2022-2023学年上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷Word版含解析

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 2022学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研
英语试卷
(时间120分钟，满分140分)
考生注意：
1.本试卷共13页。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a library. B. In a restaurant.
C. In a stationery shop. D. At a supermarket.
2. A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary.
C. Mother and son. D. Husband and wife.
3. A. 4:20. B. 4:30. C. 5:10. D. 5:20.
4. A. He’s going to play football with Jim.
B. He will take Jim to see a football match.
C. He’s going to watch the World Cup on TV.
D. He will catch the opportunity to win the World Cup.
5. A. Ambitious. B. Devoted. C. Friendly. D. Promising.
6. A. The woman should change her glasses.
B. He will check the woman’s phone-using time.
C. There is something wrong with the woman’s cellphone.
D. The woman needs to stop playing with her mobile phone.
7. A. He thinks the woman has done a good job.
B. He thinks the interview was a great success.
C. He believes the woman will fail the interview.
D. He thinks nobody can make it to the interview.
8. A. He should finish other work first.
B. He should not have chosen a thick book.
C. He should start reading the book at once.
D. He should quit because of the difficulties.
9. A. Fascinating artworks in the Louvre. B. The magnificent Eiffel Tower.
C. Their days in Paris. D. A plan for the trip to France.
10. A. The woman knew Ross was a dog lover.
B. The man has let Ross drive his car before.
C. The man shouldn’t have lent his car to Ross.
D. Ross lost several dogs last time he drove a car.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11 A. Those who wish to be a leader.
B. Those who are warm and inviting.
C. Those who have trouble socializing.
D. Those who judge people by first impressions.
12. A. Because it means time is important.
B. Because it reflects that you value them.
C. Because it allows you to get ready early.
D. Because it applies to various business situations.
13. A. By communicating with people in public.
B. By talking with anyone around you in life.
C. By trying to stop talking every time you use them.
D. By practicing with these words at home one at a time.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It helps to organize everything.
B. It keeps people waiting before they try to study.
C. It enables people to review things they have studied.
D. It gives the brain enough practice before things are forgotten.
15. A. Because it relates images to each other.
B. Because it strengthens relations between ideas.
C. Because it withdraws learned stuff from memory.
D. Because it helps build links between different ideas.
16. A. Improving memory is not a mission impossible.
B. People can memorize things even under huge stress.
C. Stopping smoking and alcohol has nothing to do with memory.
D. It is advisable that people do more exercise to improve memory.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Having a messy study folder.
B. Being under huge stress in study.
C. Having no one to turn to for help.
D. Not knowing what kind of learner he is.
18. A. Using logic, reasoning and systems.
B. Keeping things where they should be.
C. Knowing where to start before anything.
D. Using different tools to take the stress out of studying.
19. A. They prefer to learn in a more systematic way.
B. They fill their study folders with various notes.
C. They organize information with the help of maps.
D. They tend to lay out information in the first place.
20. A. He will turn to others for more tips on study.
B. He will look for more ways to change his study guide.
C. He will grasp information by drawing maps in his notes.
D. He will try using pictures and color for his note arrangements.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A New Orchid was Found in Japan
Nature is full of secrets. There are still many things to find out about it. One of those things was discovered last week in Japan. It is rare to find a new plant in Japan. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ___1___ other flowers in Tokyo. Scientists also found the flower elsewhere in other districts, an indication that the new species ___2___ deserve further investigation.
The newly-found orchid is beautiful. It is pink and white, it has a central stem, around ___3___ grow tiny, bell-shaped flowers, and its delicate petals (花瓣) look like they are made from glass. The flower is a neighbor to a(n) ___4___ (relate) orchid species common in Japan.
Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on balconies. That’s ___5___ researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid. Professor Kenji Suetsugu from Kobe University said the discovery of new species in usual places means it is necessary to keep exploring, even in everyday places that ___6___ (not look) so remarkable.
There are about 28,000 orchid species worldwide. The new orchid belongs to a class called Spiranthes. There are about 50 different kinds of Spiranthes. They are ___7___ (familiar) kind of orchid in Japan, for they appeared in a Japanese poem dating to 759 AD. Professor Suetsugu said he and his colleagues were “delighted ___8___ (identify) a new species”. He said it was exciting because it wasn’t found hidden deep in a rainforest or jungle. The discovery of the new orchid is good news. However, many orchids are on the endangered species list due to habitat loss. We need to protect natural environments to stop flowers ___9___ (disappear). The world will be far less colourful ___10___ we lose more orchids.
