2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属中学高三下5月底阶段性质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属中学高三下5月底阶段性质量检测英语试题含答案，共27页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 首师大附中高三下5月底阶段性质量检测
英语学科试题
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us.
Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.
However after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor.
“I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”
Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____.
It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control.
As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again.
Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____.
1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature
2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security
3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked
4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared
5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously
6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing
7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest
8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival
9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy
10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了得了脑癌之后，作者开始养绿植，结果因为自己的焦虑让叶子开始变黄，作者意识到了自己的错误观念，减轻了焦虑，绿植也恢复了健康。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在我被诊断出患有脑癌之后，我喜欢我们周围有绿色和有生命的东西的想法。A. alive有生命的，活着的；B. primitive原始的；C. delicate柔和的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“I loved the idea of having something green and”指绿色有生命的东西，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：照顾这棵植物给了我一种成就感，因为我有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用。A. warmth温暖；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. security安全。根据后文“at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited”可知，作者有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用，所以照顾这棵植物给了自己一种成就感，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我已经习惯了提供护理。A. valued重视；B. needed需要；C. provided提供；D. lacked缺少。根据后文“I could still be a caregiver”指提供护理，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水让我想起了我过去身份的一个核心部分，并让我知道我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. added增加；B. connected联系；C. adapted改编；D. compared比较。根据后文“me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver”可知，给植物浇水让作者想起了过去身份的核心部分，connect sb. to表示“将……与联系”。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完美的条件下生长了几个星期后，植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。A. casually随意地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. mysteriously难以理解地，神秘地。根据后文“No matter what I did, the leaves kept”植物开始掉叶子，可知，作者也不知为何植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，叶子还是变黄掉到地上。A. spreading传播；B. browning褐变；C. waving挥舞；D. dancing舞蹈。根据后文“and dropping to the floor”指叶子变黄掉到地上。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当树挣扎时，我感到越来越不安和恐惧。A. fearful害怕的；B. innocent无辜的；C. faithful忠实的；D. dishonest不诚实的。根据上文“I felt increasingly uneasy and”可知，树的状态让作者感到不安和害怕。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，当我从手术中恢复过来时，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的精心培育——我至少还能控制的事情——和我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。A. dream梦想；B. success成功；C. capability能力；D. survival幸存。结合上文可知作者得了癌症，所以是生存是无法控制的事情。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始学习在线教程，弄清楚如何照顾这棵树。A. discontent不满足；B. anxiety焦虑；C. doubt怀疑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant”可知，作者明白了其中的道理，焦虑也减轻了。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看着新花盆里的树，我就会放松下来，想想我能决定的事情。A. give给予；B. share分享；C. decide决定；D. preserve保护。呼应上文“something over which I had at least some control”指作者开始思考自己能够控制决定的事情。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the seats, ____11____(settle) in one of them. It had been years since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident, she ____12____(throw) into a world of darkness. Susan’s husband Mark watched her sink into despair and he was determined to use every possible means to help her wife. Mark volunteered ____13____(ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself.
【答案】11. settled
12. was thrown
13. to ride
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Susan因一次事故导致双目失明，她的丈夫 Mark 帮助她适应黑暗的日常生活。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她付钱给司机，然后用手摸了摸座位，坐在其中一个座位上。分析句子结构可知，and连接paid和settle两个动作。根据语境此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填settled。
【12题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：由于一次事故，她陷入了黑暗的世界。throw oneself into意为“使某人陷入……之中”。分析句子结构可知，throw和she(herself)是动宾关系，要用被动语态。由于讲述的是发生事故后的事情，所以要用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was thrown。
【13题详解】
考查不定式做宾语。句意：马克每天早晚自愿和苏珊一起乘公共汽车，直到她自己能应付为止。volunteer 之后要用不定式做宾语。故填to ride。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The eastern Chinese city of Zibo ____14____ (emerge) as one of the country’s most popular tourist spots in the past few months — thanks to its barbecue. Favored by so-called internet influencers, the city has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms. ____15____(video) on sites such as Xiaohongshu show thousands of people traveling to the city to savor (品尝) local barbecue, ____16____ they say is wrapped in a pancake. When asked ____17____ attracts them most, travellers say the awesome food in chorus, though the restaurants were not stylishly furnished.
