新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习4单句语法填空+阅读理解

这是一份新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习4单句语法填空+阅读理解，共6页。
2．[2023·湖南长郡中学检测]The reasn ________ he was late fr wrk was ________ he missed the bus by ne minute this mrning.
3．[2023·河北深州中学期末]With a ttal length f 4，000 meters and a width f 75 meters, ne f its runways is a 4F runway—the highest level in the internatinal aviatin industry, ________ large civil aircraft like an Airbus A380 can take ff and land.
4．Whenever I read the ld letters, ________ was fairly ften, sweet memries warmed my heart.
5．With a lving character, Tm is such a kind and helpful persn ________ we cannt praise t much.
6．It is the family pht hung n the wall that always reminds me that family is the place ________ I shuld try my best t take care f.
7．As far as I am cncerned，yuth is a perid ________ we shuld study hard and make urselves well prepared fr the future.
8．Yung ________ she is, she has traveled t many cuntries t put n shws.
9．The yung cuple, wh returned my lst wallet, left ________ I culd ask fr their names.
10．T such a degree was he excited ________ he culdn't sleep last night.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec­machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec­machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec­machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self­repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.
B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.
B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.
D．T test the ec­machine.
3．What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn's research plans.
B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn's different jbs.
D．T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.
D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
B
Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape­recgnitin abilities t a human tw­year­ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin's cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial­and­errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin's cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw­year­ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
5．Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A．By fllwing instructins.
B．By using a tl.
C．By turning the bx arund.
D．By remving the lid.
6．Which task can human ne­year­lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A．Using a key t unlck a dr.
B．Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C．Putting a ball int a rund hle.
D．Gruping tys f different shapes.
7．What des the fllw­up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A．Hw far they are able t see.
B．Hw they track mving bjects.
C．Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
8．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats：Quick Errr Checkers
B．Cckats：Independent Learners
C．Cckats：Clever Signal­Readers
D．Cckats：Skilful Shape­Srters
黄金考点
语法填空——介词
练习4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)
1．答案与解析：when 句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国外回来了。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
2．答案与解析：why; that 句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了公共汽车。第一空应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，第二空应用that引导表语从句。故填why; that。
3．答案与解析：where 句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4 000米，宽75米，是国际航空业中等级最高的4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是runway，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4．答案与解析：which 分析句子可知，________ was fairly ften是个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，系动词was前缺少主语，故填which。
5．答案与解析：as 分析句子可知，定语从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词 a kind and helpful persn前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。
6．答案与解析：which/that 分析句子结构可知，动词短语take care f后缺少宾语，且先行词为the place，故用which或that来引导该定语从句。
7．答案与解析：when 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a perid，且在从句中作时间状语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为未来做好充分准备的时期。
8．答案与解析：as/thugh 分析句子结构可知，as/thugh在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
9．答案与解析：befre 那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填befre。
10．答案与解析：that 分析句子结构可知，此处为such... that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec­machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec­machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self­repair. (你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ t chse frm. Inserting the crrect ‘keys’ wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape­recgnitin abilities t a human tw­year­ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape­Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷
记叙文
320词
★★★☆☆
2022·全国甲卷
说明文
246词
★★☆☆☆
考点8
介词的基本用法
考例
The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s ________ the familiar near side.
点拨
考查介词。根据设空处前的mre可知，设空处应填介词than。
考点9
介词用于固定短语
考例
Bamb plants are assciated ________ health, abundance and a happy hme.
点拨
句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起。be assciated with为固定短语，故填with。