湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三下学期月考（八）英语试题(含听力）

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长沙市一中2023届高三月考试卷(八)
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. .
答案是C.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What kind of music will the speakers listen to tonight?
A. Pop. B. Classical. C. Rap.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I love going to concerts. Don’t you?
W: Yes! Chinese pop, Korean pop...I even like some rap groups now. What is played tonight?
M: Um, it’s classical music. You know...violin, piano, orchestra...
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What sport was the man doing?
A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Swimming.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I see you’re in your gym shorts. Did you just come from basketball practice?
M: No, I was playing football with some friends. Did you remember that I have a swim meet tomorrow, too? I need to buy a new swim cap.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How much does a business class ticket cost?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: What is the price for a regular ticket from Los Angeles to Las Vegas?
W: Well, the regular ticket price is $15, but if you want to be more comfortable in a large sofa seat, you can pay $10 more for a business class ticket.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man think of the woman’s earrings?
A. They are pretty. B. They are fashionable. C. They are old.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I don’t think your earrings match your necklace. Your necklace is very fashionable, but your earrings are pretty old.
W: Oh, but I like the style. Anyway, they match my dress.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Dogs. B. Houses. C. Views.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Your dogs are so beautiful! I’ve always wanted one like those, but I don’t have enough room in my apartment.
W: Yeah, these guys are much larger than most dogs. Luckily, my backyard is big enough.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. Which of the boy’s clothes are broken?
A. A jacket. B. Shirts. C. Pants.
7. What is the woman’s solution to the problem?
A. She will buy the boy new clothes.
B. She will teach the boy to fix his own clothes.
C. She will turn the old clothes into fashionable ones.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Can I buy some new clothes, Mom? Mine are so old!
W: Well, which clothes are broken?
M: Two pairs of pants.
W: I’m so sorry, honey. We don’t have enough money right now to buy any new clothes. But you’re lucky that you have a mother who knows how to sew well! I’ll fix up the worn-out clothes so they look fashionable and new. I’ll also make you a new jacket. Remember the one you liked at the store the other day? I think I can make a close copy of it. No one will know the difference!
M: Really? Thanks, Mom!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. Why are the speakers changing their plans?
A. Because of the weather.
B. Because of the ticket price.
C. Because of their love for islands.
9. Where will the speakers probably visit?
A. England. B. Italy. C. Spain.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: It has been a hard winter for Europe. Maybe we should go somewhere else for vacation this spring. It looks like winter still has a hold on the places we wanted to visit.
W: Is it still cold in England and Germany? It’s almost April!
M: Yes, and the weather forecast is for more storms.
W: How about southern Spain?
M: That’s just what I was thinking. Or the south of Italy. I don’t think we can go wrong with either place.
W: Which would you prefer?
M: I think we should get tickets to Italy this year. While we’re there, we could also fly to some islands nearby.
W: I love islands! I’m sure the weather will be beautiful, and spring brings so many wildflowers.
M: Yes. We can always plan to visit northern Europe next summer. Autumn is also nice in those countries.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. What has the woman been reading?
A. A novel. B. A dictionary. C. A cookbook.
11. Why doesn’t the man read books?
A. He has poor eyesight. B. He dislikes stories. C. He is too busy.
12. Where does the man usually listen to his books?
A. In the kitchen. B. In the car. C. On the plane.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: That’s a pretty thick book. It looks like a dictionary.
W: You’re right; it does. But it is actually a novel.
M: Wow! The writing is really small. This would take me a year to finish.
W: I’ve been reading for awhile, and I read pretty fast. So, you prefer shorter stories, then?
M: I prefer books on tape. With my schedule, I don’t really have the time to sit down and read.
W: I understand. That’s why I do most of my reading just before bed. What do you listen to?
M: Books that inspire me and teach me new things. Most of the time, I listen to them when I’m driving. Sometimes I listen to them when I’m on along flight.
W: That sounds like a good idea. I could listen to one in the background while I’m cooking.
M: How about this? You recommend a book to me, and I’ll try to read it your way. But you have to listen to one of mine.
W: Deal.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a museum. C. At a hotel.
14. What 1Is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.
15. When will the speakers leave New York?
A. Tomorrow. B. In two days. C. In three days.
16. What does the woman want to do most?
A. Drink some coffee. B. Go to a Broadway show. C. Look around the place.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: This museum is huge! It would take three days for us to go through it. How much time do we have?
M: Only six hours until we have to meet our classmates at the front of the building. Then we will take a bus to the hotel and get ready for dinner at a restaurant.
W：What a busy schedule! That doesn’t leave us much time here. We don’t have any free time to comeback after today， do we?
M: We’re leaving New York in two days, you know. And tomorrow, we’ll go on a boat tour and then attend an evening Broadway show.
W: Too bad! This museum is my favorite spot in this city. Let’s not waste any more time. I want to see as much as we can.
M: Well, I will walk around with you for a few hours, but then I’m going to drink some coffee in the cafeteria. I’m not very interested in art as you are.
