新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习22语法填空+阅读理解

这是一份新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习22语法填空+阅读理解，共5页。
Train travel is the best way t get arund China fr cmfrt, 2.________ (cnvenient) and sustainability. China has the wrld's 3.________(lng) and mst­used high­speed railway netwrk. In between, slwer expresses, lcal and vernight trains cnnect many smaller twns.
Upgrades and expansins f the railway netwrk cntinue quickly, with thusands f kilmeters f new track laid each year, 4.________ makes it pssible t get almst anywhere yu want by rail. High­speed trains are usually brand new and 5.________ (amazing) efficient, with bth business and regular class 6.________ (sectin) cmfrtable and clean. Hwever, it is n the slwer, mre traditinal trains that yu'll see the best f China's train culture, and have the chance 7.________ (meet) lcals, exchange snacks and learn smething new as yu trundle (慢行) thrugh the Chinese cuntryside.
Fr remte parts and small villages, lng­distance buses are ften 8.________ nly ptin. Bus travel tends t be much cheaper than train r air tickets, and it's relatively cmfrtable, with vehicles 9.________ (range) frm express caches t smaller minibuses. China 10.________ (lead) the way in electrifying its bus fleets (车队), with arund 500，000 electric buses in peratin arund the cuntry, mst f them in cities.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Liden decided that he wuld nt pick ut a ring frm a jeweler's like mst ther peple. He hatched an ambitius plan t create a persnalized ring fr his future wife, Desirae. Therefre, he made up his mind t g int the wild t find his wn materials: the diamnd, the gld and the accmpanying jewels.
S, in May 2021, Liden tld his lver that he and Jsh Tucker, his best friend, wuld have a Yellwstne camping trip. Instead, he and Tucker made fr Crater f Diamnds State Park, Arkansas, which is set n a vlcanic crater (坑). The park is ne f the few places in the wrld where the public is welcme t search fr real diamnds and can keep them fr free. Liden realized that there was nly less chance fr him t discver a spectacular diamnd, but he tk n the challenge.
On their way, Liden and Tucker stpped in Helena, Mntana, t mine fr accmpanying jewels t add t the diamnd they hped t find. In Arkansas, the pair paid fr the entrance tickets t get int the park and spent almst three days searching thrugh the vlcanic dirt.
On the third day, Liden suddenly sptted smething reflecting light in the sands. “I was s excited that I started shaking，” he said, “it was ily and shiny, and I immediately knew it was a diamnd.”
It was cnfirmed that Liden had fund a 2.2­carat yellw diamnd. Similarly­sized diamnds g fr $2，500 t $20，000 per carat, depending n quality, clr and the cut. But the value wasn't what was imprtant t Liden.
When he pulled ut the diamnd and went dwn n ne knee upn his return, Desirae was amazed. “I knew that he was ging t prpse smeday，” she said, “but I certainly didn't expect this.”
1．What was Liden's ambitius plan?
A．He intended his ring t cnsist f varius jewels.
B.He wuld get a persnalized ring frm a jeweler's.
C．He decided t make a ring tgether with his future wife.
D．He planned t hunt fr a natural diamnd t create a ring.
2．Why did Liden and Tucker chse Crater f Diamnds State Park?
A．It was the nly place that charged jewel hunters nthing.
B．They were likely t find mre than just natural diamnds.
C．The majrity f park visitrs had gt their ideal diamnds.
D．The public was allwed t keep any diamnd fund there.
3．Why was Liden excited abut his findings?
A．He had gt the largest diamnd in the park's histry.
B．The value f the diamnd was abve his expectatins.
C.He was lucky t acquire the diamnd fr his dream ring.
D．The quality and clr f his diamnd ranked amng the best.
4．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．True lve stries never have endings.
B．Lve shws mre in actin than in wrds.
C．Absence makes tw hearts grw fnder.
D．A life full f lve will never be bring.
B
In a study in the jurnal Science, researchers at Nrthwestern University in Illinis reprted that they had develped an effective and inexpensive methd fr breaking dwn chemicals called per­and plyfluralkyl substances (PFAS) .
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical cmpunds (化合物). They are used t make a wide range f everyday prducts, including nnstick pans, carpeting, electrnics, and fast­fd wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the envirnment, they are almst impssible t eliminate because they are designed t avid breaking dwn. Researchers have linked regular levels f expsure t these chemicals with several health prblems, including liver damage, an increased risk f cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previusly figured ut hw t remve PFAS frm plluted water r sil but there was n safe and effective way t destry them nce they were remved. The study reprted that when the team biled PFAS mlecules (分子) with tw cmmn substances, the PFAS quickly brke dwn and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and prfessr at Nrthwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University f Alberta, in Canada, fund an easy way t break dwn chains f mlecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, t try the methd n PFAS mlecules.
Trang had spent mnths in the lab unsuccessfully attempting t pull apart PFAS, and at first she thught Dichtel's idea was t simple t wrk. But she tried it, biling PFAS with a cmmn slvent (溶剂) called dimethyl sulfxide (DMSO). Trang was shcked when the prcess destryed the PFAS. She later mixed DMSO with a chemical called sdium hydrxide and brke dwn PFAS even mre quickly.
The scientists will wrk n ways t destry PFAS utside the lab s large amunts f frever chemicals can be brken dwn at nce. “It's a huge challenge, but it's in ur grasp，” Dichtel tld TheNewYrkTimes. Scientists are als calling fr a decrease in the amunt f PFAS being released int the natural wrld. In June, the US gvernment annunced new plans t mnitr PFAS, decrease the amunt f PFAS released int the envirnment, and address the effects f PFAS n human health.
