2023温州新力量联盟高二下学期期末联考英语试题含解析

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2022学年第二学期温州新力量联盟期末联考
高二年级英语学科试题
考生须知：
1. 本卷共10页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where will the speakers probably spend the weekend?
A. On a beach. B. In a forest. C. In their city.
2. What will the man do on Thursday?
A. Have an interview. B. Attend a meeting. C. Go to the town.
3. Why doesn’t Kelly want to try that roller coaster?
A. She doesn’t want to go by herself.
B. She has been on it before.
C. She is afraid of it.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. How to make a paper plane. B. How to recycle rubbish. C. How to book a flight.
5. What does the man think of Professor White’s presentation?
A. It’s novel. B. It’s a bit boring. C. It’s greatly inspiring.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why does Tony ask for a recommendation?
A. He loves rock music.
B. He is planning a birthday treat.
C. He wants to have fun with friends.
7. What does Jane say about the tickets?
A. They can be expensive.
B. They currently cost less.
C. They have probably sold out.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What will Sarah get for her overtime hours?
A. A two-day holiday. B. An extra payment. C. A big dinner.
9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Manager and worker. B. Doctor and patient. C. Brother and sister.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a bank. B. In a radio station. C. In a department store.
11. What kind of clock does the woman want to buy?
A. One that is operated by batteries.
B. One that is made of wood.
C. One that has a loud sound.
12. What will the woman do next?
A. Replace the battery of her clock. B. Go to another store. C. Pay by credit card.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. What are the speakers celebrating?
A. A holiday. B. Elizabeth’s birthday. C. A restaurant’s opening.
14. What will the speakers probably serve first?
A. Biscuits. B. Vegetables. C. Ice cream.
15. Which dish is today’s special?
A. Roasted fish. B. Chicken soup. C. Salad.
16. Which drink will the guests have besides water?
A. Coffee. B. Wine. C. Juice.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What do we know about the classes?
A. They can be attended on the Internet.
B. They have 10 different levels.
C. They start in August.
18. What is the maximum number of students in a group class?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 20.
19. How can students move up through the levels?
A. By paying more money. B. By finishing a report. C. By taking a placement test.
20. What will the speaker probably do next?
A. Conduct a class.
B. Respond to some questions.
C. Present a native English speaker.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Among the works of art ever created by human hands, there are those masterpieces that have left their mark on the history of mankind forever. These artworks have always inspired millions of people for creative daring and new creative discoveries.
Mona Lisa
Probably the most famous painting in the world is Leonardo da Vinci’s La Gioconda, better known as Mona Lisa. This painting is an image of Madame Gherardini, the ideal woman of the Renaissance. And it suffered from being damaged, stolen and even hung in Napoleon’s bedroom. The painting is officially announced priceless, as this masterpiece is the best art of all time. Mona Lisa is currently kept in the Louvre, Paris.
The Birth of Venus
Another of the most famous paintings is the Birth of Venus. Botticelli’s painting illustrates the myth of the birth of Aphrodite. The beautiful goddess floats to the shore in a sea shell and on the shore she is met by one of the Graces. The Birth of Venus is well preserved thanks to the fact that Botticelli applied a protective layer of egg yolk (蛋黄) to the painting. This masterpiece is kept in Florence in the Uffizi Gallery.
The Persistence of Memory
According to the author himself, the picture was painted as a result of abstract associations that Dali had at the sight of processed cheese. Gala predicted quite correctly that no one, once having seen the Persistence of Memory, will forget it. This outstanding painting is located in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Girl with a Pearl Earring
It’s an oil painting on canvas (画布) by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer, one of his most well-known works. It describes an imaginary young woman in exotic (异国情调的) dress and a very large pearl earring. The work permanently stays in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague.