W: I’m crazy about the sculptures here. And the old paintings are like pictures from my dreams! I would rather stop eating than miss the chance to look at them.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. How tall does one child have to be to ride the “Waterfall” alone?
A. 48 inches. B. 45 inches. C. 42 inches.
18. Which area in Water World is the largest?
A. Lakeland. B. Rainforest River. C. Oceana.
19. What is the most popular attraction in Oceana?
A. The sink. B. The wave pool. C. The basin.
20 Where does the talk take place?
A. In an amusement center. B. In a national park. C. In a theater.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】Welcome to Water World, the largest waterpark in California. Water World is split into three areas: Lakeland, Rainforest River, and Oceana. Lakeland is a great place for the whole family. Take easy rides on calm lakes and visit the islands at their center. For more adventures, checkout Rainforest River. We have many choices of rafting rides and water tubes to slide down, or try our “Waterfall”.Children must be 48-inch tall to ride alone, and at least 42 inches with an adult. If you are a real thrill-seeker, you can’t miss Oceana. It is the biggest part of our park, and has over 24 rides. Our newest is called “The Sink” and is exactly what you might imagine. Slide around and around a huge basin, and fall 15 feet through the bottom into a large pool. Swim to the deep end, and enjoy our most visited attraction: the wave pool. Waves start every 45 minutes and reach up to 6-foot tall. Lastly, at 10:00 and 12:00, we have a special performance. You can watch the Spanish and pirate ships battle it out on the high seas. It’s all here at Water World!
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Art Institute of Chicago
Visiting time:
The museum is open daily 10:30 a. m.-5:00 p. m. and Thursdays until 8;00 p.m. It is closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day.
Highlights of the Art Institute
●American Art
Discover how artists have expressed many aspects of the American experience through the rich variety of this collection. This tour might include the works of artists like Paul Revere, Winslow Homer and Georgia O’Keeffe, or follow the path of immigrant craftsmen as they created designs for everyday life.
● Impressionism: Monet, Degas, Renoir and More
Drop in the color and excitement of late 19th-century life as you view one of the most admired collections of French Impressionism in the world.
●Hidden Histories
Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or underappreciated for one reason or another. These could be very small works, quiet or out-of-the-way objects.
● Mindfulness Tours
Slow down and take in just a few artworks. This experience includes guided meditation exercises and close, mindful looking exercises to allow participants to be contemplative(沉思的)，collaborative and present with all of their senses.
For families with children
With free admission for kids under 14 and Chicago teens under 18, the Art Institute is the perfect place for a creative outing with the whole family.
Visit the Family Room in the Ryan Education Center, open daily from 10:30 a. m.—5:00 p.m. except Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day and introduce your children to the museum’s collections with a variety of activities. Assemble(组装) puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks, and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an on-site cafe. (Outside food is not allowed in. )
21. On which day can one visit The Art Institute of Chicago?
A. Thanksgiving Day. B. Independence Day.
C. Christmas Day. D. New Year’s Day.
22. What can visitors learn in Hidden Histories?
A. The early stories of some big artists. B. The artworks of some potential artists.
C. Some stories about lesser-known artists. D. Some artworks whose creators are unclear.
23. What can children do in the Family Room?
A. Practice storytelling skills. B. Decorate some masterpieces.
C. Enjoy their home-made food. D. Take part in hands-on activities.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。本文介绍了芝加哥艺术会馆的一些信息。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据“Visiting time”中的“It is closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day.（它在感恩节、圣诞节和元旦闭馆。）”可知， 芝加哥艺术会馆在独立日是开放的。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“Hidden Histories”中的“Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or underappreciated for one reason or another. These could be very small works, quiet or out-of-the-way objects.（听听关于艺术家和他们的作品的故事，他们可能因为这样或那样的原因而被忽视或不被欣赏。这些可以是非常小的作品，安静或偏僻的物体。）”可知，参观者可以了解到一些鲜为人知的艺术家的故事和作品。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Assemble(组装) puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks， and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an on-site cafe. (Outside food is not allowed in. ）（根据博物馆的杰作组装拼图，用彩色积木建造建筑奇迹，通过故事和游戏了解艺术。餐厅内的咖啡厅提供食物。(外面的食物不允许进入。)）”可知，孩子们能参加一些需要动手的活动。故选D。
B
It had already been more than the critical 72 hours seen as a cutoff point for finding Turkish earthquake survivors.
But over 80 hours later, 16-year-old Melda Adtas was pulled out alive, leaving her overjoyed father in tears and the grieving nation cheering a rare piece of good news after Monday’s magnitude —7.8 tremor, which has now left more than 22,000 dead across Turkey and Syria.
Melda’s father felt nothing but relief, as rescuers pulled the teen out of the rubble (碎石). “My dear, my dear!“ he called out, as the watching crowd broke into applause. It took rescue workers five painstaking hours to save her life after neighbors raised the alarm. They had heard sounds from the splintered walls. For Melda and others in Antakya, the biting cold worsened an already desolate situation.
Hopes rose after rescuers found three people alive in the same building, only a floor above Melda. So the rescuers and her panicked father went looking, determined to find the missing girl. When rescuers discovered Melda, she was stuck under a wall that had collapsed.