5．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” prbably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Identify. B．Destry.
C．Appear. D．Release.
6．Hw did William Dichtel find the way t break dwn chains f mlecules?
A．He gt infrmatin frm a study f thers.
B．He cnducted the experiments n his wn.
C．His graduate student, Brittany Trang, tld him.
D.Chemists at the University f Alberta tld him.
7．What can we learn abut Brittany Trang's experiment?
A.She tried the methd frm Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B．She pulled apart PFAS with her wn idea at her first attempt.
C.She develped a mre effective methd t break dwn PFAS.
D．She thught Dichtel's idea was t simple, s she didn't try it.
8．What d scientists advcate the public ding?
A．Addressing the effects f PFAS n human health and envirnment.
B．Reducing the amunt f PFAS being released int the envirnment.
C．Finding mre effective ways t destry PFAS in and utside the lab.
D．Stpping the use f PFAS in everyday life t avid health prblems.
黄金考点
语法填空——时态
练习22 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．答案与解析：f 介词。variety常与f搭配，意为“各种各样的”。句意：尽管距离遥远，风景各样，但在中国旅游既方便又便宜。
2．答案与解析：cnvenience 名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的“cmfrt”和空后的“sustainability”并列作fr的宾语，故填名词cnvenience。
3．答案与解析：lngest 形容词最高级。根据语境，尤其是空前的“the wrld's”和空后的“mst­used”可知，此处表示中国拥有世界上最长、最常用的高速铁路网。
4．答案与解析：which 定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句的内容，并在从句中作主语，故应用which引导。句意：铁路网的升级和扩建在快速继续，每年铺设数千公里的新轨道，这使得乘火车到达几乎任何你想到达的地方成为可能。
5．答案与解析：amazingly 副词。修饰形容词efficient “效率高的”，应用副词。
6．答案与解析：sectins 名词单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处是“with＋名词＋形容词”构成的with复合结构作状语。根据空前的“bth business and regular class”可知，这里是列车车厢的两个类别，故可数名词sectin应用其复数形式。故填sectins。
7．答案与解析：t meet 非谓语动词。have the chance t d sth.是固定短语，意为“有做某事的机会”。
8．答案与解析：the 冠词。ptin前有限定词nly修饰，故此处表特指。故填the。
9．答案与解析：ranging 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里为with复合结构，空处应用非谓语动词。vehicles与range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。句意：公共汽车旅行往往比火车票或机票便宜得多，而且相对舒适，车辆包括从长途汽车到小型面包车等各类汽车。
10．答案与解析：leads/is leading 动词的时态。此处描述中国在电动汽车方面的世界地位。根据事实可知，此处可用一般现在时描述客观现状，也可用现在进行时描述中国正处于引领地位。故填leads/is leading。句意：中国在公共汽车电动化方面处于世界领先地位，全国约有50万辆电动公共汽车，其中大部分在城市。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 Liden想给未来的妻子设计一枚个性化的戒指，所以决定去野外寻找材料，经过不断的努力，最终找到了一颗2.2克拉的钻石，一回去，Liden便拿着这颗钻石向爱人求婚以表达爱意。
1．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“Liden雄心勃勃的计划是什么？”→寻线索：根据第一段中“He hatched an ambitius diamnd, the gld and the accmpanying jewels”可知，为了给他未来的妻子设计一枚个性化的戒指，他计划去野外寻找天然钻石自己制作钻戒→定答案：由此可知，他打算寻找一颗天然钻石来做戒指。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第二段中“The park is ne f the few keep them fr free”可知，在该公园，公众发现任何钻石都可以自己保存。故D项正确。
3．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第四段“On the third day...‘it was ily and shiny, and I immediately knew it was a diamnd.’”可知，Liden之所以兴奋是因为他最终找到了制作戒指所需的钻石。故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 推断。浏览全文同时根据文章最后一段“When he pulled ut the diamnd...‘but I certainly didn't expect this.’”可知，Liden想给未来的妻子设计一枚个性化的戒指，所以计划去野外寻找天然钻石，并最终发现了钻石，完成了求婚。Liden是用具体的行动表达对Desirae的爱，故B选项“Lve shws mre in actin than in wrds”符合题意。
B
【语篇解读】 伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种降解方法。
5．答案与解析：B 理解词汇。根据画线词后的句子“because they are designed t avid breaking dwn”可知，这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解，据此可知，一旦这些化学物质进入环境，它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是“消除”，与destry意思相近。
6．答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“In f mlecules”可知，西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究，加拿大一所大学的化学家在该研究中发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知，William Dichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
7．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第五段中的“But she tried mre quickly”可知，她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS，这种方法可以降解PFAS；此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合，更快地分解PFAS。据此可知，Brittany Trang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
8．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据尾段中的“Scientists are als natural wrld”可知，科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
2023·合肥高三质检
说明文
191词
★★★☆☆
2023·南京高三质检
记叙文
335词
★★★☆☆
2023·沈阳高三质检
说明文
328词
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考点30
时态与上下文要一致
考例
Actually, I ________ (start) t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld.
点拨
根据时间状语从句when I was seven years ld可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
考点31
并列成分前后时态要一致
考例
The instructr kept repeating the wrds, “Speed up！”“Slw dwn！”“________ (turn) left！”
点拨
根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slw一致。