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河北省部分高中2022-2023学年高三英语下学期4月联考试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份河北省部分高中2022-2023学年高三英语下学期4月联考试卷（Word版附解析），共26页。
2022~2023学年河北省高三年级下学期4月份联合考试
英语
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is Jennifer working now?
A. In a college. B. In a hospital. C. In a drug store.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where are you working now, Jennifer? Still in the hospital?
W: No, I left the hospital and I refused the job at the drug store. I’m working as a teacher in a medical college now.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man feel about his driving to work?
A. He feels that it’s not bad
B. The distance is a little long.
C. It takes him too much time.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you live very far from your office?
M: Well, the distance is about 20 miles. But it doesn’t seem that far to drive to work. The road is good and there’s not much traffic.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A shopping list. B. Preparations for a picnic. C. Children’s clothes.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Julia, is everything ready for the children’s picnic today?
W: Yes, Charlie. Patty has prepared for transportation. I’ve got the picnic baskets ready and John has prepared all the children’s clothes.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the woman reach the office tomorrow?
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 8:30 am. C. At 9:00 am.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: What time is tomorrow’s meeting? Is it at 8:30?
M: No, it’s scheduled for 9:00 in the morning.
W: Good. That gives me an hour to prepare after getting to the office.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. On a bus.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Isn’t this your usual stop?
W: Yes, but today I’m going to the library.
M: Oh, then you should get off at the next stop and walk to Clifton Street.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What do we know about Mr Bannister?
A. He is new to the company.
B. He works on the trade deal.
C. He is not experienced enough.
7. Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position?
A. Mrs Templeton. B. Mr Duncan. C. Amelia.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
原文】W: There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn’t have much experience.
M: I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn’t ignore Mrs Templeton. She really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year.
W: I didn’t think about that. You’re right. We should go with her, as she’s been with us longer.
M: Let’s inform Mr Duncan that we’ve reached a decision.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the woman advised to do?
A. Stay in her room. B. Visit the fitness center. C. Go to the business center.
9. Where are the meeting rooms?
A. Beside the front office. B. On the right of the lift. C. Across the fitness center.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where are you now? In your room?
W: No. I’m wandering around the hotel. It’s really a good place.
M: Yeah. You work out, right? Go and take a look at the fitness center.
W: Where is that?
M: You can get to the fitness center from the back of the hotel. It’s on the right side of the business center.
W: Sounds good. Where are the conference rooms we’ll be using tomorrow?
M: Oh, they’re right next to the front office.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What are the speakers doing?
A. Cooking. B. Watching TV. C. Doing shopping.
11. What does the man like best?
A. Cheese. B. Ice cream. C. Milk.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the late afternoon. B. At noon. C. In the morning.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】W: At lunchtime, I watched that good cooking show, Chef’s Special, and I’ve got some great ideas for some meals we can try out for dinner.
M: Well, that sounds good. So what’s on your list?
W: Let’s see. We’ve got some meat at home already, but we need something for a salad. We need some tomatoes, carrots and green onions.
M: Sounds very healthy.
W: The apples look really good today. Let’s pick up some, too. Plus we need to get some bananas. Would you like some milk or cheese?
M: No, they are not my taste.
W: Then can you get a box of ice cream?
M: Sure, I love ice cream best.
W: I think that’s everything we need. Let’s go home and cook dinner.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What day is it today?
A. Friday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
14. What kind of party will the girl attend?
A. A birthday party. B. A welcome party. C. A goodbye party.
15. Why does the man refuse the girl to drive his car?
A. She can take the subway.
B. She doesn’t have a license.
C. She is not skilled enough to drive.
16. What gift will the girl bring for Jenny?
A. Chocolate. B. The wooden boat. C. Some flowers.
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Dad, don’t wait for me for dinner tomorrow. I’ll go to attend a party.
M: Is someone having her birthday?
W: No, Jenny is throwing a party at her house in Hill Peak this Friday. You know she is moving to New York next week.
M: I see. The closing time of the subway in that area is pretty early. Do you need me to pick you up when the party is done?
W: Or maybe you can let me drive your car?
M: No, you just got your license. It’s not safe.
W: Oh, come on. Fine, I’ll let you know when it’s over. By the way, what gift should I bring for Jenny?
M: I’m not sure. Some flowers? Or some chocolate, maybe?
W: Well, I’m thinking something that will last, something special.
M: How about the wooden boat you made for months? I remember Jenny liked it very much last time she saw it
W: You’re a genius, Daddy! Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the man talking about?
A. A new space lab. B. The first space hotel. C. Astronauts’ life in space.
18. How many guests can the space hotel hold at a time?
A. Two. B. Six. C. Four.
19. What can guests do in the space hotel?
A. Cook food. B. Have a video chat. C. Watch movies.
20. What does the speaker think of the space trip?
A. Relaxing. B. Dangerous. C. Expensive.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What is it like to travel in space? If you have ever watched space movies, you may know something about it. Aurora Station is the world’s first space hotel. The US company Orion Span built the hotel. The hotel is around 12 feet wide and 35 feet long. It is going to welcome its first guests soon. It will fly 320 kilometers above the Earth. It can hold six people at a time. Two of them will be workers. They may be former NASA astronauts. Each trip aboard the station will last for 12 days. Guests there will be able to do many interesting things. For example, they will see around 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours. They can take part in research experiments such as growing food in space. Later, they can bring the food back to the Earth. These are the same things as astronauts usually do. Guests can also share what they see and hear with others on the Earth. They can have a video chat using a high-speed Internet connection. But each guest will have to pay at least $ 9.5 million. That’s really a large amount of money.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women’s Innovative Contributions and Inventions
Women made numerous innovative contributions and inventions throughout history, from everyday items to widely-used technologies. Here are some made by brilliant women.
The Synthetic(合成)Fibre
In the 1960s, a company, where Stephanie Kwolek worked, was working on finding a suitable fibre to produce car tyres. During the research, Kwolek achieved a breakthrough when she discovered a heat-resistant polymer that is stronger-but lighter than steel. Then it was used to develop a new synthetic fibre. Today, it is common to see the discovery applied in creating helmets, racing sails and so on.
The Caller ID and Call Waiting
The caller ID feature has given many people the opportunity to screen unknown or unwanted phone calls. With call waiting, people are notified of a new incoming call while on another call. Interestingly, while receiving a call, that call will not, block the incoming one. Dr Shirley Ann Jackson contributed to these two inventions; during, her research period at Bell Laboratories in the 1970s.
The Modern Central Heating System
In the 1920s, Alice H. Parker’s model used natural gas to heat a home instead of wood and allowed multiple rooms to be heated at the same time. It also introduced pipes that enabled hot air to circulate through buildings, essentially improving the efficiency of the system.
The Spray-on Skin Repair Technology
From the early 1990s, Australian plastic surgeon Dr Fiona Melanie Wood focused her research on improving established techniques of skin repair. The spray-on skin repair technology allowed burns and skin injuries to be treated more effectively and with less pain. With Dr Wood’s constant improvement over the years, the technology is now widely applied in hospitals.
21. Which of the following can facilitate the communication between humans?
A. The synthetic fibre. B. The caller ID and call waiting.
C. The modern central heating system. D. The spray-on skin repair technology.
22. What do we know about the modern central heating system?
A. It needs wood to help it run. B. It is aimed to process natural gas.
C It helps produce the heat-resistant tyres. D. It contributes to hot air circulation in buildings.
23. What did Dr Wood focus on?
A. Vehicle repair technology. B. Hospital management.
C. Medical treatment. D. Fibre application.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些由才华横溢的女性创造的发明。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Caller ID and Call Waiting(来电显示和呼叫等待)部分中的“With call waiting, people are notified of a new incoming call while on another call. Interestingly, while receiving a call, that call will not, block the incoming one.(通过呼叫等待，人们在接听另一个电话时会收到一个新来电的通知。有趣的是，当接到一个呼叫时，这个呼叫不会阻止来电。)”可知，来电显示和呼叫等待促进人们之间的通信，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Modern Central Heating System(现代集中供暖系统)部分中的“It also introduced pipes that enabled hot air to circulate through buildings, essentially improving the efficiency of the system.(它还引入了管道，使热空气在建筑物中循环，从根本上提高了系统的效率。)”可知，现代集中供暖系统有助于建筑物内的热空气循环。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Spray-on Skin Repair Technology(喷涂式皮肤修复技术)部分中的“From the early 1990s, Australian plastic surgeon Dr Fiona Melanie Wood focused her research on improving established techniques of skin repair.(20世纪90年代早期，澳大利亚整形外科医生Fiona Melanie Wood将她的研究重点放在改进已有的皮肤修复技术上。)”可知，Wood博士的研究重点是医疗。故选C。
B
I could still see and feel the sheets of white, blue-lined paper on which I learned cursive (草书) writing. Cursive was a required lesson of early education in my day. Connecting all the letters in a word in an unsteady flow and, with my own personal style struck me as excellent fun, and I was a natural. Once I learned to write, I hardly recalled printing.
Cursive was still taught when my son entered elementary school, but was no longer required when my grandson Connor entered school. Computer keyboards had supplanted handwriting, and children took to them swiftly. Connor coached me on computers’ new advantages and possibilities, but instead indicated that cursive was old-school.
One day, something changed. When Connor was about 8, he watched me as I penned a letter to a friend. “How do you do that?” he asked. I was taken aback. How, indeed? I. said I’d been taught and that I’d had lots of practice. “Can I learn it?” he asked immediately. Sports, especially soccer, were Connor’s passions. When he was at school, he hadn’t shown much interest in anything but art class, where he excelled. Connor saw cursive as a fascinating new art form. When I asked him recently what he remembered about his boyhood fascination with cursive, he said in a simple way, “It was just different and odd. I wanted to do it.”
He didn’t do it to impress. He did it because he wanted, to. Connor persisted. He developed his own handwriting style and flow. He was hooked, and he continued to invent and develop his script.
Cursive may not be a required school curricula any longer. But now we are in the era of human communication. So I hope that cursive handwriting will continue to reach and attract children, at least some of them, as my grandson was motivated when he saw me writing to my friend in cursive.