1. Which picture experienced a lot in its being preserved process?
A. Mona Lisa. B. The Birth of Venus.
C. The Persistence of Memory. D. Girl with a Pearl Earring.
2. How is the Birth of Venus well preserved?
A. By being painted on canvas.
B. By being kept in Florence.
C. With permanent care.
D. With a protective layer of egg of yolk.
3. Where will you probably find the text?
A. In a novel. B. In a fairy tale.
C. In a magazine. D. In a book review.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅名画。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mona Lisa部分中“And it suffered from being damaged, stolen and even hung in Napoleon’s bedroom.(它遭受了损坏，被盗，甚至挂在拿破仑的卧室里)”可知，Mona Lisa在保存过程中经历了很多。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Birth of Venus部分中“The Birth of Venus is well preserved thanks to the fact that Botticelli applied a protective layer of egg yolk (蛋黄) to the painting.(《维纳斯的诞生》之所以保存得很好，是因为波提切利在画作上涂了一层蛋黄保护层)”可知，因为有一层蛋黄的保护层，所以《维纳斯的诞生》保存得很好。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Among the works of art ever created by human hands, there are those masterpieces that have left their mark on the history of mankind forever. These artworks have always inspired millions of people for creative daring and new creative discoveries.(在人类创造的艺术作品中，有一些杰作在人类历史上留下了永远的印记。这些艺术品一直激励着数以百万计的人进行创造性的大胆尝试和新的创造性发现)”及下文可知，文章介绍了四幅名画。由此推知，本文可能出自与艺术相关的杂志。故选C项。
B
My mother always told me, “You should explore your own country before stepping out into the world.” However, it seems like a tough mission to travel all across its expansive surfaces. But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of July. The ticket was a bargain $150. My best friends Trevor, Joel and Jeremy and I immediately jumped at the opportunity and secured four tickets on the great Canadian railroad.
For a group of 20-year-olds, this was like the first flight of young birds from the nest. When we approached the train station in the morning, our 22-day adventure from Sudbury to Vancouver was to begin. Eyes baggy from lack of sleep, we jumped on board as if it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter. Although the thought of three full days on those tracks covering close to 3, 000 kilometres crushed our spirits a little, what happened next caught us by surprise.
The three days on board turned into a summer camp on rails. At night, we would climb up the glass-domed train car, which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky, untouched by the harmful light pollution. Before we knew it, the warm sun rays beating down on our faces woke us up for another day on the rails. To my surprise, a sea of golden grain fields dominated the landscape we were in the Canadian Prairies.
Another day slipped away and we set up for another night in the dome (圆顶状物). And this time we were greeted by night sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm. Lightning was striking at an incredible rate. The spectacular and memorable light show left everyone in the glass bubble in complete disbelief.
Arriving in the Rocky Mountains was one of the most surreal experiences of my life. Before the train adventure, if I could have skipped the travel and arrived at the destination, I would have. That is no longer true. I’ve learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.
4. What has made the author’s train adventure across Canada a reality?
A. The encouragement given by his mother.
B. The discount ticket offered by Via Rail Canada.
C. The appeal of the scenic views in the country.
D. His great courage to challenge a tough mission.
5 What can we infer about the young people from Paragraph 2?
A. They left their parents for the first time in their life.
B. They never thought of having a train adventure.
C. They were hooked by the magic story of Harry Potter.
D. They were excited about the coming train journey.
6. What does “the glass bubble” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. The glass-domed train car. B. The sightseeing tour.
C. A state of excitement. D. A summer camp on the train.
7. What did the author learn from the train adventure across Canada?
A. The destination is what matters.
B. Adventurous journey attracts young people.
C. Enjoying a journey counts a lot.
D. The traveling experience is not real to him.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者和朋友乘坐火车穿越加拿大的经历，描述了他们在路途中的所见所闻和感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, it seems like a tough mission to travel all across its expansive surfaces. But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of July. The ticket was a bargain $150.(然而，穿越它广阔的表面似乎是一项艰巨的任务。但对我来说幸运的是，Via Rail Canada为18至25岁的年轻人提供了在7月份乘坐火车穿越加拿大的机会。票价便宜到150美元。)”可知，是加拿大Via铁路公司提供的折扣票让作者穿越加拿大的火车冒险变成了现实。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“For a group of 20-year-olds, this was like the first flight of young birds from the nest. When we approached the train station in the morning, our 22-day adventure from Sudbury to Vancouver was to begin. Eyes baggy from lack of sleep, we jumped on board as if it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter.(对于一群20多岁的年轻人来说，这就像是雏鸟第一次从巢里飞出来。当我们早上到达火车站时，我们从Sudbury到Vancouver的22天冒险就要开始了。由于睡眠不足，我们的眼睛都肿了起来，我们跳上了火车，就好像是《哈利波特》里开往霍格沃茨的火车。)”可推知，年轻人对即将到来的火车旅行很兴奋。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“At night, we would climb up the glass-domed train car, which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky, untouched by the harmful light pollution.(晚上，我们会爬上玻璃圆顶车厢，在那里我们可以看到满天星斗的夜空，没有受到有害的光污染。)”以及划线短语上文And this time we were greeted by night sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm. Lightning was striking at an incredible rate. The spectacular and memorable light show left everyone可知，这次迎接我们的是描绘着梦幻般的雷雨的夜空。闪电以令人难以置信的速度袭来。壮观而难忘的光影秀让“the glass bubble”里的每个人都难以置信。由此可知，“the glass bubble”指的是玻璃穹顶的火车车厢。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.(我明白了旅途比目的地更令人愉快。)”可推知，作者从穿越加拿大的火车冒险中学到了享受一段旅程很重要。故选C。
C
An expert has revealed whether carrots truly help you see in the dark and if an apple a day actually keeps the doctor away.