【答案】14 has emerged
15. Videos 16. which
17. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几个月里，中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。根据后文“in the past few months”可知应用现在完成时，主语为The eastern Chinese city of Zibo，助动词用has。故填has emerged。
【15题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：小红书等网站上的视频显示，成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地的烧烤，他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。根据后文show为动词原形，可知应用复数形式，首字母大写。故填Videos。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：小红书等网站上的视频显示，成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地的烧烤，他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词local barbecue，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及最吸引他们的是什么时，游客们异口同声地说是美味的食物，尽管餐厅的陈设并不时髦。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nowadays, people are choosing to live in a minimalist lifestyle. Minimalism, ____18____ (bear) out of early 20th-century modernism, was a trend ____19____ over-decorated and over-furnished. One of the main reasons people choose to become minimalists is that they want to achieve more meaning in their life. Through practicing minimalism, people reduce their possessions to ones that make them ____20____(true) happy. Besides, digital minimalism is particularly appealing to millennials who have grown tired of social media and being addicted to their technology.
【答案】18. born
19. against

20. truly
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极简主义的生活方式。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语was，空处要使用非谓语，主语Minimalism和bear（诞生）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用其过去分词表示被动。故填born。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子并根据语境可知，极简主义是选择非常简单的生活方式，因此与过度装饰和过度布置的理念大相径庭，因此需使用表示相反意味的介词against“反对；违背”。故填against。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：通过实践极简主义，人们减少了他们的财产，只留下那些让他们真正快乐的东西。分析句子可知，空处需使用副词truly（真正地）作状语修饰happy。故填truly。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Top Apps For Climate Activists
The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips.
Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But there’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering.
With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment.

Carbon Emissions Calculator (CEC) for Air Travel (iOS-Free) This app allows passengers to estimate the carbon emissions attributed to their air travel. It is simple to use—just select your origin and destination airports, specify the class of travel and number of passengers. View the carbon footprint and the distance traveled for your trip.

Fooducate (iOS and Android-$4. 99) This app empowers food shoppers everywhere to make healthy, informed decisions while at the supermarket. Scan your food and Fooducate generates a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) for each product scanned, along with brief explanations and warnings about its nutrients and ingredients. There is also an option to enter the bar code manually. The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants.

Locavore (iOS and Android-Free) If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. Locavore is a great app for those searching for local, in season, organic foods in your area. The app has one-click access to thousands of healthy, seasonal recipes and other information that can be shared with your friends and family. I like how the app not only lets you know which fruits and veggies are in season—it also lets you know how long they’ll be in season.

Zimride (iOS and Android-Free) Ridesharing apps are all the rage. Zimride is a new spin on ridesharing, using social networks to enable real connections. Once you set up a profile you are able to book a ride in your area, or post a ride of your own. Drivers can charge for rides and Zimride doesn’t take a cut. Rides seem to be reasonably priced and since profiles are linked with Facebook it’s easy to check out your potential ride companions.

21. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because________.
A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material
B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately
C. those APPs could help people who have a fast-paced lifestyle
D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone
22. If you want to find in season foods which Apps should you download?
A. Zimride. B. Fooducate. C. Locavore. D. CEC for Air Travel.
23. What can we learn about the APPs mentioned in this passage?
A. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut.
