【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第5讲：词汇专项讲学案

这是一份【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第5讲：词汇专项讲学案，文件包含暑假提升牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第5讲词汇专项讲学案教师版docx、暑假提升牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第5讲词汇专项讲学案学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
课程主题：
第5讲：词汇专项
教学目标：
掌握常考词汇题的解题方法和变形方式

教学内容
【进门测试】

用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. A fairy ___________(help) the girl.

2. Don’t __________(take) off your coat.

3. Let ________(we) go and have a look.

4. The shoes don’t__________(fit) me.

5. Do you like__________(read) newspaper?

6. Do you _____________(understand) that story?

7. Who_________(have) to go back now?

8. She _________(come) and ___________(visit) every house.

9. I don’t have__________(some) new clothes.
答案：1.helps 2. take 3.us 4.fit 5.reading 6.understand 7. has 8. comes visits 9.any

【多元导学】


放暑假了，有没有一种魔法能帮我记单词呢？



【互动精讲】

批注：知识点精讲与练习。建议时间为60分钟。
【知识梳理1】词性转换的概念
词性转换：指同一词根派生出来的名词（复数）、形容词、副词、数词、动词、过去式、动名词（动词的in
g形式）以及反义词等词性的相互转换。
【例题精讲】
例：根据所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Li Ping is good at _________. ( draw)
2.Alice wants to do some__________. (shop)
3.Excuse me, what is the__________ of this word? (mean)
答案: drawing shopping meaning
批注：让学生根据词性转换的概念找出各个单词之间的转换规律，告诉学生这样的词就是词性转换。

【知识梳理2】词性的主要分类
词性分类
例词
名词
sky, cloud, wind...
动词
play, kick...
形容词
nice, cute ...
副词
quickly, fast...
数词
one, two, three...
代词
it, they, me...
介词
in, at, on, after, before...
......
......









批注：可以让学生多举几个例子。

【知识梳理3】可数名词单数变复数
1.一般情况加s。如：boy—boys, chair—chairs
2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加es。如：box—boxes, watch—watches
3.以辅音y结尾的去y变i加es。 如：strawberry—strawberries
4.以fe, f结尾的, 把fe,f变成ve, 加s。如：knife—knives, wife—wives
5.特殊词。如：man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice
【例题精讲】
例：写出下列单词的复数。
sheep goose foot tooth
photo tomato potato bus
box leaf knife butterfly
boy horse zoo mouse
答案: sheep geese feet teeth photos tomatoes potatoes buses boxes leaves knives butterflies
boys horses zoos mice
【知识梳理4】动词变名词
直接加“er”,以字母“e”结尾的加“r”
如：
1. teach—teacher 2.work—worker 3.swim—swimmer 4.drive—driver
5. play—player 6.speak—speaker 7.write—writer 8.run-runner
【例题精讲】
例：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Do you want to be a _________ (write)?
2.My ___________ is a kind man(teach).
3.__________ are very important in our country(work).
答案: writer teacher Workers
【知识梳理5】动词变三单规律
1.大多数动词在词尾加s，如plays, wants, swims等。
批注：在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops [s] make－makes [s]②read
－reads [z] play－plays [z]。
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的，要先将y变为i，然后在加es读[iz]。如： fly－flies [iz]; carry－carries [iz]; study－studies [iz]; worry－worries[iz]。
3.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的，在词尾加es，发音为[iz]。 如：teach－teaches [iz]。
4.以o结尾的动词，加es，读[z]。 如：go－goes [z]; do－does [z]。
5.还有一个特殊变化需要我们特别记住: have的三单形式为has。
【例题精讲】
例：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Mrs Li _________ us English, she is our____________(teach).
2. Do you ______ (have) Maths today?
答案: teaches teacher have
【知识梳理6】动词的过去式
1. 一般在词尾加-ed, help-helped；
2. 以不发音e结尾的词加-d, 如 live-lived；
3. 以元音字母＋y结尾时，加-ed，如： play-played；以辅音字母＋y结尾时，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study
-studied；
4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ed。如：stop-stopped；
5.不规则动词过去式变化表：
原形
过去式
am ,is
was
are
were
begin
began
break
broke
bring
brought
build
built
buy
bought
can
could
catch
caught
come
came
do
did
draw
drew
drink
drank
drive
drove
eat
ate
fall
fell
feed
fed
feel
felt
find
found
fly
flew
forget
forgot
get
got
go
went
have,has
had
hear
heard
hold
held
keep
kept
know
knew
learn
learnt
leave
left
let
let
make
made
may
might
mean
meant
meet
met
must
must
put
put
read
read
run
ran
ride
rode
ring
rang
say
said
see
saw
sell
sold
sing
sang
sit
sat
sleep
slept
speak
spoke
stand
stood
swim
swam
take
took
teach
taught
tell
told
think
thought
throw
threw
understand
understood
win
won