Nutritionist Lily Soutter also clarifies if it really takes seven years to digest chewing gum (口香糖), whether you can swim after eating and if fish is good for the brain.
She confirms that while carrots contain lots of vitamin A, which helps maintain healthy vision, they don’t help you see any better in the dark. Similarly, enjoying an apple a day won’t in itself reduce your chances of needing to visit a doctor, and chewing gum doesn’t take seven years to leave your system. And sadly, eating celery (芹菜) doesn’t burn more calories than you gain from eating it, despite 23 percent believing it to be the case.
Yogurt maker Onken teamed up with Lily. They conducted a survey of 2,000 people, finding half of them are “confused” about food fact and fiction.
Onken said, “Many of us rely on what we remember from school when it comes to nutrition. But we’re learning new things all the time about what different foods do for our health, such as the benefit of fermented (发酵的) foods to our gut and immune system. While some of what’s passed down over generations is super advice, some of it isn’t.”
The study also found that swimming right after eating is wrongly believed by 34 percent of adults to be something you shouldn’t do. In fact, it’s exercising to high intensity immediately after eating that should be avoided, as it can give you a sudden pain.
Almost half believe fish is good for the brain. They’re right, as long as they’re eating oily fish, because essential omega-3 fatty acids in oily fish contribute to normal brain function. Other “fake news” wrongly believed by many of those surveyed include eating chicken soup helps if you have a cold (27%) and drinking fruit juice is as healthy as eating whole fruit (17%).
8. What can we learn about Lily Soutter’s findings?
A. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
B. Eating celery surely helps us lose weight.
C. Eating carrots contributes to healthy vision.
D. Carrots help us see things better in the dark.
9. Why is Onken mentioned in the text?
A. To appeal to more people to find right food facts.
B. To inform people of the benefit of fermented foods.
C. To prove there are many makers working with Lily.
D. To point out many people’s mistaken nutrition ideas.
10. What attitude should we take to the nutrition ideas passed down over generations?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Indifferent. D. Cautious.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Learning New Things Is Vital to Health
B. How to Fight “Fake News” About Health
C. Welcome to the Most Popular Food Myths
D. Nutritionist Reveals Truth About Food Myths
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了营养学家Lily Soutter通过研究揭露了一些食物营养真相，指出人们长久以来的一些错误营养观念。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Nutritionist Lily Soutter also clarifies if it really takes seven years to digest chewing gum (口香糖), whether you can swim after eating and if fish is good for the brain.(营养学家Lily Soutter也澄清了消化口香糖是否真的需要七年时间，吃完后是否可以游泳，以及鱼是否对大脑有益。)”以及第三段“She confirms that while carrots contain lots of vitamin A, which helps maintain healthy vision, they don’t help you see any better in the dark. Similarly, enjoying an apple a day won’t in itself reduce your chances of needing to visit a doctor, and chewing gum doesn’t take seven years to leave your system. And sadly, eating celery (芹菜) doesn’t burn more calories than you gain from eating it, despite 23 percent believing it to be the case.(她证实，虽然胡萝卜含有大量的维生素A，有助于保持健康的视力，但它们并不能帮助你在黑暗中看得更清楚。同样，每天吃一个苹果本身不会减少你去看医生的机会，口香糖也不需要7年才能离开你的身体。可悲的是，吃芹菜燃烧的卡路里并不比你从吃它中获得的卡路里多，尽管23%的人认为是这样。)”可知，吃胡萝卜有助于保持健康的视力。