B. Locavore can tell us which fruits and meat are in season.
C. CEC for Air Travel can calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers.
D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是气候活动家的最佳应用程序。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But there’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering.(信息是不断变化的，我们这些努力为自己和后代保护环境的人需要获得最新的材料。成为一名气候变化活动家可能会耗费大量时间。但有一个应用程序（或十个）可以做到这一点！应用程序的数量惊人。)”可知，作者推荐这些app是因为这些应用程序可以帮助人们获得最新的材料，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Locavore部分的“If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. Locavore is a great app for those searching for local, in season, organic foods in your area.(如果你正在寻找最近的农贸市场出售你最喜欢的时令农产品，那么Locavore就是你的应用程序。Locavore是一个为那些寻找当地应季的有机食品的伟大的应用程序。)”可知，如果你想找到应季食物，你应该下载Locavore，故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fooducate部分的“The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants.(该应用程序将推荐最低限度加工的、天然的富含营养和抗氧化剂的真正食物。)”可知，Fooducate会推荐天然的富含营养和抗氧化剂的低加工食品，故选D。
B
When my father died, one of the tasks that fell to me was to sort through and decide which objects to save and which to throw away. Now I look at the objects of my life as if I were dead, wondering, what will my children do with the human skull that sits on the bookcase? They’ve been wanting to throw it out for some years, but will they know how much can be learned from living with a skull? And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve.
But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. I was the closest to my father and knew him well; however, only when I was going through his study did I learn he had collected picture postcards of hotels. What was I to do with all the objects that had been him? The sad part of me wanted to put everything in my car and take it home. The rational won, however, and I filled rubbish bags with old newspapers, magazines, apologizing to his spirit as I did. I could not throw out the thousands of pictures he had taken on his travels. I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home.
I look at the objects that are my life and the only way my children can satisfy me is by not touching a thing. But they must if I am to go on with my death. And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep? I look at these objects that are me and know, too, that they are symbols of how alone I and each of us is, for no one knows what any object means except he or she who owns it. Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love.
24. Why does the writer keep the plastic head of a horse?
A. Because his father gave it to him as a gift.
B. Because it makes him a very good chess player.
C. Because it brings back memories of his childhood.
D. Because he accepted it as a prize for a competition.
25. How did the writer deal with the remaining objects of his father after he died?
A. He threw everything away.
B. He saved some of the worthless objects.
C. He took some of them to his own house.
D. He sorted them and put them into good order.
26. What do we know about the writer?
A. He is very strict with his children.
B. He prefers to collect different skulls.
C. He relies on his children to deal with his possessions.
D. He knows more about his father after his father died.
27. According to the last paragraph, the objects we save ________.
A. serve as the symbols of our social class B. are reminders of past experiences
C. are quite expensive and valuable D. make us proud of ourselves
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章是作者在收拾去世的父亲的物品时的感悟。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve. (我知道他们会不假思索地把我桌子上的白色塑料马头扔进垃圾袋，而他们不知道这是我拥有的第一副国际象棋中唯一剩下的棋子。这是我十二岁的时候)”可知，作者保留塑料马头是因为它会让作者想起童年时的回忆，故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home.(我把照片带回家了，虽然我永远不会看它们。我带了十二盒爸爸的东西回家)”可知，作者把爸爸的一些东西带回了自己家，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. (但最终的决定权还是留给那些最不了解我们的人——我们的孩子)”和最后一段中“And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep?(我想知道我的孩子会保留多少个关于我的盒子呢？)”可知，作者依靠他的孩子们来处理他的物品，故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love. (我们生活中的每一件物品都是记忆，情感围绕着它，隐藏和保护着内心的一个微小真相。只有我记得它们是何时以及如何得到的；我看着这些物体，它们就是我，记忆是温暖的，充满了爱)”可知，我们保留下来的物品可以使我们想起过去的经历。故选B。
C
A question has increasingly bothered me since I began studying our relationship with technology two decades ago: Will we ever pay attention again? The concern arose from measuring the shrinking attention spans in various work roles. Whether we’re talking about a Gen Z or a baby boomer, a CEO or an administrative assistant, attention spans on our computers and phones are short and declining.
