新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习58阅读理解+读后续写

这是一份新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习58阅读理解+读后续写，共6页。

The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make ￡520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk­based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
1．Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A．T cllect mney fr schls.
B．T imprve the quality f drinks.
C．T prtect children's health.
D．T encurage research in educatin.
2．Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A．They turned t verseas markets.
B．They raised the prices f their prducts.
C．They cut dwn n their prductin.
D．The reduced their prducts' sugar cntent.
3．Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A．Mst alchlic drinks.
B．Milk­based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Cke.
4．What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A．It is a shrt­sighted decisin.
B．It is a success stry.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets custmers.
B
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday's “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high­tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n­time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews' effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher­value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn't need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c­pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast­mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
5．What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A.The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B．Drnes' ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C．The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D．Drnes' reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
6．What des “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety.
B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair.
D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
7．What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A．T prvide early warning.
B．T make trains run autmatically.
C．T earn prfits fr the crews.
D．T accelerate transprtatin.
8．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·重庆市质调Ⅱ]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Being Planted
“106！” The cry f disappintment breaks the silence f the peaceful night.
In darkness, he stands still there, with tears drpping cntinuusly frm his eyes.
He is a 5th­year Ph. D. student majring in bilgy. This is his 106th attempt t cultivate strawberries which culd bear extreme climates. In his 105th experiment, he did all the precautins that he knew culd lead him clser t his gal. Every generatin f the strawberry seemed t bring him clser t success, but every time the result was alike—failure, failure, failure. He has literally gt used t it. But this time, he can hardly help feeling frustrated and angry.
“Wh stle my experimental strawberry！”
Last night, when he gt t the field, he was thrilled. Althugh mst f the plants were bviusly dying, ne plant std vigrusly in the middle f the experimental field. The plant was labeled “Plant N. 106”. What a cincidence! In his 106th attempt, the 106th plant was finally mutating (变异) in its ideal way—the spark f hpe, t him.
Last night, Plant N. 106's fruit started t turn red. He was never s clse t success. What he needed t d was wait fr several days t harvest that pink, shiny and attractive fruit. But this night, the fruit disappears. S des his hpe.
“3 years' effrt! 1，096 days' struggling! 13，152 hurs' DNA editing and experiment. ALL GONE！” he murmurs t himself. He regrets that he didn't get a small sample f the stlen strawberry last night.
Nw he is using his fingers t dig the grund. He desn't knw why he is ding s. He is well aware that the results f the past 106 attempts are all wasted because f the incident and his nt taking the sample in time. He has n seeds left. At the present, he seems t have nly 2 chices: t start frm the very beginning, r t give up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
He uses his fingers t dig the sil f that inch f field which used t cntain his hpe.________________________________________________________________________
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He is s excited that he bursts int tears.________________________________________________________________________
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答题策略
语法填空——词语辨析
练习58 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity .(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers s they can avid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk­based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drnes are already being used t examine high­tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c­pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast­mving trains wuld be able t react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题做出预警。故选A。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday's ‘eyes in the sky’ technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的‘空中之眼’技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.读后续写
One pssible versin：
Heuseshisfingerstdigthesilfthatinchffieldwhichusedtcntainhishpe. N matter what the result is (让步状语从句), he wants t bring sme sil back as a memry fr his 3­year effrt. Out f the blue, he tuches smething that feels different (定语从句). It is a spruting seed! It was accidentally planted t clse t the mutated plant. It lks even mre vigrus than Plant N. 106 in this mre rigid envirnment. It is bvius that this slwly­grwing plant will bring ut an even better experimental result than Plant N.106 (主语从句). He names it Plant N. 106­1.
Heissexcitedthatheburstsinttears. If smene hadn't stlen Plant N. 106, if he hadn't dug the sil after he thught he failed, he wuld miss this extrardinarily special seed (虚拟语气). Everything is nt nly hpeful again, but becming even better. Smetimes, we may find urselves in darkness, feeling helpless and desperate (现在分词短语作状语), just like Plant N. 106­1, just like “HE”. But never give in, fr darkness may be temprary. Please be patient and hld yur virtue f perseverance, fr maybe “we” are just being planted.
2022·全国乙卷
说明文
300词
★★★★☆
2022·全国乙卷
说明文
307词
★★★★☆
常见词语辨析
①
many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词
②
“时间段＋ag”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋befre”相对过去多久以前
③
sme用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句
④
s与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰比较级，very much修饰动词
⑤
ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”
⑥
latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”
⑦
beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，表示“除此以外(还)”
⑧
used t d sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used t ding sth.“习惯于做某事”
⑨
n相当于nt a或nt any；nt否定动词