do next?
A. Perform a comedy on the stage.
B. Announce the winner of an award.
C. Introduce another movie candidate.
第二部分阅读(共两节满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所纶的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Every delicious steak you have ever enjoyed eating started with a good cut of meat. However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging—supermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag. Follow this guide for some advice.
Tenderloin(US), Fillet(UK), Eye Fillet(AUS/NZ)
A classic cut, the tenderloin comes from the strip of muscle tucked against the backbone of the animal. As this muscle does not do much work, this is the tenderest cut of beef—which also makes it the most expensive, and arguably the most desirable. We say “arguably” because, while the tenderloin is supremely lean and a favorite of those who love their steak to melt in their mouth, it can also be tasteless. Filet mignon, widely referred to as the creme de la creme (精华) of all steak cuts, is cut from the very tip of the tenderloin.
Ribeye(US/ UK), Scotch fillet(AUS/NZ)
This cut, from the rib section of the animal, comes with an abundance of rich marbling. The ribeye won’t give you that same “melt-in-your-mouth” feeling, but it is still one of the tenderest cuts available. Differently, the ribeye is cooked with the bone in, while the Scotch fillet is not.
Strip(US), Sirloin(UK), Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)
Coming from the hindquarter of the animal, the strip is not quite as tender as the tenderloin, or loaded with quite as much flavor as the ribeye, but for many steak lovers, it is just right. The best part is that because this all-rounder has a bit more chew and a bit less marbling than those cuts, it tends to be less expensive.
T-bone
Can’t decide between the tenderloin and the strip? Why not both? The T-bone is cut with strip on one side of a bone, and tenderloin on the other. With two very different textures (口感) and flavors, the T-bone gets the best of both worlds, but it can also be more difficult to cook. The meat closer to the bone is slower to cook than the rest of the steak.
1. What makes the tenderloin the most expensive part among the steak?
A. Different textures. B. Much flavor.
C. Rich marbling. D. The tenderest cut.
2. What can we learn about the steaks from the passage?
A It’s not a piece of cake to pick a perfect cut.
B. All things considered, Ribeye is the best.
C. A good cut only means the most expensive one.
D. It usually takes little time to cook T-bone.
3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the article concerning steak?
A. Price. B. Packaging. C. Cooking method. D. Flavor.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些选优质牛排的方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tenderloin(US), Fillet(UK), Eye Fillet(AUS/NZ)部分的“As this muscle does not do much work, this is the tenderest cut of beef—which also makes it the most expensive, and arguably the most desirable. (由于这块肌肉不做太多的工作，所以它是牛肉中最嫩的部分，这也使得它最贵，也可以说是最令人满意的)”可知，tenderloin在牛排里面是最贵的部分是因为它是最嫩的牛肉块。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging—supermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag.(然而，要挑出最完美的那块是很有挑战性的——超市里琳琅满目的选择，不像选择价格最高的那块那么简单)”可知，选择一个完美的牛肉块不是那么容易的。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。Strip(US), Sirloin(UK), Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)部分的“it tends to be less expensive(所以它往往更便宜)”提到了牛排的价格；Ribeye(US/ UK), Scotch fillet(AUS/NZ)部分的“Differently, the ribeye is cooked with the bone in(不同的是，肋眼是带着骨头一起煮的)”提到了烹饪方法；Strip(US), Sirloin(UK), Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)部分的“Coming from the hindquarter of the animal, the strip is not quite as tender as the tenderloin, or loaded with quite as much flavor as the ribeye, but for many steak lovers, it is just right. (来自牛的后腿，这条肉不像里脊肉那么嫩，也不像肋眼肉那么有味道，但对许多牛排爱好者来说，它刚刚好)”和T-bone部分的“With two very different textures (口感) and flavors(有两种非常不同的纹理和口感)”提到风味。因此，选项中关于牛排没有提到的是包装。故选B。
B
Jim Glaub and Dylan Parker had just been handed the keys to their new Manhattan apartment on 22nd Street when the outgoing tenant (房客) said something curious, “Just so you know, there’s this thing where letters addressed to Santa come to the apartment. The previous tenants received the mail too. It has been coming for years and no one knows why.”