We tend to blame this trend on growing digital alerts and notifications, or on algorithms aimed at capturing our focus. These do play measurable roles. But it turns out that people are nearly as likely to switch their attention of their own volition. We are determined to be interrupted, if not by others, then by ourselves. Simply choosing to check our email is a major reason for interruptions. Our research found that, on average, people check their inboxes 77 times a day. More than 40% of the time, they do it willingly, without being spurred by any alert.
Are we doomed to see our attention spans nosedive? Completely unplugging from technology might help us recover, but few of us are ready to give up the benefits of online connections. There are possible remedies, however, if not real solutions.
First, we can become more intentional in our actions by examining the reasons behind: Am I distracting myself because I am bored? Are there other options? Taking proper breaks is also important; research shows that even a 20-minute walk in nature can lead us to increase our generation of ideas. Finally, people can plan to concentrate on important tasks when their mental resources are at their peak for avoiding distraction.
Institutional decisions can also help us to preserve attention. It’s not realistic to cut off email completely, but the volume can be reduced. We found that cutting email off in an organization for one workweek helped people focus longer on screens and reduced stress. Companies with an email-free day a week have reported positive results.
The German companies Volkswagen and Allianz have gone a step further and adopted a policy called “Right to Disconnect”. Actually, this policy of not punishing workers for failing to answer e-communications after work hours has been instituted in Ireland and France. How does this help? A 2017 study found afterhours work communications created emotional exhaustion, and a 2014 study showed detaching from work can improve sleep. The study found when sleep deficits increase, attention spans decrease.
Our online behavior is greatly influenced by the wider culture and the ever more sophisticated tools of digital technology, but we can’t just blame our short attention spans on algorithms and notifications that flood in. We still own our attention, and we can take change into our own hands.
28. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the result of the research to show that________.
A. we are likely to interrupt ourselves in most cases
B. people will sometimes voluntarily seek distraction
C. people are constantly interrupted by email from others
D. digital alerts are not to blame for the reduced concentration
29. What can be inferred about the two German companies before the introduction of the “Right to Disconnect” policy?
A. The companies used to punish workers for not staying connected after work.
B. The employees of these companies were generally not satisfied with their job.
C. Their employees had lower sleep quality compared to those in France and Ireland.
D. The companies refused to adopt the policy because they wanted to make more profits.
30. What can we conclude about digital technology from the passage?
A. It’s up to us human beings to decide how much we want to be distracted by it.
B. We can adjust our online behavior by making some changes to digital culture.
C. Standards must be set to ensure that we do not fall victim to its negative effects.
D. The impact of digital technology on our lives can be extended by cultural behavior.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们在电脑和手机上的注意力持续时间都很短，而且在不断下降。我们倾向于把这种趋势归咎于不断增长的数字警报和通知，或者是旨在吸引我们注意力的算法。文章介绍了相关的研究发现。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“We tend to blame this trend on growing digital alerts and notifications, or on algorithms aimed at capturing our focus. These do play measurable roles. But it turns out that people are nearly as likely to switch their attention of their own volition. We are determined to be interrupted, if not by others, then by ourselves. Simply choosing to check our email is a major reason for interruptions. Our research found that, on average, people check their inboxes 77 times a day. More than 40% of the time, they do it willingly, without being spurred by any alert.(我们倾向于把这种趋势归咎于不断增长的数字警报和通知，或者是旨在吸引我们注意力的算法。这些确实发挥着可衡量的作用。但事实证明，人们几乎同样有可能根据自己的意愿转移注意力。