2022-2023学年江西省南昌市高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年江西省南昌市高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江西省南昌市高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Details about volunteers to clean up Parramatta River
About This Opportunity
Working along the Parramatta River，we will spend the day removing litter and improving the environment for the river's inhabitants （栖息动物）.After the clean-up，we will spend some time collecting data about the litter collected.We will do this so that we can learn more about the types of litter found in our river.So come along and help us to remove ocean litter from the sea，all the way back to the source!
A Few Things to Remember
Registration is necessary.We will send more information on how to register once you submit（递交） a SEEK volunteer application.
You are required to make your own way to and from the worksite.
No previous experience is required.We will provide you with all the know-how on site.
We can provide you with this a certification for coming along and helping out；this looks great on a resume（简历）.
NOTE
There is a strict limit of 15 volunteers for this project.All volunteers will be required to answer a survey
before participating.（This project received funds from the Australian government.）
Time Required
We will be running clean-ups along the river on a monthly basis，with each event running for about 4 hours.Online volunteering opportunities are also available.Contact lhodgetts@cva.org.au for more information.
1. What will the volunteers do after each clean-up？ ______
A. Take a walk along the liver.
B. Feed the river's inhabitants.
C. Pick reusable items from the litter.
D. Gather data about the collected litter.
2. What is required of the volunteers？ ______
A. Participating in online training.
B. Having previous work experience.
C. Working for four hours every week.
D. Traveling to the worksite by themselves.
3. What will the volunteers get from the volunteering？ ______
A. An excellent resume. B. A detailed survey.
C. A certificate of appreciation. D. A fun d from the government.
B
I've never been someone who gets homesick，but the prospect（展望） of going home in a few days is one of the few things keeping me going.It has been a stressful term.I'm looking forward to seeing my family and friends.But despite my excitement，I've been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety.I feel like I'm under a time crunch（困境） trying to fit so many things into just a few days.Will I have time to see all my friends，spend time with family，and get my work done？
I'm definitely still grateful that I am able to go home，but it's strange because I've never connected Thanksgiving with being anxious before.Maybe I feel this way because it's my first year.Breaks in college are different from high school.Teachers usually didn't give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school，but it doesn't exactly work that way here.
Everyone has been so busy this term，and it's difficult to relax，knowing that we have assignments due as soon as class restarts.The fact that reading period starts only 10 days after break doesn't help either.I don't know if I'll ever get used to how fast college moves.Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it，and that is slightly terrifying.
Even though I feel this mixture of excitement and anxiety，the break has helped me gain a better understanding about my first term of college.I've met so many new people and become part of clubs that I'm passionate about.The to-do list will still be there over break，but it's nice to look back and see that I managed to get through most of the term pretty successfully.I'm still thankful for my family and friends as usual，but this year I'm especially thankful for myself.
4. How does the author feel about the coming Thanksgiving break？ ______
A. Eager but anxious. B. Relaxed but doubtful.
C. Excited but frightened. D. Curious but stressed.
5. What can we infer about breaks in college？ ______
A. They are free of homework. B. They are tasked with much work.
C. They are full of relaxation. D. They are important for progress.
6. What makes the author a little terrified？ ______
A. The reading period. B. The coming exams.
C. The fast pace of college life. D. The short period of winter break.
7. What does the author realize when reflecting on the first term？ ______
A. The to-do list pushes him to learn.
B. He has gained a lot from college life.
C. Adapting to the new life requires family support.
D. Self-independence is more important than others' support.
C
In Hong Kong，signs written in traditional Chinese characters can be found around every corner.For Adonian Chan，a 33-year-old designer，one calligraphy style has come to represent Hong Kong：Beiwei Kaishu，a way of writing that has its origins in 4th century China.But Beiwei Kaishu is endangered，Chan says.That's why he's digitizing（数字化） it into a typeface（字体） to save it.
After World War II，Beiwei Kaishu was widely used in Hong Kong，partly because it is quite outstanding，even from far distances.It seems to be a practical choice for local businessmen.What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unequal construction，clear lines and unexpected angles—something that makes it energetic.
But with the coming of computer typefaces and LED signs，signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. "It's almost extinct，"says Chan，"Hong Kong's urban landscape has also changed.People pull down old buildings and，of course，the shops，as well."As a consequence，few designers working today are aware of the Beiwei Kaishu style.
