湖南长沙三年（2021-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-03语法填空、语篇翻译

湖南长沙三年（2021-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-03语法填空、语篇翻译

一、语法填空

（2021·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Henry is     1     American businessman. One day, when he was sailing (航行) on a boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind.    2    (luck), he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he    3    (land) in London by accident. Alone and    4    (hunger), he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he     5     (call) into a big house. There two rich     6     (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told     7     (he) not to open it until two o'clock of the day. Henry didn’t know it was a million-pound (百万英镑) bank note. He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was impolite and impatient to him. Why?     8     he was in rags (衣衫褴褛) and looked dirty. Then,    9    everyone’s surprise, he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best     10     (please) Henry. Don’t you think it’s the most unbelievable story in the world?

（2022·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Netherlands needs thousands of new houses because the country     11     (have) a growing population. Anyway, it may not have to build all those houses. Some of     12     (they) can be printed.

    13     (recent), the government has been working together with a university and some building companies(公司) to build houses that are fully 3D-printed. As volunteers, an old couple has become the first people in Europe to move into such     14     house.

With two     15     (bedroom) and a big living room, the house was built layer(层) by layer, using a huge 3D printer and special cement(水泥). After being printed out, the house     16     (carry) by a truck to the building site, and a roof (屋顶) and windows were later added. It took around 120 hours     17     (finish) this 3D-printed house. Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the     18     (tradition) way.

The couple will live     19     this house for six months, with a monthly pay of 800 euros(欧元). The cost seems a little bit high, but they think it is much cheaper      20      living in the hotel.

（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls     21     September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people     22     (take) a break from today’s social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand.

Who should you write to? Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive     23     (you) letter.

How do you write a letter?     24     (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it by     25     (sign) it.

Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter? It is a surprise that may make someone’s day. It’s     26     good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes     27     (enjoy) memories (回忆). Some people save     28     (letter) and look at them over the years.

A recent study shows that letter writing     29     (make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA．It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin.

So, get some paper     30     pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today!

二、语篇翻译

（2021·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。

Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk (民间的) dance. The performers (表演者) dance to music with handkerchiefs (手帕) or fans in their hands. 1. It’s a very popular festival activity in north China.

Yangge may have different forms from place to place, but all of them express happiness. 2. 很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women. Some are even old ladies. Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. 3. They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival, the yangge teams pay New Year’s calls from house to house.

4. They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets. Some young men often play the drums, and the performers wave red silk bands (挥舞红绸带). People set off firecrackers (鞭炮) to welcome the dancers. 5. 他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs, drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.

Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares, and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.

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（2022·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。

When people say Chinese culture, we often think of paper cutting. 1. Paper cutting is an art form with a long history in China. Traditional paper-cuts were first put on windows for decoration（装饰）. That is why paper-cuts are also called “window flowers”. Most paper-cuts are made of red paper, because red means good luck in Chinese culture. Today, people use paper-cuts to decorate not only windows, but also doors and other furniture（家具）. 2. Sometimes, people use them as gifts.

Paper-cuts are popular because of their expressions of good wishes and hopes. During the Spring Festival, for example, many people put up paper-cuts of the Chinese character（汉字） “Fu” upside down on the door. 3. 他们希望这会给他们带来好运。 At wedding ceremonies（婚礼）, you can always see paper-cuts of the character “Xi”. It means that the new couple can enjoy happiness together.

Paper cutting has developed into different styles in different parts of China. 4. Paper-cuts from the north of China usually have interesting shapes. In southern China, people prefer paper-cuts with the themes（主题）of flowers, fruit, birds and fish.

5. 学习剪纸非常容易。 With a piece of paper and a knife or a pair of scissors, you can try to make your own paper-cuts. Although paper cutting is easy to start with, you need a lot of practice and imagination to become really good at it.

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（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。

The Great Wall of China, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal in India and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, is one of the great wonders of the world. 1. 它是世界上最长的城墙。

The Great Wall has a long history of more than 2,300 years. 2. It was rebuilt many times. It runs across North China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, through mountains, till finally it reaches the sea. And it is quite tall and wide. There are no other man-made objects as big as this.

The Great Wall is unique (独特的). It is one of the symbols of China. 3. 有很多关于长城的故事。 For example, Meng Jiangnv Weeping over the Great Wall is a sad but touching love story. From the story, we learn that the Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of flesh (肉) and blood.