批注：可以以提问的形式进行复习。
【例题精讲】
例：写出下列动词的过去式。
sing eat see have do
go buy __________get read fly
am/is are say leave tell
draw come lose swim take
find drink hurt feel
答案: sang ate saw had did went bought got read flew was were said left told drew came lost swam took found drank hurt felt
【知识梳理7】动名词（动词的ing形式）
主要是用在be 动词后面与其构成现在进行时，另外还有一些固定搭配，如like doing sth, be good at doing sth等。
【例题精讲】
例：写出下列动词的动名词形式。
swim dance cook ride
wait walk have swing
run eat fly write sit_________
答案: swimming, dancing, cooking, riding, waiting, walking, having, swinging, running, eating, flying, writing, sitting

【知识梳理8】基数词变序数词规律
1.one→first， two→second， three→third这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eight→eighth，nine→ninth， 八去t，九去e后再加-th; five→fifth，twelve→twelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twenty→twentieth， thirty→
thirtieth... 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first。
2. 口诀：一、二、三，特殊记，t，d，d；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，整十y要改成i和e，还有th莫忘记；要是几十几，只变各位就可以。

【知识梳理9】单词的反义词
big（大的）---- small（小的） bad（坏的）----- good（好的）
black（黑的）----- white（白的） cold（冷的）----- hot（热的）
cool（凉爽的）----- warm（温暖的） come（来）----- go（去）
cry（哭）----- laugh（笑） different（不同的）----- same（相同的）
dirty（脏的）----- clean（干净的） day（白天）----- night（夜晚）
early（早的）----- late（迟的） fast（快的）----- slow（慢的）
happy（高兴的）----- sad（悲伤的） inside（里面的）----- outside（外面的）
in（里面）----- out（外面） left（左）----- right（右）
new（新的）----- old（旧的） open（开）----- close（关）
quick（快的）----- slow（慢的） stand（站）----- sit（坐）
short（矮的）----- tall(高的） short（短的）----- long（长的）
thick（厚的）----- thin（薄的） thin（瘦的）----- fat（肥的）
up（向上）------ down（向下） wrong（错的）----- right（对的）
weak（弱的）----- strong（强壮的） young（年轻的）----- old（年老的）
【例题精讲】
例：写出下列单词的反义词。
big long strong tall young
left cold close bad happy __________
strict far smaller come black
on behind expensive
答案: small short weak short old right hot open good sad kind close bigger
go white under before/in front of cheap


【知识梳理10】单词的完整形式及缩略形式
it’s I’m he’s
she’s you’re they’re
what’s where’s there’re
there’s who’s that’s
we’re don’t doesn’t
didn’t can’t haven’t let’s
答案: it is, I am, he is, she is, you are, they are, what is, where is, there are, there is, who is, that is, we are, do not, does not, did not, can not, have not, let us
【知识梳理11】同音词和近义词
英语常见同音词:
no—know see—sea hi—high I—eye for—four son—sun
our—hour here—hear two—too there—their right—write
英语常见近义词：
listen —hear class —lesson glad —happy
like —love look —see little —small
start —begin learn—study usually —often
【例题精讲】
例：写出下列单词的对应词。
boy those day Mr
man mother aunt brother
knife village he healthy
答案: girl; these; night; Mrs; woman; father; uncle; sister; fork; town/city; she; weak/unhealthy

【知识梳理12】比较级，最高级变化规律
1. 比较级直接在原级后加er,最高级加est，例如：tall-taller-tallest high-higher-highest
2. 形容词后面以不发音的e结尾的，变比较级，直接加r,最高级直接加st，例如：fine-finer-finest, nice-nicer-nicest
3.形容词后面是以辅音字母+y结尾，把y 改成i,再加er变比较级，变最高级是把y 改成i,再加est，例如：
heavy-heavier-heaviest
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，（最后是一个元音字母+辅音字母结尾的形容词），变比较级，双写最后辅音字母，再加er,变最高级双写最后辅音字母，再加est，例如：big-bigger-biggest
【例题精讲】
例1：Mary is the __________ of three sisters. (old)
例2：Tom can throw ___________ than I. (far)
例3：My daughter looks much________________ than her deskmate. (health)
答案: oldest farther healthier