Suleyman, the man leading her rescue effort, is one of a group of Black Sea miners who headed south to help. Without him, the operation could not have been carried out, his co-workers said. He knows his way around dark, narrow spaces.
Working in silence to maintain contact with Melda, the rescuers removed one obstacle after another, as onlookers watched anxiously. Then all of a sudden, they reached the cold, bruised young girl who was very much alive, and gently brought her to a waiting ambulance.
Several rescuers, wearing helmets, covered in dust and with tired faces, held the stretcher, protecting Melda with a blanket against the cold and prying eyes. Once Melda was safely in the ambulance, many hugged, kissed and congratulated the rescuers. Several could not hold back tears.
“We haven’t worked for nothing. We have pulled a girl from the rubble,” one said.
“God bless you ll!” her father shouted.
24. What can we learn about the earthquake in Turkey?
A. It has resulted in 22,000 deaths.
B. It was Suleyman who located Melda first.
C. The citizens worked in silence in order to locate Melda.
D. There’s little hope for survivors to be found 72 hours after the earthquake.
25. What factors added to the difficulty of saving Melda after the earthquake according to the text?
①Lack of professional rescue teams. ②Low temperature.
③Power cuts and disrupted transportation ④Ruined buildings.
A. ①②④ B. ①③ C. ②④ D. ②③④
26. How did the rescuers behave in the operation?
A. Skillfully and considerately. B. Affectionately and naturally.
C. Sympathetically and independently. D. Awkwardly and cooperatively.
27. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Powerful Earthquake Hits Turkey
B Joy After Girl Pulled Out Alive from Rubble
C. Brave Father Saves His Daughter in Earthquake
D. Rescue Work in Progress After a Deadly Earthquake
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了16岁土耳其女孩Melda在地震后被救的过程。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It had already been more than the critical 72 hours seen as a cutoff point for finding Turkish earthquake survivors.(这已经超过了被视为寻找土耳其地震幸存者的关键72小时)”可知，地震后72小时为黄金救援时间，超过这个时间幸存者存活希望渺茫。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For Melda and others in Antakya, the biting cold worsened an already desolate situation.(对于在安塔基亚的Melda和其他人来说，刺骨的寒冷加剧了本已凄凉的情况)”和第四段中的“When rescuers discovered Melda, she was stuck under a wall that had collapsed.(当救援人员发现Melda时，她被困在一堵倒塌的墙下)”可知，低温天气和坍塌的建筑物增加了救援难度。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Working in silence to maintain contact with Melda, the rescuers removed one obstacle after another, as onlookers watched anxiously.(救援人员默默地与Melda保持联系，清除了一个又一个障碍，旁观者焦急地看着)”和第七段中的“Several rescuers, wearing helmets, covered in dust and with tired faces, held the stretcher, protecting Melda with a blanket against the cold and prying eyes.(几个救援人员戴着头盔，脸上满是灰尘，拖着疲惫的脸，扶着担架，用毯子保护Melda不受冰冷和窥探的眼睛的伤害)”可推知，救援队在救援过程中既专业又考虑周全。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“But over 80 hours later, 16-year-old Melda Adtas was pulled out alive, leaving her overjoyed father in tears and the grieving nation cheering a rare piece of good news after Monday’s magnitude —7.8 tremor, which has now left more than 22,000 dead across Turkey and Syria.(但80多个小时后，16岁的Melda Adtas被活着救了出来，她喜悦万分的父亲泪流满面，悲伤的全国人民在周一7.8级地震后欢呼雀跃，这是一个罕见的好消息。这场地震目前已在土耳其和叙利亚造成22000多人死亡)”结合本文主要介绍了地震后一名16岁少女的被救过程和人们的欣喜之情。故B选项“女孩从废墟中被救出后的喜悦”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said.
Prof Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist (古生物学家) at the University of Edinburgh, suggested the way other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future.
He described the potential plight (境况，困境) of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55m years ago.
Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than plumper animals and can thus better shed (去除) excess heat,” he writes.
Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added: “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures spike pretty quickly, which does raise the question: if temperatures do spike really quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.
In a recent study, researchers studying human remains over the past million years have also suggested that temperature is a major predictor of body size variation, while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller.
However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Prof Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak, while the strong correlations between temperature and mammal body size may often be down to the availability of food and resources.
Lister is also sceptical that humans will shrink as the climate heats. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, and we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.”
28. According to Brusatte, early horses got smaller in body size in order to
A. keep warm B. avoid hunters C. stay cool D. keep balance
29. What does the underlined word “spike” probably mean?
A. Fall. B. Go up. C. Remain steady. D. Change.
30. What is the author’s attitude towards the new finding?
A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Confused. D. Positive.
31. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To demonstrate the relationship between nature and people’s lifestyle.