【答案】1. among
2. may##might
3. which 4. related
5. where 6. don’t look
7. the most familiar
8. to have identified
9. disappearing
10. if
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一种新的兰花在日本被发现。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花。由“other flowers in Tokyo”可知，句子表示“一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花”，空格处意为“在……中”，用介词among，故填among。
【2题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：科学家们在其他地区也发现了这种花，这表明这种新物种可能值得进一步研究。空格后动词是原形，因此空格处是情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“科学家们在其他地区也发现了这种花，这表明这种新物种可能值得进一步研究”，空格处意为“可能”，用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它是粉红色和白色的，它有一个中央茎，周围生长着细小的钟形花朵，它精致的花瓣看起来像玻璃做的。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词stem是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种花是日本常见的一种相关兰花的邻居。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词orchid species，relate的形容词是related，意为“相关的”，故填related。
【5题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花”，空格处意为“在……的地方”，故填where。
【6题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：神户大学的Kenji Suetsugu教授说，在普通地方发现新物种意味着有必要继续探索，即使是在看起来不那么引人注目的日常地方。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，that指代的先行词places是复数，因此空格处是don’t look。故填don’t look。
【7题详解】
考查最高级。句意：它们是日本最常见的兰花，因为它们出现在公元759年的一首日本诗中。由“in Japan”和语境可知，句子表示“它们是日本最常见的兰花”，空格处用最高级the most familiar。故填the most familiar。
【8题详解】
考查不定式。句意：Suetsugu教授说，他和他的同事“很高兴发现了一个新物种”。be delighted to do是固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，此处表示“很高兴发现了一个新物种”，因此空格处用不定式的完成式，即to have done，故填to have identified。
【9题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我们需要保护自然环境，防止花朵消失。stop sb. (from) doing是固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，因此空格处用动名词，故填disappearing。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果我们失去更多的兰花，世界将远没有那么丰富多彩。根据语境可知，句子表示“如果我们失去更多的兰花，世界将远没有那么丰富多彩”，空格处意为“如果”，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. heading B. incredibly C. adaptable D. alternative E. pursuit F. dumped
G. recycled H. global I. calculated J. precisely K. generated
Planet Plastic
Here’s a shocking statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And ___11___, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.
So what’s the problem? Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is ___12___, 12% is burned and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解), once it’s in the ground, it stays there.
It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly ___13___ towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.
The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are ___14___ into the sea every year. This has ___15___ concern that plastic is entering the food chain through fish and other sea life which consume the smaller pieces.
Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and ___16___, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s___17___ this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.
So what’s the ___18___ other than using less plastic? Oceanographer (海洋学家) Dr. Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a flood of plastic waste, and that the ___19___ waste industry needs to “get its act together”.
Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that is at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.
Dr. Geyer agrees: “The ____20____ of recycling is to keep material in use and in the cycle forever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled — which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes — only got recycled once.”
【答案】11. B 12. G
13. A 14. F
15. K 16. C
17. J 18. D
19. H 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在过去的几十年里，我们赖以生存的地球已经成为了一个塑料星球，作者也呼吁大家要保护地球，少用塑料和尽量多回收利用塑料产品。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去65年里制造出来的。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；结合上下文，83亿吨的塑料垃圾竟然是在65年内制造出来的，这个结果是令人难以置信的，故需要填incredibly。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词/动词。句意：根据加州大学的一项重要的新研究，其中9%被回收，12%被焚烧，79%被填埋。空前有be动词is，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填recycled表示“回收利用的”为形容词，也可以理解为过去分词形式，和is构成一般现在时的被动，表“被回收”，符合题干和句意。故选G项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：这一情况使得该论文的主要作者、生态学家罗兰·盖耶博士说，我们正在“迅速走向‘塑料星球’”。此次表示“走向”，为动词短语head towards，空前有be动词are，结合句意需要表示“正在”，故动词应用doing的形式表进行，故需要用heading。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：撰写这份报告的团队还估计，每年有800万吨塑料垃圾被倒入大海。空前有be动词are，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填过去分词形式dumped与are构成一般现在时的被动，表示“被倒入”，符合句意。故选F项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：这引起了人们的担忧，即塑料正在通过鱼类和其他海洋生物进入食物链，这些生物会消耗塑料碎片。空前有助动词has，结合句意可知，此处需要填过去分词的形式构成现在完成时，表达“已经”的含义。generated意为“引发；引起”，符合句意。故选K项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它耐用，适应性强，从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船都可以使用。根据上下文可知，塑料的适应性非常强，小到酸奶罐，大到宇宙飞船都能用，表示“适应性强的”可用形容词adaptable。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：但正是这一特性使它成为一个问题。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；上文提到塑料的优点，下文提到塑料的优点带来的缺点，故空处应填precisely表示强调“正是”。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：那么，除了少用塑料，还有什么别的选择呢？空前有定冠词the，故空处需要填名词。后文给出了除了少用塑料之外的办法，故空处应填alternative表示“另外的选择”，由前面的is可知，应用单数。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：乌得勒支大学的海洋学家Erik van Sebille博士表示，我们正面临着大量的塑料垃圾，全球垃圾处理行业需要“共同行动起来”。分析句子成分，空处需要填形容词作定语修饰waste“垃圾”，global意为“全球的”，符合题干，强调塑料问题是一个全球的垃圾，也是全球的问题。故选H项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：盖耶博士对此表示赞同：“对回收利用的追求是尽可能让材料永远处于使用和循环之中。由空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知，空出需要填一个名词。固定短语the pursuit of表示“追求……”，符合句意。故选E项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Take Heart, and Take Risks
Recently, we carried out an interesting social experiment. The participants were asked to choose between two ___21___: throw a coin to win one billion dollars if the coin happens to land on heads, or get a 10-million-dollar cheque without even throwing the coin.
