2023年【暑假分层作业】八年级英语（人教版）-第13练动词短语

这是一份2023年【暑假分层作业】八年级英语（人教版）-第13练动词短语，共12页。试卷主要包含了 动词＋副词，如， 动词＋介词，如， 动词＋副词＋介词，如， 动词＋名词＋介词，如等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年【暑假分层作业】八年级英语（人教版）-第13练 动词短语第13练 动词短语短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。◆ 构成：常见的形式有：1. 动词＋副词，如：put up2. 动词＋介词，如：look at3. 动词＋副词＋介词，如：run out of4. 动词＋名词＋介词，如：take care of◆ 动词＋副词（1）常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有：cheer up（振奋起来），clean up（打扫干净），set up（建立），put up（搭建，张贴），cut up（切碎），fix up（修理），work out（算出），give out（分发），give away（赠送），think over（仔细思考），turn over（把……翻过来），hand in（上交）等。【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。（2）常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：get up（起床），start off（动身），come back（回来），get down（下来），hold on（等一下；别挂断），look out（当心，小心），get away（逃离）等。◆ 动词＋介词这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：look for（寻找），stand for（代表），wait for（等待），pay for（付费），send for（派人去请），take after（像），hear from（收到……的来信），hear of（听说），depend on（依靠）等。◆ 动词＋副词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有：add up to（总共是），catch up with（赶上），look down upon（瞧不起），run out of（耗尽，用光）◆ 动词＋名词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：make fun of（取笑），make use of（利用），pay attention to（注意），take care of（照顾）等。【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。☞ He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。☞ We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。一、单项选择1．—Why were you late, Jack? —The traffic was heavy. And, my car ________ on the way and I had to walk to the office.A．broke down B．put down C．fell down D．turned down2．The box is too heavy to carry. It is ________ books.A．filled with B．full with C．covered with D．used for3．A few weeks ago, my brother ________ and broke his left leg in a soccer game.A．fell down B．cut down C．woke up D．grew up4．May I ________ the Party?A．join B．join in C．take part D．take part in5．Because of the bad weather, we have to ________ the sports meeting until next week.A．put up B．put on C．put off6．On seeing the tigers, Sandy felt a little afraid, but she ________ after she knew they were not dangerous to humans.A．calmed down B．fell down C．came down D．put down7．For students, good health ________ proper exercise, enough sleep and happy moods, I think.A．works on B．depends on C．decides on8．— We should learn to  ▲  others, then we’ll really grow up.— I agree with you. Growing up means more responsibility（责任）.A．find out B．look out C．look after9．Jack ______ the empty bottle on the floor and threw it into a dustbin.A．opened up B．picked up C．took up D．moved up10．Many old people often get up early to ________ some fresh air.A．take out B．take in C．take off D．take down11．Mr Smith is helping his little son ________ the broken bike in the yard.A．look up B．wake up C．fix up D．cut up12．—Do you know what time Mrs. Wilson will ________ tomorrow? —I am not sure. She just told me she would leave in the morning.A．get off B．set off C．turn off13．— What did you say just now?— Lunch is ready. Please ________ the knives and forks at the lunch table.A．lay out B．put out C．take out D．give out14．—Simon failed the exam again.—That’s not surprising. Computer games ________ too much time of his time.A．look up B．put up C．get up D．take up15．—When does your son usually ________ in the morning?—At about 6:30.A．set up B．wake up C．take up D．give up16．Our teacher didn’t talk until the noise ________ in the classroom.A．turned down B．died down C．cut off D．put off17．Jack is very busy these days. He has a lot of problems to ________.A．