Glaub and Parker settled in to their new home, and for the first two years only a few letters from kids or parents asked “Santa” for gifts they could not otherwise afford. Then in the months leading to Christmas 2010, their mailbox was filled with letters to Santa every day. They responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. Glaub, of course, is not Santa. They could do only so much.
But one night, when he and Parker threw a 1960s—themed Christmas party, a solution appeared. Guests noticed the hundreds of letters they’d yet to act upon and asked about them. Glaub told them the story and his guests were intrigued. “A lot of people were like, ‘I’ll take a letter. I’ll satisfy it.’” And so was born Miracle on 22nd Street.
To spread the word, they started a website, miracleon22ndstreel. com, and a Facebook page. Working with other nonprofits that help those in need, they invited families from around the county to go online and request gifts for their children. Likewise, donors, also known as “elves,” can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family, accompanied by a signed note with Elf before their name, such as Elf Jim or Elf Jody.
Last year, Glaub and Miracle on 22nd Street helped more than 800 families. Glaub no longer wonders why the letters come to the apartment. Putting in the long hours to help the families is what it’s all about for him. “It’s part of Christmas for me,” he says, “It wouldn’t be Christmas without it.”
4. What did the tenant think of receiving the letters in the apartment?
A. Odd. B. Comic. C. Exciting. D. Disturbing.
5. What can be implied about the couple in paragraph 2?
A. They got really bothered. B. They had tried their best.
C. They overcame the challenge. D. They were content with their new life.
6. What does the underlined word “intrigued” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Interested. B. Relieved. C. Puzzled. D. Surprised.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. How a volunteer organization is formed.
B. How Miracle on 22nd Street is operated.
C. How a couple deal with the letters to Santa.
D. How donors purchase gifts for families in need.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Jim Glaub和Dylan Parker夫妇通过与其他帮助有需要的人的非营利组织合作，来回复一些家庭写给“圣诞老人”的信，为他们送去礼物。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Jim Glaub and Dylan Parker had just been handed the keys to their new Manhattan apartment on 22nd Street when the outgoing tenant (房客) said something curious, “Just so you know, there’s this thing where letters addressed to Santa come to the apartment. The previous tenants received the mail too. It has been coming for years and no one knows why.”(Jim Glaub和Dylan Parker刚拿到他们在曼哈顿第22街的新公寓的钥匙，那个即将离开的房客说了些奇怪的话：“告诉你们一声，有个地方，给圣诞老人的信会寄到公寓里。之前的房客也收到了邮件。它已经来了很多年，没有人知道为什么。”)”可知，房客对在公寓里收到这些信感到奇怪，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“They responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. Glaub, of course, is not Santa. They could do only so much.(他们尽可能多地回复，写便条，甚至买礼物。Glaub当然不是圣诞老人。他们能做的也就这么多了。)”可知，这对夫妇已经尽力了。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“A lot of people were like, ‘I’ll take a letter. I’ll satisfy it.’(很多人说，‘我要一封信。我会满足它的。’)”可知，他的客人们都很感兴趣，划线词intrigued的意思是“感兴趣的”，和interested意思相近，故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Glaub and Parker settled in to their new home, and for the first two years only a few letters from kids or parents asked “Santa” for gifts they could not otherwise afford. Then in the months leading to Christmas 2010, their mailbox was filled with letters to Santa every day. They responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. Glaub, of course, is not Santa. They could do only so much.(Glaub和Parker在新家安顿下来，在头两年里，只有几封来自孩子或父母的来信，要求“圣诞老人”送他们买不起的礼物。在2010年圣诞节前的几个月里，他们的邮箱里每天都塞满了写给圣诞老人的信。他们尽可能多地回复，写便条，甚至买礼物。格劳布当然不是圣诞老人。他们能做的也就这么多了。)”和倒数第二段的“To spread the word, they started a website, miracleon22ndstreel. com, and a Facebook page. Working with other nonprofits that help those in need, they invited families from around the county to go online and request gifts for their children. Likewise, donors, also known as “elves,” can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family, accompanied by a signed note with Elf before their name, such as Elf Jim or Elf Jody.(为了传播这个消息，他们建立了一个网站，miracleon22ndstreel. com和一个Facebook页面。他们与其他帮助有需要的人的非营利组织合作，邀请全国各地的家庭上网为他们的孩子索要礼物。同样，捐赠者，也被称为“精灵”，可以注册为孩子或家庭购买礼物，并在他们的名字前附上精灵的签名便条，如精灵Jim或精灵Jody。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Jim Glaub和Dylan Parker夫妇通过与其他帮助有需要的人的非营利组织合作，来回复一些家庭写给“圣诞老人”的信，为他们送去礼物，即How a couple deal with the letters to Santa，故选C。
C
Researchers have successfully changed the blood type of a donated human lung by treating it with enzymes(酶) marking an important step towards making universal donor organs.