Our purpose was not to measure the participants’ craze for money but to ___22___ their risk appetite. It ___23___ that a clear majority chose to take home the 10 million dollars. Only 31% of the subjects were ___24___ enough to test the depths of the river. Another study, conducted by psychology professor Keith Simonton at the University of California Davis, shows that most famous scientific ___25___ are risk-takers. Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin and Isaac Newton all dared to chase ideas that were ___26___ the mainstream ideas of their times.
The willingness to take risks without fear of failure is what ___27___ individuals towards achieving their ambitions. It forms a very important part of the stories of many successful businessmen globally.
The journey of Mark Zuckerberg is a classic example of this. In his second year in college, Zuckerberg decided to quit Harvard University to manage his social application company. In the years that followed, quite a few tech giants expressed early interest in purchasing the company. Their offers were ___28___. At the time, the young CEO and his team were widely criticized and publicly laughed at.
Today, Zuckerberg is one of the richest men on earth. His company still owns the most widely used social networking site in the world, ___29___ together over 2.8 billion users globally.
The lesson from Zuckerberg’s story is his risk-taking ____30____. He’s exactly the kind of person who’s willing to ____31____ interests for more rewarding future gains.
Generally, ____32____ achievements are often realized once a person decides to get out of their comfort zone. People’s ability to ____33____ from their comfort zone is closely tied to their risk-taking strength. It is like the case of a person who wishes to get a piece of fruit from the tree but is not willing to risk climbing up the branches of the tree in order to do so. “If you are not willing to risk the unusual, you will have to ____34____ the ordinary,” said the American author Jim Rohn.
The willingness to take risks is the oxygen that drives success in every field. If a risk-taker succeeds, he can lead others. If he fails, he may ____35____ others to success.
21. A. games B. faces C. options D. perspectives
22. A. access B. evaluate C. lose D. satisfy
23. A. ran out B. set out C. gave out D. turned out
24. A. courageous B. risky C. confident D. mature
25. A. contestants B. cooperators C. figures D. partners
26. A. subject to B. contrary to C. agreeable to D. relevant to
27. A. provides B. puzzles C. leans D. drives
28. A. scaled B. declined C. considered D. weighed
29. A. visualizing B. pursuing C. connecting D. announcing
30. A. tendency B. investment C. currency D. proposal
31. A. deposit B. capture C. separate D. sacrifice
32. A. eye-catching B. groundbreaking C. risk-taking D. trustworthy
33. A. depart B. benefit C. emerge D. suffer
34. A. send for B. apply for C. account for D. settle for
35. A. warn B. force C. guide D. retire
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要分析了一个人冒险的意愿与成功的关系。如果一个敢于冒险的人成功了，他可以领导其他人。如果他失败了，他可能会引导他人走向成功。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者被要求在两种选择中做出选择：如果硬币正好落在头上，扔一枚硬币赢得10亿美元，或者甚至不扔硬币就获得1000万美元的支票。A. games游戏；B. faces脸；C. options选择；D. perspectives观点。根据下文“throw a coin to win one billion dollars if the coin happens to land on heads, or get a 10-million-dollar cheque without even throwing the coin. (如果硬币正好落在头上，扔一枚硬币赢得10亿美元，或者甚至不扔硬币就获得1000万美元的支票。)”可知，参与者被要求在两种选择中做出选择故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的目的不是衡量参与者对金钱的狂热，而是评估他们的风险偏好。A. access访问；到达；B. evaluate评估；C. lose失去；D. satisfy满足。根据下文“It ___3___ that a clear majority chose to take home the 10 million dollars. Only 31% of the subjects were ___4___ enough to test the depths of the river.”可知，这个实验是为了评估参与者的风险偏好。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实证明，绝大多数人选择将这1000万美元带回家。A. ran out用完；B. set out出发；C. gave out发出，释放；D. turned out结果是。根据语境可知，这是这一实验的结果。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有31%的受试者有足够的勇气测试河流的深度。A. courageous有勇气的；B. risky有风险的；C. confident自信的；D. mature成熟的。根据下文“test the depths of the river”可知，这些受试者是有勇气的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：加州大学戴维斯分校心理学教授基思·西蒙顿进行的另一项研究表明，大多数著名的科学人物都是冒险者。A. contestants选手；B. cooperators合作者；C. figures数字；人物；D. partners伙伴。根据下文“Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin and Isaac Newton”可知，这些都是著名的科学人物。