deal with B．talk with C．agree with D．play with18．―Do you ________ my plan?       —Yes, it’s wonderful.A．find out B．hear from C．turn down D．agree with19．You should ________. Everything will be better.A．put up B．give up C．fix up D．cheer up20．—Do you think you can survive in a forest alone for a month? —Sure! I can hunt and live off fruits and nuts there.A．get B．live by C．live with D．depend on二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A B C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A star wins hearts with her energetic workouts on Douyin. Now she got about 3 million likes on her Douyin videos. The star is 70-year-old Chen Jifang. She is from Shanghai. Chen was once even on a reality show     21     China Central Television. She said she did this     22     she wanted to encourage people who are 30 to 50. She wanted to motivate them to work out in the gym after seeing that a granny like her could do that. It is never too late to work hard for     23     health.Chen     24     dreamed to be famous for doing exercise. She started to exercise just because she needed it. Her health had been poor since she was a child. She even had to give up her job and stay at home after she had her daughter, as her health was worse. In the past, when she felt uncomfortable, she would lie at     25     for a whole day. Chen was a saleswoman in a local food company. Three years ago, she found that she had some serious health problems. Her doctor told her to exercise more to     26     her poor health. She had problems with her knees, so she went to a gym to exercise. She hit the gym every day and took different types of training from 8 am to 3 pm. She also made big     27     in her diet. For example, she     28      her favourite foods like barbecued meats, cream cakes and spicy hotpot. Three months later, she lost 28 kilograms and her health got much better. Her family     29     her in many ways. Her husband shows his support by doing most of the housework. Her daughter, on the other hand, helps to pick her gym clothes.“It is wise to spend money on exercise,     30     spending money on medicine.” Chen says.21．A．at B．in C．on22．A．though B．because C．so23．A．good B．poor C．rich24．A．always B．never C．often25．A．home B．school C．gym26．A．encourage B．improve C．expect27．A．dinners B．chances C．changes28．A．worked out B．gave up C．took down29．A．stopped B．supported C．suggested30．A．instead of B．close to C．as for 三、语法填空阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入恰当的词或括号中词语的适当形式。 Waste sorting (垃圾分类) is     31     big matter around the world. People in different countries are using different ways to sort their waste.UKA UK company     32     (invent) a “smart bin” to help with waste sorting. People just need to drop their waste into the bin. A camera in the bin can tell     33     kind of rubbish it is and correctly sort it. The bin also compresses (压缩) the waste so it takes up     34     (little) space.South KoreaSouth Korea is using a way called “Pay For Your Waste”     35     (encourage) people to reduce food waste. When throwing away rubbish, people have to put it in the bin. The smart bin then     36     (weigh) the food. People have to pay for their food waste     37     scanning(扫描) a barcode (条形码) on the bin. If they throw away more rubbish, they will pay more.China    38     (现今, 目前) China is improving waste sorting. More than 46 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen     39     (make) rules on waste sorting already.According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment, more than 90 percent of the people believe that waste sorting is important for the      40      (保护) of the environment.  