B. To cast light on the potential impact of changed mammal body size.
C. To introduce the correlations between climate change and human body size.
D. To warn people of the survival crisis mammals are faced with.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是对气候变暖与人类体形之间关系的两种观点。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures(体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升)。根据第三段“He described the potential plight (境况，困境) of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55m years ago.(他将人类的潜在困境描述为与早期马相似的困境，大约5500万年前，随着气温上升，早期马的体型变得越来越小。)”和第四段的“The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than plumper animals and can thus better shed (去除) excess heat(其原因尚不完全清楚，但在某种程度上，可能是因为较小的动物比丰满的动物有更大的表面积，因此可以更好地散热)”可知，早期的马体形变小是为了对抗气温升高。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures(体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升)”和第四段的“That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures(这并不是说每一种哺乳动物都会变小，但这似乎是哺乳动物在温度……时常见的生存技巧)”可知，在温度高的地区，动物体形会变小，这是他们应对气候变化的生存技巧，因此spike意为“升高”，和go up意思相近。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。本文围绕气候变化对哺乳动物体形带来的影响，呈现了两方观点：第四段“Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule.(在《哺乳动物的崛起与统治》一书中，布鲁萨特指出，如今世界上温暖地区的动物通常比寒冷地区的动物小，这是一种被称为伯格曼法则的生态学原理。)”指出Prof Steve Brusatte认为哺乳动物为了应对气温升高而体形变小。根据倒数第二段的“However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Prof Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak, while the strong correlations between temperature and mammal body size may often be down to the availability of food and resources.(然而，并不是所有的专家都同意温度上升会导致哺乳动物萎缩。伦敦自然历史博物馆的Adrian Lister教授说，最近的人类遗骸研究显示的这种关系很弱，而温度和哺乳动物体型之间的强相关性可能往往取决于食物和资源的可获得性。)”可知，Prof Adrian Lister持质疑观点。因此，作者只是客观陈述他人的观点，因此作者的态度应是客观的。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said.(一位著名化石专家称，气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升。)”可知，文章第一段提出气候危机可能导致人类体形变小，第二段至第六段讲到由Prof Steve Brusatte的研究发现气温是导致哺乳动物体形变化的主要因素。最后两段提到Prof Adrian Lister持质疑观点， 认为人类体形变化主要与食物和资源变化有关，因此作者写文章的目的是介绍气候变化与人体尺寸之间的相关性。故选C。
D
The Financial Times app urged me to read the latest headlines. More disturbing, Google News installed itself and did the same thing. Most absurd of all, every single incoming email announced itself with a beep.
This was all simple enough to fix. Text messages and phone calls are now the only apps allowed to interrupt me. Still, it was annoying. I wondered: surely everyone switches off most notifications, right?
Perhaps not, I stumbled upon an essay by Guardian columnist Coco Khan marveling at how much calmer she felt after turning off notifications. She explained that WhatsApp alone had sent her over 100 notifications a day and that she had only silenced the apps because she’d been on holiday, and the phone was buzzing all night.
I read Khan’s account as a cautionary tale for all of us. Humans can adapt to a lot; it’s easy to sleepwalk into a state of chronic stress and distraction without ever reflecting that things could be different.
This seems common. One of the most important findings in behavioral science is that default(默认) settings have an outsize influence over our choices. App makers clearly believe we’ll put up with it, and they may be right.
One study, published in 2015 by researchers at the Technical University of Berlin, found that on average six out of seven smartphone apps were left in their default notification settings. Given how many notifications are valueless, this suggests that in the face of endless notifications, many smartphone users have learnt helplessness.
Of course we sometimes want to know immediately when something has happened. As I am fond of saying, a doorbell is more convenient than going to the door every 90 seconds to see if anyone is there. Although that trade-off would change if the doorbell itself were sounding every few minutes, day and night.
But most of us have too many notifications enabled. “ Notification” is a dishonest euphemism(委婉说法)，anyway. The correct word is “interruption”.
Oliver Burkeman puts it in his book Four Thousand Weeks: our attention is not just a scarce resource; it is life itself.“At the end of your life, looking back, whatever caught your attention from moment to moment is simply what your life will have been.“ Glance at yet another notification, and you are literally paying with your life.