我们决心要被打断，如果不是被别人打断，就是被我们自己打断。仅仅是选择查看电子邮件就是被打断的主要原因。我们的研究发现，人们平均每天查看77次收件箱。超过40%的情况下，他们是自愿这么做的，没有受到任何警告的刺激)”可推知，在第2段中，作者提到了研究结果，以表明数字警报不是注意力下降的罪魁祸首。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The German companies Volkswagen and Allianz have gone a step further and adopted a policy called “Right to Disconnect”. Actually, this policy of not punishing workers for failing to answer e-communications after work hours has been instituted in Ireland and France. How does this help? A 2017 study found afterhours work communications created emotional exhaustion, and a 2014 study showed detaching from work can improve sleep. The study found when sleep deficits increase, attention spans decrease.(德国大众和安联公司则更进一步，采用了一项名为“断开连接权”的政策。事实上，爱尔兰和法国已经制定了这项政策，即不惩罚下班后未回复电子邮件的员工。这有什么帮助呢？2017年的一项研究发现，下班后的沟通会导致情绪疲惫，2014年的一项研究表明，脱离工作可以改善睡眠。研究发现，当睡眠不足增加时，注意力持续时间会缩短)”可推知，在“断开连接权”政策出台之前，可以推断出这两家德国公司过去会因为员工下班后没有保持联系而惩罚他们。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our online behavior is greatly influenced by the wider culture and the ever more sophisticated tools of digital technology, but we can’t just blame our short attention spans on algorithms and notifications that flood in. We still own our attention, and we can take change into our own hands.(我们的上网行为在很大程度上受到更广泛的文化和更复杂的数字技术工具的影响，但我们不能仅仅把我们的短暂注意力归咎于潮水般涌入的算法和通知。我们仍然拥有自己的注意力，我们可以把改变掌握在自己手中)”可推知，我们有多想被数字技术分心，这取决于我们人类自己。故选A。
D
Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type of president.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one's strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored "go-to" topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unknowingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, We fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others.
It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.
31. Why teenagers' strengths are often mistaken for narcissism?
A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public.
B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism.
C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness.
D. Numbers of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.
32. The author mentions Gandhi and Teresa in paragraph 6 to show that________.
A. they are both victims of binary thinking
B. one can be both modest and sure of himself
C. confidence is quite important for celebrities
D. public figures unknowingly fall prey to narcissism
33. What's the author's attitude towards young kids' strength-based approaches?
A. Skeptical.
B. Favorable.
C. Neutral.
D. Cautious.
34. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Teens' Strength Psychology
B. Teens' Narcissism Diagnosis
C. Teen's Anxiety and Depression
D. Teens' Confidence Misunderstood
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年的自信被误解的现象及原因。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. (为什么会发生这种情况？部分原因是人们对自恋的了解多于对优势的了解。尽管优势心理学在很大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，或者只在特定的情境，如工作场所中应用，但关于自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体和我们的集体意识)”可推知，青少年的优点常常被误认为是自恋是因为学术期刊和大众媒体对自恋的报道更多。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness.(甘地和特蕾莎修女如果没有对自己的优势的自信，是不可能取得今天的成就的，但他们都是谦逊和无私的)”可知，作者在第六段中提到了甘地和特蕾莎，表明一个人可以既谦虚又自信。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我共事过的成千上万的年轻人说话，他们关心他人、有思想、谦逊——即使他们发挥了自己的长处)”可推知，作者很赞成以儿童的优势为基础的方法。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).(一个恰当的例子是基于优势的科学和关于自恋的研究之间微妙且被误解的重叠)”及最后一段“It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我共事过的成千上万的年轻人说话，他们关心他人、有思想、谦逊——即使他们发挥了自己的长处)”可推知，本文主要介绍了青少年的自信被误解的现象及原因。由此可知，Teens' Confidence Misunderstood(被误解的青少年的自信)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children love getting dirty. ____35____ But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. ____36____
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. ____37____
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. ____38____ The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
____39____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C. Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E. As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F. People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】35. D 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子们在户外玩耍、接触大自然的重要性，并且指出这样做对孩子们的身心健康及成长有着积极的影响，特别是在现代城市化的生活和环境背景下，更应该注意让孩子们参与户外活动，乐享大自然。
【35题详解】