In 2016，Chan asked Wong Gok Loeng，a master of calligraphy in Hong Kong，to teach him to write in the Beiwei Kaishu style.Chan then started the process of digitizing the characters.He first wrote the characters on paper with a brush and ink，which gave him a sense of proportion.Next，he made his first drawing in pencil.Finally，he recreated the characters digitally，using a computer program called Glyphs.He can complete two characters a day，and is aiming to digitize 6，000 characters.
Chan says his project is doing more than preserving a centuries-old writing style and that he sees himself as building on the work of previous generations.He has named his typeface Beiwei Zansyu and hopes it will eventually be used on phones and computers.
8. What makes Beiwei Kaishu unique from other Chinese writing styles？ ______
A. Its popularity. B. Its energetic style.
C. Its easy digitization. D. Its widespread use in LED signs.
9. Why is Beiwei Kaishu endangered？ ______
A. Shops and buildings are pulled down.
B. Local scenery is changing rapidly.
C. New technology has been used in signs.
D. A few people take notice of it.
10. How did Chan digitize Beiwei Kaishu？ ______
A. By using a 3 D scanner.
B. By adopting a computer program.
C. By photographing the characters.
D. By drawing directly on a computer.
11. What is the main idea of the text？ ______
A. The design of Adonian Chan.
B. The history of Beiwei Kaishu.
C. The wonder of Chinese calligraphy.
D. The digitization of Beiwei Kaishu.
D
Astronomers have discovered an Earth-size exoplanet （外星行星），or world beyond our solar system，that may be filled with volcanoes.Called LP791–18 d，the planet could experience volcanic explosion as often as Jupiter's moon Io，the most volcanically active body in our solar system.
LP791-18 d is tidally locked，which means the same side constantly faces its star.The day side would probably be too hot for liquid water to exist on the surface.But the amount of volcanic activity all over the planet could sustain an atmosphere，which may enable the existence of liquid water on the night side.LP791-18 d orbits a small red star about 90 light-years away，which is estimated to be only slightly larger and more heavier than Earth.
Astronomers already knew about two other worlds in the system before this discovery，called LP79 I-18 b and c，both larger and heavier than Earth.During their orbits，planets d and c closely approach each other.Each close pass by the heavier planet c produces a gravity pull on planetel，which creates enough energy to heat the planet and produce volcanic activity at its surface.
Planet d sits in the traditional range of distances from a star where scientists assume liquid water could exist on a planet's surface.If the planet is as geologically active as the research team imagine，it could maintain an atmosphere.Temperatures could drop enough on the planet's night side for water to exist on the surface.
Astrobiologist Jessie Christiansen says， "A big question in astrobiology is if volcanic activity is necessary for life.In addition to potentially（潜在的） providing an atmosphere，these processes could mix up materials that would otherwise sink down and get trapped in the crust （地壳），including those we think are important for life，like carbon."
12. What does the underlined word"sustain"in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Heat. B. Maintain. C. Dry. D. Protect.
13. What fuels planetd's volcanic activity？ ______
A. The weight of planet c. B. The size of planet c.
C. The pull caused by planet c. D. The heat powered by planet c.
14. What can we infer about volcanic activity from Christiansen's word？ ______
A. It mixes up an atmosphere.
B. It makes it easy to trap carbon.
C. It processes sunk materials.
D. It is significant for promoting life.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. The Most Volcanically Active Planet.
B. Life on Other Volcanic Active Exoplanet.
C. Potential for Volcanic Activity Beyond Earth.
D. Discovery of a Volcanically Active Earth-Size Exoplanet.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Images of Animals
Every language has words and expressions which describe the characteristics of so me animals.Sometimes some animals have the same images in a foreign language as they do in Chinese.For example，there is a similar saying in Chinese as one in English： "The sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton."（1） ______ When a Chinese or English man talks like a parrot，he can only repeat what he hears.
In both Chinese and English，two kinds of insects have the image of being very busy：bees and ants.If someone is very busy or is moving around quickly doing lots of things，we can describe him by saying."He is as busy as a bee."