32. How does the author introduce the topic?
A. By providing data. B. By posing a contrast.
C. By making a comparison. D. By describing personal experience.
33. What can we learn about the author and Coco Khan?
A. They preferred a peaceful life to a busy life.
B. They simply turned off their phones to keep themselves calm.
C. Both of them weren’t happy with default settings on smartphones.
D. They were often troubled by unnecessary notifications on their phones.
34. Which is one of the reasons why people live with annoying notifications?
A. Because they are used to them.
B. Because they are under too much stress.
C. Because most of the notifications are valuable.
D. Because they forget to deal with their messages constantly.
35. What can we infer from Oliver Burkeman’s words?
A. It is advisable to live a life without smartphones.
B. Being interrupted by useless notifications is a waste of life.
C. People need to reflect on their choices of smartphone apps.
D. People who have adapted to endless notifications are hopeless.
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了手机通知泛滥的原因和对生活的影响。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“The Financial Times app urged me to read the latest headlines. More disturbing, Google News installed itself and did the same thing. Most absurd of all, every single incoming email announced itself with a beep.(英国《金融时报》应用敦促我阅读最新头条。更令人不安的是，谷歌News自行安装并做了同样的事情。最荒谬的是，每一封收到的电子邮件都会发出哔哔声。)”可知，作者通过描述自己手机通知泛滥的情景，引出话题。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段“ Still, it was annoying. I wondered: surely everyone switches off most notifications, right?（这仍然很烦人。我在想:肯定每个人都会关掉大多数通知吧?）”和第三段最后一句“She explained that WhatsApp alone had sent her over 100 notifications a day and that she had only silenced the apps because she’d been on holiday, and the phone was buzzing all night.（她解释说，仅WhatsApp一天就向她发送了100多条通知，她之所以关闭这些应用程序，是因为她在度假，手机整晚都在嗡嗡作响。）”可知， 作者和Coco Khan经常被无休止的手机通知打扰。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“ App makers clearly believe we’ll put up with it, and they may be right.（应用开发商显然相信我们会忍受这种情况，他们可能是对的。）”和第六段最后一句“Given how many notifications are valueless, this suggests that in the face of endless notifications, many smartphone users have learnt helplessness.（考虑到有多少通知是毫无价值的，这表明面对无休止的通知，许多智能手机用户已经学会了无助。）”可知，人们习惯了忍受无休止的手机通知带来的喧嚣，学会了无奈，而不去反思事情可能会是不同的。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oliver Burkeman puts it in his book Four Thousand Weeks: our attention is not just a scarce resource; it is life itself.“At the end of your life, looking back, whatever caught your attention from moment to moment is simply what your life will have been.“ Glance at yet another notification, and you are literally paying with your life.（奥利弗·伯克曼在他的书《四千周》中写道:我们的注意力不仅仅是一种稀缺资源;这就是生活本身。“在你生命的尽头，回头看，每时每刻吸引你注意力的事情，都是你生命将会有的样子。“再看一眼通知，你真的是在用生命来付出代价。）”可知，Oliver认为分散注意力查看无用通知是在消耗生命。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A parent-child relationship is perhaps the purest of all. ____36____These tips will help you improve your relationship with your parents.
Give them your time. No matter how busy you are with your life, try to make some time for your parents.____37____If you’re living away from them, call them and visit them regularly. For all you know, your one could make their day.
____38____If you are living with your parents, help them with household chores. Do your part or even more. If you are not living together, check on them and help them out by offering to buy groceries, pay bills, etc.
Put yourself in their shoes. Whenever your parents say something that contradicts (与.....矛盾) your opinion, try not to simply agree with them.____39____And try to recognize that they have reason for their views. If possible, take time to explain your point patiently.
Try not to raise your voice at them. These will be times when you disagree with your parents. It is okay to try to help them understand your point of view. However, raising your voice is never a great idea, as it will leave your parents feeling hurt.
Be open with them. As children, we tend to share every detail of our lives with our parents, but as we grow up, we filter out certain things from them. Try to be as honest as possible and let them take part in the most important aspects of your life.____40____
A. Lend a hand with household chores.
B. Call them every day.
C. Let them know you want them to be a part of your life.
D. If the gap is too big, you will become a stranger.
E. It is also the one that goes through several transformations (变化), good or bad.
F. Parents often feel lonely once kids go away to college.
G. Accept the generation gap between you and them.
【答案】36. E 37. F 38. A 39. G 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何改善与父母的关系。
【36题详解】
根据上文“A parent-child relationship is perhaps the purest of all.(亲子关系也许是所有关系中最纯粹的)”和下文“These tips will help you improve your relationship with your parents.(这些建议将帮助你改善与父母的关系)”可知，亲子关系也可能变得不好，E选项“It is also the one that goes through several transformations (变化), good or bad.(它也会经历几次转换，或好或坏)”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“If you’re living away from them, call them and visit them regularly.(如果你住得离他们很远，定期给他们打电话，看望他们)”可知，空格处应该陈述孩子离开父母的某种情况，F选项“Parents often feel lonely once kids go away to college.(一旦孩子离开家上大学，父母往往会感到孤独)”符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段主题句，根据下文“If you are living with your parents, help them with household chores.(如果你和父母住在一起，帮助他们做家务)”可知，本段的建议是帮助父母做家务。A选项“Lend a hand with household chores.(帮忙做家务)”可作为主题句，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上网呢“Whenever your parents say something that contradicts (与.....矛盾) your opinion, try not to simply agree with them.(当你的父母说了一些与你的观点相矛盾的事情时，试着不要简单地赞同他们)”和下文“And try to recognize that they have reason for their views. If possible, take time to explain your point patiently.(试着承认他们的观点是有道理的。如果可能的话，花点时间耐心地解释你的观点)”推知，空格处应该说面对和父母观点不一致时正确的做法，G选项“Accept the generation gap between you and them.(接受你和他们之间的代沟)”是面对和父母观点不一致的正确做法，是祈使句，和空后的祈使句在句型上一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
【40题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Try to be as honest as possible and let them take part in the most important aspects of your life.(尽量诚实，让他们参与到你生活中最重要的方面)”推知，空格处也应该说让父母参与你的生活的相关内容，C选项“Let them know you want them to be a part of your life.(让他们知道你想让他们成为你生活的一部分)”和空前内容一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was about nine or ten years old, I began to notice that I couldn’t read well and I couldn’t do simple math problems. I got____41____and I couldn’t keep up with the expectations of the class. My parents noticed that something was ____42____, and I was taken to some people who eventually____43____me with Dyslexia(失读症), ADHD(多动定), and other big words that I didn’t know. One day my mom told me that I was going to look at some schools and I enrolled at this private school- Greenwood.