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、查尔斯·达尔文和艾萨克·牛顿都敢于追逐与当时主流思想相悖的思想。A. subject to从属于；B. contrary to与……相反；C. agreeable to同意；D. relevant to与……相关。根据下文““If you are not willing to risk the unusual, you will have to ___14___ the ordinary,” said the American author Jim Rohn.”可知，这些人都敢于追逐与当时主流思想相悖的思想。下文unusual是提示。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：敢于冒险而不害怕失败是促使个人实现抱负的动力。A. provides提供；B. puzzles使困惑；C. leans倚靠；D. drives驱使；促使。根据“The willingness to take risks without fear of failure”可知，敢于冒险而不害怕失败是促使个人实现抱负的动力。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的报价被拒绝了。A. scaled攀登；爬越；B. declined拒绝；C. considered考虑；D. weighed权衡。根据下文“At the time, the young CEO and his team were widely criticized and publicly laughed at.”可知，他拒绝了他们的报价。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的公司仍然拥有世界上使用最广泛的社交网站，在全球范围内连接了超过28亿用户。A. visualizing可视化；B. pursuing追求；C. connecting连接；D. announcing宣布。根据上文“social networking site”可知，他的公司在全球范围内连接了超过28亿用户。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：扎克伯格的故事给我们的教训是他的冒险倾向。A. tendency趋势；B. investment投资；C. currency货币；流通；D. proposal提议。根据下文“He’s exactly the kind of person who’s willing to ___11___ interests for more rewarding future gains.”以及上文他拒绝别人的报价可知，他的冒险倾向促使他成功。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是那种愿意牺牲利益来换取未来更多回报的人。A. deposit存储；B. capture捕获；C. separate把……分开；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据上文“Their offers were ___8___”可知，他愿意牺牲利益来换取未来更多回报。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，一旦一个人决定走出自己的舒适区，就会取得突破性的成就。A. eye-catching吸引人的；B. groundbreaking突破性的；C. risk-taking冒险的；D. trustworthy值得信任的。根据上文扎克伯格的例子可知，一旦一个人决定走出自己的舒适区，就会取得突破性的成就。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们脱离舒适区的能力与他们的冒险能力密切相关。A. depart离开；B. benefit对……有益；C. emerge浮现；D. suffer遭受。根据上文这些著名人物的例子可知，人们脱离舒适区的能力与他们的冒险能力密切相关。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国作家吉姆·罗恩说：“如果你不愿意冒不寻常的风险，你就只能接受普通的。”A. send for派人去请；B. apply for申请；C. account for导致；占……比例；D. settle for勉强接受。根据上文“If you are not willing to risk the unusual”可知，此处指如果你不愿意冒不寻常的风险，你就只能接受普通。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他失败了，他可能会引导他人走向成功。A. warn警告；B. force强迫；C. guide带领；D. retire退休。根据上文“If a risk-taker succeeds, he can lead others.”可知，如果他失败了，他可能会引导他人走向成功。lead与guide是同义词复现。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Life is like a roller coaster; every point has ups and downs. The truly victorious people stay committed to their broad goals even in unplanned circumstances. One true example of such people comes from a woman passionate about spreading happiness and helping others. Nicole Thornes is a mother, a former police officer, and now serving society as a death doula.
Believing small efforts could comfort individuals and unite society, Nicole thought a police officer had the opportunity to prevent crime, bring justice and create a better society for everyone. She was determined to become a police officer to protect life and bring prosperity. All her passion and motivation drove her to pursue a Criminal Justice degree to become a police officer.
Although she became a mother during her studies, she didn’t give up on her passion. Nicole could have called off her studies, but her passion for serving society didn’t let her step down. She took a break from her studies when her kids needed more attention but later came back to continue her study and completed her degree. Nicole finally became a police officer and everything went according to her plans.
But uncertainty put her in a challenging situation. Nicole suffered from an injury. The sudden medical retirement called off her journey as a police officer, but her dreams and passion did not let her stop. So, she became a death doula, allowing her to be there for people whenever needed and provide comfort to the dying and their families during difficult times. She chose this field after her grandfather’s death. She couldn’t bear the pain of losing him; therefore, she decided to become a death doula and contribute her services to help those suffering from the pain of losing their loved ones.
Nicole Thornes has written her book, Daddy’s Home, covering true events of losing someone and inspiring readers to cope with the feelings of emptiness and recover from mental illness after losing someone close. Daddy’s Home inspires readers and tells them the importance of a new beginning, helping people lighten the burden from their chest after the grief of losing someone.