Blood types are largely defined by the presence or absence of certain sugar molecules (分子) called antigens(抗原) on the surface of cells. These can occur not just on the cells of the blood itself, but other tissues. If an antigen isn’t recognized by the body’s immune system, it will mount an attack on these cells. This leads to the rejection of transplanted organs from a donor with a different blood type.
People with the most common blood type, O, lack these antigens on their cells, so their organs can be accepted by people with other blood types. If all donor organs could be made type O, for example, the lungs from someone with blood type A, this could be beneficial.
To try this, Cypel and his team used a pair of enzymes in the human stomach to digest sugars. They found the enzymes could remove 97 percent of type A antigens in the lungs from a type A donor in 4 hours, which meant the cells had been effectively changed to blood type O.
After this treatment, the altered lungs were kept alive using a system known as ex-vivo lung perfusion (离体肺灌注), which supplies organs with nutritious fluid so they are ready for transplantation. To simulate a transplant, Cypel’s team added type O blood, which contains antibodies that would attack type A antigens, to the fluid supplying the lungs. The treated lungs had minimal antibody damage compared with untreated lungs.
Although cells rid of antigens tend to produce new ones over time, Cypel hopes the lack of antigens would last long enough for the body to get through the dangerous first few days and weeks after a transplant. The team now intends to test the procedure in animals. The study only looked at the effects of a simulated transplantation over the short term, which isn’t enough to assess whether the resurfaced antigens could eventually have a negative effect.
8. Which of the following may decide the blood type of a person?
A. Sugar. B. Enzymes. C. Antibody. D. Antigens.
9. Why should the blood type of the donor organs be changed into type O?
A. Type O is better than other blood types.
B. Type O is more accessible to researchers.
C. Organs with type O can be more acceptable.
D. Organs with type O can help digest antigens.
10. What do we know about the treated lungs from the text?
A. The blood type was temporarily changed.
B. Signs of severe rejection happened to them.
C. There was no effective way to keep them alive.
D. The enzymes were of little use in the treatment.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Practical suggestions for future study. B. Detailed explanations of the findings.
C. Potential applications of the discovery. D. Major limitations of the present study.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了通过改变血型的方式使得器官捐赠更为普遍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Blood types are largely defined by the presence or absence of certain sugar molecules called antigens(抗原) on the surface of cells.”（血型在很大程度上取决于细胞表面是否存在某种被称为抗原的糖分子。）可知，血型主要是由特定的糖分子，也就是潜伏在细胞表面的抗原的有或无来界定的。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with the most common blood type, O, lack these antigens on their cells, so their organs can be accepted by people with other blood types.”（最常见的O型血的人，他们的细胞上缺乏这些抗原，所以他们的器官可以被其他血型的人接受。）可知，O型血是最常见的一种血型，而且这种血型中不存在抗原，所以他们的器官可以被不同血型的人接受。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“They found the enzymes could remove 97 percent of type A antigens in the lungs from a type A donor in 4 hours, which meant the cells had been effectively changed to blood type O.”（他们发现，这种酶可以在4小时内从A型血捐赠者的肺中去除97%的A型抗原，这意味着这些细胞已经有效地转变为O型血。）以及最后一段中“Although cells rid of antigens tend to produce new ones over time…”（尽管随着时间的推移，失去抗原的细胞往往会产生新的抗原。）可知，血型A捐赠者肺里97%的A型抗原已经被清除，这意味着这些细胞已经被有效地暂时转化为血型O。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Although cells rid of antigens tend to produce new ones over time, Cypel hopes the lack of antigens would last long enough for the body to get through the dangerous first few days and weeks after a transplant. The team now intends to test the procedure in animals. The study only looked at the effects of a simulated transplantation over the short term, which isn’t enough to assess whether the resurfaced antigens could eventually have a negative effect.”（尽管随着时间的推移，失去抗原的细胞往往会产生新的抗原，但赛佩尔希望抗原的缺乏能持续足够长的时间，让身体度过移植后危险的最初几天或几周。该团队现在打算在动物身上测试这一过程。这项研究只研究了模拟移植在短期内的效果，这不足以评估重新浮出水面的抗原是否最终会产生负面影响。）可知，最后一段主要是在讲目前研究存在的一些限制。故选D项。
D
In August, Jason M. Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial”-which he created with Al image generator Midjourney -won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. “It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics, “ one Twitter user wrote. ”This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’, “ another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved, he said. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt (提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. “Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward, ” Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI, he didn’t realize that when judging it. Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said.