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Yogurt maker Onken teamed up with Lily. They conducted a survey of 2,000 people, finding half of them are ‘confused’ about food fact and fiction.(酸奶制造商Onken与Lily合作。他们对2000人进行了一项调查，发现其中一半的人对食物的事实和虚构感到‘困惑’。)”以及第五段“Onken said, ‘Many of us rely on what we remember from school when it comes to nutrition. But we’re learning new things all the time about what different foods do for our health, such as the benefit of fermented (发酵的) foods to our gut and immune system. While some of what’s passed down over generations is super advice, some of it isn’t.’(Onken说：‘谈到营养，我们中的许多人都依赖于我们在学校学到的东西。但我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，比如发酵食物对我们的肠道和免疫系统的好处。虽然有些是代代相传的超级建议，但有些则不是。’)”可知Onken认为我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，代代相传的或者依赖在学校时记忆的营养观念有些是错误的，由此可知，提到Onken是为了指出许多人错误的营养观念。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Onken said, ‘Many of us rely on what we remember from school when it comes to nutrition. But we’re learning new things all the time about what different foods do for our health, such as the benefit of fermented (发酵的) foods to our gut and immune system. While some of what’s passed down over generations is super advice, some of it isn’t.’(Onken说：‘谈到营养，我们中的许多人都依赖于我们在学校学到的东西。但我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，比如发酵食物对我们的肠道和免疫系统的好处。虽然有些是代代相传的超级建议，但有些则不是。’)”可知代代相传下来的一些营养观念有些是正确的，有些不是；由此可知，对待这些营养观念应持谨慎态度。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“An expert has revealed whether carrots truly help you see in the dark and if an apple a day actually keeps the doctor away.(近日，一位专家揭示了胡萝卜是否真的能帮助你在黑暗中看清东西，以及一天一个苹果是否真的能让你远离医生。)”、第二段“Nutritionist Lily Soutter also clarifies if it really takes seven years to digest chewing gum (口香糖), whether you can swim after eating and if fish is good for the brain.(营养学家Lily Soutter也澄清了消化口香糖是否真的需要七年时间，吃完后是否可以游泳，以及鱼是否对大脑有益。)”以及下文对于研究发现的详细阐述，可知本文主要介绍了营养学家Lily Soutter通过研究揭露了一些食物营养的真相，指出人们长久以来的一些错误营养观念；D选项“Nutritionist Reveals Truth About Food Myths(营养学家揭示食物神话的真相)”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳文章标题。故选D。
D
Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve’s new wife Betty, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn’t hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.
Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there’s no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I’m finished or fail to take your turn when I’m finished. That’s what was happening with Betty and Sara.
It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping. And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in—and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one’s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
12. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?
A. Americans. B. Israelis. C. The British. D. The Finns.
13. We can learn from the passage that __________.
A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing
B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US
C. one’s inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes
D. one should receive training to build up one’s confidence
14. The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means __________.
A. being willing to speak one’s mind
B. being able to increase one’s power
C. being ready to make one’s own judgment
D. being quick to express one’s ideas confidently
15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. People from Finland tend to pause shorter than those from Britain.
B. Conversational techniques such as pacing and pausing may cause people to jump to conclusions about one’s character and capabilities.