24. What can we infer about the author in paragraph 1?
A. He failed to learn to print letters.
B. He had a gift for learning cursive.
C. He chose cursive as an optional course.
D. He hardly connected all the letters in a word.
25. What does “old-school” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Conventional B. Possible. C. Academic. D. Advantageous.
26. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. What Connor excelled in at school,
B. How Connor fell in love with cursive.
C. When Connor showed interest in cursive.
D. Why Connor copied the author’s handwriting.
27. What does the author expect of cursive in the last paragraph?
A. It will engage more children. B. It will be included in school curricula.
C. It will dominate in written communication. D. It will become children’s favourite writing style.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孙子Connor从认为草书很老派到喜欢上、并学习草书的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Connecting all the letters in a word in an unsteady flow and, with my own personal style struck me as excellent fun, and I was a natural (把一个单词里所有的字母连在一起，以一种不稳定的流动，用我自己的风格，给我带来了极大的乐趣，我是天生的)”推知，作者在学写草书方面具有天赋。故选B。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Connor coached me on computers’ new advantages and possibilities, but instead indicated that cursive was old-school. (Connor指导我了解计算机的新优势和可能性，但他表示草书是old-school)”中表示转折的but和逗号前部分的new可知，作者的孙子在教作者新优势的同时，指出草书是老派的、守旧的。因此划线词意为“老派的”，与conventional同义。故选A。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“One day, something changed. When Connor was about 8, he watched me as I penned a letter to a friend. “How do you do that?” he asked. I was taken aback. How, indeed? I. said I’d been taught and that I’d had lots of practice. “Can I learn it?” he asked immediately. Sports, especially soccer, were Connor’s passions. When he was at school, he hadn’t shown much interest in anything but art class, where he excelled. Connor saw cursive as a fascinating new art form. When I asked him recently what he remembered about his boyhood fascination with cursive, he said in a simple way, “It was just different and odd. I wanted to do it.” (有一天，事情发生了变化。Connor8岁左右的时候，他看着我给一个朋友写信。“你是怎么做到的？”他问道。我大吃一惊。真的是怎么回事？我说我受过教育，而且我做了很多练习。“我能学吗？”他立刻问道。运动，尤其是足球，是Connor的爱好。当他在学校的时候，他对艺术课没有表现出太大的兴趣，在那里他表现出色。Connor认为草书是一种迷人的新艺术形式。最近，当我问他，他还记得童年时对草书的迷恋时，他简单地说：“这很不一样，也很奇怪。我想这么做。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Connor是如何对草书感兴趣的。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So I hope that cursive handwriting will continue to reach and attract children, at least some of them, as my grandson was motivated when he saw me writing to my friend in cursive. (因此，我希望草书能继续吸引孩子们，至少其中一些孩子，因为我的孙子看到我用草书给朋友写信时很有动力)”可知，作者希望草书能吸引更多的孩子。故选A。
C
Large clothing companies are developing robots to make clothes. The process of using robots or computers for human work, known as automation, has raised concerns about jobs for many people around the world.
Many clothing companies are unsure about publicly discussing automation. Such reports may cause public concern that automation will take jobs from workers in poor countries. For this concern, one industry inventor, Jonathan Zornow, said he had received online criticism and a death threat in connection with his work.
Sewing, the act of using a needle and thread to make clothes, is especially difficult to automate. Robots do not have the fine touch skill that human hands do. Robots are getting better, but it will take years to fully develop their ability to handle cloth.
Work at a leading scientific and technological enterprise grew out of efforts to create software to guide robots that can handle all types of materials, such as thin wire cables. Researchers soon realized one of the best targets for automation was clothing. The enterprise worked with the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute in Pittsburgh. They identified a San Francisco company with a promising way to deal with the fabric problem. The start-up hardened fabric with chemicals. The hardened fabric was then similar to other material robots could handle, like metal for, example. Once the robots finished sewing the piece, the clothing was washed to remove the chemical.
There are other efforts to automate sewing factories. Another company in Georgia has developed a machine that can sew clothing by pulling the cloth over a special table, for example.
Sanjeev Bahl, who opened a small jeans factory in downtown Los Angeles two years ago, has studied the start-up’s machines. He is preparing to set up his first experimental machine. At his factory in September, he said that many sewing jobs are ready for a new process. “If it works,” he said, “I think there’s no reason not to have large-scale jeans manufacturing here again.”
28. Why was Jonathan Zornow threatened?
A. His work was not fruitless.
B. His robots were too dangerous to use.
C. His factory adopted human-controlled machines.
D. His invention would endanger workers’ employment.
29. What can we learn about the San Francisco company?
A. It produced fabric softener. B. It processed all kinds of worktables.
C. It had a partnership with a big business. D. It worked to develop some metal products.
30. What is Sanjeev Bahl’s attitude to the robotic machines?
A. Tolerant. B. Suspicious. C. Conservative. D. Approving.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Robots are as intelligent as humans. B. Robots are not to replace sewing workers.
C. Companies develop robots to make clothes. D. Companies increase the production of clothes.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大型服装公司正在开发制造服装的机器人。使用机器人或计算机代替人类工作的过程，即自动化，已经引起了世界各地许多人对工作的担忧。文章主要就服装行业使用机器人展开了论述，列举了机器人的开发情况以及人们对此的看法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Such reports may cause public concern that automation will take jobs from workers in poor countries. For this concern, one industry inventor, Jonathan Zornow, said he had received online criticism and a death threat in connection with his work.(这样的报道可能会引起公众的担忧，即自动化将夺走贫穷国家工人的工作。出于这种担忧，业内发明家乔纳森·佐诺说，他在网上收到了与他的工作有关的批评和死亡威胁)”可知，乔纳森·佐诺受到威胁因为他的发明会危及工人的就业。故选D。
29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The enterprise worked with the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute in Pittsburgh. They identified a San Francisco company with a promising way to deal with the fabric problem.(该企业与匹兹堡的先进制造机器人研究所合作。他们找到了一家旧金山公司，该公司有一种很有前途的方法来处理织物问题)”可知，这家旧金山公司与一家大企业有合作关系。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““If it works,” he said, “I think there’s no reason not to have large-scale jeans manufacturing here again.”(“如果成功了，”他说，“我认为没有理由不让这里再次大规模生产牛仔裤。”)”可推知，桑吉夫·巴尔对机器人的态度是支持。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Large clothing companies are developing robots to make clothes. The process of using robots or computers for human work, known as automation, has raised concerns about jobs for many people around the world.(大型服装公司正在开发制造服装的机器人。使用机器人或计算机代替人类工作的过程，即自动化，已经引起了世界各地许多人对工作的担忧)”结合文章主要就服装行业使用机器人展开了论述，列举了机器人的开发情况以及人们对此的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是公司开发机器人来制作衣服。故选C。
D
Drought is typically thought of as a simple lack of rain and snow. But evaporative (蒸发的) demand — a term describing the atmosphere’s capacity to-pull water from the ground — is also a major factor.
Evaporative demand can be thought of as a “laundry-drying quotient (指数)”. Nevada, a climatologist, explains, “When hanging the laundry or washing outside, we know that it’s going to dry best and fastest if it’s warm, sunny, windy and dry.” Study lead author Albano says, “This quotient does not simply increase upward alongside climate warming; it increases exponentially. With a one-to-two-degree rise in temperature, we’re getting much larger increases in evaporative demand.”
A new study shows the atmosphere over much of the US has grown a lot thirstier over the past 40 years. To measure how atmospheric thirst has been changing, Albano and her colleagues examined five data sets covering 1980 to 2020 that included temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and humidity (湿度) — all of which contribute to evaporative demand. They found the biggest US increases occurred over southwestern states, while rising humidity offset higher temperatures in the east. In the Rio Grande region, the atmosphere needed 135 to 235 millimeters more water annually in 2020 than it did in 1980, an 8. to 15 percent increase. That water vaporized instead of watering crops.
Along with higher temperatures and lower humidity, the study also noted rising wind speeds and increasing solar radiation. In very dry regions, humidity declines as temperatures warm, Albano says she is not yet sure why the sunlight and wind are changing.
Rising evaporative demand adds to the pressure as the west continues to endure the great drought conditions that have not been seen for 1,200 years. The increase contributed to low spring runoff from the Sierra Nevada in 2021, when much less stream water came from snow than predicted, A thirstier atmosphere also dried out western forests, leading to larger wildfires.
“The study shows that resource managers really have to think a lot about how we make sure that we’re controlling the amount of water that we’re all using,” says Caroline, a Columbia scientist.
