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【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语六年级(六升七)暑假-第04讲 可数名词和不可数名词 预习讲学案
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这是一份【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语六年级(六升七)暑假-第04讲 可数名词和不可数名词 预习讲学案,文件包含暑假提升牛津译林版英语六年级六升七暑假-第04讲可数名词和不可数名词预习讲学案解析版docx、暑假提升牛津译林版英语六年级六升七暑假-第04讲可数名词和不可数名词预习讲学案原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源,其中学案共11页, 欢迎下载使用。
【暑假自学课】2022年新七年级英语暑假精品课第04讲 可数名词和不可数名词(原卷版)【语法聚焦】一、名词的分类从名词所表示的事物的性质来看,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。可数名词:可以和不定冠词a(an)或数词连用,有单数和复数的变化。two letters 两封信不可数名词:不能与不定冠词a(an)或数词连用的,只有单数形式,没有复数形式。二、可数名词的分类可数名词是可以计数的,它们可分为单数和复数两种形式。指单个人或事物时,用单数形式,如:a pencil一支铅笔;指两个或多个人或事物时,用复数形式,如:two pencils 两支铅笔。三、名词复数的变化规则 1) 一般在词尾加-s。(在清辅音后读/s/; 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/)book→ books bag→ bags2) 以 x, sh, ch,s(记忆:蟋蟀吃屎)结尾的名词,一般在词尾加-es。(以/s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/发音结尾的词读/ɪz/) class→ classes watch→ watches3) 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s。( s读/z/) boy→ boys key-keys4) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es。(ies 读/ɪz/) strawberry→ strawberries family→ families5)以f或fe结尾的名词,将f或fe变为v,再加-es。 knife→ knives wife→ wives6)一些以字母o结尾的名词变复数时有的加-es,有的加-s。(-es读/z/) Negro→ Negroes hero→ heroes tomato→ tomatoes potato→ potatoes以“元音字母+o” 结尾的名词,多数情况下加-s。(-s读/z/)radio→radios(收音机) zoo→zoos photo→photos(照片) piano→pianos(钢琴)7)常见的不规则变化有:man—men woman—women tooth—teeth foot—feet,goose—geese child—children mouse—mice单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss. 三、不可数名词分类1). 液体类:beer 啤酒; wine 葡萄酒; coffee 咖啡; juice 饮料; oil 油; tea 茶; water 水2). 食物类:bread 面包; meat肉; cheese奶酪; butter黄油; jam 果酱; food 食物; rice大米3). 自然物质类:gold黄金; silver银; ice冰; cloth 布、衣料; paper 纸; glass 玻璃4). 抽象类:advice 忠告; equipment 装备; experience 经验; fun乐趣; help帮助; information信息; knowledge 知识; weather 天气; work 工作; money 金钱四、不可数名词的计量不可数名词没有复数形式,不能直接用数词来表示数量,如果要表示数量,必须借助于其他词来完成。若用“计量单位词+of短语”表示,其数量也应通过of前面的名词体现出来。公式:【数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词】Eg.:a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 a piece of wood 一片木头a piece of news 一条新闻 two glasses of water 两杯水a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏 five bowls of rice 五碗米饭a piece of advice 一条建议 three pieces of bread 一片面包a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a pair of trousers一条裤子 【考点剖析】考点一:名词的数例1.(2022·山东济南·七年级期中)Lions like to eat ________, but elephants like to eat ________.A.meat; leaf B.meats; leaf C.meat; leaves D.meats; leaves例2.(2021·陕西西安·七年级期中)Trees make our ________ more convenient.A.life B.leaves C.leaf D.lives考点二:名词所有格例3.(2021·江苏徐州·七年级期中)This bedroom is ________, and ________ is next to theirs.A.Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours B.Lily and Lucy’s; ours C.theirs; them D.theirs; our【答案】B【解析】句意:这个房间是Lily和Lucy的,我们的在她们的旁边。考查名词所有格和代词辨析。ours我们的,名词性物主代词;theirs他/她们的,名词性物主代词;them他/她们,宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词。第一空根据谓语动词“is”以及句中的主语“bedroom”是单数形式可知,这里的房子是一个,表示两个人共有,名词所有格加在最后一个名词的后面,所以第一个空是Lucy and Lily’s;第二空表示“我们的房间在她们的旁边”,题空处作主语,因此要用名词性物主代词,所以填ours。故选B。例4.(2021·江苏南京·七年级期中)It’s ________ study. The twins do homework or read together after school every day.A.Mike and Jack B.Mike’s and Jack C.Mike and Jack’s D.Mike’s and Jack’s【答案】C【解析】句意:这是迈克和杰克的书房。这对双胞胎每天放学后一起做作业或读书。考查名词所有格。study在此处意为“书房”,根据“It’s … ”可知,是两个人共用的书房,两人共同拥有的物品只需将后一个人称改为所有格,前者不变。故选C。 【真题演练】一、单项选择1.(2021·广西河池·中考真题)—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home? —Ok, mom.A.egg B.beef C.banana D.potato2.(2021·广西百色·中考真题)Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm.A.chicken and sheep B.chickens and sheepsC.chickens and sheep D.chicken and sheeps3.(2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题)We see some________ rising into the air at the opening of our new library.A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones考查名词复数。balloon可数名词,此前有some修饰,使用名词复数,balloon的复数是balloons,故选A。4.(2021·重庆·中考真题)There are many ________ teachers in this primary school.A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s5.(2020·四川内江·中考真题)—Peter, how far is it from your home to school?—It's only five__________ walk.A.minute B.minutes C.minute’s D.minutes’6.(2020·广西柳州·中考真题)Look! There are some _____________on the table.A.bananas B.orange C.water7.(2020·湖北恩施·中考真题)Wuhan, one of the most important ________ in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.A.cities B.citys C.city8.(2020·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)Would you please give me some ________on how to learn English well?A.advices B.suggestion C.advice9.(2020·贵州黔南·中考真题)About 200__________ went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.A.German B.Australian C.Chinese D.American10.(2020·湖南怀化·中考真题)Spending too much ______ playing computer games is bad for your ______.A.time; eye B.time; eyes C.times; eyes 二、根据汉语提示填空11.(2021·山东青岛·中考真题)Many young talented ________(音乐家)gave a wonderful performance on May 4th.12.(2019·四川雅安·中考真题)Lucy’s ____________(钥匙) are in the Lost and Found.13.(2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题)All the ________ (学生) from Grade Nine are having an important exam.14.(2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)I prefer T-shirts made of ____________ (棉花) because they make me feel more comfortable.15.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)Life is like a box of ________. You never know what you’re gonna get.(巧克力)16.(2022·浙江宁波·中考真题)The lovely pandas on these ________ (邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood.17.(2022·江苏连云港·中考真题)—Whose ________ (手套) are these? They aren’t mine.—They’re Lucy’s.18.(2017·贵州黔西·中考真题)There are a lot of after-class ________ (活动)in our school.19.(2021·甘肃甘南·中考真题)Some keys are in the school ________ (图书馆).20.(2017·江苏泰州·中考真题)There have been many ________ (模型) of China’s new plane C919 since it flew into the sky for the first time on May 5 this year.
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