In Chinese，it is said that cranes and tortoises are supposed to bring long life. （2） ______ And tortoises are considered to be slow but sure.In addition，while foxes are thought by the Chinese to have magical powers，for English speakers they are just dishonest.In English，we may hear people say "Stop being a chicken and just go ahead." （3） ______
An animal may have a number of images.For example，in English，a herd of elephants is often considered to be very noisy，but people also say，"Elephants never forget."English speakers imagine that elephants have a long memory.（4） ______ If you own a car that can't be driven，the car is a white elephant.
（ 5） ______ Here are more："Love me，love my dog." "When the cat is away，the mice will play.""You can make a horse to water，but you can't make him drink." Can you list some Chinese proverbs that have animals as subjects？

A.The subjects of many English proverbs（谚语） are animals.
B.In English，however，cranes have no special meaning.
C.There is a battery brand in China called"white elephant".
D.Similarly，the pig is a symbol of stupidity in both cultures.
E.But foxes may have different meaning in the two languages.
F.A chicken has an image of being fearful in English but not in Chinese.
G.A"white elephant"refers to something that is useless and a waste of money.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
Kristin moved to a new home in Austin，Texas.One day，Kristin needed backyard furniture for a party and bought some decorations and a picnic table from Lowe's.The delivery driver set the table down in her front yard（1） ______ ，which gave Kristin a（n）（2） ______ to make use of it. "After the party，I painted the table green and put it in the front yard，just a few feet from the（3） ______ ，"she says.
Neighbors began to stop by to （4） ______ themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea."It was a simple way to slow down and（5） ______ others，"she says.The table was （6） ______ and had a communal （共用的） feel.
Construction workers on jobs in the neighborhood took their lunch （7） ______ at the table.A babysitter walking by with young kids sat down to rest.
People often （8） ______ to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too（9） ______ ， it's not big enough or they don't have enough time."Our perfectionism can cause us to （10） ______ on the joy of connecting with others，"Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the （11） ______ — and the pressure.
"I've learned that hospitality （热情） doesn't always mean （12） ______ people to a meal or a big party.At the picnic table，all I have to do is （13） ______ ." She likes how it makes her take a small step toward reducing （14） ______ and building relationships in her community."People's greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they （15） ______ ，"she says.
21.  A. on purpose B. by mistake C. by chance D. on time
22.  A. present B. purpose C. inspiration D. opinion
23.  A. house B. sidewalk C. backyard D. front yard
24.  A. introduce B. challenge C. enjoy D. explain
25.  A. agree with B. consult with C. deal with D. connect with
26.  A. unusual B. beautiful C. inviting D. colorful
27.  A. money B. breaks C. talks D. bags
28.  A. postpone B. hope C. desire D. hesitate
29.  A. quiet B. clean C. messy D. expensive
30.  A. give out B. work out C. miss out D. pick out
31.  A. excuse B. chance C. belief D. joy
32.  A. providing B. influencing C. sharing D. treating
33.  A. pick up B. show up C. stand up D. warm up
34.  A. loneliness B. argument C. trouble D. adventure
35.  A. focus B. gather C. belong D. care
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Ding Liren，a 30-year-old from Wenzhou，China，has become China's first men's world chess champion after defeating Russia's Ian Nepomniachtchi.Ding（1） ______ （win） a rapid-play tiebreaker （决胜局） after 14 first-stage games at the World Chess Championship in Kazakhstan.Ding's victory makes him the 17th winner of the world chess game.His success，（ 2） ______ （ wide） celebrated in China，shows the country's rising influence in global chess.
（ 3） ______ Nepomniachtchi put up a strong fight，this marked his second loss in the championship finals.For the tiebreaker，each player had only 25 minutes to make their moves，plus（4） ______ extra ten seconds for every move they made.Ding won in the fourth quick game and had finished second at the Candidates Tournament，which（5） ______ （player） must win to challenge the world champion.
Ding's journey in chess has been（6） ______ （ amaze），from becoming China's youngest national champion in 2009（7） ______ ranking second worldwide.He also holds the longest undefeated record in top-level chess history from 2017 to 2018.This victory reflects China's growth in the global chess scene.China（8） ______ （be） strong in women's chess since the 1990s，when Xie Jun became the first Chinese person（9） ______ （receive） a world title in 1991 in the women's game.No Chinese player had ever won the World Chess Championship before，in（10） ______ both men and women can compete.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校校刊正在进行关于感恩母亲的征文活动。请你为此次活动写一篇宣传文章，内容包括：
（1）活动介绍；
（2）征文主题和要求。
注意：写作词数应为 80左右；

Dear Students，___________

President of Student Union

38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
How far would you go to help a friend？When you and your friend are in trouble，what will you do？Will you leave him alone or face the danger together with him？Jeremy Savage，aged 17，and Ian Marshall，aged 16，both from Canada，had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to the Rocky Mountains with their parents.