4. The Great Wall is not just a wall. The walls were connected by a system (系统) of watch- towers. These were used not only to stop the enemy’s attack (攻击) but also to communicate with the capital by signal.

No trip to China is complete without visiting the Great Wall. 5. Today the Great Wall is a must-see. Its size and beauty will take your breath away. A tour to the Great Wall will give you a taste of China’s history and will provide you with the journey of a lifetime! Just as the Chinese saying goes, “He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”

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参考答案：

1．an    2．Luckily    3．landed    4．hungry    5．was called    6．brothers    7．him    8．Because    9．to    10．to please

【分析】文章是马克·吐温的短篇小说《百万英镑》的故事梗概。Henry落难时，有两个富裕的兄弟给了他一张百万英镑的钞票，他在餐馆因衣衫褴褛而遭到不礼貌待遇，而人们又因这百万英镑而去取悦他。

1．句意：Henry是一名美国商人。businessman是可数名词单数，此处泛指一名美国商人，American以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故填an。

2．句意：幸运的是，他被发现了，并被一艘开往伦敦的船接走了。此处用副词修饰整个句子。luck的副词形式是luckily，意为“幸运地，幸运的是”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Luckily。

3．句意：所以他是偶然在伦敦登陆的。根据上下文可知用过去时态讲述故事，此处用一般过去时，land的过去式是landed。故填landed。

4．句意：他独自一人，饥肠辘辘地走在城市的街道上。and前后表示等同关系，词性保持一致，alone是形容词，作伴随状语，此处用hunger的形容词形式hungry表示“饥饿的”。故填hungry。

5．句意：没想到，他被叫进了一所大房子。根据“into a big house”可知是被叫进一所大房子，用被动语态，文章以过去时态讲述故事，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语“he”后用be动词was。故填was called。

6．句意：在那里富有的兄弟俩，Oliver和Roderick递给他一封信，叫他在凌晨两点前不要打开。由two可知，空处应填名词复数。故填brothers。

7．句意：在那里富有的兄弟俩，Oliver和Roderick递给他一封信，叫他在凌晨两点前不要打开。动词told后接人称代词宾格，he的宾格形式是him。故填him。

8．句意：因为他衣衫褴褛，看起来很脏。根据“Why?”可知此处要回答原因，用because表示“因为”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Because。

9．句意：然后，令大家吃惊的是，他递给店主一张百万英镑的钞票来付饭钱。to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是，固定短语。故填to。

10．句意：看到这张钞票，餐馆里所有的人都变得很友好，尽力取悦亨利。try one’s best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事，此处用动词不定式。故填to please。

11．has    12．them    13．Recently    14．a    15．bedrooms    16．was carried    17．to finish    18．traditional    19．in    20．than

【导语】本文主要介绍了荷兰用3D打印机建造的一座房子。

11．句意：荷兰需要数千栋新房子，因为该国人口不断增长。根据“The Netherlands needs…”可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语是“the country”，谓语have用第三人称单数形式。故填has。

12．句意：其中一些可以打印。介词“of”后用代词宾格，some of them“它们中的一些”。故填them。

13．句意：最近，政府一直在与一所大学和一些建筑公司合作建造完全3D打印的房屋。逗号前用副词修饰整个句子，recently“最近”，首字母大写。故填Recently。

14．句意：作为志愿者，一对老夫妇成为欧洲第一对搬进这样一所房子的人。“house”是可数名词单数，前面需加冠词，表示“这样的一所房子”，且“house”以辅音音素开头，用such a house。故填a。

15．句意：这座房子有两间卧室和一个大客厅，是用一台巨大的3D打印机和特殊的水泥一层一层地建造的。bedroom“卧室”，“two”修饰可数名词复数。故填bedrooms。

16．句意：房子被打印出来后，用卡车运到了建筑工地，后来又加上了屋顶和窗户。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，根据“by a truck”可知，用被动语态was/were+done的结构，主语是“the house”，be动词用was。故填was carried。

17．句意：完成这座3D打印房子花了大约120个小时。“It takes+时间段+to do sth”，表示“做某事花费多长时间”，动词不定式作主语。故填to finish。

18．句意：通常，用传统的方式建造一所房子需要一到两年的时间。tradition“传统”，名词，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词“way”。故填traditional。

19．句意：这对夫妇将在这所房子里住六个月，月付800欧元。live“住，生活”，不及物动词，live in…“住在……”。故填in。

20．句意：费用似乎有点高，但他们认为这比住在酒店便宜得多。根据“it is much cheaper…living in the hotel”可知，住在这所房子比住酒店便宜，than“比”，前面用比较级。故填than。