四、完成句子41．昨天晚上大风何时减弱的？When did the strong wind _____________ last night?42．你觉得谈话节目怎么样？What do you _________ talk shows?43．一些人把种子视为生命的象征。Some people ________ the seed ________ the symbol of life.44．他去年把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善机构了。He ________ most of his money to charity last year.45．我不能和你去购物。我得在家照看妹妹。I can’t go shopping with you. I have to ________ my sister at home.
参考答案：1．A【详解】句意：——你为什么迟到了，杰克？——交通很拥挤。而且，我的车在路上抛锚了，我不得不步行去办公室。考查动词词组辨析。broke down出故障，抛锚；put down镇压，记下；fell down倒下；turned down调低，拒绝。根据“my car...on the way and I had to walk to the office.”可知，车子在路上应该是出故障。故选A。2．A【详解】句意：这个箱子太重，搬不动。里面装满了书。考查动词短语。filled with充满；full with通常为full of；covered with被覆盖；used for被用于。根据“The box is too heavy to carry.”可知，应该是箱子里面全是书，所以太重了。故选A。3．A【详解】句意：几个星期前，我哥哥在一场足球比赛中摔倒了，摔断了左腿。考查动词短语辨析。fell down摔倒；cut down砍倒；woke up叫醒；grew up生长。根据“broke his left leg in a soccer game”可知，摔倒并摔断了腿，故选A。4．A【详解】句意：我可以入党吗？考查动词和动词短语。join加入，加入某个党派或社会团体；join in参加（活动），参加某项运动或活动；take part参加，后面不加宾语；take part in参加，后跟活动或者会议等。根据“ the Party”，此处指入党，即加入党派。故选A。5．C【详解】句意：由于糟糕的天气，我们不得不将运动会推迟到下周。考查词组词义辨析。put up张贴；put on穿上，上演；put off推迟。根据“Because of the bad weather”可知，天气糟糕，所以应该是“推迟运动会”。故选C。6．A【详解】句意：一看到老虎，桑迪就感到点害怕，但在她知道它们对人类没有危险后，她平静了下来。考查动词短语辨析。calmed down冷静下来；fell down跌倒；came down下来；put down放下来。根据“after she knew they were not dangerous to humans”可推测，桑迪应该是冷静了下来。故选A。7．B【详解】句意：我认为，对学生来说，良好的健康取决于适当的运动，充足的睡眠和愉快的心情。考查动词短语辨析。work on从事；depend on依靠；取决于；decide on决定。根据“proper exercise, enough sleep and happy moods”可知，良好的健康取决于适当的运动，充足的睡眠和愉快的心情。故选B。8．C【详解】句意：——我们应该学会照顾别人，然后我们才会真正长大。——我同意你的看法。成长意味着更多的责任。考查动词短语辨析。find out查明；look out小心；look after照顾。根据“Growing up means more responsibility”可知，成长意味着更多的责任，照顾别人也是属于责任的一种，故选C。9．B【详解】句意：Jack捡起地上的空瓶子，把它扔进了垃圾箱。考查动词短语。opened up开业；picked up捡起；took up开始从事；moved up提升，根据空后的“the empty bottle on the floor and threw it into a dustbin”可知，应该是捡起空瓶子，故选B。10．B【详解】句意：许多老年人经常早起呼吸新鲜空气。考查动词短语。take out拿出来；take in吸入；take off脱下；take down取下。根据“some fresh air.”可知此处是指吸入新鲜空气，故选B。 11．C【详解】句意：史密斯先生正在帮他的小儿子修理院子里的坏自行车。考查动词短语。look up查阅；wake up叫醒；fix up修理；cut up切碎。根据“ the broken bike”可知此处指修理坏了的自行车。故选C。12．B【详解】句意：——你知道威尔逊太太明天什么时候出发吗？——我不确定。她刚跟我说她明天早上就走。考查动词短语辨析。get off下车；set off出发，启程；turn off关闭。根据“She just told me she would leave in the morning.”可知，此处指“出发，离开”，故选B。13．A【详解】句意：——你刚才说什么？——午餐准备好了，请把刀叉摆在午餐桌上。考查动词短语。lay out摆开，布置； put out扑灭； take out取出； give out分发。根据“the knives and forks at the lunch table.”可知，刀叉应该是“摆开，布置”在午餐桌上。故选A。14．D【详解】句意：——西蒙考试又没及格。——那并不奇怪。电脑游戏占用了他太多的时间。考查动词短语辨析。look up查阅；put up张贴、举起；get up起床；take up占用。根据上句“Simon failed the exam again.”可知，应是电脑游戏占用了他太多的时间。故选D。15．B【详解】句意：——你儿子早上通常什么时候醒来？ ——大约6：30。考查动词词组辨析。set up建立；wake up醒来；take up占据；give up放弃。根据“in the morning”以及答语“At about 6:30.”可知，此处问的是早上通常几点“醒”。故选B。16．B【详解】句意：我们的老师直到教室里的噪音消失了才说话。考查动词短语辨析。turned down调小；died down消失；cut off切除；put off推迟。根据“Our teacher didn’t talk”可知，此处是老师直到教室里的噪音消失了才说话。故选B。17．A【详解】句意：杰克这几天很忙。他有很多问题要处理。考查动词短语。deal with处理；talk with交谈；agree with同意；play with和……玩。根据“Jack is very busy these days. He has a lot of problems to...”可知此处是指有很多问题要处理。故选A。18．D【详解】句意：——你同意我的计划吗？ ——同意，它太棒了。考查动词短语辨析。find out查明，弄清；hear from收到……的来信；turn down拒绝；agree with同意。根据“Yes, it’s wonderful.”和选项可知，回答者认为这个计划很棒，所以他会同意这个计划，“agree with”符合题意。故选D。19．D【详解】句意：你应该振作起来。一切都会好起来的。考查动词短语辨析。put up搭建，张贴；give up放弃；fix up修补；cheer up振作起来。所有事情都会好起来，所以应该振作起来。cheer up符合句意。