Now five years later I know that my family and I made the____44____choice. I feel that I have gained many skills. I would be lost if I were____45____in public school. Greenwood offers a unique opportunity that we are all____46____to have in our lives.
I have____47____here. This has been my second home for so long, and saying good bye is going to be one of the ____48____things that I have had to do, but I____49____to. ____50____I am excited to be here about to continue my journey, I am also sad; this has truly been a life changing experience that I will never____51____.
Finally, I just want to say to everybody: Life at Greenwood is by no means ____52____. There is no way that it can ____53____, and that’s what makes it special. We are one big family, and like all families we don’t always____54____, and we don’t always think that some things are fair. But in the end we are there for each other, and that’s what____55____
41. A. relieved B. upset C. confident D. angry
42. A. different B. practical C. laughable D. promising
43. A. helped B. diagnosed C. provided D. trusted
44. A. careful B. strange C. right D. difficult
45. A. rarely B. never C. still D. even
46. A. ashamed B. regretful C. anxious D. fortunate
47. A. turned up B. grown up C. packed up D. opened up
48. A. hardest B. most scary C. greatest D. most pleasant
49. A. need B. have C. love D. seem
50. A. While B. Because C. If D. So
51. A. forget B. hate C. accept D. appreciate
52. A. busy B. harmonious C. perfect D. interesting
53. A. impress B. ignore C. save D. be
54. A. get around B. get away C. get along D. get ahead
55. A. disturbs B. earns C. hurts D. counts
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. C 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大约九岁或十岁的时候，开始注意到自己不能很好地阅读，不能做简单的数学题。很沮丧，无法跟上班级的期望。作者的父母注意到有些事情不一样，最终诊断作者患有阅读障碍症(失读症)，多动症(多动定)。五年后的今天，作者家人做出了正确的选择。给作者报名参加了所私立学校——格林伍德。作者学到了很多技能。
【详解】1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧，我无法跟上班级的期望。A. relieved如释重负的；B. upset沮丧的；C. confident自信的；D. angry生气的。根据上文的“I couldn’t do simple math problems”和下文的“I couldn’t keep up with the expectations of the class”可知，这令作者很沮丧。故选B。
2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母注意到有些事情不一样，我被带到一些人那里，他们最终诊断我患有阅读障碍症(失读症)，多动症(多动定)，以及其他我不认识的大词。A. different不同的；B. practical切合实际的；C. laughable可笑的；D. promising 有前途的。根据“ One day my mom told me that I was going to look at some schools and I enrolled at this private school- Greenwood.”可知作者的父母觉察出作者(跟别的孩子)不一样。故选A。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母注意到有些事情不一样，我被带到一些人那里，他们最终诊断我患有阅读障碍症(失读症)，多动症(多动定)，以及其他我不认识的大词。A. helped帮助；B. diagnosed诊断；C. provided提供；D. trusted相信。根据Dyslexia(失读症), ADHD(多动定)可知，这些是疾病, 所以选diagnosed(诊断)。故选B。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五年后的今天，我知道我和我的家人做出了正确的选择。A. careful小心的；B. strange奇怪的；C. right正确的；D. difficult困难的。根据“ I feel that I have gained many skills.”作者表达了对自己在Greenwood的学习生活是满意的可知，换学校这个决定是正确的。故选C。
5.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我还在公立学校上学，我仍然会很迷茫的。A. rarely很少；B. never从未；C. still仍然；D. even甚至。根据第一段最后“I enrolled at this private school- Greenwood.”可知，Greenwood是一所私立学校，根据上文的“lost”可知，如果我还在公立学校上学，我仍然会很迷茫的。故选C。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格林伍德提供了一个独特的机会，我们都很幸运地在我们的生活中拥有这个机会。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. regretful后悔的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. fortunate幸运的。根据上文的“gained many skills”，“offers a unique opportunity”等表达可知，作者能在新学校能够学到技能，学校给作者提供机会对于作者是幸运的事情。故选D。
7.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在这里成长。A. turned up出现；B. grown up长大，成长；C. packed up打包；D. opened up打开。根据第二段“Now five years later I know that ”可知，作者在这里度过5年时间。故选B。
8.考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：这么长时间以来，这里一直是我的第二个家，说再见将是我不得不做的最艰难的事情之一，但我必须这么做。A. hardest最难的；B. most scary最吓人的；C. greatest最大的；D. most pleasant最愉悦的。根据“ This has been my second home for so long, ”可知，作者留恋第二个家，说再见将是我不得不做的最艰难的事情之一。故选A。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这么长时间以来，这里一直是我的第二个家，说再见将是我不得不做的最艰难的事情之一，但我必须这么做。A. need需要；B. have拥有；C. love爱；D. seem似乎。根据“continue my journey”可知，作者不得不离开。have to “不得不”。故选B。