C. People in a conversation are expected to take turns in speaking.
D. Different conversational habits may lead to a breakdown in communication.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以两个例子来说明谈话风格上的细微差别——比如几微秒的停顿和语速——可以对一个人的生活产生重大影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.(贝蒂预计更长的停顿时间，她是英国人，而萨拉预计换人更短的停顿时间，她是美国人，这可能并非巧合。但是贝蒂自己成为了一个打断者，当她遇到一位来自芬兰的访客时，她发现自己主要是在说话。萨拉很难打断一些来自拉丁美洲或以色列的演讲者。)”可知，期待最短的停顿说明说话最快，即以色列人说话最快，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“While Sara felt Betty didn’t hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. (当萨拉觉得贝蒂没有完成她的谈话时，贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说，萨拉从来没有给过她说话的机会。这个问题与对节奏和停顿的预期有关。)”和第四段中“The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities.(那么，一般的现象是，像节奏和停顿这样的小型会话技巧，导致人们得出的结论不是关于会话风格，而是关于个性和能力。)”可知，短暂的停顿和快速的节奏会导致交流中断，故选A。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.(虽然在国内她被认为是外向和自信的，但在华盛顿她被认为是害羞和退隐的。当她在年底接受评估时，她被告知参加一个培训课程，因为她不能大声说话。)”和最后一段中“The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.(这个案例的结果是对心理问题的判断——即使是在这个女人自己的心里，她真的想知道自己出了什么问题，并登记参加了assertiveness训练。)”可知，案例中的主人在华盛顿她被认为是害羞和退隐的，因为她不能大声说话，所以她被告知参加一个培训课程，由此可推知，该培训是训练她自信大声且迅速来表达自己的，划线单词assertiveness与D项“自信地迅速表达自己的想法”意思一样，故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities.(那么，一般的现象是，像节奏和停顿这样的小型会话技巧，导致人们得出的结论不是关于会话风格，而是关于个性和能力。)”可知，B项正确；根据第二段中“Conversation is a turn-taking game.(谈话是轮流进行的游戏。)”可知，C项正确；根据最后一段中“That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one’s life.(这就是为什么谈话风格上的细微差别——比如几微秒的停顿——可以对一个人的生活产生重大影响。)”可知，D项正确；文中只有第三段中“But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.(但是贝蒂自己成为了一个打断者，当她遇到一位来自芬兰的访客时，她发现自己主要是在说话。萨拉很难打断一些来自拉丁美洲或以色列的演讲者。)”提到芬兰人，可知，作为英国人的贝蒂一直在说话，这并不能说明芬兰人在说话时停顿的时间较短，A项“来自芬兰的人往往比来自英国的人停顿的时间短。”不符合原文意思，表达不正确，故选A。




第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Be A Responsible Camper
Being a responsible camper is about more than just respecting your neighbors and observing the boundaries set by campsites. ____16____ Please keep sustainable camping guidelines in mind while planning a trip into the great outdoors.
Leave no trace. ____17____ Follow the principles: “take only pictures, leave only footprints“. Most “leave no trace” principles focus on reducing our impact on the natural environment. Following the same rules for hiking and other outdoor recreational activities is one of the best ways to show your respect for a natural destination.
____18____ Harmful sunscreen chemicals can negatively affect dry land as well. They can pollute bodies of water and may take many years to break down in the natural environment, so be mindful of what you put on your bodies before jumping into that lake. As a rule of thumb, always stay at least 200 feet away from any water source while using soap or toothpaste.
Respect the wildlife. If you’re camping in a popular area with plenty of people around, it’s easy to forget that you’re actually sharing space with wild animal habitats. Animals that get too used to humans can get reliant, which disrupts the natural balance of things within their ecosystems. Sometimes, too much interaction with people can make animals more aggressive or lead to more human-wildlife conflicts. Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife. ____19____
Practice fire safety. While this is especially relevant on the west coast of the United States, where wildfire season is most threatening, fire safety should always be a top priority while camping. ____20____ In areas known for having greater fire danger, it pays to have a shovel or a bucket of water handy to take care of any runaway flames.
A. Keep waterways clean.
B. Aim for zero waste.
C. Only build fires in designated fire pits or rings.
D. And most importantly, remember never to feed wild animals.
E. Taking your campsite off the beaten path may sound adventurous.
F. It’s about having the lowest impact possible on the surrounding environment.
G. Always leave your campsite the same (or better) than you found it.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍露营时要注意的事项。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Being a responsible camper is about more than just respecting your neighbors and observing the boundaries set by campsites. (作为一个负责任的露营者，不仅仅是尊重你的邻居，遵守露营地设定的界限)”推知，空处提出露营时还要注意什么。选项F“这是关于尽可能减少对周围环境的影响”和上文意思一致。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Leave no trace. (不留痕迹)”可知，这一段建议人们不要再离开时留下垃圾之类对环境有影响的东西。选项G“离开你的露营地时，一定要和你发现的一样（或更好）”和上文意思一致。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Harmful sunscreen chemicals can negatively affect dry land as well. They can pollute bodies of water and may take many years to break down in the natural environment, so be mindful of what you put on your bodies before jumping into that lake. (有害的防晒化学物质也会对旱地产生负面影响。它们会污染水体，可能需要很多年才能在自然环境中分解，所以在跳进湖中之前，要注意你身上穿了什么)”可知，这一段提出要保护水资源的建议。选项A“保持水道清洁”和下文意思一致，可以作为主旨句。故选A。
【19题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文根据上文“Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife. (尽量把你所有的食物都放在野生动物够不到的地方)”可知，空处指出不要喂野生动物。选项D“最重要的是，记住永远不要喂野生动物。”和上文意思一致。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Practice fire safety. While this is especially relevant on the west coast of the United States, where wildfire season is most threatening, fire safety should always be a top priority while camping. (练习消防安全。虽然这在野火季节最具威胁的美国西海岸尤为重要，但露营时消防安全应始终是首要任务)”可知，这一段提出对使用火的建议。选项C“只能在指定的火坑或火圈内生火”符合语境。故选C。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social ____21____ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will ____22____ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to ____23____ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly ____24____ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?