36. What can be learned about Nicole Thornes?
A. Nicole Thornes dreamed of becoming a police officer since she was born.
B. Nicole Thornes pursued a Criminal Justice degree, but she gave up halfway.
C. Nicole Thornes took up a writing career immediately after getting physically hurt.
D. Nicole Thornes wrote a book, impressing on readers the significance of a new start.
37. What’s the direct cause of Nicole Thornes’ decision to become a death doula?
A. The unbearable pain brought by her grandfather’s death.
B. Her break from academic studies to take care of her kids.
C. Her sudden medical retirement due to her incurable injury.
D. Her determination to finish writing her book, Daddy’s Home.
38. According to the story of Nicole Thornes, a death doula can be described as ______.
A. a death fighter B. a special trainer
C. a support giver D. a creative police officer
39. What might be the best title for this article?
A. Nicole Thornes and her dream
B. The ups and downs of Nicole Thornes
C. Nicole Thornes: The writer of Daddy’s Home
D. Nicole Thornes: The journey from a police officer to a death doula
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了妮可·索恩斯是一位来热衷于传播幸福和帮助他人的女性，她从事过警察行业现在是一名死亡陪护，并且她还出书安慰失去亲人的人们的故事。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Daddy’s Home inspires readers and tells them the importance of a new beginning, helping people lighten the burden from their chest after the grief of losing someone.”（《爸爸的家》启发了读者，告诉了他们一个新开始的重要性，帮助人们减轻失去亲人的悲痛后胸中的负担。）可知，妮可写了一本书，给读者留下了新开始重要性的印象。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“ She chose this field after her grandfather’s death. She couldn’t bear the pain of losing him; therefore, she decided to become a death doula and contribute her services to help those suffering from the pain of losing their loved ones.”（她在祖父去世后选择了这个领域。她无法忍受失去他的痛苦；因此，她决定成为一名死亡陪护，并贡献自己的服务来帮助那些因失去亲人而遭受痛苦的人。）妮可决定成为一名死亡陪护的主要原因是她祖父的死给她带来了难以忍受的痛苦。故选A项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“So, she became a death doula, allowing her to be there for people whenever needed and provide comfort to the dying and their families during difficult times.”（因此，她成为了一个死亡陪护，让她能够在需要的时候陪伴在人们身边，并在困难时期为垂死的人及其家人提供安慰。）可知，妮可认为死亡陪护是可以给有需要的人提供支持和安慰，换句话说就是一名支持的给予者。故选C项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Life is like a roller coaster; every point has ups and downs.”（生活就像过山车；每一点都有起伏。）及“Nicole Thornes is a mother, a former police officer, and now serving society as a death doula.”（妮可·索恩斯是一位母亲，曾是一名警察，现在作为一名死亡陪护为社会服务。）可知，本文介绍的是妮可·索恩斯从警察职员到死亡陪护的人生之旅。故选D项。
(B)
Do you want to open a shop in London? First: you must be aware that, as of today, running a local independent shop is anything but simple. Second: you must know which is the most responsive area of the city for what concerns your specific business. Or as an alternative, you must gain full knowledge of which areas have proved to be super high-paying basically for any kind of business.
As for London, everybody knows that it is one of the world capitals of trading and commerce. The enormous number of residents, combined with the continuous inflow of tourists, makes it a highly wanted city for every kind of commercial activity.
Clearly, everyone — whether he/she is a British citizen or a foreigner investor — who wants to start a business in London must detect first the most profitable areas. And the four most appealing ones are listed below.
Covent Garden
Opening a commercial space in Covent Garden, or in the West End in general, is always a winning idea. This area represents the perfect balance between luxury and sustainability. A band of musicians that never cease to attract both clients and new investors.
Carnaby
For over sixty years, Carnaby Street and the other surrounding secondary roads have represented an authentic oasis or paradise for those who want to go shopping in London. First, the Swinging London vibe, then the punk rock revolution: everything — especially in terms of fashion — has been created or passed through there. And even in the Third Millennium, it remains a landmark for everything related to fashion and new trends.
Mayfair
Are you planning to open a luxury shop? Then Mayfair is undoubtedly your spot. Renting a place here is highly expensive, but it’s a risk worth taking. If you play your cards wisely, profits will not be long in coming. The only question is: have you got enough funds to start a business in such an expensive area?
Bond Street
Another luxury area with a gathering of many established high-end brands, maybe the most complicated one. It is recommended only to those investors who aim to start a real first-rate business. Many small entrepreneurs or businessmen work a lifetime in order to gain the privilege or the great advantage of upgrading their business in this area.