12 Why has Jason’s work led to debates?
A. It was a copy of a photograph.
B. He challenged the older artists.
C. It was created with the help of AI.
D. He broke the rule of the competition.
13. What can best describe Allen’s creating process?
A. Cooperative.
B. Energy-consuming.
C. Straightforward.
D. Imagination-lacking.
14. What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph?
A. It is a double-edged sword.
B. It attracts conventional artists.
C. It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D. It may open a new world to artists.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. A trend to be AI artists.
B. An AI-generated art contest.
C. Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D. Curiosity about an image generator.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。呈现在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”可推测，人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么，以及人工智能能否创造艺术，即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。故选C项。
13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. (首先，他反复琢磨措辞，使Midtravel产生了穿着优雅礼服和太空头盔的女性形象，试图将维多利亚风格的服装与太空主题相结合。)”以及最后一句“Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed. (然后，他通过Gigapixel AI提高了分辨率，最终打印出了图像。)”可以看出，他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成，即cooperative“合作的，协作的”。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可推测，在这位评委看来，人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会，换言之，可能打开艺术新世界的大门。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”；第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. (艾伦很高兴关于人工智能是否可以用来制造艺术的争论吸引了如此多的关注。)”以及最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可知，本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后，引起的的辩论，即不同人对此不同的回应。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People say water can improve health and memory. But now some experts say that to think drinking water equals health is taking things too far and that hydration(水合作用）is about the balance between electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and the water in your body.
Then. how much water do you need to drink? Many say you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. Not so, some experts say. ___16___ A 200-pound person who hikes 10 miles in the heat needs more water than a 120-pound office manager in a temperature-controlled building.
___17___ Someone with a heart condition or kidney stones has one level of need. A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药）may need a different amount of water.You may need to change the amount you are drinking if you lave been ill with vomiting or diarrhea.
Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.___18___One popular idea is that caffeine or alcohol will make your body lose much water. But one study showed the effect is not significant.You also get water from what you eat. Fruits, vegetables, and soups all add to the intake of water. Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough. You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.___19___
Electrolytes are essential minerals. ___20___ Some sports drinks ads say you need to add electrolytes to stay healthy. But some experts say that your body produces electrolytes. You may need more water if you exercise a lot during the heat of the day. Otherwise, most people get enough electrolytes from food.