In the laboratory, chimps don’t ____25____ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull ____26____ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, ____27____, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this ____28____ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally ____29____ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very _____30_____ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave _____31_____. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence _____32_____ in children before their general cognitive(认知) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the _____33_____ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can _____34_____ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) _____35_____goal.
21. A. structures B. responsibilities C. policies D. behaviors
22. A. conflict B. offend C. cooperate D. discuss
23. A. help B. contact C. divide D. trust
24. A. manage B. decline C. attempt D. force
25. A. curiously B. unwillingly C. naturally D. carelessly
26. A. in turn B. with care C. at random D. in advance
27. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand
28. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. attack D. attractiveness
29. A. educated B. possessed C. motivated D. stimulated
30. A. old B. young C. middle D. late
31. A. creatively B. formally C. competitively D. socially
32. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears
33. A. invisible B. abstract C. physical D. imaginary
34. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance
35. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩出色得多是因为人类的思维中有“共同意向性”，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，科学家发现黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。A. structures结构；B. responsibilities责任；C. policies政策；D. behaviors行为、举止。根据下文“Chimps will 2 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：黑猩猩会以某种方式合作，比如聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地。A. conflict冲突；B. offend冒犯；C. cooperate合作；D. discuss讨论。根据下文“like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩会聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地，这说明它们会互相合作，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。A. help帮助；B. contact联系；C. divide分开；D. trust信任。攻击上文“But”可知，这里的转折连词表明此处与前面说的互相合作相反，除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎不会互相帮助。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至黑猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。A. manage设法做成；B. decline拒绝；C. attempt尝试；D. force迫使。攻击上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.”可知，野生黑猩猩自己寻找食物，它们几乎不会互相帮助，所以黑猩猩妈妈也会拒绝与孩子分享食物，把食物只留给自己。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在实验室里，黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。A. curiously好奇地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. naturally自然地；D. carelessly粗心地。上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another.”可知，说除了作为社会人最低要求之外，黑猩猩几乎没有互相帮助的本能，在实验室里，它们也不会自然而然地分享食物。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里，在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物，或者不费多大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居，它只会随意拉——只是不在乎邻居是否被喂饱。A. in turn轮流；B. with care小心地；C. at random随意地、胡乱；D. in advance事先。根据下文“he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.”可知，即使是毫不费力地拉一盘食物给隔壁的邻居，它也不会在乎邻居是否被喂饱，这说明它只是随意地拉。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。另一方面，人类儿童从很小的时候就非常合作，他们决定帮助他人，分享信息，参与实现共同目标。A. all in all总而言之；B. as a result结果；C. in no case决不；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据上文“In the laboratory, chimps don’t 5 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 6 —he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.”和下文“are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，上文介绍的是黑猩猩的行为，下文介绍的是人类的行为，与黑猩猩的行为形成对比，用on the other hand构成对比。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在一系列针对幼儿的实验中研究了这种合作性。A. cooperativeness合作（性）；B. availability可用性；C. attack攻击；D. attractiveness吸引力。根据上文“From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作，所以心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在实验中研究了这种合作性。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几个理由让我们相信，帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教出来的，而是小孩子天生就有的。A. educated教育；B. possessed拥有；C. motivated激发；D. stimulated促进。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught”可知，人类儿童很小的时候就知道合作的这些行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的本能。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个理由是这些本能在很小的时候就出现了，在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子学会社交之前。A. old旧的；B. young年轻的；C. middle中间的；D. late迟的。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，这些本能行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的，所以是在人类很小的时候就出现了。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. creatively创造性地；B. formally正式地；C. competitively竞争地；D. socially社交方面。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，帮助、告知和分享都属于社交行为，此处指父母教他们的孩子学习社交之前，他们已经知道怎么做了。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三个原因是，社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展，至少与黑猩猩相比是这样。A. develops发展、养成；B. decreases减少；C. changes改变；D. disappears消失。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，人类儿童从很小的时候就知道合作和帮助，人们认为这是因为社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在托马塞洛进行的测试中，人类儿童在物理世界测试中并不比黑猩猩表现得更好，但在理解社交世界方面表现得要好得多。A. invisible看不见的；B. abstract抽象的；C. physical物质的、物理的；D. imaginary虚构的。根据下文“the social world”可知，与社会世界相对的应该是物理世界。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种能力的一部分是他们可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么。A. infer推断；B. adapt适应；C. absorb吸收；D. balance平衡。根据上文“The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.”可知，儿童思维中有托马塞洛所说的共同意向性，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有，这种能力会让人类儿童可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么，所以他们从小就知道合作和分享。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们积极寻求成为“我们”的一部分，一个致力于实现共同目标的团体。A. realistic实际的；B. shared共享的；C. specific特定的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据上文“But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.”可知，即使是很小的孩子也希望成为共同目标的一部分，所以他们会为实现加入有共同目标的团体而努力。故选B。
非选择题部分
注意：将答案写在答题卷上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节：(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet ____36____ (confuse) stages in a person’s life. You are at ____37____ time of exploration, trying to find out your preferences, one of which ____38____ (be) your pastime(消遣).
Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响). ____39____, there are other choices that need to be made based on your values and principles in life. Some examples include skipping school to watch a movie with some friends, or even attending a party where there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out. How do you respond?
However, ____40____ is okay to say no to anything that is illegal, ____41____ (potential) causes harm or is hurtful to you or others. You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends but do not let that stop you ____42____ standing up to peer pressure. If your friends are true friends, they will respect your ____43____ (decide) and not force you to join them.
There are some steps you may take ____44____ (avoid) negative peer pressure. Firstly, stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong. Next, be true to yourself and stand up for _____45_____ you believe in. And if a situation gets out of hand, do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.
【答案】36. confusing
37. a 38. is
39. However
40. it 41. potentially
42. from 43. decision
44. to avoid
45. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍青少年如何找到正确的娱乐活动和真正的朋友，以及如何避免来自于同伴的负面压力。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青少年时期是一个人一生中最激动人心又令人困惑的阶段之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词stages。意为“令人困惑的”。故填confusing。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：你正处于一个探索的时刻，试图找出你的偏好，其中之一就是你的消遣。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的time是可数名词单数形式，意为“一段时间”，前面用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，time的第一个因素是辅音音素，前面用a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是平时的情况，谓语用一般现在时，主语是one of which，be动词用is。故填is。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，还有其他的选择需要根据你的价值观和生活原则做出。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文是转折关系，空格前后都有标点符号，用副词however，起过度作用。位于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
【40题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：然而，对任何非法的、可能对你或他人造成伤害或伤害的事情说不是可以的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定句型It is okay to do sth.，意为“...是可以的”，it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。故填it。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语。故填potentially。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你可能因为害怕失去朋友而害怕拒绝，但不要让这阻止你承受同伴的压力。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语stop sb. from doing sth.，意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你的朋友是真正的朋友，他们会尊重你的决定，不会强迫你加入他们。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词作宾语。故填decision。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以采取一些措施来避免负面的同伴压力。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to avoid。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：接下来，忠于自己，坚持自己的信仰。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句需要宾语，意为“什么”，用连词what。故填what。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，上周六你参加了在市博物馆举办的文化遗产展览，请向你的外国笔友Peter介绍本次展览，内容包括：
1. 展览内容；
2. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
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【答案】Dear Peter,
Knowing that you have great passion for Chinese culture, I’m writing to share with you some relevant details about a local cultural heritage exhibition last Saturday.
Held in the city museum, the exhibition attracted many visitors. As a culture enthusiast, it was definitely a feast for my eyes with all the exhibits ranging from artistic masterpieces, hand-made art crafts to a display of local cultural customs. What touches me most, however, is the value the exhibition represents. It not only raises awareness of cultural heritage protection but also passes the heritage down to our future generations.
Enclosed here are some of the photos of the exhibits. Hope you can have a real taste of Chinese culture.
Yours
Li Hua


【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国笔友Peter写信，介绍上周六在市博物馆举办的文化遗产展览，内容包括：1. 展览内容；2. 你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
热爱：have great passion for→be keen on/show great interest in
吸引：attract→ appeal to
肯定地：definitely→surely
从……到……变化：range from…to…→vary from…to…
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you have great passion for Chinese culture, I’m writing to share with you some relevant details about a local cultural heritage exhibition last Saturday.