根据前文“Children love getting dirty.(孩子们喜欢弄脏。)”结合下文“But”可知与空处转折，D项“They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(他们像泥泞的磁铁一样被水坑吸引，而不考虑鞋子或衣服的颜色。)”与上下文一致，表明小孩们非常喜欢玩泥巴，不会顾及自己的衣服和鞋子会被弄脏，这突显出小孩们对于在室外玩耍的渴望，D项“他们被像泥泞的磁铁一样的水坑吸引，完全不考虑鞋子和衣服的颜色。”符合，故选D项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，许多父母可能暗暗希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点泥土。随着城市化的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的诱惑，与大自然的接触比过去少得多。)”可知现代的城市生活方式和娱乐活动可能与大自然的接触缺乏，导致了小孩们越来越难以有机会和时间去在户外玩耍，与A项“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. (对于许多人来说，根本没有机会变得泥泞。)”与上下文一致，故选A项。
【37题详解】
根据前文“According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. (根据最近的研究，外面的污垢正在与友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空处会提到微生物的作用，与G项“They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它们可以训练免疫系统并建立对一系列疾病的适应力，包括过敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也会帮助小孩的免疫系统去建立对很多疾病的的抵抗能力和适应性，包括过敏和哮喘等疾病。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.(支持这一理论，2009年的一项研究发现，与在保存完好的城市地区的街道上步行20分钟相比，患有多动症的儿童在公园散步20分钟后能够更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然场景对小孩的精神和认知发展会有很好的刺激和帮助，与B项“Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. (靠近草木似乎对他们的思想产生了有益的影响。)”与上下文一致，故选B项。
【39题详解】
根据下文“For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals. (例如，泥浆和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行为可以帮助儿童发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，称为感觉运动发展。这使孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。)”可知本段主要讲述了户外玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉运动发展，使他们理解他或她的身体信号，这是一种学习经验，与C项“Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.(除了这些恢复效果外，户外游戏还可以提供宝贵的学习经验。)”上下文一致，故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you:
·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!
You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
40. What did nostalgia originally mean?
___________________________________________
41. What have the researchers found about time travel?
___________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
___________________________________________
43. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________
【答案】40. A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.
41. They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us.
42. ØMemory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
Because we should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
43. (1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样才能成为一个自信的时间旅行者，穿越到过去或未来提出建议。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.(“怀旧”一词最早出现于1688年，被定义为一种士兵的精神疾病，他们会不断地想念自己的家园，渴望回归。)”可知，“怀旧”原意为军人不断思念故土、渴望回归的一种心理疾病。故答案是：A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards.(在许多科学实验中，研究人员发现，如果受试者以前听过某段音乐，他们更有可能从这段音乐中获得积极的感觉。但也有越来越多的研究以“另一种方式”进行时间旅行，因为记忆技能也可以把人们带到未来。几十年的研究表明，穿越到未来可以带来一系列全新的回报。)”可知，研究人员发现时间旅行到过去和到未来都会给我们带来好处。故答案是：They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段“When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.(当你在拖延的时候，想象一下最终的结果。快进到看到扫地或文章写完了，用这些积极的形象来推动你行动起来。)”可知，记忆力可以把我们带到未来，所以我们应该想象一个积极的最终结果来推动我们在拖延的时候采取行动。故答案是：Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating. Because we should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。(1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
(答案仅供参考，言之有理即可。)
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：
1. 活动目的及形式;
2. 个人收获及后续计划。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.
The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to develop the habit of reading and to enhance our critical thinking abilities. The activities include book sharing sessions, reading contests, book reviews, and discussions on various topics related to literature.
Personally, I find this activity very meaningful and inspiring. I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading. After the activity, I plan to continue to read widely and to share my insights with my classmates.
I would love to hear your thoughts on this. Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim介绍学校组织的主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
活动：activity→event
鼓励：encourage→inspire
提高：enhance→improve
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.
拓展句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” which was organized by my school, Red Star High School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.(运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)