On Saturday morning，the two boys decided to climb Cathedral Mountain by themselves while their parents relaxed at the campsite.Jeremy filled his backpack with some food，two bottles of water and an extra shirt.Ian told Jeremy that it was unnecessary，but Jeremy insisted.After three hours，they reached the top and enjoyed the beautiful view from the mountaintop.
However，trouble began when they started the climb down.On one very dangerous part of the mountain，Ian fell three metres off the side of the path.Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to move.Jeremy had to decide what to do.He needed help but he did not want to leave his friend.He cleaned the dirt and blood from Ian's face and hands，and then tried to help Ian stand up，but Ian's right leg was hurting too much.They had to wait and hope that help would come.
Meanwhile，as darkness started to fall，their parents back at the campsite became very worried that the boys had not returned.They got in touch with park workers and began searching for the boys.Soon more than 20 people were looking for them on Cathedral Mountain.
续写要求：
续写词数应为150左右

Paragraph1：
While they waited for help，Jeremy gave Ian his food and water and let him lie on his jacket.___________
Paragraph2：
At sunrise，Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain.___________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据About This Opportunity部分After the clean-up，we will spend some time collecting data about the litter collected.（清理结束后，志愿者将收集有关垃圾的数据。）可知每次大扫除后志愿者将收集有关垃圾的数据。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据A Few Things to Remember部分You are required to make your own way to and from the worksite.（你必须自己进出工地。）可知对志愿者的要求是独自前往工地。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据A Few Things to Remember部分We can provide you with this a certification  for coming along and helping out；this looks great on a resume .（我们可以为您提供一份证书，以帮助您这在简历上看起来很棒。）可知志愿者从志愿者活动中得到嘉许状。故选C。
这篇短文主要介绍了有关志愿者清理帕拉马塔河的细节。志愿者将在帕拉马塔河沿岸工作，清除垃圾，改善河流环境，为河流的生物提供更好的生活条件。清理结束后，志愿者将收集有关垃圾的数据，以便更好地了解我们河流中的垃圾类型。参与者需要提前注册，并自行前往和离开工作地点。无需任何经验，我们会在现场提供所需的知识。参与者还可以获得一份证书，对简历很有帮助。此项目由澳大利亚政府资助，志愿者人数限制为15人。每次清理活动约持续4小时，每月进行一次。此外，还有在线志愿者机会可供参与。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中I'm looking forward to seeing my family and friends.But despite my excitement，I've been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety.（我期待着见到我的家人和朋友。但是，尽管我很兴奋，我一直有一些感恩节假期引起的焦虑。）可知，作者期待感恩节假期的到来但同时也有些焦虑，故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中Breaks in college are different from high school.Teachers usually didn't give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school，but it doesn't exactly work that way here.（大学的假期和高中不一样。老师通常不会在假期里安排工作，我可以在高中的整个时间里放松，但在这里不完全是这样。）以及第三段中Everyone has been so busy this term，and it's difficult to relax，knowing that we have assignments due as soon as class restarts.（这学期每个人都很忙，很难放松，因为我们知道一开学就有作业要交。）可推知，大学假期里会给学生安排很多工作，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中I don't know if I'll ever get used to how fast college moves.Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it，and that is slightly terrifying.（我不知道我是否能适应大学生活的节奏。不知不觉中，最后几周和寒假就要来了，这有点可怕。）可知，大学生活的快节奏让作者有点害怕，故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Even though I feel this mixture of excitement and anxiety，the break has helped me gain a better understanding about my first term of college.I've met so many new people and become part of clubs that I'm passionate about.（尽管我感到既兴奋又焦虑，但假期帮助我更好地了解了大学的第一个学期。我认识了很多新朋友，并成为我热爱的俱乐部的一员。）