【暑假初升高】外研版英语九年级（升高一）暑假预习-第02讲-时态语态 讲学案

第02讲 时态语态

       【学习目标】

1. 复习初高中英语常见时态结构和标志词。
2. 掌握被动语态结构和考点。

        【基础知识】

时态复习

课前检测：

1.  There _______ six countries in SCO (上合组织) at first, but now the number has increased to eight.

  A. is   B. are   C. were  D. will be

2. —Jack,remember ______ off the lights when ______ your bedroom.

—OK,I won’t forget,Mom.

A.turning;leaving     B.to turn;leave    C.turning;left    D.to turn;leaving

3. —When is the school art festival?

—It will be held on time if it         next Monday.

A. don’t rain   B. won’t rain   C. doesn’t rain   D. didn’t rain

4. They don't live here any longer. They______ to Chengdu last month.

A. move        B. moved        C. will move    D. are moving

5.  Before the sun ______, we need to get to the top of the mountain.

   A. set     B. sets    C. is setting   D. will set

6. —Simon, do you know who invented the kite?

—Sure! It ________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.

A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented

7.  —We ________ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday.

—That’s amazing!

A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go

8. They ______ about a comedy at this time yesterday.

A. were talking             B. are talking

C. have talked              D. will talk

9. The TV news reports that there ________ a storm the day after tomorrow.

A. is                    B. was

C. will be                D. has been

10. Yesterday, I _______the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.

A. took B. was taking C. had taken

11. I          to the West Lake four times, but I will go there again this summer.

A. have gone  B. have been  C. went    D. had gone

   【考点剖析】

常见时态：现在时态，过去时态，将来时态

语态：    主动语态和被动语态

时态考点连连看：

考点一：一般现在时：

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

考点1： 永恒的真理

考点2： “ 主可将从必现” 

时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;

条件：if, unless, provided/providing (that), so/as long as

考点3：make sure /certain that , see to it that 等＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时

考点4：the + 比较级…,  the + 比较级… (越……就越……) 

例1．【单句填空】

1. I learned that the earth _____ around the sun when I was in primary school.（go)

2. If he ____ the job, he will get more money soon. (accept)

3. So long as he______ hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.(work)

4. The harder you_____, the better results you will get.(study)

考点二、 一般过去时：

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now,

at the age of 5, one day, long, long ago, once upon a time, etc.

例2．【针对练习】

1.(全国I) Edward, you play so well. But I __________ you played the piano.

A. didn’t know       B. hadn’t known       C. don’t know        D. haven’t known

2.(北京) Scientists have many theories about how the universe __________ into being.

A. came            B. was coming         C. had come         D. would come

3.(北京) When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ up, her voice had been full of life.

A. were hanging     B. had hung            C. hung            D. would hang

考点三、一般将来时：

时间状语： tomorrow , next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc

考点1： will + v. (原)

       be going to do

考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

I ______ for Beijing tomorrow (leave).

考点3： 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句

Use your head and you ______ a way (find).

句式变换(1)

(Give me )one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.

More effort, and you will succeed.

 句式变换(2)

Given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

例3．【针对练习】

1. _____ on the top of the tower and you’ll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.

A. Standing          B. Stand          C. To stand          D. Stand

2. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given       B. To give         C. Giving           D. Given

。

考点四、 现在进行时： am/is/are doing; am/is/are being done

时间状语：now, at the moment, these days等

小贴士：主要考查根据上下文语境来判断

例4．【针对练习】

(陕西) It is reported that many a new house _______ at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built        B. were being built      C. was being built        D. is being built

考点: 频度副词，如always, constantly, continually等和现在进行时态连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。

考点五、 过去进行时：was/were doing; was/were being done

表示过去某个时间或某段时间正在做或一直在做的某事。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句等。

例5．【针对练习】

1.(四川) The telephone _________, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.

A. had rung        B. was ringing         C. rings        D. has rung

2.(全国II) --Is this anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

-- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _______ of my friends back home.

A. have just thought                 B. was just thinking

C. would just think                  D. will just be thinking

考点六、现在完成时（重点）：have/has done; have/has been done

时间状语：in the past/last few years, lately；recently, just，up to now, till now, so far, these days，for+时间段；since+过去时间点

例6．【针对练习】

 (全国课标I) When you are home, give a call to let me know you _______ safely.

A. are arriving        B. have arrived        C. had arrived        D. will arrive

考点1：It/ This/ That is + 序数词+ time+ that…   表示“这是…第几次做某事”

考点2：It is the only / the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that…

针对练习:

填空: 

1. It/This is my first time that I _____________ China.  (visit)

2. This is the most interesting film I_____________.  (see)

3. That is the only book that he ______________. (write)

单项填空:

(陕西) This is the first time we __________ film in the cinema together as a family.

A. see         B. had seen           C. saw            D. have seen

考点七 、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)

例7．【针对练习】

 1.   I’m sure you will do better in the test because you _______ so hard this year.

A. studied        B. had studied        C. will study        D. have been studying

2. I’m tired out. I _______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.

A. shopped       B. have shopped      C. had shopped      D. have been shopping

温馨小贴士：

1. 多表说话人的态度、感情色彩

2. 现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者

3. 和一般过去时态的区别

考点八、过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done

时间状语：(1) three years before, 

          (2) by+   过去时间

                   the end of + 过去时间

                   the time that….(过去时间)

          (3) when, before引导的时间状语从句

考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than  

考点二：It/This/ That was the 序数词+ time + that…

考点三： had hoped to do / that…  表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。

类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等

 I had meant to go away but couldn’t get rid of the children.