32. What do Nevada and Albano both try to do in paragraph 2?
A. Illustrate a term. B. Define the atmosphere.
C. Explain a cause of the temperature change. D. Describe the phenomenon of global warming.
33. How did Albano and her colleagues mainly conduct the study?
A. By analyzing statistics. B. By making assumptions.
C. By carrying out a questionnaire survey. D. By performing a laboratory experiment.
34. Which is most likely to contribute to evaporative demand?
A. High humidity. B. Low temperature.
C. Declining solar radiation. D. Rising wind speed.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Drought in the West of the US B. The Thirsty Atmosphere in the US
C. How to Control Evaporative Demand D. The Way to Make Good Use of Water
【答案】32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要指出研究发现“蒸发需求”是导致美国干旱的因素之一。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Evaporative demand can be thought of as a “laundry-drying quotient (指数)”. Nevada, a climatologist, explains, “When hanging the laundry or washing outside, we know that it’s going to dry best and fastest if it’s warm, sunny, windy and dry.” Study lead author Albano says, “This quotient does not simply increase upward alongside climate warming; it increases exponentially. With a one-to-two-degree rise in temperature, we’re getting much larger increases in evaporative demand.”(蒸发需求可以被认为是“洗衣烘干指数”。 Nevada是一位气候学家，他解释道：“当把衣服挂在外面或洗衣服时，我们知道，如果天气温暖、阳光充足、刮风和干燥，它会干燥得最好、最快。”该研究的主要作者Albano说，“这个指数并不是随着气候变暖而简单地向上增加，而是呈指数级增长。随着气温上升一到二度，我们的蒸发需求将大幅增加。”)”可知，Nevada和Albano所说的话是为了解释第一段提到的“蒸发需求”这个术语。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“To measure how atmospheric thirst has been changing, Albano and her colleagues examined five data sets covering 1980 to 2020 that included temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and humidity (湿度)—all of which contribute to evaporative demand. (为了测量大气口渴是如何变化的，Albano和她的同事研究了1980年至2020年的五个数据集，包括温度、风速、太阳辐射和湿度——所有这些都有助于蒸发需求)”可知，Albano和她的同事们主要通过分析数据的方式进行研究。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Along with higher temperatures and lower humidity, the study also noted rising wind speeds and increasing solar radiation. (除了更高的温度和更低的湿度，研究还注意到风速的上升和太阳辐射的增加。)”可知，增加“蒸发需求”的是更高的温度、更低的湿度、上升的太阳辐射和增加的风速。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据一段“Drought is typically thought of as a simple lack of rain and snow. But evaporative (蒸发的) demand — a term describing the atmosphere’s capacity to-pull water from the ground — is also a major factor.(干旱通常被认为只是缺少雨雪。但蒸发需求——一个描述大气从地面吸收水分的能力的术语——也是一个主要因素)”，第三段的“A new study shows the atmosphere over much of the US has grown a lot thirstier over the past 40 years. (一项新的研究表明，在过去的40年里，美国大部分地区的大气变得更加干燥)”和倒数第二段“Rising evaporative demand adds to the pressure as the west continues to endure the great drought conditions that have not been seen for 1,200 years. (随着西部地区继续忍受1200年来从未出现过的严重干旱，蒸发需求的增加增加了压力)”可知，文章主要介绍蒸发导致大气变得干燥，而“蒸发需求”的增加使美国的干旱情况更加严重。B项“The Thirsty Atmosphere in the US(美国干燥的大气)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was a radio presenter for many years, including hosting a music show. I soon noticed that almost everyone chose music from the same period: when they were in their teens or early twenties. ___36___
Firstly, we tend to have a different good memory between the ages of about ten and thirty. ___37___ The second reason is that music is a powerful trigger for our emotions, which in turn spark our memories. The music in our teen years is likely to have lots of emotions to understand, so even a very small part of a particular song can bring powerful feelings and memories flooding back.
___38___ It can have a calming effect, putting you in a relaxed mood, ready, to remember. Rhythms and rhymes are great memory aids. And when we love a song, we tend to repeat it over and over, again. Singing or playing something can even activate “muscle memory”, and there are many cases of people with severe memory loss still being able to perform music they learned decades ago.
So the next time you hear a familiar song, put it to good use, to explore and exercise your memory. Think about the places and people it reminds you of and the emotions it brings. ___39___ Remember a particular time in your life, think about the music you listened to then and let it take you back, following the connections as you piece together the past.
You can also use music when you’ re learning. ___40___ If you’re dealing with several topics, play different styles of music while learning different things.
Experiment to see what works for you, Songs can have a powerful impact on memory, and that should be music to everyone’s ears!
A. There are two very good reasons for that.
B. The following practical suggestions are just for you.
C. There are further ways in which music boosts recall.
D. Find recordings that energize your thinking in your study.
E. Some people use music to make themselves fall asleep faster.
F. You may feel as if you rediscover the richest details of your past.
G. Most of us have more novel and exciting memorable experiences then.
【答案】36. A 37. G 38. C 39. F 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述音乐对记忆力的促进作用。
【36题详解】
上文“I soon noticed that almost everyone chose music from the same period: when they were in their teens or early twenties.(我很快注意到，几乎每个人都选择了同一时期的音乐：在他们十几岁或二十出头的时候)”提到人们都会选择十几岁或者二十出头时期的音乐，下一段解释了两个原因，故A项“有两个很好的理由”承上启下，故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Firstly, we tend to have a different good memory between the ages of about ten and thirty.(首先，在10岁到30岁之间，我们的记忆力很好且有所不同)”可知，在10岁到30岁之间，我们的记忆力很好且有所不同，G项“我们大多数人都有更新奇、更令人兴奋、更难忘的经历”进一步描述10到30岁这段时期的特点，符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“It can have a calming effect, putting you in a relaxed mood, ready, to remember. Rhythms and rhymes are great memory aids. And when we love a song, we tend to repeat it over and over, again.(它可以有一种镇静的效果，让你心情放松，准备好记住。节奏和押韵是很好的记忆工具。当我们喜欢一首歌时，我们倾向于一遍又一遍地重复它)”可知，本段是描述音乐对记忆力有好处，C项“音乐还可以通过其他方式提高记忆力”符合语境，下文中的“It”指代C项中的“music”，故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“Think about the places and people it reminds you of and the emotions it brings.(想想它让你想起的地方和人，以及它带给你的情感)”提到想想歌曲让你想起的地方和人，以及它带给你的情感，空处应是描述结果，想起了什么，F项“你可能会觉得你重新发现了你过去最丰富的细节”符合语境，故选F。
【40题详解】
根据上文“You can also use music when you’ re learning.(你也可以在学习的时候使用音乐)”及下文“If you’re dealing with several topics, play different styles of music while learning different things.(如果你要处理几个主题，在学习不同的东西的同时演奏不同风格的音乐)”可知，本段是有关音乐和学习，可以在学习时播放一些有益的音乐，D项“找一些能激发你学习思维的录音”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“The family are demanding to speak to a doctor,” said a nurse at the end of the phone. “They’re anxious that their daughter won’t be able to, get a job.” Then I was checking the ___41___ of the psychiatric(精神病的)hospital. I was sure that ___42___ advice wasn’t part of my job responsibilities, so I began to ___43___ . However, the nurse begged, “Doctor Brown, please come here.”
I made my way to that room, and was met by the young girl’s ___44___ parents. I read through the ___45___ while the nurse poured them water. They said “thanks”, and then talked about their worries about their daughter. From the notes and their words, I learned the young girl, Melissa, was ___46___ with exams and suffered from ___47___ .
Melissa was a promising student and ___48___ to become an accountant. Last night, however, after ___49___ Melissa up, I said she should stay in hospital. Her father disagreed, “Don’t bother. We’ll look after her at home until she gets better.”
Why did Melissa’s father ____50____ hospitalization when his daughter was depressed for so long ____51____ the pressure of exams? Eventually I began to ____52____ . Her mother explained, “We’re worried about our daughter’s future. If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital, she’ll ____53____ get a job.”
I told the couple that it was against the law to ____54____ against people on the grounds of mental illness. I added, “Compulsory admission to hospital under the Mental Health Act is intended to have ____55____ consequences for their life, not negative ones.” Luckily, what I said dawned on them, and Melissa got good treatment.
41. A. wards B. counters C. offices D. cafeterias
42. A. exam B. illness C. career D. safety
43. A. applaud B. admit C. pronounce D. protest
44. A. carefree B. stricken C. happy D. impolite
45. A. bills B. newspapers C. notes D. advertisements
46. A. content B. familiar C. pleased D. stressed
47. A. depression B. abuse C. violence D. injustice
48. A. agreed B. desired C. hesitated D. failed
49. A. checking B. bringing C. tying D. picking
50. A. favour B. propose C. direct D. oppose
51. A. regardless of B. free of C. in case of D. on account of
52. A. investigate B. apologize C. understand D. improve
53. A. never B. always C. hopefully D. potentially
54. A. vote B. discriminate C. fight D. insure
55. A. ignorant B. impossible C. positive D. temporary
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者遇到一位名叫Melissa的病人，因为考试压力患上了抑郁症，女孩的父母怕影响女儿找工作，不愿意让她住院接受治疗，最后在作者的劝说下他们理解了作者的话，并且让Melissa得到了很好的治疗。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我检查了精神病院的病房。A. wards病房；B. counters柜台；C. offices办公室；D. cafeterias自助餐厅，咖啡厅。根据上文““The family are demanding to speak to a doctor,” said a nurse at the end of the phone.”可知，作者是一名医生，因此表示检查病房。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确信职业建议不是我工作职责的一部分，所以我开始抗议。A. exam考试；B. illness疾病；C. career职业生涯；D. safety安全。根据“They’re anxious that their daughter won’t be able to, get a job.”可知，作者觉得职业建议不是自己的本职工作。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. applaud鼓掌；B. admit承认；C. pronounce发音；D. protest抗议。根据“I was sure that ___2___ advice wasn’t part of my job responsibilities”可知，作者认为职业建议不是自己的本职工作，因此开始抗议。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我向那个房间走去，迎接我的是那年轻姑娘伤心欲绝的父母。A. carefree无忧无虑的；B. stricken患病的，受煎熬的；C. happy高兴的；D. impolite不礼貌的。根据“and then talked about their worries about their daughter”可知，因为担心女儿的病情，所以备受煎熬。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士给我倒水的时候，我把笔记看了一遍。A. bills账单；B. newspapers报纸；C. notes笔记，便条；D. advertisements广告。根据下文“From the notes and their words”可知，此处是信息词notes的词汇复现。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从笔记和他们的话语中，我了解到这个年轻的女孩，Melissa，考试压力很大，患有抑郁症。A. content满足的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. pleased高兴的；D. stressed有压力的。根据下文“the pressure of exams”可知，此处表示，女孩考试压力很大。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. depression沮丧，抑郁；B. abuse滥用，虐待；C. violence暴力；D. injustice不公正。根据下文“Why did Melissa’s father ___10___ hospitalization when his daughter was depressed for so long ___11___ the pressure of exams?”可知，女孩患有抑郁症。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melissa是一个很有前途的学生，她渴望成为一名会计。A. agreed同意；B. desired渴望；C. hesitated犹豫；D. failed失败。根据“to become an accountant”可知，她渴望成为一名会计。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，昨晚，在给Melissa做了检查后，我说她应该住院。A. checking检查；B. bringing带来；C. tying（用线，绳等）系；D. picking挑选。根据“I said she should stay in hospital.”可知，应该是做了检查后，建议住院。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melissa的父亲为什么反对在女儿因为考试压力而抑郁了这么长时间的情况下住院治疗？A. favour赞成，有利于；B. propose提议，建议；C. direct指导，指示；D. oppose反对。根据“Her father disagreed”可知，父亲反对女儿住院。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. free of摆脱了……的；C. in case of万一；D. on account of因为，由于。根据“the pressure of exams”可知，女儿因为考试压力大，患上抑郁症。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我开始明白了。A. investigate调查，研究；B. apologize道歉；C. understand理解，明白；D. improve提高，改善。根据“Her mother explained, “We’re worried about our daughter’s future. If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital, she’ll ___13___ get a job.””可知，听了妈妈的解释，作者明白了父亲为什么反对女儿住院。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果她在精神病院接受过治疗，她永远也找不到工作。A. never从未；B. always总是；C. hopefully有希望地；D. potentially有潜力地。根据“If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital,”可知，父母担心如果女儿在精神病院接受过治疗，将会找不到工作。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉那对夫妇，以精神疾病为由歧视别人是违法的。A. vote选举；B. discriminate歧视；C. fight战斗；D. insure保证，确保。根据“people on the grounds of mental illness”可知，以精神疾病为由歧视别人是违法的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我补充说:“根据《精神卫生法》，强制入院是为了对他们的生活产生积极的影响，而不是消极的影响。”A. ignorant无知的，愚昧的；B. impossible不可能的；C. positive积极的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“not negative ones”可知，此处和negative意思相反，应该是positive（积极的）。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A report showed that a crowd of ____56____ (resident) of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, ____57____ (sing) and danced on Saturday to celebrate the coming of Jingzhe or the Awakening of Insects. The event ____58____ (involve) Yao people exhibiting their grand traditional costumes, singing folk songs, performing tai chi and dragon dances and dancing on paddle boards or boats, impressed tourists with the unique Yao culture.