【知识梳理13】形容词变副词
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly,
sudden—suddenly 等。
但是，以下几点值得注意：
1.一些以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。例如：happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—
luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2.有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。
3.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接
加-ly。例如：polite—politely, wide—widely等。
4.以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。例如：usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。
【例题精讲】
例：将形容词变为副词。
1. easy 容易的—____________ 2.hard努力的 —____________
3. true真的 —____________ 4.heavy 重的—____________
5.careful 小心的—____________ 6.happy高兴的 —____________
7.fast 快的— ____________ 8.lucky 幸运的—____________
9.gentle 温和的—____________ 10.possible 可能的—____________
11.angry 生气的—____________ 12.sad 悲伤的—____________
13.good 好的—____________ 14.bad 坏的—____________
15.near附近的 —____________ 16.high高的 —____________
17.terrible糟糕的 —____________ 18.quick 迅速的—____________
答案:easily hard truly heavily carefully happily fast luckily gently
possibly angrily sadly well badly nearly high terribly quickly

【课堂检测】

一.试用some和any填空。
1. Lily puts ________ flowers in the vase.
2. Are there ________ shops near the library?
3. Would you like ________ milk in your coffee?
4. You can take ________ present you like.

5. We can’t see signs on the wall.

Key:
1. some 2. any 3. some 4. any 5.any
二、阅读理解。
(一)
Do you like a sunny day? Of course! The sun is shining and everything looks bright. The sun looks small because it is so far from us. In fact, the sun is very large. The earth goes around the sun. It takes twelve months for the earth to do this. Can you feel the heat when you are in the sun? Yes! The sun gives us a lot of heat and keeps us warm. The sun gives us light too. So we can see everything. It makes every life alive. Plants, animals and people all need it. We can’t live without the sun. Sun is good for making Vitamin D by our bodies.
根据短文判断，相符用“T”，不符用“F”表示。5分
( ) 1. The sun shines and everything is bright.
( ) 2. The sun gives us heat and light.
( ) 3. The sun is small.
( ) 4. People need the sun to live.
( ) 5. Sun is good for making Vitamin A by our bodies.

TTFTF
（二）
One day, a woman saw three old men sitting in front of her house. She did not know them. She said, ‘I don’t know you, but you must be hungry. Please come in and have something to eat.’
One of the old men said, ‘We don’t go into the house together. His name’s Wealth, he is Success and I’m Love. Now which one of us you want in your house?’ ‘Oh, if I let Wealth in, our house is full of money’, the woman thought, ‘If I invite Love, our house will be full of love!’ She said, ‘ Who is love? Please come in!’
Love got up and came in. The other two men came in after him. The women was happy and asked, ‘I only invite Love. Why are you coming in together?’
The men answered, ‘If you invite Wealth or Success. The other two of us will stay outside. But you invited Love, wherever he goes, we go with him. So we are in your house together!’
根据短文选择正确的答案。5分
( ) 1. How many men did the woman see one day?
A. One B. Two C. Three
( ) 2. The men must be ________.
A. hungry B. sad C. tired
( ) 3. ________ can give a lot of money to the woman.
A. Wealth B. Success C. Love
( ) 4. The woman invited ________to go into her house
A. Wealth B. Success C. Love
( ) 5. Who was going into the house finally ?
A. Wealth B. Success and Love C. Wealth, Success and Love


CAACC
【要点回顾】


【温故知新】

用所给词的适当形式填空。
1、There （be）some fruit in the basketball.

2、I like (sing), but my sister doesn’t, she （like）______ （dance）.

3、Su Yang （live）near the City Library.

4、We want （have）a picnic.

5、Can you （draw） a picture for me .

6、Mike （not do）his homework on Saturday.

7、He （come）to school on foot .

8、Bobby likes （ride）a bike in the park .
答案：1.is 2.singing ；likes, dancing ; 3.lives 4.to have 5. draw 6. doesn`t do 7.comes 8.riding

预习思考：
今天有学到很多很多记忆单词的新本领，记单词去了哦