可知，作者在反思第一学期时认识到自己从大学生活中获益良多。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者即将回家过感恩节，虽然很兴奋但也有些焦虑，因为要在短短几天内完成很多事情，包括见朋友、陪家人和完成作业。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】B、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unequal construction，clear lines and unexpected angles—something that makes it energetic.（使魏碑楷书区别于其他中国书写风格的是它不平等的结构，清晰的线条和意想不到的角度---这使它充满活力。）可知其充满活力的风格使魏碑楷书有别于其他中文写作风格。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段But with the coming of computer typefaces and LED signs，signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. "It's almost extinct，"says Chan，"Hong Kong's urban landscape has also changed.（但随着电脑字体和LED标志的出现，这种风格的标志正在从香港消失。"它几乎灭绝了，"成龙说，"香港的城市面貌也发生了变化。）可知魏碑楷书濒临灭绝，因为新技术已被用于标志。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Finally，he recreated the characters digitally，using a computer program called Glyphs.He can complete two characters a day，and is aiming to digitize 6，000 characters.（最后，他用一种叫做Glyphs的计算机程序以数字方式重现了这些字符。他一天可以完成两个字符，目标是数字化6000个字符。）可知Chan采用计算机程序将魏碑楷书数字化。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段But Beiwei Kaishu is endangered，Chan says.That's why he's digitizing（数字化） it into a typeface（字体） to save it.（但是魏碑凯舒濒临灭绝，陈说。这就是为什么他把它数字化成一种字体来保存。）可知文章讲述古代书法的数字化艺术的一种社会现象。因此本文的主旨大意是D.The digitization of Beiwei Kaishu.（魏碑楷书的数字化）。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述古代书法的数字化艺术的一种社会现象。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】B、C、D、D
【解析】（1）猜测词义题。根据文章第二段The day side would probably be too hot for liquid water to exist on the surface.But the amount of volcanic activity all over the planet could  sustain an atmosphere，which may enable the existence of liquid water on the night side（白天的一面可能太热，以至于液态水无法在表面存在。但是整个星球上火山活动的数量可以维持一个大气层，这可能使液态水在夜间存在）可知sustain的意思是"维持"。A.Heat.加热；B.Maintain.维持；C.Dry.弄干；D.Protect.保护。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Each close pass by the heavier planet c produces a gravity pull on planetel，which creates enough energy to heat the planet and produce volcanic activity at its surface.（每一次靠近较重的行星c都会对小行星产生引力，这产生了足够的能量来加热行星并在其表面产生火山活动。）可知行星c产生的引力助长了行星d的火山活动。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Astrobiologist Jessie Christiansen says， "A big question in astrobiology is if volcanic activity is necessary for life.In addition to potentially（潜在的） providing an atmosphere，these processes could mix up materials that would otherwise sink down and get trapped in the crust （地壳），including those we think are important for life，like carbon."（天体生物学家杰西•克里斯蒂安森说："天体生物学中的一个大问题是火山活动是否是生命所必需的。除了潜在的提供大气之外，这些过程可能会混合那些原本会下沉并被困在地壳中的物质，包括那些我们认为对生命很重要的物质，如碳。"）可知用克里斯蒂安森的话来说，火山活动对促进生命具有重要意义。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Astronomers have discovered an Earth-size exoplanet （外星行星），or world beyond our solar system，that may be filled with volcanoes.Called LP791–18 d，the planet could experience volcanic explosion as often as Jupiter's moon Io，the most volcanically active body in our solar system.（天文学家发现了一颗地球大小的系外行星，或者说是太阳系之外的世界，它可能充满了火山。这颗名为LP 791–18 d的行星可能会像木星的卫星木卫一一样频繁地经历火山爆发，木卫一是我们太阳系中火山活动最活跃的天体。）可知本文介绍了天文学家发现的一颗可能充满火山的类地行星LP791-18 d。因此本文的最佳标题是D.Discovery of a Volcanically Active Earth-Size Exoplanet.（发现一颗火山活跃的地球大小的系外行星）。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了天文学家发现的一颗可能充满火山的类地行星LP791-18 d。该行星可能会像木星的卫星Io一样经常发生火山爆发。虽然白天面太热，无法存在液态水，但全球的火山活动可能维持大气层，使得黑夜面存在液态水。该行星距离地球约90光年，绕着一颗比地球略大略重的小红矮星运转。