Jingzhe is the ____59____ (three) solar term of the 24 terms ____60____ (define) by the traditional Chinese calendar. It falls on March 6 and ends on March 20 this year, which means ____61____ sharp rise in temperature and increased rainfall. The name suggests animals sleeping in winter ____62____ (awaken) by spring thunder. For farmers, it becomes a term ____63____ marks the start of spring work. It is the best time for farmers to sow, so they will be busy in order to have a harvest in autumn.
“The event, ____64____ the natural landscape serving as the stage and the members of the public acting as major performers, is aimed ____65____ (promote) rural art, culture and tourism,” said Zou Fuqiao, an official of the Culture, Tourism, Radio, Film and Sports Bureau of Jjianghua Yao Autonomous County.
【答案】56. residents
57. sang 58. involving
59. third 60. defined
61. a 62. are awakened##will be awakened
63. that##which
64. with 65. to promote
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。文章对此进行了报道。
【56题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：一份报告显示，周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。resident意为“居民”，为可数名词，在a crowd of后应用复数形式。故填residents。
【57题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：一份报告显示，周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。根据“and danced”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填sang。
【58题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在这场活动中，瑶族人民展示了他们华丽的传统服装，唱着民歌，表演太极和舞龙，在桨板或船上跳舞，给游客留下了独特的瑶族文化印象。动词involve意为“包括”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语event构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填involving。
【59题详解】
考查序数词。句意：惊蛰是中国传统历法二十四节气中的第三个节气。根据“of the 24 terms”可知，此处是指惊蛰是第三个节气，所以应用序数词third表示“第三个”。故填third。
【60题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：惊蛰是中国传统历法二十四节气中的第三个节气。动词define意为“给……下定义，解释”，和系动词之间没有连词，根据“by the traditional Chinese calendar”可知，和逻辑主语the 24 terms构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填defined。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：今年的寒潮从3月6日开始，到3月20日结束，这意味着气温急剧上升，降雨量增加。rise意为“（数量或水平的）增加，提高”，为可数名词，此处表示“一次出现”，所以应用不定冠词。sharp的开头发音为辅音。故填a。
【62题详解】
考查一般现在时或一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这个名字意味着冬眠的动物会被春天的雷声惊醒。根据“by spring thunder”可知，此处应用被动语态。此处描述客观规律，所以应用一般现在时。也可以理解为在惊蛰冬眠的动物会被春天的雷声惊醒，所以应用一般将来时。故填are awakened/will be awakened。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：对农民来说，它成为了一个标志着春季工作开始的术语。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为term，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：晋江华瑶族自治县文化、旅游、广播、电影和体育局官员邹福桥说：“这次活动以自然景观为舞台，公众作为主要表演者，旨在促进农村艺术、文化和旅游。”根据“the natural landscape serving as the stage and the members of the public acting as major performers”可知，此处为with复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，在句中作状语。故填with。
【65题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：晋江华瑶族自治县文化、旅游、广播、电影和体育局官员邹福桥说：“这次活动以自然景观为舞台，公众作为主要表演者，旨在促进农村艺术、文化和旅游。”be aimed to do意为“旨在，目的是”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式。故填to promote。
第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，请你给外教John写一封邮件邀请他做一次关于“英语学习与英语文化”的讲座，内容包括：
1. 讲座的时间和地点;
2. 讲座的对象和内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear John,
I’m Li Hua, the director of the English Club in our school. Exceptionally impressed by your illuminating insight into the English language, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a speech about it.
The speech, especially designed for our school senior students, is scheduled in the hall from 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, next Friday. To acquaint students with a general knowledge of English culture and promote their English learning, you are expected to talk about the customs and history of English - speaking countries and some ways of learning English. Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
All of us are greatly anticipating your presence. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，请你给外教John写一封邮件邀请他做一次关于“英语学习与英语文化”的讲座，内容包括：讲座的时间和地点；讲座的对象和内容。
【详解】1.词汇积累
极其，非常：exceptionally→extremely
发表演讲：deliver a speech → give a speech
回答：answer→rely
常识：general knowledge→ common knowledge
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
拓展句：If time permits, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.（运用了现在分词的独立主格结构和过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】To acquaint students with a general knowledge of English culture and promote their English learning, you are expected to talk about the customs and history of English - speaking countries and some ways of learning English.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As an undergraduate in a university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Catherine had volunteered at the Hope Rescue Mission in her hometown with her mother who served as the shelter’s development director. After working with the homeless and receiving cards from her mom in the mail, Catherine decided to begin her project. “You’ve Got Mail”. She had a huge heart for those in need.
For the people that she was helping, she saw the homelessness firsthand and it was a battle. She thought no one wanted to choose to be homeless, and she always donated the basic needs, including the toiletries, the shampoos and toothbrushes.
In her mind, individuals facing homelessness certainly suffered physically, but for many, the emotional suffering was even more painful. Feeling alone and hopeless cut deeper than feeling hungry and cold. Therefore, she held it that, a kind gesture, such as her project about encouragement cards, could be that light in someone’s day to keep them striving and hoping for a better tomorrow.
One day, she shared her idea with her mother, “I was thinking of a box filled with holiday cards. I want to do something to make the homeless with empty hearts smile, letting them know many people still care about them.” Her mother, smiled and said, “Just do it and spread your love!”
Then Catherine launched a holiday card drive for the homeless after being inspired by volunteering at the shelter. She collected 2,000 cards, surpassing her original goal of 500 in just a few weeks.
Catherine’s compassion for others didn’t stop at just feeling sympathy for them in their hardships. She also followed her mother’s advice to look for ways to help them beat those hardships through her kindness.
So Catherine asked her online friends for holiday-themed cards, and soon, her inbox was flooded with people offering to help. Amazingly, the people she knew, the people she hadn’t spoken to since primary school, and the people she had never spoken to before, sent the cards to her. Then she asked for cards from anyone. She was not turning down any. She thought it was really great to accept them.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In honor of the “You’ve Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone’s life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In honor of the “You’ve Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party. In the party, she met a group of her good friends who offered her a large number of cards. She also ran into a company’s manager, who donated many bags and accessories to her. Besides, among the participants were some famous media that sang high praise for Catherine’s kind deeds, calling on the world to follow suit. They made the cards together. Catherine said to her followers with sincerity, “I’ll continue to distribute the cards and bags to the homeless on the street and at local shelters.”
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone’s life. She appealed to the world to care for the poor, and meanwhile urged the poor to speak up for themselves. Up till now, she has conducted interviews with some of them and put together a video to be on air in society. She listened to their stories, learning about their health conditions, their families and their dreams. In her humble opinion, simply because you only pass them on the street, you know nothing about them. So the biggest thing is just to listen because everybody has a story, from which you can find out how to help.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。主人公凯瑟琳在大学时做志愿者帮助了很多无家可归的人，所以在她毕业后，她开展了自己的“你有一封邮件”的项目，给无家可归的人寄送鼓励贺卡。在项目进行的过程中，也有无数人不断向凯瑟琳寄卡片。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“为了纪念“你收到了邮件”倡议，凯瑟琳和她的母亲举办了一个贺卡制作派对。”可知，第一段可描写凯瑟琳在派对上和参与派对的人之间的互动。
②由第二段首句内容“凯瑟琳希望她的项目能提醒其他人去改变别人的生活。”可知，第二段可描写凯瑟琳为无家可归的人进行发声，呼吁大家关心穷人、帮助穷人。
2. 续写线索：凯瑟琳做大学志愿者——决定开展鼓励卡项目——凯瑟琳收集鼓励卡——开展制作贺卡派对——呼吁社会关心穷人
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①主办：host/hold
②提供：offer/supply/give
③高度赞扬：sing high praise/speak highly of
④呼吁：call on/appeal to/urge
情感类
①友善的：kind/sweet/friendly
②真诚：sincerity/honesty/earnesty/good faith
③谦虚的：humble/modest
【点睛】【高分句型1】In the party, she met a group of her good friends who offered her a large number of cards.（使用了who引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, among the participants were some famous media that sang high praise for Catherine’s kind deeds, calling on the world to follow suit.（使用了that引导定语从句）
【高分句型3】So the biggest thing is just to listen because everybody has a story, from which you can find out how to help.（使用了from which引导非限制性定语从句）
2022~2023学年河北省高三年级下学期4月份联合考试
英语
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is Jennifer working now?