拓展：v. + to have done (以上动词适用)

I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.

例8．【针对练习】

1)        There_________ 25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)

2)        By the end of last term we __________ the book. (finish)

3)        They finished earlier than we ___________. (expect)

4)        I had __________ my work when he came to see me. (finish)

5)        I had no sooner got into the room than it __________ to snow.(begin)

6)        No sooner________ I __________home than the telephone rang. (arrive) （注意主谓倒装）

7)        That was the second time that she ____________her grandfather. (see)

8)        It _________ 3 years since we parted. ( be)

9)        I ________ that I could do the job. ( hope)

10)     I _________ to see you but I was too busy. (intend)

九、  过去将来时态： would do; was/ were going to do

十、  Will be doing

被动语态考查要点

   英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+ by +动作执行者+ with +工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。

 构成 ：be/get + 过去分词

考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。

感官动词：

使役动词：

The boss made him work all day long. ___________________________________________________.

考点2）It is said /reported/ known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … “据说/报道…; 人们说…”

= Sb is said/reported/… to do/ to be doing/ to be done

考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。

    ①所有的不及物动词（词组） 如：happen, take place, break out等。

    ②表示归属的动词 如：have、own、belong to等。

考点4） 主动形式表被动意义

 ① feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系动词用时；

②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。

   This kind of cloth washes easily.

   These novels won’t sell well.

   My pen writes smoothly.

 ③want, require, need“需要”+ v-ing表示被动

 ④be(well) worth doing

 ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。

  This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

  The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）

考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。

   be seated坐着        He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）

   be lost迷路

   be drunk喝醉

   be dressed穿着       The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

巩固练习

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G 　　　 (consider). 

2.These dams are sometimes six or seven hundred feet in length, and they 　　　(construct) so delicately that they look more like the work of man than of little dumb beasts.  

3.Later, Nelson 　　　(award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.  

4.Over the years the topics which were controversial at the time 　　　(discuss) and debated. 

Ⅱ.单句改错

5.Every one of you are encouraged to visit it.　　　　　 

6.The voluntary activity was offered us an opportunity to contribute to our society.　　　　　 

7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them.　　　　　 

8.Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times.　　　　　 

        【真题演练】

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.A representative who 　　　(see) his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave. 

2.It 　　　(be) a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading. 

3.Additionally, the kinds of facial make-up(脸谱) 　　　(be) the most particular art in Peking opera. 

4.It is said Lu Ban, who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, 　　　(invent) the kite. 

5.Especially famous is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little of that wall 　　　(remain). 

6.According to the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative 　　　(help) to promote “equality for all children in the next generation”.  

7.The humble man 　　　(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. 

8.Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain (瓷器), began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it 　　　 (be) an important Chinese export. 

9.It 　　　(become) separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC. 

10.(江苏,22)The musician along with his band members　　　(give)ten performances in the last three months. 

       【过关检测】

1. My sister bought a kind of cloth. This kind of cloth _______.

A. fell very soft       B. feels very soft         C. is felt very soft       D. feels very softly

2. I’d rather you ________tomorrow.

A. came            B. come                  C. comes             D. coming

3. Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.

 A. arrive       B. arrives          C. arrived         D. will arrive

4. Do you know if _______back next week? If he ______ back, please let me know.

A. he comes, will come     B. will he come, comes     C. he will come, comes   D. will he come, will come

5. I have a lot of work to do, because I _______tomorrow.

A. leave         B. am leaving       C. would leave     D. leaving

6. I have left the company, and now I _____ in the bank.

A. work         B. am working      C. have worked     D. is working

7. Mary _______a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made        B, is making        C. was making       D. make

8. It is the third time that the boy______.

A. was late      B. has been late      C. is late       D. had been late

9. Don't worry. Your package  _______  here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.

 A. will keep          B. has kept               C. will be kept       D. has been kept

10. Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.

A. have happened   B. have taken place   C. have been happened    D. have been taken place

11. By the end of last term we __________ the book. (finish)

12. This kind of cloth ________ easily. (wash)

13. Great changes ________since you_______.

A. have taken place, have left    B. have been taken place, have left      C. have taken place, left

语法填空

                                           Passage 1

Ocean pollution 　1　 (be) serious. It can 　2　 (kill) ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.  

Pollution in the oceans severely 　3　 (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As 　4　 result, their bellies 　5　 (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals. 

Ocean pollution 　6　 (cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result 　7　 disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 　8　 (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.  

Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.

In 　9　 (conclude), it’s clear that ocean pollution is a 　10　 (challenge)problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it. 

Passage 2

These days, 　1　 women and men 　2　 (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 　3　 (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 　4　 (change).  

Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of models we 　5　 (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up 　6　 a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody 　7　 (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles 　8　 Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 　9　 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).  

But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is 　10　 (important) than appearance.