21．on    22．to take    23．your    24．Generally    25．signing    26．a    27．enjoyable    28．letters    29．makes    30．and

【导语】本文介绍世界写信日，应该写信给谁，应该怎么写信，写信有什么意义等。

21．句意：它是在每年的9月1日。“September 1st”是具体的时间，用介词on，故填on。

22．句意：他鼓励人们从今天的社交媒体中休息一下，手写一封信给别人。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to take。

23．句意：父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter，用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。

24．句意：一般来说，一封信包括这些部分。generally enerally“一般来说”，句首需大写首字母。故填Generally。

25．句意：通过签名来结束它。by是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填signing。

26．句意：这是一个很好的方式来告诉人们你一直在想着他们。此处泛指一个方法，good首字母发辅音音素，故填a。

27．句意：它带来愉快的回忆。此处作定语修饰memories，用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。

28．句意：有些人把信件保存起来，多年来一直看。根据“them”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式。故填letters。

29．句意：最近的一项研究表明，写信也会让写信人感到快乐。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“letter writing”，动词用三单。故填makes。

30．句意：所以，拿起纸和笔。分析“get some paper...pick up a pen”可知，前后构成并列关系，用and连接。故填and。

31．它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节日活动。    32．Many/A lot of/Lots of people like Yangge very much.    33．甚至在中国新年前一个月，他们就开始准备秧歌了。    34．他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。    35．They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves./They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try self-made/homemade food.

【分析】文章介绍了秧歌这一中国民间传统舞蹈。

31．It’s它是；a very popular festival activity一个非常受欢迎的节日活动；in north China在中国北方。故填：它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节日活动。

32．人people，可数名词复数；许多many/a lot of/lots of，修饰可数名词复数；喜欢like；秧歌Yangge；非常very much。句子用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。句子开头首字母大写。故填Many/A lot of/Lots of people like Yangge very much.

33．They他们；begin to prepare yangge开始准备秧歌；even甚至；a month一个月；before the Chinese New Year在中国新年前。故填：甚至在中国新年前一个月，他们就开始准备秧歌了。

34．They他们；wish希望，祝福；people人们；a happy New Year一个快乐的新年；by dancing yangge通过跳秧歌；in the streets在街上。故填：他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。

35．他们they；邀请某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.；表演者performers；品尝taste；自制食物self-made food/homemade food。句子用一般现在时，主语“they”后用动词原形。句子开头首字母大写。故填They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try  self-made/home made food.

36．剪纸在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。    37．有时，人们用它们作为礼物。    38．They hope it will bring them good luck.    39．中国北方的剪纸通常有有趣的形状。    40．Learning paper cutting is very easy.

【导语】本文主要讲述了中国的传统文化——剪纸。

36．Paper cutting“剪纸”；is“是”；an art form“一种艺术形式”；with a long history“有悠久的历史”；in China“在中国”。故填：剪纸在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。

37．Sometimes“有时候”；people“人们”；use...as...“使用……作为……”；gifts“礼物”。故填：有时，人们用它们作为礼物。

38．they“他们”；hope“希望”，后加宾语从句，that省略；it“它”；will bring them good luck“将会给他们带来好运”。故填They hope it will bring them good luck.

39．Paper-cuts“剪纸”；from“来自”； the north of China“中国北方”；usually“通常”；have interesting shapes“有有趣的形状”。故填：中国北方的剪纸通常有有趣的形状。

40．learning paper cutting“学习剪纸”，此处是动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；is“是”；very easy“非常容易”。故填Learning paper cutting is very easy.

41．It is the longest wall around the world.    42．长城被重建很多次。    43．There are many stories about the Great Wall.    44．长城不仅是城墙。    45．如今，长城是一个必看的景点。

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍长城的相关内容。

41．它是It is，世界上around the world，最长的城墙the longest wall。故填It is the longest wall around the world.

42．It它（长城），was rebuilt被重建，many times很多次。故填：长城被重建很多次。

43．有there be，很多关于长城的故事many stories about the Great Wall，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填There are many stories about the Great Wall.

44．The Great Wall长城，is not不，just仅仅，a wall是城墙。故填：长城不仅是城墙。

45．Today如今，the Great Wall长城，is是，a must-see一个必看的景点。故填：如今，长城是一个必看的景点。