A. Just drink then you are thirsty.
B. They are vital to many functions in the body
C. It gives you more energy and makes you look good.
D. Instead, your body and the activities you attend matter.
E. It is also necessary to set a timetable about when to drink water.
F. The amount of water you need in a day also depends on your health.
G. But when it comes to hydration, any drink can add water to your system.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. G 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为议论文，首先提出两个关于水的不同观点：饮水能改善健康状况与记忆；饮水并不等同于健康，水合作用是体内电解质与水的平衡。然后从四方面对后者展开论证。
【16题详解】
根据空前“how much water do you need to drink?”引出本段话题：你需要喝多少水。然后提出许多人对此的看法，并被专家否定了。后面对比不同人的需水量，说明了体重及其进行的活动不同，需水量不同，故选D项。
【17题详解】
从空后“heart condition”“ kidney stones”(肾结石)“ A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药)”“ vomiting or diarrhea”(呕吐或腹泻)可看出，该段主要在说需水量与个人身体健康状况有关，此空为该段的主旨句，故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据空后“You also get water from what you eat.”该句表明人们可以从吃的事物中获取水，其中“also”，说明前面已经提出了一个人体中水的来源，G项“any drink can add water to your system.”符合要求，且与第一句“Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.”连贯，“any drink”与“sugary sodas or fruit juices”对应，故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据空前“Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough.”(你的身体会告诉你体内的水是否充足。)“You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.”(你不必思考这个问题也不必增加喝水量。)你口渴的时候就是身体在给你信号，所以你在这个时候喝水就可以了，不必专门去考虑体内的水是否充足，A项符合，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“add electrolytes to stay healthy”表明电解质有利健康，说明电解质在人体内有重要作用，B项符合，“They”对应“Electrolytes”，“vital”对应“essential”，故选B项。
第三部分语言运用(共节满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空格处的最佳选项。
Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle ____21____ words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- ____22____ I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social ____23____ often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel ____24____ and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from ____25____ themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be ____26____ at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than ____27____
To ____28____ into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you ____29____some of your individuality in order to accept others’ _____30_____ and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they _____31_____ pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and _____32_____ themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the _____33_____ that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel _____34_____ in most social group settings, it may be because you _____35_____ changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
21. A. reading B. pronouncing C. seeing D. writing
22. A. even though B. as C. if D. as if
23. A. status B. discomfort C. event D. response
24. A. transparent B. urgent C. frustrated D. Disappointed
25. A. comforting B. correcting C. asserting D. convincing
26. A. creative B. effective C. attractive D. tentative
27. A. contribution B. requirement C. assignment D. socialization
28. A. dive B. dig C. get D. fit
29. A. sacrifice B. give C. examine D. present
30. A. hobbies B. approaches C. perspectives D. promises
31. A. naturally B. partly C. vaguely D. merely
32. A. explain B. support C. help D. modify
33. A. conclusion B. realization C. decision D. point
34. A. attached B. removed C. disconnected D. connected
35. A. resist B. allow C. miss D. suggest
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，拒绝改变自己去融入团队，也是一种展示自己是团队一员的方式，或许这对于不太擅于社交的人来说，是一种更好的方式。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难发音。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音；C. seeing看见；D. writing写作。根据上文“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious.”可知，作者认为每个人都该说点什么，但是他紧张了，所以他说不出话，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己被评判了，就好像在面试工作一样。A. even though尽管；B. as因为；C. if如果；D. as if似乎，好像。根据上文“I were being interviewed for a job”可知，作者用“面试的尴尬”来比喻“自己在公共场合说不出话的窘境”，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. status地位，状况；B. discomfort不适；C. event事件；D. response回应。根据下文“avoid eye contact”可知，感到不适才会避免眼神交流。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated受挫的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“judged”推知，感觉自己是透明的，很容易被人评判（即看穿），故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬和不适应他人的感觉通常会让人解除戒备，阻止这些人在社交环境中坚持自己和坚持自己，尽管他们可能会在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己。A. comforting安慰；B. correcting校正；C. asserting维护；D. convincing令人信服。根据下文的“asserting themselves in environments”可知，此处为原词复现，即解除戒备后，人出于放松的状态，不能很好的坚持自己（的观点等）。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. creative有创意的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. tentative试探性的。根据下文“ asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task ”可知，此处指在专注于任务时，那些尴尬和不适应他人的人能有效的坚持自己（但在社交情况下他们不能）。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同5小题。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。呼应上文“preventing these individuals from 　　　　　　5　　　 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments”此处指社交环境，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了融入团队，你需要对团队中其他人感兴趣的话题感兴趣，并以他们的方式谈论这些话题。A. dive潜水；B. dig挖掘；C. get得到；D. fit适应。根据下文的“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，是融入团队，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给予；C. examine检查；D. present颁发，现身。根据上文“accept others’ ____10____ and values”可知，需要接受他人的价值观和其他东西，这就是一种牺牲。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies爱好；B. approaches方法；C. perspectives看法；D. promises承诺。根据下文的“and”可知，此处和value并列指“看法”，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely稍微地；D. merely仅仅，只。根据下文“this is automatic”可知，他们的改变是自然而然的，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. modify改变。根据下文的“changing themselves”可知，是改变自己，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion总结；B. realization意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文的“this is automatic”可知，这种改变是“自动的”，就连他们自己都没有意识到，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. attached系上；B. removed移除；C. disconnected隔绝；D. connected连接。根据上文“that they are changing themselves to fit into groups”可知，有的人改变自己去融入集体，有的人感觉自己不能融入集体，好像与之隔绝。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你抵制改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. resist抵抗；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据上文“who feel disconnected in most social group settings”可知，有的人感觉自己脱离集体，原因就是自己“抵制”改变，而感觉自己也是团队的一员。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over 30 chief editors of literature publications and____36____ (head) of publishing houses across China recently attended a signing ceremony.