A. In a college. B. In a hospital. C. In a drug store.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where are you working now, Jennifer? Still in the hospital?
W: No, I left the hospital and I refused the job at the drug store. I’m working as a teacher in a medical college now.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man feel about his driving to work?
A. He feels that it’s not bad
B. The distance is a little long.
C. It takes him too much time.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you live very far from your office?
M: Well, the distance is about 20 miles. But it doesn’t seem that far to drive to work. The road is good and there’s not much traffic.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A shopping list. B. Preparations for a picnic. C. Children’s clothes.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Julia, is everything ready for the children’s picnic today?
W: Yes, Charlie. Patty has prepared for transportation. I’ve got the picnic baskets ready and John has prepared all the children’s clothes.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the woman reach the office tomorrow?
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 8:30 am. C. At 9:00 am.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: What time is tomorrow’s meeting? Is it at 8:30?
M: No, it’s scheduled for 9:00 in the morning.
W: Good. That gives me an hour to prepare after getting to the office.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. On a bus.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Isn’t this your usual stop?
W: Yes, but today I’m going to the library.
M: Oh, then you should get off at the next stop and walk to Clifton Street.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What do we know about Mr Bannister?
A. He is new to the company.
B. He works on the trade deal.
C. He is not experienced enough.
7. Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position?
A. Mrs Templeton. B. Mr Duncan. C. Amelia.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
原文】W: There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn’t have much experience.
M: I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn’t ignore Mrs Templeton. She really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year.
W: I didn’t think about that. You’re right. We should go with her, as she’s been with us longer.
M: Let’s inform Mr Duncan that we’ve reached a decision.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the woman advised to do?
A. Stay in her room. B. Visit the fitness center. C. Go to the business center.
9. Where are the meeting rooms?
A. Beside the front office. B. On the right of the lift. C. Across the fitness center.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where are you now? In your room?
W: No. I’m wandering around the hotel. It’s really a good place.
M: Yeah. You work out, right? Go and take a look at the fitness center.
W: Where is that?
M: You can get to the fitness center from the back of the hotel. It’s on the right side of the business center.
W: Sounds good. Where are the conference rooms we’ll be using tomorrow?
M: Oh, they’re right next to the front office.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What are the speakers doing?
A. Cooking. B. Watching TV. C. Doing shopping.
11. What does the man like best?
A. Cheese. B. Ice cream. C. Milk.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the late afternoon. B. At noon. C. In the morning.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】W: At lunchtime, I watched that good cooking show, Chef’s Special, and I’ve got some great ideas for some meals we can try out for dinner.
M: Well, that sounds good. So what’s on your list?
W: Let’s see. We’ve got some meat at home already, but we need something for a salad. We need some tomatoes, carrots and green onions.
M: Sounds very healthy.
W: The apples look really good today. Let’s pick up some, too. Plus we need to get some bananas. Would you like some milk or cheese?
M: No, they are not my taste.
W: Then can you get a box of ice cream?
M: Sure, I love ice cream best.
W: I think that’s everything we need. Let’s go home and cook dinner.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What day is it today?
A. Friday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
14. What kind of party will the girl attend?
A. A birthday party. B. A welcome party. C. A goodbye party.
15. Why does the man refuse the girl to drive his car?
A. She can take the subway.
B. She doesn’t have a license.
C. She is not skilled enough to drive.
16. What gift will the girl bring for Jenny?
A. Chocolate. B. The wooden boat. C. Some flowers.
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Dad, don’t wait for me for dinner tomorrow. I’ll go to attend a party.
M: Is someone having her birthday?
W: No, Jenny is throwing a party at her house in Hill Peak this Friday. You know she is moving to New York next week.
M: I see. The closing time of the subway in that area is pretty early. Do you need me to pick you up when the party is done?
W: Or maybe you can let me drive your car?
M: No, you just got your license. It’s not safe.
W: Oh, come on. Fine, I’ll let you know when it’s over. By the way, what gift should I bring for Jenny?
M: I’m not sure. Some flowers? Or some chocolate, maybe?
W: Well, I’m thinking something that will last, something special.
M: How about the wooden boat you made for months? I remember Jenny liked it very much last time she saw it
W: You’re a genius, Daddy! Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the man talking about?
A. A new space lab. B. The first space hotel. C. Astronauts’ life in space.
18. How many guests can the space hotel hold at a time?
A. Two. B. Six. C. Four.
19. What can guests do in the space hotel?
A. Cook food. B. Have a video chat. C. Watch movies.
20. What does the speaker think of the space trip?
A. Relaxing. B. Dangerous. C. Expensive.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What is it like to travel in space? If you have ever watched space movies, you may know something about it. Aurora Station is the world’s first space hotel. The US company Orion Span built the hotel. The hotel is around 12 feet wide and 35 feet long. It is going to welcome its first guests soon. It will fly 320 kilometers above the Earth. It can hold six people at a time. Two of them will be workers. They may be former NASA astronauts. Each trip aboard the station will last for 12 days. Guests there will be able to do many interesting things. For example, they will see around 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours. They can take part in research experiments such as growing food in space. Later, they can bring the food back to the Earth. These are the same things as astronauts usually do. Guests can also share what they see and hear with others on the Earth. They can have a video chat using a high-speed Internet connection. But each guest will have to pay at least $ 9.5 million. That’s really a large amount of money.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women’s Innovative Contributions and Inventions
Women made numerous innovative contributions and inventions throughout history, from everyday items to widely-used technologies. Here are some made by brilliant women.
The Synthetic(合成)Fibre
In the 1960s, a company, where Stephanie Kwolek worked, was working on finding a suitable fibre to produce car tyres. During the research, Kwolek achieved a breakthrough when she discovered a heat-resistant polymer that is stronger-but lighter than steel. Then it was used to develop a new synthetic fibre. Today, it is common to see the discovery applied in creating helmets, racing sails and so on.
The Caller ID and Call Waiting
The caller ID feature has given many people the opportunity to screen unknown or unwanted phone calls. With call waiting, people are notified of a new incoming call while on another call. Interestingly, while receiving a call, that call will not, block the incoming one. Dr Shirley Ann Jackson contributed to these two inventions; during, her research period at Bell Laboratories in the 1970s.
The Modern Central Heating System
In the 1920s, Alice H. Parker’s model used natural gas to heat a home instead of wood and allowed multiple rooms to be heated at the same time. It also introduced pipes that enabled hot air to circulate through buildings, essentially improving the efficiency of the system.
The Spray-on Skin Repair Technology
From the early 1990s, Australian plastic surgeon Dr Fiona Melanie Wood focused her research on improving established techniques of skin repair. The spray-on skin repair technology allowed burns and skin injuries to be treated more effectively and with less pain. With Dr Wood’s constant improvement over the years, the technology is now widely applied in hospitals.
21. Which of the following can facilitate the communication between humans?
A. The synthetic fibre. B. The caller ID and call waiting.
C. The modern central heating system. D. The spray-on skin repair technology.
22. What do we know about the modern central heating system?
A. It needs wood to help it run. B. It is aimed to process natural gas.
C It helps produce the heat-resistant tyres. D. It contributes to hot air circulation in buildings.
23. What did Dr Wood focus on?
A. Vehicle repair technology. B. Hospital management.
C. Medical treatment. D. Fibre application.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些由才华横溢的女性创造的发明。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Caller ID and Call Waiting(来电显示和呼叫等待)部分中的“With call waiting, people are notified of a new incoming call while on another call. Interestingly, while receiving a call, that call will not, block the incoming one.(通过呼叫等待，人们在接听另一个电话时会收到一个新来电的通知。有趣的是，当接到一个呼叫时，这个呼叫不会阻止来电。)”可知，来电显示和呼叫等待促进人们之间的通信，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Modern Central Heating System(现代集中供暖系统)部分中的“It also introduced pipes that enabled hot air to circulate through buildings, essentially improving the efficiency of the system.(它还引入了管道，使热空气在建筑物中循环，从根本上提高了系统的效率。)”可知，现代集中供暖系统有助于建筑物内的热空气循环。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Spray-on Skin Repair Technology(喷涂式皮肤修复技术)部分中的“From the early 1990s, Australian plastic surgeon Dr Fiona Melanie Wood focused her research on improving established techniques of skin repair.(20世纪90年代早期，澳大利亚整形外科医生Fiona Melanie Wood将她的研究重点放在改进已有的皮肤修复技术上。)”可知，Wood博士的研究重点是医疗。故选C。
B
I could still see and feel the sheets of white, blue-lined paper on which I learned cursive (草书) writing. Cursive was a required lesson of early education in my day. Connecting all the letters in a word in an unsteady flow and, with my own personal style struck me as excellent fun, and I was a natural. Once I learned to write, I hardly recalled printing.
Cursive was still taught when my son entered elementary school, but was no longer required when my grandson Connor entered school. Computer keyboards had supplanted handwriting, and children took to them swiftly. Connor coached me on computers’ new advantages and possibilities, but instead indicated that cursive was old-school.
One day, something changed. When Connor was about 8, he watched me as I penned a letter to a friend. “How do you do that?” he asked. I was taken aback. How, indeed? I. said I’d been taught and that I’d had lots of practice. “Can I learn it?” he asked immediately. Sports, especially soccer, were Connor’s passions. When he was at school, he hadn’t shown much interest in anything but art class, where he excelled. Connor saw cursive as a fascinating new art form. When I asked him recently what he remembered about his boyhood fascination with cursive, he said in a simple way, “It was just different and odd. I wanted to do it.”
He didn’t do it to impress. He did it because he wanted, to. Connor persisted. He developed his own handwriting style and flow. He was hooked, and he continued to invent and develop his script.
Cursive may not be a required school curricula any longer. But now we are in the era of human communication. So I hope that cursive handwriting will continue to reach and attract children, at least some of them, as my grandson was motivated when he saw me writing to my friend in cursive.