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】D、B、F、G、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前文For example，there is a similar saying in Chinese as one in English： "The sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton"（例如，汉语中有一句与英语中类似的谚语："与狼讲和的羊很快就会变成羊肉"），可知表示"同样，猪在两种文化中都是愚蠢的象征"的选项D可以承接前文汉语与英语共同的比喻，介绍猪在这两种文化中的象征意义也是相同的，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据前文In Chinese，it is said that cranes and tortoises are supposed to bring long life（在汉语里，据说鹤和陆龟能带来长寿）；以及后句And tortoises are considered to be slow but sure（陆龟被认为是缓慢但肯定的），可知表示"然而，在英语中，鹤并没有什么特别的含义"的选项B可以承接前文汉语里鹤和陆龟能带来长寿的话题，对应后句对于陆龟代表意义的介绍，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文In English，we may hear people say "Stop being a chicken and just go ahead" （在英语中，我们可能会听到人们说"别再当胆小鬼了，继续做吧"），可知表示"鸡在英语中有恐惧的形象，但在汉语中没有"的选项F可以承接前文对于鸡的介绍，对比鸡在英语和汉语中代表意义的不同，故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据后文If you own a car that can't be driven，the car is a white elephant（如果你有一辆不能开的车，那这辆车就是白象），可知表示 "'白象'指的是无用和浪费金钱的东西"的选项G可以引出后文，前后构成例证关系，故选G。
（5）主题判断题。根据后文Here are more："Love me，love my dog." "When the cat is away，the mice will play.""You can make a horse to water，but you can't make him drink" （还有更多： "爱屋及乌。""山中无老虎，猴子称大王。""强扭的瓜果不甜"），可知表示"许多英语谚语的主题是动物"的选项A可以作为本段的主题，介绍主题是动物的英语谚语，故选A。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了中文和英文中动物相同或者不同的象征意义。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】B、C、B、A、D、C、B、D、C、C、A、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查介词词组及语境理解。A.on purpose故意地；B.by mistake错误地，不小心地；C.by chance偶然；D.on time按时。句意：外卖司机不小心把桌子放在了她的前院，这给了克里斯汀一个利用它的灵感。根据上文Kristin needed backyard furniture for a party可知，桌子本来应该放在后院准备聚会用的，外卖司机弄错了，把它放在了前院。故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.present礼物；B.purpose目的；C.inspiration灵感；D.opinion观点。句意：外卖司机不小心把桌子放在了她的前院，这给了克里斯汀一个利用它的灵感。根据下文 "After the party，I painted the table green and put it in the front yard，just a few feet from the（3），"she says.和Neighbors began to stop by to （4）themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.可知，聚会结束之后，克里斯汀干脆把桌子放在前院，邀请邻居和路人一起坐下来聊天和喝咖啡，正是外卖司机不小心的差错给了她这个灵感。故选C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.house房子；B.sidewalk人行道；C.backyard后院；D.front yard前院。句意："聚会结束后，我把桌子漆成绿色，放在前院，离人行道只有几英尺，"她说。根据下文Neighbors began to stop by to （4）themselves and sit down for a chat.和 Construction workers on jobs in the neighborhood took their lunch （7）at the table.A babysitter walking by with young kids sat down to rest.可知，桌子应该是放在离人行道只有几英尺的前院，这样路人可以过来休息。故选B。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.introduce介绍；B.challenge挑战；C.enjoy享受，喜欢；D.explain解释。句意：邻居们开始过来做自我介绍，坐下来聊天。根据下文and sit down for a chat可知，此处指"自我介绍"。故选A。
（5）考查动词词组及语境理解。A.agree with同意；B.consult with咨询；C.deal with处理；D.connect with和……有联系。句意：她说： "这是一种放慢脚步、与他人建立联系的简单方法。"。根据下文The table was （6）and had a communal （共用的） feel.可知，这张桌子给人一种公共的感觉，大家可以在这里与他人建立联系。故选D。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unusual不寻常的；B.beautiful美丽的；C.inviting吸引人的，诱人的；D.colorful富有色彩的。句意：这张桌子很有吸引力，给人一种公共的感觉。根据下文Neighbors began to stop by to （4）themselves and sit down for a chat.和 Construction workers on jobs in the neighborhood took their lunch （7）at the table.A babysitter walking by with young kids sat down to rest.可知，桌子很有吸引力，附近工作的建筑工人在餐桌上吃午饭，带着孩子的保姆路过，也坐下来休息。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.money钱；B.breaks间歇，休息；C.talks谈话；D.bags书包。句意：在附近工作的建筑工人在餐桌上吃午饭。lunch breaks午餐时间，午休时间，名词词组，符合句意。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.postpone推迟，延缓；B.hope希望；C.desire渴望；D.hesitate犹豫。句意：人们常常不愿邀请别人到家里来。根据下文They think their house is too（9），it's not big enough or they don't have enough time.可知，人们常常不愿邀请别人到家里来。hesitate to do顾虑地/犹豫地做某事，动词词组，符合句意。故选D。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.quiet安静的；B.clean干净的；C.messy凌乱的，散乱的；D.expensive昂贵的。句意：他们认为他们的房子太乱了，不够大，或者他们没有足够的时间。根据下文it's not big enough or they don't have enough time可知，此处表示人们不愿意邀请别人到家里来的原因之一，即他们的房子太乱了，故选C。