拓展句：Because I know you have great passion for Chinese culture, I’m writing to share with you some relevant details about a local cultural heritage exhibition last Saturday.
【高分句型1】As a culture enthusiast, it was definitely a feast for my eyes with all the exhibits ranging from artistic masterpieces, hand-made art crafts to a display of local cultural customs.（运用了“with+宾语+现在分词”的复合结构。）
【高分句型2】What touches me most, however, is the value the exhibition represents.（运用了what引导主语从句）
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
13-year old William Preston is really a generous boy and he naturally seeks to help others. For example, in 2017, the community recognized William for his work to help local seniors. At that time, he fixed broken lawnmowers (剪草机) and provided yard work and cleanup help to elderly neighbors.
William’s mom, Krystal, has been adjusting to life as a newly divorced single mom. She now lives in Fernley with her three kids and three dogs. She has lost her job and is struggling to make ends meet. She thought of looking for better paid work in a different part of town. At the time, however, she did not have any reliable means of transportation and could not afford a car.
“At my low point, here comes my son,” Krystal Preston says, “Everybody goes through rough times in their life, but there’s good that can come from any situation as long as somebody with a heart does it.”
William overheard his mother telling someone how a car would solve most of her problems. He recognized the many sacrifices she made to provide for their family, and he felt an urgent need to pay her back and help her in some way. One day, William saw a video where a child earned money to buy his mom a car; at that moment, he decided that he would do the same thing.
He secretly made a plan to save enough money to purchase a car for his mother. He started working additional odd jobs around his neighborhood, such as yard work and lawn mowing.
One day, an advertisement on Facebook Marketplace caught his attention: A woman had listed her 1999 Chevrolet Metro for an inexpensive price. He quickly reached out to the seller and asked if he could possibly trade in his Xbox for the car, in addition to some cash he had saved. To William’s delighted surprise, after negotiating with the woman, she accepted his offer.
注意：
(1)所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
William arranged for the seller to park the vehicle in his front yard to surprise his mother.
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Krystal was shocked when the seller told her the truth.
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【答案】One possible version:
William arranged for the seller to park the vehicle in his front yard to surprise his mother. Then he tricked his mother outside. Krystal felt confused when she first saw the car, and William explained that he had purchased the car for her. As expected, Krystal assumed her son was playing a practical joke, so she didn’t take any of his words seriously and laughed it off. “Yeah, right!” she said jokingly.
Krystal was shocked when the seller told her the truth. She nearly couldn’t believe it but tears already filled here eyes. “There’s no way.” she murmured. William hugged his mom tightly, comforting her, “You’re my mom and you have done a lot for me, so I want to help,” William assured her. Then the seller handed the car’s keys and paperwork to Krystal, who was still in a state of shock. Mother and son then excitedly got into the car and drove off together in their white 1999 Chevrolet Metro.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，威廉的妈妈克里斯托刚刚离婚，要努力维持生计，她想找一份薪水更高的工作。然而，当时她没有任何可靠的交通工具，也买不起汽车。当威廉知道了之后，为了给他母亲买一辆车，他开始在附近做一些零工。一天，当他了解到一位女士以低价出售她的车。他很快联系上了卖家，问是否可以用自己的Xbox和他存下的一些钱来交换这辆车。令威廉惊喜的是，她接受了他的提议。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“威廉安排卖家把车停在他的前院，给他妈妈一个惊喜。”可知，本段可以写威廉给母亲惊喜的具体过程，以及母亲的疑惑。
②由第二段首句内容“当卖家告诉克里斯托真相时，她很震惊。”可知，本段可以写母亲相信了之后的震惊以及感动。
2.续写线索：威廉骗妈妈出来——妈妈看到车感到困惑——威廉告知真相——妈妈认为在开玩笑——卖家也说是真的——妈妈震惊，感动——开车离开
3. 词类激活
行为类
①欺骗：trick/cheat
②预料：expect/anticipate
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①困惑的：confused/puzzled
②震惊的：shaocked/surprised/amazed/astonished
③兴奋的：excited/thrilled
【点睛】【高分句型1】Krystal felt confused when she first saw the car, and William explained that he had purchased the car for her. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型1】Then the seller handed the car’s keys and paperwork to Krystal, who was still in a state of shock. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)