24. What can we infer about the author in paragraph 1?
A. He failed to learn to print letters.
B. He had a gift for learning cursive.
C. He chose cursive as an optional course.
D. He hardly connected all the letters in a word.
25. What does “old-school” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Conventional B. Possible. C. Academic. D. Advantageous.
26. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. What Connor excelled in at school,
B. How Connor fell in love with cursive.
C. When Connor showed interest in cursive.
D. Why Connor copied the author’s handwriting.
27. What does the author expect of cursive in the last paragraph?
A. It will engage more children. B. It will be included in school curricula.
C. It will dominate in written communication. D. It will become children’s favourite writing style.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孙子Connor从认为草书很老派到喜欢上、并学习草书的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Connecting all the letters in a word in an unsteady flow and, with my own personal style struck me as excellent fun, and I was a natural (把一个单词里所有的字母连在一起，以一种不稳定的流动，用我自己的风格，给我带来了极大的乐趣，我是天生的)”推知，作者在学写草书方面具有天赋。故选B。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Connor coached me on computers’ new advantages and possibilities, but instead indicated that cursive was old-school. (Connor指导我了解计算机的新优势和可能性，但他表示草书是old-school)”中表示转折的but和逗号前部分的new可知，作者的孙子在教作者新优势的同时，指出草书是老派的、守旧的。因此划线词意为“老派的”，与conventional同义。故选A。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“One day, something changed. When Connor was about 8, he watched me as I penned a letter to a friend. “How do you do that?” he asked. I was taken aback. How, indeed? I. said I’d been taught and that I’d had lots of practice. “Can I learn it?” he asked immediately. Sports, especially soccer, were Connor’s passions. When he was at school, he hadn’t shown much interest in anything but art class, where he excelled. Connor saw cursive as a fascinating new art form. When I asked him recently what he remembered about his boyhood fascination with cursive, he said in a simple way, “It was just different and odd. I wanted to do it.” (有一天，事情发生了变化。Connor8岁左右的时候，他看着我给一个朋友写信。“你是怎么做到的？”他问道。我大吃一惊。真的是怎么回事？我说我受过教育，而且我做了很多练习。“我能学吗？”他立刻问道。运动，尤其是足球，是Connor的爱好。当他在学校的时候，他对艺术课没有表现出太大的兴趣，在那里他表现出色。Connor认为草书是一种迷人的新艺术形式。最近，当我问他，他还记得童年时对草书的迷恋时，他简单地说：“这很不一样，也很奇怪。我想这么做。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Connor是如何对草书感兴趣的。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So I hope that cursive handwriting will continue to reach and attract children, at least some of them, as my grandson was motivated when he saw me writing to my friend in cursive. (因此，我希望草书能继续吸引孩子们，至少其中一些孩子，因为我的孙子看到我用草书给朋友写信时很有动力)”可知，作者希望草书能吸引更多的孩子。故选A。
C
Large clothing companies are developing robots to make clothes. The process of using robots or computers for human work, known as automation, has raised concerns about jobs for many people around the world.
Many clothing companies are unsure about publicly discussing automation. Such reports may cause public concern that automation will take jobs from workers in poor countries. For this concern, one industry inventor, Jonathan Zornow, said he had received online criticism and a death threat in connection with his work.
Sewing, the act of using a needle and thread to make clothes, is especially difficult to automate. Robots do not have the fine touch skill that human hands do. Robots are getting better, but it will take years to fully develop their ability to handle cloth.
Work at a leading scientific and technological enterprise grew out of efforts to create software to guide robots that can handle all types of materials, such as thin wire cables. Researchers soon realized one of the best targets for automation was clothing. The enterprise worked with the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute in Pittsburgh. They identified a San Francisco company with a promising way to deal with the fabric problem. The start-up hardened fabric with chemicals. The hardened fabric was then similar to other material robots could handle, like metal for, example. Once the robots finished sewing the piece, the clothing was washed to remove the chemical.
There are other efforts to automate sewing factories. Another company in Georgia has developed a machine that can sew clothing by pulling the cloth over a special table, for example.
Sanjeev Bahl, who opened a small jeans factory in downtown Los Angeles two years ago, has studied the start-up’s machines. He is preparing to set up his first experimental machine. At his factory in September, he said that many sewing jobs are ready for a new process. “If it works,” he said, “I think there’s no reason not to have large-scale jeans manufacturing here again.”
28. Why was Jonathan Zornow threatened?
A. His work was not fruitless.
B. His robots were too dangerous to use.
C. His factory adopted human-controlled machines.
D. His invention would endanger workers’ employment.
29. What can we learn about the San Francisco company?
A. It produced fabric softener. B. It processed all kinds of worktables.
C. It had a partnership with a big business. D. It worked to develop some metal products.
30. What is Sanjeev Bahl’s attitude to the robotic machines?
A. Tolerant. B. Suspicious. C. Conservative. D. Approving.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Robots are as intelligent as humans. B. Robots are not to replace sewing workers.
C. Companies develop robots to make clothes. D. Companies increase the production of clothes.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大型服装公司正在开发制造服装的机器人。使用机器人或计算机代替人类工作的过程，即自动化，已经引起了世界各地许多人对工作的担忧。文章主要就服装行业使用机器人展开了论述，列举了机器人的开发情况以及人们对此的看法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Such reports may cause public concern that automation will take jobs from workers in poor countries. For this concern, one industry inventor, Jonathan Zornow, said he had received online criticism and a death threat in connection with his work.(这样的报道可能会引起公众的担忧，即自动化将夺走贫穷国家工人的工作。出于这种担忧，业内发明家乔纳森·佐诺说，他在网上收到了与他的工作有关的批评和死亡威胁)”可知，乔纳森·佐诺受到威胁因为他的发明会危及工人的就业。故选D。
29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The enterprise worked with the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute in Pittsburgh. They identified a San Francisco company with a promising way to deal with the fabric problem.(该企业与匹兹堡的先进制造机器人研究所合作。他们找到了一家旧金山公司，该公司有一种很有前途的方法来处理织物问题)”可知，这家旧金山公司与一家大企业有合作关系。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““If it works,” he said, “I think there’s no reason not to have large-scale jeans manufacturing here again.”(“如果成功了，”他说，“我认为没有理由不让这里再次大规模生产牛仔裤。”)”可推知，桑吉夫·巴尔对机器人的态度是支持。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Large clothing companies are developing robots to make clothes. The process of using robots or computers for human work, known as automation, has raised concerns about jobs for many people around the world.(大型服装公司正在开发制造服装的机器人。使用机器人或计算机代替人类工作的过程，即自动化，已经引起了世界各地许多人对工作的担忧)”结合文章主要就服装行业使用机器人展开了论述，列举了机器人的开发情况以及人们对此的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是公司开发机器人来制作衣服。故选C。
D
Drought is typically thought of as a simple lack of rain and snow. But evaporative (蒸发的) demand — a term describing the atmosphere’s capacity to-pull water from the ground — is also a major factor.
Evaporative demand can be thought of as a “laundry-drying quotient (指数)”. Nevada, a climatologist, explains, “When hanging the laundry or washing outside, we know that it’s going to dry best and fastest if it’s warm, sunny, windy and dry.” Study lead author Albano says, “This quotient does not simply increase upward alongside climate warming; it increases exponentially. With a one-to-two-degree rise in temperature, we’re getting much larger increases in evaporative demand.”
A new study shows the atmosphere over much of the US has grown a lot thirstier over the past 40 years. To measure how atmospheric thirst has been changing, Albano and her colleagues examined five data sets covering 1980 to 2020 that included temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and humidity (湿度) — all of which contribute to evaporative demand. They found the biggest US increases occurred over southwestern states, while rising humidity offset higher temperatures in the east. In the Rio Grande region, the atmosphere needed 135 to 235 millimeters more water annually in 2020 than it did in 1980, an 8. to 15 percent increase. That water vaporized instead of watering crops.
Along with higher temperatures and lower humidity, the study also noted rising wind speeds and increasing solar radiation. In very dry regions, humidity declines as temperatures warm, Albano says she is not yet sure why the sunlight and wind are changing.
Rising evaporative demand adds to the pressure as the west continues to endure the great drought conditions that have not been seen for 1,200 years. The increase contributed to low spring runoff from the Sierra Nevada in 2021, when much less stream water came from snow than predicted, A thirstier atmosphere also dried out western forests, leading to larger wildfires.
“The study shows that resource managers really have to think a lot about how we make sure that we’re controlling the amount of water that we’re all using,” says Caroline, a Columbia scientist.