40. This article is intended for ______.
A. British citizens who want to buy luxury goods
B. visitors looking for recreational activities in Britain
C. investors interested in starting a business in London
D. foreigners participating in commercial activities in London
41. According to the article, if you are planning to do business in London, which factor is worth considering the most?
A. London appeals to high-paying investors from all over the world.
B. London is the most promising center for trading, commerce and fashion.
C. London is where many landmark buildings and every kind of business lies.
D. London boasts ongoing floods of tourists and enormous potential consumers.
42. If you get enough funds and fancy opening a luxury shop, which is the last area to choose?
A Bond Street. B. Carnaby.
C. Mayfair. D. Convent Garden.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦四个最适合投资者投资的地方。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Clearly, everyone — whether he/she is a British citizen or a foreigner investor — who wants to start a business in London must detect first the most profitable areas. And the four most appealing ones are listed below. (显然，每个想在伦敦创业的人，无论是英国公民还是外国投资者，都必须首先发现最有利可图的领域。下面列出了四个最吸引人的)”可推知，本文是的受众群体是有兴趣在伦敦创业的投资者。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二自然段“The enormous number of residents, combined with the continuous inflow of tourists, makes it a highly wanted city for every kind of commercial activity. (庞大的居民数量，加上不断涌入的游客，使其成为各种商业活动的热门城市)”可推知，如果投资者计划在伦敦做生意，最值得考虑的因素是伦敦有不断涌入的游客和巨大的潜在消费者。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Covent Garden部分“This area represents the perfect balance between luxury and sustainability. (这个区域代表了奢华与可持续发展之间的完美平衡)”、 Mayfair部分“Are you planning to open a luxury shop? Then Mayfair is undoubtedly your spot. (你打算开一家奢侈品店吗？那么梅菲尔无疑是你的位置)”以及Bond Street部分“Another luxury area with a gathering of many established high-end brands, maybe the most complicated one. (另一个豪华区，聚集了许多知名高端品牌，可能是最复杂的一个)”可知，Covent Garden、Mayfair和Bond Street适合开奢侈品店。故用排除法，如果你有足够的资金，想要开一家奢侈品店，最不应该选择Carnaby。故选B。
(C)
Over the next few years, we can expect logins to get much less annoying, as all of the major tech players are now on board with a new technology designed to eventually replace the humble password called the “passkey”.
And that could mean that we do away with passwords altogether. The way passkeys work is by turning your phone into something a bit like a wallet, which you can use to store membership cards to all of your apps and services. When you need to log in to a website, you’ll just have to tap a button on your phone and your passkey wallet will flash the right credentials (证件), letting you in without any trouble. And even if you’re logging in to a device that doesn’t have access to your wallet, when you type in your email address, the website will send a message to your phone to check your credentials.
Once passkeys are commonly accepted and widely used, they won’t just save us from having to remember passwords but, perhaps counterintuitively, logging in with a passkey will actually be significantly more secure than typing a password.
This is because it takes advantage of a technology called “public key” cryptography (密码术), which is one of the building blocks of the internet and is how computers have securely communicated with other computers for decades.
With a password, the website has to ultimately contain a database of everyone’s passwords to check against when you login. But with a passkey, when you create your account on a website, it will effectively create a brand new padlock and key. The website will keep the padlock — and only your phone will have the key.
Passkeys are going to make our digital lives even more secure, because they help guard against two common forms of digital attack.
First, it guards against data leak or leakages — situations where hackers or people who try to break into computer systems gain access to a database of passwords.
This is because, unlike most people who repeat their passwords, each passkey is unique. This means that even if the pizza delivery place is hacked, it won’t give away the same password that you use for your emails.
And secondly, passkeys make things much harder for “phishing” scams — when a website tries to trick you into thinking that it is really your bank’s website or similar, it can steal your login details.
These scams will no longer work as well, because passkeys have another mathematical trick up their sleeve: they’re always changing.
When you log in and your digital wallet has to send over an unlock code, the code it sends will only be valid or useful for a few seconds at a time — so even if a hacker does get hold of your key very briefly, 30 seconds later it will turn useless anyway.
So, next time you feel frustrated that you can’t remember your password, don’t worry too much. It won’t always be like this!