The ceremony was about ____37____expansion plan for the creative writing project about China’s mountain villages to enter into a new era, ____38____ (look) for original full-length novels, ____39____ showcase the great changes of rural China and Chinese agriculture. Since the project ____40____(launch) on Aug 1, over 800 pieces of writing have been submitted. Writer Yang Zhijun’s novel Snow Mountains and the Earth, recently ____41____ (publish) thanks to the project, is ____42____ the great changes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past years.
According to Wu Yiqin, vice-president of the China Writers Association, the project ____43____ (aim) to cultivate young writers and literature workers from the grassroots and publish good-quality novels that have ____44____ (vary) themes such as the country’s effort to lift millions of people out of _____45_____ (poor)and rural vitalization.
【答案】36. heads
37. an 38. looking
39. which 40. was launched
41. published
42. about 43. aims
44. various
45. poverty
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项关于中国山村进入新时代的创意写作项目的扩展计划，目的是寻找原创长篇小说，展示中国农村和中国农业的巨大变化。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：近日，全国30多家文学出版物的主编和出版社负责人出席了一个签约仪式。分析句子可知，and连接名词editors和heads作主语，由句意和over 30可知，用复数，故填heads。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该仪式是关于中国山村进入新时代的创意写作项目的扩展计划，寻找原创长篇小说，展示中国农村和中国农业的巨大变化。根据句意，此处泛指“一个扩张计划”，且expansion以元音音素开头，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，“(look) for original full-length novels”作状语，look与逻辑主语plan是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填looking。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该仪式是关于中国山村进入新时代创意写作项目的扩展计划，寻找原创长篇小说，展示中国农村和中国农业的巨大变化。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，用关系代词which，故填which。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自8月1日该项目启动以来，已有800多篇文章提交。分析句子可知，launch是since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词，由时间状语on Aug. 1可知，用一般过去时，且主语the project是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was launched。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏了这个项目，作家杨志军的小说《雪山与地球》最近出版，讲述了青藏高原在过去几年里的巨大变化。分析句子可知，publish作定语，修饰novel Snow Mountains and the Earth ，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填published。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：多亏了这个项目，作家杨志军的小说《雪山与地球》最近出版，讲述了青藏高原在过去几年里的巨大变化。根据句意，about“关于”符合语境，故填about。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据中国作家协会副主席吴宜勤介绍，该项目旨在培养来自基层的年轻作家和文学工作者，出版各种主题的高质量小说，如国家努力使数百万人摆脱贫困和乡村振兴。分析句子可知，aim是谓语动词，根据句意和上下文语境可知，用一般现在时，且主语the project是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填aims。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：据中国作家协会副主席吴宜勤介绍，该项目旨在培养来自基层的年轻作家和文学工作者，出版各种主题的高质量小说，如国家努力使数百万人摆脱贫困和乡村振兴。修饰名词themes用形容词作定语，故填various。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。介词后用名词作宾语，out of poverty“摆脱贫困”，故填poverty。
第四部分写作(共两节满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)：
46. 你校英文报正在进行主题为“My Most Memorable Day”的英语征文活动。请你写一篇短文作为投稿，内容包括：
1.当天的经历；
2.对你的影响。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Most Memorable Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
My Most Memorable Day
Among so many special days in my life, I would like to share one of my birthdays.
That day I failed the English exam at school and arrived home sorrowfully. When I found my mom had prepared a grand dinner for my birthday celebration, a feeling of guilt came to my mind with my eyes in tears. Not knowing what happened, mom just came over and hugged me. After I poured out my frustration, mom gently comforted me，saying that it was my dedicated attempt, instead of the exam result, that valued most.
I was encouraged by mom’s words and learned that all I needed was just devotion to my work. How meaningful a lesson and what a memorable day!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英文报刊投稿，内容是关于最难忘的一天的经历以及影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
内疚：guilt→shame
极好的：grand→yummy
沮丧：frustration→depression
鼓励：encourage→inspire
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：Not knowing what happened, mom just came over and hugged me.