32. What do Nevada and Albano both try to do in paragraph 2?
A. Illustrate a term. B. Define the atmosphere.
C. Explain a cause of the temperature change. D. Describe the phenomenon of global warming.
33. How did Albano and her colleagues mainly conduct the study?
A. By analyzing statistics. B. By making assumptions.
C. By carrying out a questionnaire survey. D. By performing a laboratory experiment.
34. Which is most likely to contribute to evaporative demand?
A. High humidity. B. Low temperature.
C. Declining solar radiation. D. Rising wind speed.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Drought in the West of the US B. The Thirsty Atmosphere in the US
C. How to Control Evaporative Demand D. The Way to Make Good Use of Water
【答案】32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要指出研究发现“蒸发需求”是导致美国干旱的因素之一。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Evaporative demand can be thought of as a “laundry-drying quotient (指数)”. Nevada, a climatologist, explains, “When hanging the laundry or washing outside, we know that it’s going to dry best and fastest if it’s warm, sunny, windy and dry.” Study lead author Albano says, “This quotient does not simply increase upward alongside climate warming; it increases exponentially. With a one-to-two-degree rise in temperature, we’re getting much larger increases in evaporative demand.”(蒸发需求可以被认为是“洗衣烘干指数”。 Nevada是一位气候学家，他解释道：“当把衣服挂在外面或洗衣服时，我们知道，如果天气温暖、阳光充足、刮风和干燥，它会干燥得最好、最快。”该研究的主要作者Albano说，“这个指数并不是随着气候变暖而简单地向上增加，而是呈指数级增长。随着气温上升一到二度，我们的蒸发需求将大幅增加。”)”可知，Nevada和Albano所说的话是为了解释第一段提到的“蒸发需求”这个术语。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“To measure how atmospheric thirst has been changing, Albano and her colleagues examined five data sets covering 1980 to 2020 that included temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and humidity (湿度)—all of which contribute to evaporative demand. (为了测量大气口渴是如何变化的，Albano和她的同事研究了1980年至2020年的五个数据集，包括温度、风速、太阳辐射和湿度——所有这些都有助于蒸发需求)”可知，Albano和她的同事们主要通过分析数据的方式进行研究。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Along with higher temperatures and lower humidity, the study also noted rising wind speeds and increasing solar radiation. (除了更高的温度和更低的湿度，研究还注意到风速的上升和太阳辐射的增加。)”可知，增加“蒸发需求”的是更高的温度、更低的湿度、上升的太阳辐射和增加的风速。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据一段“Drought is typically thought of as a simple lack of rain and snow. But evaporative (蒸发的) demand — a term describing the atmosphere’s capacity to-pull water from the ground — is also a major factor.(干旱通常被认为只是缺少雨雪。但蒸发需求——一个描述大气从地面吸收水分的能力的术语——也是一个主要因素)”，第三段的“A new study shows the atmosphere over much of the US has grown a lot thirstier over the past 40 years. (一项新的研究表明，在过去的40年里，美国大部分地区的大气变得更加干燥)”和倒数第二段“Rising evaporative demand adds to the pressure as the west continues to endure the great drought conditions that have not been seen for 1,200 years. (随着西部地区继续忍受1200年来从未出现过的严重干旱，蒸发需求的增加增加了压力)”可知，文章主要介绍蒸发导致大气变得干燥，而“蒸发需求”的增加使美国的干旱情况更加严重。B项“The Thirsty Atmosphere in the US(美国干燥的大气)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was a radio presenter for many years, including hosting a music show. I soon noticed that almost everyone chose music from the same period: when they were in their teens or early twenties. ___36___
Firstly, we tend to have a different good memory between the ages of about ten and thirty. ___37___ The second reason is that music is a powerful trigger for our emotions, which in turn spark our memories. The music in our teen years is likely to have lots of emotions to understand, so even a very small part of a particular song can bring powerful feelings and memories flooding back.
___38___ It can have a calming effect, putting you in a relaxed mood, ready, to remember. Rhythms and rhymes are great memory aids. And when we love a song, we tend to repeat it over and over, again. Singing or playing something can even activate “muscle memory”, and there are many cases of people with severe memory loss still being able to perform music they learned decades ago.
So the next time you hear a familiar song, put it to good use, to explore and exercise your memory. Think about the places and people it reminds you of and the emotions it brings. ___39___ Remember a particular time in your life, think about the music you listened to then and let it take you back, following the connections as you piece together the past.
You can also use music when you’ re learning. ___40___ If you’re dealing with several topics, play different styles of music while learning different things.
Experiment to see what works for you, Songs can have a powerful impact on memory, and that should be music to everyone’s ears!
A. There are two very good reasons for that.
B. The following practical suggestions are just for you.
C. There are further ways in which music boosts recall.
D. Find recordings that energize your thinking in your study.
E. Some people use music to make themselves fall asleep faster.
F. You may feel as if you rediscover the richest details of your past.
G. Most of us have more novel and exciting memorable experiences then.
【答案】36. A 37. G 38. C 39. F 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述音乐对记忆力的促进作用。
【36题详解】
上文“I soon noticed that almost everyone chose music from the same period: when they were in their teens or early twenties.(我很快注意到，几乎每个人都选择了同一时期的音乐：在他们十几岁或二十出头的时候)”提到人们都会选择十几岁或者二十出头时期的音乐，下一段解释了两个原因，故A项“有两个很好的理由”承上启下，故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Firstly, we tend to have a different good memory between the ages of about ten and thirty.(首先，在10岁到30岁之间，我们的记忆力很好且有所不同)”可知，在10岁到30岁之间，我们的记忆力很好且有所不同，G项“我们大多数人都有更新奇、更令人兴奋、更难忘的经历”进一步描述10到30岁这段时期的特点，符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“It can have a calming effect, putting you in a relaxed mood, ready, to remember. Rhythms and rhymes are great memory aids. And when we love a song, we tend to repeat it over and over, again.(它可以有一种镇静的效果，让你心情放松，准备好记住。节奏和押韵是很好的记忆工具。当我们喜欢一首歌时，我们倾向于一遍又一遍地重复它)”可知，本段是描述音乐对记忆力有好处，C项“音乐还可以通过其他方式提高记忆力”符合语境，下文中的“It”指代C项中的“music”，故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“Think about the places and people it reminds you of and the emotions it brings.(想想它让你想起的地方和人，以及它带给你的情感)”提到想想歌曲让你想起的地方和人，以及它带给你的情感，空处应是描述结果，想起了什么，F项“你可能会觉得你重新发现了你过去最丰富的细节”符合语境，故选F。
【40题详解】
根据上文“You can also use music when you’ re learning.(你也可以在学习的时候使用音乐)”及下文“If you’re dealing with several topics, play different styles of music while learning different things.(如果你要处理几个主题，在学习不同的东西的同时演奏不同风格的音乐)”可知，本段是有关音乐和学习，可以在学习时播放一些有益的音乐，D项“找一些能激发你学习思维的录音”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“The family are demanding to speak to a doctor,” said a nurse at the end of the phone. “They’re anxious that their daughter won’t be able to, get a job.” Then I was checking the ___41___ of the psychiatric(精神病的)hospital. I was sure that ___42___ advice wasn’t part of my job responsibilities, so I began to ___43___ . However, the nurse begged, “Doctor Brown, please come here.”
I made my way to that room, and was met by the young girl’s ___44___ parents. I read through the ___45___ while the nurse poured them water. They said “thanks”, and then talked about their worries about their daughter. From the notes and their words, I learned the young girl, Melissa, was ___46___ with exams and suffered from ___47___ .
Melissa was a promising student and ___48___ to become an accountant. Last night, however, after ___49___ Melissa up, I said she should stay in hospital. Her father disagreed, “Don’t bother. We’ll look after her at home until she gets better.”
Why did Melissa’s father ____50____ hospitalization when his daughter was depressed for so long ____51____ the pressure of exams? Eventually I began to ____52____ . Her mother explained, “We’re worried about our daughter’s future. If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital, she’ll ____53____ get a job.”
I told the couple that it was against the law to ____54____ against people on the grounds of mental illness. I added, “Compulsory admission to hospital under the Mental Health Act is intended to have ____55____ consequences for their life, not negative ones.” Luckily, what I said dawned on them, and Melissa got good treatment.
41. A. wards B. counters C. offices D. cafeterias
42. A. exam B. illness C. career D. safety
43. A. applaud B. admit C. pronounce D. protest
44. A. carefree B. stricken C. happy D. impolite
45. A. bills B. newspapers C. notes D. advertisements
46. A. content B. familiar C. pleased D. stressed
47. A. depression B. abuse C. violence D. injustice
48. A. agreed B. desired C. hesitated D. failed
49. A. checking B. bringing C. tying D. picking
50. A. favour B. propose C. direct D. oppose
51. A. regardless of B. free of C. in case of D. on account of
52. A. investigate B. apologize C. understand D. improve
53. A. never B. always C. hopefully D. potentially
54. A. vote B. discriminate C. fight D. insure
55. A. ignorant B. impossible C. positive D. temporary
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者遇到一位名叫Melissa的病人，因为考试压力患上了抑郁症，女孩的父母怕影响女儿找工作，不愿意让她住院接受治疗，最后在作者的劝说下他们理解了作者的话，并且让Melissa得到了很好的治疗。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我检查了精神病院的病房。A. wards病房；B. counters柜台；C. offices办公室；D. cafeterias自助餐厅，咖啡厅。根据上文““The family are demanding to speak to a doctor,” said a nurse at the end of the phone.”可知，作者是一名医生，因此表示检查病房。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确信职业建议不是我工作职责的一部分，所以我开始抗议。A. exam考试；B. illness疾病；C. career职业生涯；D. safety安全。根据“They’re anxious that their daughter won’t be able to, get a job.”可知，作者觉得职业建议不是自己的本职工作。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. applaud鼓掌；B. admit承认；C. pronounce发音；D. protest抗议。根据“I was sure that ___2___ advice wasn’t part of my job responsibilities”可知，作者认为职业建议不是自己的本职工作，因此开始抗议。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我向那个房间走去，迎接我的是那年轻姑娘伤心欲绝的父母。A. carefree无忧无虑的；B. stricken患病的，受煎熬的；C. happy高兴的；D. impolite不礼貌的。根据“and then talked about their worries about their daughter”可知，因为担心女儿的病情，所以备受煎熬。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士给我倒水的时候，我把笔记看了一遍。A. bills账单；B. newspapers报纸；C. notes笔记，便条；D. advertisements广告。根据下文“From the notes and their words”可知，此处是信息词notes的词汇复现。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从笔记和他们的话语中，我了解到这个年轻的女孩，Melissa，考试压力很大，患有抑郁症。A. content满足的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. pleased高兴的；D. stressed有压力的。根据下文“the pressure of exams”可知，此处表示，女孩考试压力很大。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. depression沮丧，抑郁；B. abuse滥用，虐待；C. violence暴力；D. injustice不公正。根据下文“Why did Melissa’s father ___10___ hospitalization when his daughter was depressed for so long ___11___ the pressure of exams?”可知，女孩患有抑郁症。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melissa是一个很有前途的学生，她渴望成为一名会计。A. agreed同意；B. desired渴望；C. hesitated犹豫；D. failed失败。根据“to become an accountant”可知，她渴望成为一名会计。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，昨晚，在给Melissa做了检查后，我说她应该住院。A. checking检查；B. bringing带来；C. tying（用线，绳等）系；D. picking挑选。根据“I said she should stay in hospital.”可知，应该是做了检查后，建议住院。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melissa的父亲为什么反对在女儿因为考试压力而抑郁了这么长时间的情况下住院治疗？A. favour赞成，有利于；B. propose提议，建议；C. direct指导，指示；D. oppose反对。根据“Her father disagreed”可知，父亲反对女儿住院。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. free of摆脱了……的；C. in case of万一；D. on account of因为，由于。根据“the pressure of exams”可知，女儿因为考试压力大，患上抑郁症。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我开始明白了。A. investigate调查，研究；B. apologize道歉；C. understand理解，明白；D. improve提高，改善。根据“Her mother explained, “We’re worried about our daughter’s future. If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital, she’ll ___13___ get a job.””可知，听了妈妈的解释，作者明白了父亲为什么反对女儿住院。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果她在精神病院接受过治疗，她永远也找不到工作。A. never从未；B. always总是；C. hopefully有希望地；D. potentially有潜力地。根据“If she has been treated in a psychiatric hospital,”可知，父母担心如果女儿在精神病院接受过治疗，将会找不到工作。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉那对夫妇，以精神疾病为由歧视别人是违法的。A. vote选举；B. discriminate歧视；C. fight战斗；D. insure保证，确保。根据“people on the grounds of mental illness”可知，以精神疾病为由歧视别人是违法的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我补充说:“根据《精神卫生法》，强制入院是为了对他们的生活产生积极的影响，而不是消极的影响。”A. ignorant无知的，愚昧的；B. impossible不可能的；C. positive积极的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“not negative ones”可知，此处和negative意思相反，应该是positive（积极的）。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A report showed that a crowd of ____56____ (resident) of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, ____57____ (sing) and danced on Saturday to celebrate the coming of Jingzhe or the Awakening of Insects. The event ____58____ (involve) Yao people exhibiting their grand traditional costumes, singing folk songs, performing tai chi and dragon dances and dancing on paddle boards or boats, impressed tourists with the unique Yao culture.