43. What can you do to log in to a device that is inaccessible to your passkey wallet?
A. Tapping a button on your phone.
B. Using a face scan to unlock your passkey wallet.
C. Searching a database of passwords to find the passkey.
D. Checking message concerning the credentials in the email.
44. The underlined word “counterintuitively” in the third paragraph means ______.
A. in line with what the institution has taught
B. contrary to what common sense would suggest
C in accordance to what the instinct tells people
D. opposite to what is considered normal behavior
45. According to the article, why are passkeys safer?
A. Because each passkey is the only one of its kind that guards against data leakages.
B. Because passkey wallet will flash the right credentials without bothering to check memberships cards.
C. Because passkeys can completely get rid of the possibility of login details’ being stolen by hackers.
D. Because “public key” cryptography contains an enormous database of passwords of every website user.
46. The article is mainly about ______.
A. the inadaptability of passwords nowadays
B. the distinct features of passkeys nowadays
C. the difference between passkeys and passwords
D. the passkeys’ potential to replace passwords in the future
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项取代传统登录密码的新技术——密钥，它将让我们的登录更方便，更安全。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“And even if you’re logging in to a device that doesn’t have access to your wallet, when you type in your email address, the website will send a message to your phone to check your credentials. (即使您登录的设备无法访问您的钱包，当您输入电子邮件地址时，该网站也会向您的手机发送一条消息以检查您的凭据。)”可知，检查电子邮件中有关凭据的消息可以让用户登录到密钥钱包无法访问的设备。故选D。
【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段划线词前后内容“Once passkeys are commonly accepted and widely used, they won’t just save us from having to remember passwords but… (一旦密钥被普遍接受并广泛使用，它们不仅会让我们不必记住密码，而且……)”和“logging in with a passkey will actually be significantly more secure than typing a password (使用密钥登录实际上比输入密码更安全)”可知，划线词前后是转折关系，即密钥登陆比我们常识所认为的输入密码更安全。counterintuitively意为“与常识相反”。故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八自然段“This is because, unlike most people who repeat their passwords, each passkey is unique. This means that even if the pizza delivery place is hacked, it won’t give away the same password that you use for your emails.( 这是因为，与大多数重复密码的人不同，每个密钥都是唯一的。这意味着即使披萨外卖店被黑客入侵，它也不会泄露您用于电子邮件的相同密码)”可知，密钥更安全，是因为每个密钥都是同类中唯一可以防止数据泄漏的密钥。故选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“Over the next few years, we can expect logins to get much less annoying, as all of the major tech players are now on board with a new technology designed to eventually replace the humble password called the “passkey”. (在接下来的几年里，我们可以预期登录会变得不那么烦人，因为所有主要的科技公司现在都在采用一项新技术，旨在最终取代称为“密钥”的简陋密码)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项取代传统登录密码的新技术——密钥。D项“the passkeys’ potential to replace passwords in the future (未来密钥替换密码的可能性)” 最能概括文章主旨。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Is Listening to a Book Better than Reading It?
Picture yourself sitting at home in a quiet reading space, ignoring the world around you, absorbed in a tale. You read the introduction, instantly became interested and now you’re in the middle of an absolute page-turner. But, there’s a hot debate — physical books vs. e-books vs. audiobooks. Does the device you’re using to read affect your reaction to the book?
_____47_____ There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness. So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits.
But, let’s look at the pros to reading with your eyes — that’s physical books and e-books. _____48_____ This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.
On the other hand, there’s the audiobook. Headphones in, you’re switched off from life and the story really comes alive, almost like watching a film — in your head. From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator. _____49_____ Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more. Yet, going back to attention period, with an audiobook it’s true that it’s much harder to go back and listen again.
_____50_____ Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience.
A. They help us become continuous readers.
B. They can help to remember information better.
C. Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.
D. We can more easily understand the changes in tones.
E. All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.
F. According to a research from Oxford University, audio books affect our reading reaction most.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是看书和听书各自的优点。
【47题详解】
根据下文“There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness.(包括注意力持续时间、推理能力、阅读流畅性、记忆力和语言理解能力。众所周知，阅读可以增强沟通能力，词汇量，提高情商和社会意识)”可知，阅读锻炼很多能力，C选项“Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.(一般来说，阅读会用到大脑的几个区域)”表明阅读可以锻炼很多能力，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据下文“This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.(这是因为当你能真正看到单词时，你的注意力会更集中。此外，读纸质书时，你可以回头找到你错过的任何部分，尤其是在你走神的时候，这很可能会发生)”可知，用眼睛看书可以让我们回头看错过的部分，且注意力更集中，这样的话能更好地记住所读到的内容，B选项“They can help to remember information better.(它们有助于更好地记忆信息)”符合语境，且选项中的they指代上文提到的“physical books and e-books.”。故选B。
【49题详解】
根据上文“From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator.(从科学的角度来看，听有声书很可能会帮助你在听到叙述者的情感时产生共鸣)”和下文“Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more.(听故事会调动大脑的不同区域，增加强度和意象，让你更享受其中)”可知，上下文都陈述听书的好处。由此可知，空格处也应该说听书的好处，D选项“We can more easily understand the changes in tones.(我们可以更容易地理解音调的变化)”符合语境，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据下文“Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format.(也许，下次你发现自己浏览书架时，也考虑一下版式)”再联系第三段讲的看书的好处，第四段讲的听书的好处，空格处应该说的是两种版式的书都是有优势的，E选项“All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.(总而言之，纸质书和有声书似乎都有各自的优势)”符合语境，对上文进行总结。故选E。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Binge-watching the New Addiction?
Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?
Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.
However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?
The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.
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【答案】Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows. This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人会说，电视和网络媒体能给我们带来的大量信息和娱乐是一件好事。但是很多人逐渐的沉迷于刷剧，由此带来其他的消极影响，因此本文给出具体的刷剧建议是，刷剧要有节制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1，Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly.
2，Almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result of Binge-watching.
3，Missing work is also connected with Binge-watching.
4,Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction.
5, Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much.
2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.
This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction.
Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.运用过去分词作后置定语，以及动名词作宾语。
[高分句型2]Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.运用了让步状语从句，动名词作主语，表达高级。
[高分句型3]This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
V. Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 生活在中国不同地区的人们的饮食多种多样。(variety) (汉译英)
【答案】People living in different parts of China have a wide variety of diets.
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词、固定短语和时态。表示“饮食”应用名词diet；表示“多种多样”应用短语a wide variety of；表示“生活在中国不同地区的”可用现在分词作后置定语。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：People living in different parts of China have a wide variety of diets.
53. 周末经常加班，他已经很久没去看望父母了。(since) (汉译英)
【答案】He works overtime at weekends a lot, and it’s been long since he visited his parents.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句。表示“加班”应用副词overtime，意为“超时地；在加班时间内”；表示“周末”应用at weekends；表示经常性发生的动词用一般现在时，表示“他已经很久没去看望父母了”应用it’s been long since…句型，since引导时间状语从句。故翻译为：He works overtime at weekends a lot, and it’s been long since he visited his parents.
54. 天朗气清，微风不燥，何不邀请三两好友一起郊外露营呢? (invite) (汉译英)
【答案】With agreeable weather and breezy wind, why not invite several good friends to camp in the suburbs?
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、动词以及固定句型。表示“天朗气清”应用agreeable weather，agreeable意为“令人愉快的；适合的”；表示“微风不燥”应用breezy wind，breezy意为“微风的”；表示“邀请”应用动词invite；表示“露营”应用动词camp；表示“郊外”应用名词suburb；表示“为什么不……”应用句型why not do sth.?。故翻译为：With agreeable weather and breezy wind, why not invite several good friends to camp in the suburbs?
55. 纵观历史，大运河对中国的经济发展发挥了重要作用，它是人类智慧的结晶。(which) (汉译英)
【答案】Throughout history, the Grand Canal has been playing a vital/ significant/ an important role in China’s economic development, which is the representation of human wisdom.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语以及定语从句和时态。表示“纵观历史”应用短语throughout history；表示“对……发挥作用”应用短语play a role in；表示“重要的”应用形容词vital/ significant/ important；表示“智慧”应用名词wisdom；分析句子可知，本句“它是人类智慧的结晶”应用非限定性定语从句，关系代词用which。根据句意可知，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般现在时。故翻译为：Throughout history, the Grand Canal has been playing a vital/ significant/ an important role in China’s economic development, which is the representation of human wisdom.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青。你学校即将举办“回眸五十年”纪念活动，你在学生会参与相关的准备工作，并负责向来宾介绍学校的变化，等等。请就此给你的英国好友Alan写封邮件交流你的想法。你的邮件必须包括：
1.介绍纪念活动的主要内容;
2.描述你所见闻的学校变化;
3.简述你对学校发展的期许。
(注：文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。)
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【答案】Dear Alan,
My school is about to hold a commemorative event called “Looking Back on Fifty Years” at the end of this month. I will participate in the relevant preparations as a member of the student union and be responsible for introducing the changes in the school to guests. Because this event is so important, I need some advice from you.
This commemorative event consists of three parts: inviting the principal to give a speech, leading guests to visit the school achievement exhibition and holding a celebration party, which will be significant. As is known, our school has undergone tremendous changes in the past 50 years. State-of-the-art teaching equipment and even artificial intelligence devices to assist in teaching have been equipped in our school. Besides, there are various cultural clubs and communities to enrich our leisure life.
Hope my school will become better and better !
Yours,
Li Qing
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的英国好友Alan写封邮件介绍你学校即将举办“回眸五十年”纪念活动，内容包括纪念活动的主要内容、你所见闻的学校变化和对学校发展的期许。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→join in
此外：besides→what’s more
希望：hope→wish
帮助：assist→ help
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My school is about to hold a commemorative event called “Looking Back on Fifty Years” at the end of this month.
拓展句：My school is about to hold a commemorative event which is called “Looking Back on Fifty Years” at the end of this month.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This commemorative event consists of three parts: inviting the principal to give a speech, leading guests to visit the school achievement exhibition and holding a celebration party, which will be significant.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Because this event is so important, I need some advice from you.（运用了because引导的原因状语）
听力答案:1-5 BDCBB 6-10 DACDC 11-13 CBA 14-16 CDA 17-20 ABAD