拓展句：Mom just came over and hugged me without knowing what happened.
【点睛】[高分句型1]After I poured out my frustration, mom gently comforted me, saying that it was my dedicated attempt, instead of the exam result, that valued most. (运用了非谓语动词saying做伴随状语以及强调句型)
[高分句型2]I was encouraged by Mom’s words and learned that all I needed was just devotion to my work. (运用了被动语态和定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At the age of 17, I formed a band with three classmates. After we won the first prize at our school’s talent show, we decided to see if we could get some local performances. When we found out we’d gotten booked for a charitable event at a large hospital, we were excited. For two weeks, we practiced hard, getting together every day after school to sharpen our skills and learn enough songs to fill a one-hour show.
On the day of the concert, we showed up early to check out the stage. We set up and did a quick sound check, then went backstage lo have a soda and rest. While we were back there, the hospital’s entertainment director came over to talk to us.
“Okay, boys, I just want to fill you in on a couple of important details,” she told us. “A lot of the people in the audience are suffering from severe physical or mental disabilities. Also, many of them are very old. Don’t let that alarm you. They have very few chances to see live entertainment of any kind, so they enjoy any kind of musical talent. Just play your regular show, and you’ll do fine.” With that, she left, going to help the volunteers and staff that were assisting the patients to their seats.
Soon enough, it was showtime. Everything was perfect, and we played probably the best show of our lives. We hardly missed a note on any of our songs. Unfortunately, we couldn’t enjoy our performance. As each song finished, there was a short pause. This was the time when the audience would normally applaud. Now, we were getting nothing. Zero. The deafening silence only made us more determined to win the audience over. We tried harder. Loud songs, soft songs, it made no difference. After forty-five minutes, we decided to end our set early. Why bother finishing when no one was appreciating us anyway? We unplugged (拔去)our instruments and went backstage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A moment later, the entertainment director ran back to us.
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Returning to the stage, we played our final three songs.
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【答案】参考答案
A moment later, the entertainment director ran back to us. She asked us why we didn’t finish the show as promised. We told her how embarrassed we felt when we played in front of complete silence. We also expressed our concern that they must dislike us. “What are you talking about?” asked the director, “I’ve been talking to them. They love you so much.” It turned out that they just didn’t know they were supposed to clap. Or they simply couldn’t do so due to severe physical or mental disabilities. All of us stared at her in disbelief, and we decided to keep our word and finish the show.
Returning to the stage, we played our final three songs. Finally, with the show over, we began packing up our instruments. We had still received no applause. However, as we were to leave, at least fifty people crowded onto the stage. All of them wanted to thank us; some shook our hands, and some surrounded us with a wide grin. Several told us that we were the best band that had played for them in years. We couldn’t believe it. We never felt as good as we did that one special night.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了17岁时，作者和三个同学组成了一个乐队，在他们学校的才艺表演中获得一等奖后，他们被一家大型医院预订了慈善活动，他们做了充足的准备，但是观众中的很多人都患有严重的身体或精神残疾，在演出的过程中，他们没有收到预期的观众反馈，沉默的演出环境，让他们感到很挫败，他们决定提前结束演出，既然没有人欣赏他们，为什么还要费心完成呢？他们拔掉乐器的电源，来到后台。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“过了一会儿，娱乐总监跑回我们身边。”可知，第一段可描写娱乐总监过来询问为什么提前结束演出，作者做出解释，他们进行了沟通，打算按照计划完成演出。
②由第二段首句内容“回到舞台，我们演奏了最后三首歌。”可知，第二段可描写作者和成员按照计划完成了演出，观众们上台表达感谢。
2.续写线索：询问原因——做出解释——进行沟通——计划完成演出——完成演出——观众达感谢——感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：finish/complete
②表达：express/convey
③决定：decide/resolve/determine
情绪类
①尴尬的：embarrassed/awkward
②感谢：thank/gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型1] She asked us why we didn’t finish the show as promised. (运用了why引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] We told her how embarrassed we felt when we played in front of complete silence. (运用了how引导的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型3]Finally, with the show over, we began packing up our instruments. (运用了动名词作宾语)
听力答案：1-5 AACCA 6-10 CCBBA 11-15 CABCC 16-20 BACBB