（10）考查动词词组及语境理解。A.give out 放出，发出（声音、光等）；B.work out进展（顺利）；C.miss out错过，遗漏；D.pick out挑选，取出。句意："我们的完美主义会让我们错过与他人交流的乐趣，"克里斯汀说。根据上文People often （8）to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too（9），it's not big enough or they don't have enough time.可知，人们常常因为各种理由而不愿意邀请别人到家里来，这让我们错过与他人交流的乐趣。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.excuse借口；B.chance机会；C.belief信念，看法；D.joy快乐。句意：她的野餐桌消除了借口和压力。根据上文People often （8）to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too（9），it's not big enough or they don't have enough time.可知，人们常常以各种理由为借口，不愿意邀请别人到家里来，她的野餐桌消除了这种借口和压力。故选A。
（12）考查动名词及语境理解。A.providing提供；B.influencing影响；C.sharing分享；D.treating招待，款待。句意：我明白了待客之道并不总是意味着请人吃饭或举办大型聚会。根据下文to a meal可知，此处指的是"请人吃饭"。故选D。
（13）考查动词词组及语境理解。A.pick up捡起，拾起；B.show up出现，到场；C.stand up站起来；D.warm up热身。句意：在野餐桌上，我所要做的就是出现。根据下文" She likes how it makes her take a small step toward reducing （14）and building relationships in her community."People's greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they （15），"she says.可知，此处指"出现在野餐桌上，积极参与建立社区关系"。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.loneliness孤独，寂寞；B.argument争执，争论；C.trouble麻烦；D.adventure冒险。句意：她喜欢这让她朝着减少孤独感和在社区中建立关系迈出了一小步。根据下文and building relationships in her community可知，这种简单的有助于人们交流的方式可以减少孤立感，建立社区关系。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.focus聚焦；B.gather聚集；C.belong属于；D.care关心，照顾。句意：人们最大的需求是知道自己被爱着，有归属感。根据句意可知，此处指 "归属感"。故选C。
这篇短文主要讲述了Kristin搬到德克萨斯州奥斯汀的新家后，购买了一些装饰和野餐桌，并将其放在前院，邀请邻居和路人一起坐下来聊天和喝咖啡。这个野餐桌成为了社区人们交流和建立关系的场所，帮助人们放下完美主义的压力，以简单的方式与他人连接。通过这个经验，Kristin学到了待人热情的真正含义，并通过这个小小的举动来减少孤立感，建立社区关系。
做完形填空时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时首先通读全文，结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关信息进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在全文的背景下，关注上下文基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

36.【答案】won
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：在哈萨克斯坦举行的世界国际象棋锦标赛上，丁在14局第一阶段比赛后，在一场速战速决中获胜。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填won。
（2）考查副词。句意：他的成功在中国广受赞誉，显示出中国在国际象棋中日益上升的影响力。修饰动词，所以用副词，表示抽象意义"广泛地"，故填widely。
（3）考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管Nepomniachtchi打得很顽强，但这是他在冠军赛决赛中的第二次失利。引导让步状语从句，表示"尽管"，所以用although/though/while，句首单词首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
（4）考查冠词。句意：在决胜局中，每位选手只有25分钟的时间来走棋，每走一步棋都有10秒的额外时间。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，extra是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（5）考查可数名词的复数。句意：丁在第四局快速比赛中获胜，并在候选人锦标赛中获得第二名，选手必须赢得比赛才能挑战世界冠军。player为可数名词，所以用名词复数作主语，故填players。
（6）考查形容词。句意：丁的国际象棋之旅令人惊叹，从2009年成为中国最年轻的全国冠军到世界排名第二。作表语，所以用形容词，表示"令人吃惊的"，故填amazing。
（7）考查介词。句意：丁的国际象棋之旅令人惊叹，从2009年成为中国最年轻的全国冠军到世界排名第二。from...to"从……到"，为固定搭配，故填to。
（8）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国在女子国际象棋方面一直实力雄厚，1991年，谢军成为首位获得女子国际象棋世界冠军的中国人。根据时间状语since the 1990s，可知用现在完成时态，主语为专有名词，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填has been。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国在女子国际象棋方面一直实力雄厚，1991年，谢军成为首位获得女子国际象棋世界冠军的中国人。序数词后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to receive。
（10）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：此前还没有中国棋手赢得过男子和女子都可以参加的世界象棋锦标赛。先行词为the World Chess Championship，在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，所以用which引导，故填which。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了来自中国温州的丁立人，在击败俄罗斯的Ian Nepomniachtchi之后，成为了中国第一个男子国际象棋世界冠军。并且介绍了丁的国际象棋之旅。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