10.考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很兴奋能在这里继续我的旅程，但我也很难过;这真的是一次改变人生的经历，我永远不会忘记。A. While尽管；B. Because因为；C. If 如果；D. So因此。根据“I am excited”以及“I am also sad”可知，此处应该是“虽然”的意思。故选A。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很兴奋能在这里继续我的旅程，但我也很难过;这真的是一次改变人生的经历，我永远不会忘记。A. forget 忘记；B. hate痛恨；C. accept接受；D. appreciate感激。根据“this has truly been a life changing experience”表现作者的不舍，不会忘记。故选A。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我想对大家说:在格林伍德的生活绝不是完美的。A.busy 繁忙的；B. harmonious 和谐的；C. perfect 完美的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文的“we don’t always think that some things are fair”可推出，这是不完美的地方。故选C。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能的，这就是它的特别之处。A.impress印象深刻；B. ignore忽视；C. save节省； D. be是。 There is no way that it can be(perfect) 省略了形容词perfect，前面是be动词。故选D。
14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们是一个大家庭，像所有的家庭一样，我们并不总是相处融洽，我们并不总是认为有些事情是公平的。A. get around传播；B. get away远离；C. get along相处；D. get ahead提前。根据下文的“we don’t always think that some things are fair”可知，和所有家庭一样会有相处不融洽的时候。故选C。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最终我们会彼此支持，这才是最重要的。A. disturbs打扰；B. earns赢得；C. hurts伤害；D. counts重要。根据“But in the end we are there for each other”可知，重要的是我们彼此支持。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Music has strong effects on us and different music has different effects. Faster music helps us concentrate better. Lively music makes us feel more pleased. And slower music____56____(quiet) our mind and makes us relax.
New findings show that music around 60 beats a minute can cause the brain to synchronize (合拍) with the beat, ____57____(cause) alpha brainwaves. This wave will appear when we are relaxed. Researchers at Stanford University have said that listening to music can change our brain activities and____58____music can be reached easily, making____59____a helpful stress____60____(reduce) tool.
What type of music reduces stress greatly? A bit surprising: Drums and flutes (长笛) can have positive effects on relaxing the mind even when____61____(play) a little loud. Sounds of rain and thunder may also be relaxing especially when mixed with other music, such as light jazz and classical music.
How can we choose the music that is best for us? The answer depends on ourselves. We could start by____62____(simple) exploring the music on the web page. Just choose the music____63____can calm us down and make us feel relaxed. But remember that quieting our mind does not mean we will feel____64____(sleep) listening to the music. It means our brain and body are relaxed. And_____65_____our new calm self, we can then do our best in many activities.
【答案】56. quiets
57. causing
58. that 59. it
60. reduction##reducing
61. played 62. simply
63. that##which
64. sleepy 65. with
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐对我们有强烈的影响，不同的音乐有不同的影响。快节奏的音乐有助于我们更好地集中注意力。活泼的音乐使我们感到更高兴。慢节奏的音乐让我们的大脑安静下来，让我们放松。
【56题详解】
考查时态。句意：慢节奏的音乐让我们的大脑安静下来，让我们放松。作谓语，结合后文makes可知为一般现在时，主语为slower music，谓语用三单形式。故填quiets。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新发现表明，每分钟60拍左右的音乐可以使大脑与节拍同步，从而产生阿尔法脑电波。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且作结果状语应用现在分词。故填causing。
【58题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员说，听音乐可以改变我们的大脑活动，而且音乐很容易接触，这使它成为一种有用的减压工具。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that且第二个宾语从句的连词that不能省略。故填that。
【59题详解】
考查it用法。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员说，听音乐可以改变我们的大脑活动，而且音乐很容易接触，这使它成为一种有用的减压工具。指代前文提到的music应用代词it。故填it。
【60题详解】
考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：斯坦福大学研究人员说，听音乐可以改变我们的大脑活动，而且音乐很容易接触，这使它成为一种有用的减压工具。此处作定语修饰tool，表示“减压”可用名词reduction，或-ing形式reducing。故填reduction/reducing。
【61题详解】
考查省略句。句意：有点令人惊讶的是：鼓和笛子即使演奏得有点大声，也能对放松大脑有积极的作用。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，相当于省略了Drums and flutes are。故填played。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们可以从简单地探索网页上的音乐开始。修饰动词explore应用副词simply，作状语。故填simply。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：只要选择能让我们平静下来，让我们感到放松的音乐。定语从句修饰先行词music，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
【64题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但请记住，让我们的大脑安静下来并不意味着我们听音乐会感到困倦。作表语，应用形容词sleepy。故填sleepy。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：有了新的冷静的自己，我们就能在许多活动中做到最好。此处为with十n.结构，作状语。故填with。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是某国际学校校报的编辑。你们栏目准备创办主题为“Heroes Around Me”的征文活动，邀请同学们投稿讲述身边楷模的故事。请你用英文写一则征稿启事，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.稿件要求(内容、词数等)；
3.截止时间及交稿方式。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Contributions Wanted
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
School English Newspaper
【答案】Contributions Wanted
In a bid to share inspiring stories about heroes and let the whole school learn from them, our school newspaper is expecting writings with the theme of “Heroes Around Me”. Here are some related details.