故选D。20．D【详解】句意：——你觉得你能独自在森林里生存一个月吗？——当然！我可以在那里打猎，吃水果和坚果。考查同义词替换。get得到；live by以……为生；live with与……同住；depend on依靠，依赖；根据“live off”可知，此处指的是“靠……生活”，与D选项意思相同，故选D。 21．C    22．B    23．A    24．B    25．A    26．B    27．C    28．B    29．B    30．A 【导语】本文介绍了70岁的陈继芳在抖音上锻炼的视频走红的情况以及她运动的初衷等。21．句意：陈甚至曾在中央电视台的真人秀节目中露面。at在……；in在……里；on在……上；根据“China Central Television”可知，在电视上用介词on，故选C。22．句意：她说她这样做是因为她想鼓励30到50岁的人。though虽然；because因为；so因此；空格前后是因果关系，应用because引导原因状语从句，故选B。23．句意：为健康努力锻炼永远不嫌晚。good好的；poor贫穷的；rich富裕的；根据“It is never too late to work hard”可知，此处说的是为了好的健康，故选A。24．句意：陈从未梦想过以锻炼而出名。always总是；never从不；often经常；根据“She started to exercise just because she needed it.”可知，她没有想过锻炼能让她出名，故选B。25．句意：过去，当她感到不舒服时，她会在家里躺一整天。home家；school学校；gym体育馆；根据“she felt uncomfortable”可知，不舒服应该是在家休息，故选A。26．句意：她的医生告诉她要多锻炼以改善她的健康状况。encourage鼓励；improve提高；expect期望；根据“Her doctor told her to exercise more to...her poor health”可知，医生建议通过运动改善健康状况，故选B。27．句意：她在饮食方面也做了很大的改变。dinners晚餐；chances机会；changes改变；根据“her favourite foods like barbecued meats, cream cakes and spicy hotpot. Three months later, she lost 28 kilograms and her health got much better.”可知，在饮食方面也作出了很大的改变，故选C。28．句意：例如，她放弃了她最喜欢的食物，比如烤肉、奶油蛋糕和辣火锅。worked out算出；gave up放弃；took down记下；根据“She also made big...in her diet”及“Three months later, she lost 28 kilograms and her health got much better.”可知，既然在饮食方面作出了很大的改变，对于这些高热量食物应该是放弃，故选B。29．句意：她的家人在很多方面支持她。stopped停止；supported支持；suggested建议；根据“Her husband shows his support by doing most of the housework. Her daughter, on the other hand, helps to pick her gym clothes.”可知，她的家人们支持她，故选B。30．句意：“花钱锻炼是明智的，而不是花钱买药。”陈说。instead of而不是；close to接近于；as for至于；根据“spend money on exercise...spending money on medicine”可知，此处指的是“而不是”，故选A。 31．a    32．invented    33．what    34．less    35．to encourage    36．weighs    37．by    38．Now    39．have made    40．protection 【导语】本文主要讲了不同国家垃圾分类的方法。31．句意：垃圾分类在世界各地都是一件大事。根据“… big matter”可知，此处指“一件大事”，表泛指，且big是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。32．句意：英国一家公司发明了一种“智能垃圾桶”来帮助分类垃圾。根据“A UK company … a “smart bin” to help with waste sorting.”可知，垃圾桶是在过去被发明的，描述过去发生的事情，句子是一般过去时，故填invented。33．句意：垃圾桶里的摄像头可以分辨出这是什么垃圾，并正确地将其分类。根据“kind of rubbish it is”可知，此处指它是什么类型的垃圾，故填what。34．句意：垃圾箱还能压缩垃圾，所以占的空间更小。根据“The bin also compresses(压缩) the waste”可知，能压缩垃圾，所以占的空间较小，有比较之意，故填less。35．句意：韩国正在使用一种名为“为你的浪费付费”的方法来鼓励人们减少食物浪费。用这个方法的目的是为了鼓励人们减少食物浪费，用动词不定式表目的，故填to encourage。36．句意：然后智能垃圾桶会给食物称重。根据上下文为一般现在时可知，句子是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，动词用三单形式，故填weighs。37．句意：人们必须通过扫描垃圾桶上的条形码来支付食物垃圾的费用。根据“People have to pay for their food waste…scanning(扫描) a barcode (条形码) on the bin”可知，通过扫描条形码的形式来支付费用，by“通过”，故填by。38．句意：现在中国正在改进垃圾分类。now“现今，目前”，故填Now。39．句意：包括北京、上海、深圳在内的46个城市已经制定了垃圾分类规则。根据“already”可知，句子用现在完成时has/have done的结构，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have made。40．句意：超过90%的人认为垃圾分类对保护环境很重要。根据“the…of”可知，此空应填名词，protection“保护”，是不可数名词，故填protection。41．die down【详解】减弱：die down，动词短语，助动词did后用动词原形。故填die down。42．think of【详解】根据汉语提示可知What do you think of....表示“你认为……怎么样”。故填think of。43．     regard     as【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处考查“视……为……”，可以用短语regard…as…“把……看作……”。由句意可知，这句话应用一般现在时态，主语为“Some people”，动词用原形。故填regard；as。44．gave away【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“捐赠”，动词短语give away意为“捐赠”，由“last year”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空缺处应该用give away的过去式gave away，故填gave away。45．look after##take care of【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“照看”，动词短语look after/take care of“照顾”，由空前的“have to”可知，空缺处应该用动词原形，故填look after/take care of。