37.【答案】Dear students，
In order to reflect on the important role mothers play in our lives and the countless sacrifices they make for us，our school magazine is holding an essay contest to convey gratitude to your mother，providing you with an chance to express appreciation and love for your mother.【高分句型一】（活动介绍）
Heartfelt stories，memories，and moments that show Mother's impact on your life are encouraged.【高分句型二】Your work should be limited to 200-300 words in English and be mailed to us by June 12 at Schoolmagazine@qq.com.（征文主题和要求）
We expect to read your touching stories and celebrating the remarkable connection between your mother and you.（希望）
President of Student Union
【解析】高分句型一：In order to reflect on the important role mothers play in our lives and the countless sacrifices they make for us，our school magazine is holding an essay contest to convey gratitude to your mother，providing you with an chance to express appreciation and love for your mother.
译文：为了反思母亲在我们生活中扮演的重要角色，以及她们为我们做出的无数牺牲，我们的校刊举办了一场征文比赛，向你的母亲表达感激之情，让你有机会表达对母亲的感激和爱。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语providing you with an chance to express appreciation and love for your mother作状语。
高分句型二：Heartfelt stories，memories，and moments that show Mother's impact on your life are encouraged.
译文：鼓励讲述母亲对你生活影响的感人故事、回忆和时刻。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

38.【答案】Paragraph1：
    While they waited for help，Jeremy gave Ian his food and water and let him lie on his jacket.With the evening growing darker and the temperature dropping，Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. 【高分句型一】He thought it was too dangerous for Ian to be alone on such a cold，windy night.Jeremy made use of his jacket and an extra shirt to keep Ian warm and they rested together through the night.（Jeremy Savage用夹克衫帮助Ian保暖）
Paragraph2：
    At sunrise，Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain.As a result，they started the long climb back to the campsite.At times Jeremy carried Ian on his back.Sometimes he carried him in his arms.At last，after four long and tiring hours，they met their parents，who were relieved to see them.【高分句型二】"I will not forget what Jeremy did for me，"said Ian afterwards."He saved my life.That is the greatest thing that a person can do for his friend."（Jeremy Savage帮助Ian下山，遇到他们的父母，Ian很感激Jeremy Savage）
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的Jeremy Savage和16岁的Ian Marshall和父母前往落基山脉的一次旅行中，他们的友谊受到了极限的考验。两个男孩决定自己爬大教堂山，他们到达了山顶，从山顶欣赏了美丽的景色。下山的时候Ian从小路边上掉了三米远，Jeremy Savage一直陪伴他。
高分句型一：With the evening growing darker and the temperature dropping，Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave.
译文：随着夜幕降临，气温下降，伊恩告诉杰瑞米离开他，回到他们的父母身边，但杰瑞米仍然没有离开。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构。
高分句型二：At last，after four long and tiring hours，they met their parents，who were relieved to see them.
译文：终于，在四个漫长而疲惫的小时后，他们见到了他们的父母，他们看到他们松了一口气。
分析：这句话使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
     每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
     （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
     一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
     （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
     根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
     （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
     在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。