Everyone is welcome to write articles about a hero around you. Your article is required to include the hero’s name, his/her great spirit and heroic deeds that touch you and your article should be delivered before the deadline. What you write should be accurate and real. Besides, essays contributed are supposed to be limited within 300 words and written in English only. And remember to submit your essays to Englishcorner@126.com before May 30.
Looking forward to your active participation.
School English Newspaper
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇征稿，要求考生以某国际学校校报编辑的身份，向同学们征集主题为“Heroes Around Me”的征文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
讲述：share→ relate
文章：writings → essays
相关的：related→ relevant
创作：write→ compose
2.句式拓展
简单句变非谓语动词短语作状语
原句：Your article is required to include the hero’s name, his/her great spirit and heroic deeds that touch you and your article should be delivered before the deadline.
拓展句：Required to include the hero’s name, his/her great spirit and heroic deeds that touch you, your article should be delivered before the deadline.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What you write should be accurate and real.（主语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, essays contributed are supposed to be limited within 300 words and written in English only.（非谓语动词作后置定语、被动语态）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little car was crowded with kids: my brothers and sisters. We fought, debated and cried, making much noise. Being part of a big family was really starting to annoy me. For example, my brothers and sisters knocked on the bathroom door all the time. How I wanted to be the only child in my family.
As the car rolled down the small road, my mom said cheerfully, “The pool is three minutes away. You’ll have much time to swim.” Swimming was a peaceful activity. I could float on my back and look at the sky. I could pretend I was the only person in the world. Mom parked the car beside a small row of other cars. “One at a time,” she yelled before the car doors opened. Nobody listened. The car doors all flew open at once. After pushing, yelling and crying, we came out.
I quickly pulled off my jeans, T-shirt, socks and shoes, and finally put on my swimsuit. “Yeah!” I yelled as I jumped into the big natural pool with small stones on its floor. Cold water struck my face. I put my head under the water, which shot up my nose. After standing up again, I dropped backward into the water and began to float. The water sat around my cars, smooth and silent. The sun warmed my face.
I was like a leaf floating in a large pool peacefully. Everything was silent under water. For the moment, I felt I was the only child there. I didn’t have to share things like snacks with other kids. My stomach made a noise at the thought of food. Hadn’t Mom packed a huge bag of chips for our snack? I stood up to walk to shore.
Oh! Dark sandy water suddenly filled my mouth and covered my head. The rocky ground was gone; I was pushed into the deep, dark water. I tried to kick to the surface. As my face peeked out (微露出) from under the water, I took a deep breath. I tried to swim and leave the deep water. But it didn’t work. I only knew how to float.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
The water closed over my head again.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
I could feel my body moving upward as a familiar hand started to pull me through the water.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
The water closed over my head again. I struggled to move both my hands and legs. I thought about my mom. What would she do if she couldn’t find me? What about my brothers and sisters? When thinking, I didn’t know the noise produced by my hands and legs’ moving attracted my brothers and sisters’ attention. Before long, I felt the water moving around me. Something warm and strong touched my hand. Was it a shark in the pool? No, it was someone’s hand.
I could feel my body moving upward as a familiar hand started to pull me through the water. It pulled until I could feel the ground under my feet, and I came onto the shore. “We did it! ” yelled one of my brothers as I looked up and saw my mother holding my hand. I learned she and other kids made a human chain so that she could get me. I was speechless. Kids ran all around me, jumping, running and screaming. Maybe this great big crazy family wasn’t so crazy. After all, they were the human chain. Because of them, I was out of danger.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一个大家庭的一员，作者很恼怒。在去游泳时，作者享受独自一个人的时间，感到非常惬意。但在试图离开深水区时，作者发生了危险，无法浮出水面了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“水又淹没了我的头。”可知，第一段可描写作者在水中努力挣扎，声音吸引了兄弟姐妹的注意，有人抓住了作者的手。
②由第二段首句内容“当一只熟悉的手开始把我拉出水面时，我能感觉到我的身体在向上移动。”可知，第二段可描写作者发觉是家人救了自己，他们很开心，作者领悟到家庭成员虽然吵闹，但他们也是非常重要的。
2.续写线索：作者挣扎——吸引家人——被抓住手——拉出水面——家人开心——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想到：think about/think of
②吸引某人的注意：attract one’s attention/draw one’s attention
③抓着我的手：hold my hand/grab my hand
情绪类
①温暖的：warm/mild
②大声喊：yell/shout
点睛】【高分句型1】What would she do if she couldn’t find me?（由if引导条件状语从句）
【高分句型2】I learned she and other kids made a human chain so that she could get me.（由省that（已省略）引导宾语从句，由so that引导目的状语从句）