Jingzhe is the ____59____ (three) solar term of the 24 terms ____60____ (define) by the traditional Chinese calendar. It falls on March 6 and ends on March 20 this year, which means ____61____ sharp rise in temperature and increased rainfall. The name suggests animals sleeping in winter ____62____ (awaken) by spring thunder. For farmers, it becomes a term ____63____ marks the start of spring work. It is the best time for farmers to sow, so they will be busy in order to have a harvest in autumn.
“The event, ____64____ the natural landscape serving as the stage and the members of the public acting as major performers, is aimed ____65____ (promote) rural art, culture and tourism,” said Zou Fuqiao, an official of the Culture, Tourism, Radio, Film and Sports Bureau of Jjianghua Yao Autonomous County.
【答案】56. residents
57. sang 58. involving
59. third 60. defined
61. a 62. are awakened##will be awakened
63. that##which
64. with 65. to promote
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。文章对此进行了报道。
【56题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：一份报告显示，周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。resident意为“居民”，为可数名词，在a crowd of后应用复数形式。故填residents。
【57题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：一份报告显示，周六，湖南省江华瑶族自治县的一群居民载歌载舞，庆祝惊蛰的到来。根据“and danced”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填sang。
【58题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在这场活动中，瑶族人民展示了他们华丽的传统服装，唱着民歌，表演太极和舞龙，在桨板或船上跳舞，给游客留下了独特的瑶族文化印象。动词involve意为“包括”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语event构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填involving。
【59题详解】
考查序数词。句意：惊蛰是中国传统历法二十四节气中的第三个节气。根据“of the 24 terms”可知，此处是指惊蛰是第三个节气，所以应用序数词third表示“第三个”。故填third。
【60题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：惊蛰是中国传统历法二十四节气中的第三个节气。动词define意为“给……下定义，解释”，和系动词之间没有连词，根据“by the traditional Chinese calendar”可知，和逻辑主语the 24 terms构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填defined。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：今年的寒潮从3月6日开始，到3月20日结束，这意味着气温急剧上升，降雨量增加。rise意为“（数量或水平的）增加，提高”，为可数名词，此处表示“一次出现”，所以应用不定冠词。sharp的开头发音为辅音。故填a。
【62题详解】
考查一般现在时或一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这个名字意味着冬眠的动物会被春天的雷声惊醒。根据“by spring thunder”可知，此处应用被动语态。此处描述客观规律，所以应用一般现在时。也可以理解为在惊蛰冬眠的动物会被春天的雷声惊醒，所以应用一般将来时。故填are awakened/will be awakened。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：对农民来说，它成为了一个标志着春季工作开始的术语。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为term，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：晋江华瑶族自治县文化、旅游、广播、电影和体育局官员邹福桥说：“这次活动以自然景观为舞台，公众作为主要表演者，旨在促进农村艺术、文化和旅游。”根据“the natural landscape serving as the stage and the members of the public acting as major performers”可知，此处为with复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，在句中作状语。故填with。
【65题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：晋江华瑶族自治县文化、旅游、广播、电影和体育局官员邹福桥说：“这次活动以自然景观为舞台，公众作为主要表演者，旨在促进农村艺术、文化和旅游。”be aimed to do意为“旨在，目的是”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式。故填to promote。
第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，请你给外教John写一封邮件邀请他做一次关于“英语学习与英语文化”的讲座，内容包括：
1. 讲座的时间和地点;
2. 讲座的对象和内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear John,
I’m Li Hua, the director of the English Club in our school. Exceptionally impressed by your illuminating insight into the English language, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a speech about it.
The speech, especially designed for our school senior students, is scheduled in the hall from 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, next Friday. To acquaint students with a general knowledge of English culture and promote their English learning, you are expected to talk about the customs and history of English - speaking countries and some ways of learning English. Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
All of us are greatly anticipating your presence. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，请你给外教John写一封邮件邀请他做一次关于“英语学习与英语文化”的讲座，内容包括：讲座的时间和地点；讲座的对象和内容。
【详解】1.词汇积累
极其，非常：exceptionally→extremely
发表演讲：deliver a speech → give a speech
回答：answer→rely
常识：general knowledge→ common knowledge
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
拓展句：If time permits, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.（运用了现在分词的独立主格结构和过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】To acquaint students with a general knowledge of English culture and promote their English learning, you are expected to talk about the customs and history of English - speaking countries and some ways of learning English.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As an undergraduate in a university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Catherine had volunteered at the Hope Rescue Mission in her hometown with her mother who served as the shelter’s development director. After working with the homeless and receiving cards from her mom in the mail, Catherine decided to begin her project. “You’ve Got Mail”. She had a huge heart for those in need.
For the people that she was helping, she saw the homelessness firsthand and it was a battle. She thought no one wanted to choose to be homeless, and she always donated the basic needs, including the toiletries, the shampoos and toothbrushes.
In her mind, individuals facing homelessness certainly suffered physically, but for many, the emotional suffering was even more painful. Feeling alone and hopeless cut deeper than feeling hungry and cold. Therefore, she held it that, a kind gesture, such as her project about encouragement cards, could be that light in someone’s day to keep them striving and hoping for a better tomorrow.
One day, she shared her idea with her mother, “I was thinking of a box filled with holiday cards. I want to do something to make the homeless with empty hearts smile, letting them know many people still care about them.” Her mother, smiled and said, “Just do it and spread your love!”
Then Catherine launched a holiday card drive for the homeless after being inspired by volunteering at the shelter. She collected 2,000 cards, surpassing her original goal of 500 in just a few weeks.
Catherine’s compassion for others didn’t stop at just feeling sympathy for them in their hardships. She also followed her mother’s advice to look for ways to help them beat those hardships through her kindness.
So Catherine asked her online friends for holiday-themed cards, and soon, her inbox was flooded with people offering to help. Amazingly, the people she knew, the people she hadn’t spoken to since primary school, and the people she had never spoken to before, sent the cards to her. Then she asked for cards from anyone. She was not turning down any. She thought it was really great to accept them.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In honor of the “You’ve Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone’s life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In honor of the “You’ve Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party. In the party, she met a group of her good friends who offered her a large number of cards. She also ran into a company’s manager, who donated many bags and accessories to her. Besides, among the participants were some famous media that sang high praise for Catherine’s kind deeds, calling on the world to follow suit. They made the cards together. Catherine said to her followers with sincerity, “I’ll continue to distribute the cards and bags to the homeless on the street and at local shelters.”
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone’s life. She appealed to the world to care for the poor, and meanwhile urged the poor to speak up for themselves. Up till now, she has conducted interviews with some of them and put together a video to be on air in society. She listened to their stories, learning about their health conditions, their families and their dreams. In her humble opinion, simply because you only pass them on the street, you know nothing about them. So the biggest thing is just to listen because everybody has a story, from which you can find out how to help.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。主人公凯瑟琳在大学时做志愿者帮助了很多无家可归的人，所以在她毕业后，她开展了自己的“你有一封邮件”的项目，给无家可归的人寄送鼓励贺卡。在项目进行的过程中，也有无数人不断向凯瑟琳寄卡片。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“为了纪念“你收到了邮件”倡议，凯瑟琳和她的母亲举办了一个贺卡制作派对。”可知，第一段可描写凯瑟琳在派对上和参与派对的人之间的互动。
②由第二段首句内容“凯瑟琳希望她的项目能提醒其他人去改变别人的生活。”可知，第二段可描写凯瑟琳为无家可归的人进行发声，呼吁大家关心穷人、帮助穷人。
2. 续写线索：凯瑟琳做大学志愿者——决定开展鼓励卡项目——凯瑟琳收集鼓励卡——开展制作贺卡派对——呼吁社会关心穷人
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①主办：host/hold
②提供：offer/supply/give
③高度赞扬：sing high praise/speak highly of
④呼吁：call on/appeal to/urge
情感类
①友善的：kind/sweet/friendly
②真诚：sincerity/honesty/earnesty/good faith
③谦虚的：humble/modest
【点睛】【高分句型1】In the party, she met a group of her good friends who offered her a large number of cards.（使用了who引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, among the participants were some famous media that sang high praise for Catherine’s kind deeds, calling on the world to follow suit.（使用了that引导定语从句）
【高分句型3】So the biggest thing is just to listen because everybody has a story, from which you can find out how to help.（使用了from which引导非限制性定语从句）
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