新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习57语法填空+阅读理解

这是一份新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习57语法填空+阅读理解，共5页。
Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fables. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America 4.________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful c­existence with its surrundings，” her fable begins, 5.________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age­ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 6.________ (intend) fr everyne.
7．________ (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn's stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility 8.________ saving their envirnment.
The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn's theme is a mre weighty 9.________ (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple literary frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still 10.________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Yu've heard an ld Chinese saying befre: Give a man a fish and yu feed him fr a day; teach a man t fish and yu feed him fr a lifetime. Yu may even be ndding yur head in agreement right nw. Hwever，we can have a different understanding f it.
When a persn is starving, that's nt the time t fill their head with knwledge but t first give the persn a fish—eradicating their hunger—and nly then teach them t fish. Far t ften, peple ignre this cmmn­sense first step. They see smene wh is struggling, and they rush t ffer wisdm. “Let me tell yu what I'd d in yur psitin，” a well­meaning individual might ffer.
But few f us understand the anxiety, cnfusin and uncertainty that cme with verwhelming need. Peple meeting with persnal disasters dn't have the ability t think straight. Their nerves may be sht. Their cnfidence may be nn­existent. Can yu imagine what it wuld be like t be in that persn's situatin?
Rushing t ffer a struggling persn lng­term advice is a waste f time. Instead, it makes far mre sense t help them regain their emtinal balance. Once their ears, heart and mind pen, yu'll have an pprtunity t teach a new skill.
But hw d we knw whether a persn needs a fish befre a fishing lessn? Tw things: One is the ability t pay attentin. We need t knw whether the ther persn is pen and receptive, r lking at the wrld thrugh narrwed eyes. Yu can't just take their wrds but have t lk at hw the persn acts and what they dn't say. The ther is empathy (共情). The mre successful yu are, the harder it is t imagine what it must be like t be the ppsite. Try t create a safe envirnment fr emtinal acceptance befre the fishing lessn.
1．What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T illustrate a cncept.
B．T bring in a new viewpint.
C．T intrduce the backgrund.
D．T put up an example.
2．What des the underlined wrd “eradicating” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Getting rid f.
B．Paying attentin t.
C．Making up fr.
D．Putting up with.
3．What shuld we d first fr thse in disasters?
A．Get them t think straight.
B．Enhance their cnfidence.
C．Satisfy their primary needs.
D．Teach them a new skill.
4．Which des the authr prbably agree with accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Live and learn.
B．Never teach a fish t swim.
C．Put yurself in thers' shes.
D．Dn't teach an ld dg new tricks.
B
Like any dctr, Jacques Fellay wants t give his patients the best care. Hidden inside ur bdies are genetic (基因的) markers that can tell him which patients culd prbably have diseases such as AIDS and prvide early treatments. Hwever, there are wrries fr Fellay: they cntain sensitive details that culd lead t embarrassment, discriminatin r even wrse.
A new kind f encryptin, fully hmmrphic encryptin (FHE) (完全同态加密), is making it pssible fr data users t run multiple peratins n genetic data withut seeing the cntents. This can help end big data's privacy prblems, and Fellay's patients can be sme f the first t benefit.
In 1978, the cncept f hmmrphic encryptin (HE) was firstly prpsed. Accrding t it, ne culd encrypt and share data with thers, wh culd analyze and perfrm calculatins n the data with n idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user culd simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make ttal sense.
In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly prvided a wrkable FHE prgram. Like HE, it rests n a mathematical idea called a hmmrphism, which mstly relies n using algebra (代数) t map data frm ne frm t anther withut changing its underlying structure. Hwever, it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data, rather than nly ne calculatin in HE.
Later, Gentry went n t wrk at IBM, which nw has cmplicated FHE tls t run encrypted data. In the medical field, fr example, it detected signs f pneumnia (肺炎) infectin by applying FHE t analyze the encrypted CT scans f mre than 1，500 peple's lungs. In a paper published in Octber 2021, the team used FHE t cllect data frm multiple surces and predicted the effect f cancer treatments r the prcess f HIV infectin, as in Fellay's case.
Wrkable, but still slw: calculatins n the FHE­encrypted data culd take millins f times lnger than thse n raw data. But, as Gldwasser said, “If yu believe that security is nt a plus, but it's a must, then in sme sense there is n verhead.”
5．What is Fellay cncerned abut?
A．Serius diseases.
B．Sensitive patients.
C．The safety f persnal data.
D．The lack f genetic infrmatin.
6．In what way is FHE different frm HE?
A．It speeds up the analyses.
B．It allws mre calculatins.
C．It prevents direct access t data.
D．It depends n the use f algebra.
7．What is Gldwasser's attitude twards FHE?
A．Cntradictry. B．Unclear.
C．Favrable. D．Intlerant.
8．What is the main idea f the text?
A．FHE prtects privacy in the big data era.
B．FHE pens a new wrld fr medical wrkers.
C．Gentry prpsed a new encryptin technlgy.
D．Hmmrphic encryptin develped ver time.
练习57 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
1．答案与解析：t teach 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
2．答案与解析：sixth 考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
3．答案与解析：as 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4．答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为twn，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．答案与解析：brrwing 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
6．答案与解析：intended 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
7．答案与解析：Different 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different frm与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
8．答案与解析：fr 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take respnsibility fr对……负责。故填fr。
9．答案与解析：warning 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10．答案与解析：be emplyed 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple literary frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be emplyed。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物，只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素，让他们愿意接受新思想，第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是，人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。
1．答案与解析：B 推断。通读第一段并结合下文内容可知，该段从中国谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”说起，引出本文的新观点：在别人饥饿时，当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿，这是关键的一步，却常被人忽略。故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：A 理解词汇。根据第二段的“t first give the persn a fish—eradicating their hunger”并结合常识可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，以消除他们的饥饿，然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知，画线词意为“消除”，故A项正确。
3．答案与解析：C 推断。根据第二段的“When a persn them t fish”可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼——消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知，对于那些身陷灾难中的人，我们首先应当满足其基本需求，故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：C 推断。通读尾段可知，尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼，第一要看对方集中注意力的能力，要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的；第二是要有同理心，即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知，尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想，故C项正确。A项意为“活到老，学到老”；B项意为“不要班门弄斧”；D项意为“老古董学不会新东西”，都与文意不符。
B
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。
5．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Hwever, there are wrries fr Fellay: they cntain sensitive details that culd lead t embarrassment，discriminatin r even wrse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟，即他担心个人资料的安全问题，故选C。
6．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“Hwever, it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data, rather than nly ne calculatin in HE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案：由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于完全同态加密允许多次计算，故选B。
7．答案与解析：C 推断。根据最后一段Gldwasser所说的话“If yu believe that security is nt a plus, but it's a must, then in sme sense there is n verhead”可知，Gldwasser认为完全同态加密系统是加分项，即她对完全同态加密持赞成态度，故选C。
8．答案与解析：A 理解文章主旨要义。文章开头以医生担心病人个人资料的安全问题为话题引入了完全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲述了完全同态加密程序保护个人隐私的功能，故选A。
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