2022-2023学年上海交大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海交大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共44页。
2022-2023学年上海交大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension （25’）Section A Directions：In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1.5分）A.The experiment turned out well.
B.The experiment took a whole day.
C.He hasn't had time to do the experiment.
D.He only did part of the experiment that day.
2．（1.5分）A.In a courthouse.
B.In a warehouse.
C.In a department store.
D.In a fashion designer's studio.
3．（1.5分）A.Linda doesn't want any birthday gifts.
B.Linda would probably prefer some coffee.
C.There is no reason to buy this book for Linda.
D.She was thinking of giving Linda the same copy.
4．（1.5分）A.The boxes might be too heavy for her to lift.
B.There are a lot of boxes in the way.
C.He's checking the tonnage.
D.He's almost finished.
5．（1.5分）A.Keep the check.
B.Send a wire.
C.Inspect the wiring.
D.Replace the lamp.
6．（1.5分）A.He doesn't have any idea about what he wants to do.
B.He wonders whether the woman has a job.
C.He can't decide where to go on vacation.
D.He'd like to work this summer.
7．（1.5分）A.He went to see a film on campus.
B.He was taking pictures of the campus.
C.His photographs were on the evening news.
D.His television appearance was unintentional.
8．（1.5分）A.Orchestra seats are best.
B.There's standing room only.
C.All tickets are essentially the same.
D.The man should play in the orchestra.
9．（1.5分）A.It is in the center of the campus.
B.It should have a map of the city.
C.It organizes the summer camps.
D.It can provide a campus map.
10．（1.5分）A.She knows she'll like the dish.
B.She cooked every bit of the food.
C.She likes the current temperature.
D.She wishes the weather would get hotter.
Section B Directions：In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（3分）（1）A.A final copy of the research project.
B.Copies of the midterm.
C.A textbook and pencils.
D.A few pens.
（2）A.It will include both multiple﹣choice and essay questions.
B.It will include nothing but multiple﹣choice questions.
C.It will include an oral and a written section.
D.It will include nothing but essay questions.
（3）A.It will be easy to understand.
B.Students must complete all parts of it.
C.It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.
D.Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.
12．（3分）（1）A.They should go through some natural process of decay.
B.They should be put into boiling water for a little while.
C.They should be preserved by any other method first.
D.They should be exposed to air for some time.
（2）A.To state that blanching is expensive but every effective.
B.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly.
C.To warn that not blanching will harm the food's nutritional value.
D.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few times a time.
（3）A.It eventually causes vegetables to spoil.
B.It stops after the vegetables have ripened.
C.It preserves the flavor of frozen vegetables.
D.It is a necessary step in the blanching process.
13．（4分）（1）A.A line drawing.
B.An oil painting.
C.A wood carving.
D.A stone sculpture.
（2）A.Highly functional.
B.Both abstract and realistic.
C.Brightly colored.
D.Large but lightweight.
（3）A.The seal.
B.The caribou.
C.The polar bear.
D.The white whale.
（4）A.White snow.
B.Survival skills.
C.A tasty food.
D.An artist's model.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence
14．（1分）According to Musk，the eventual ___________ of the Starship project is to establish bases on the Moon and Mars and put humans on the"path to being a multi﹣planet civilization".（　　）
A． object B． objection
C． objective D． objectification
15．（1分）The visiting students were required to___________ their passes issued by the administrative office before they left the school.（　　）
A． turn back B． turn in C． turn out D． turn up
16．（1分）As the final exam is drawing near，there is a sense of excitement mixed with anxiety ___________ ，for the students are looking forward to the summer vacation but tremble at the thought of the coming exam.（　　）
A． by air B． in the air
C． on the air D． out of thin air
17．（1分）Seismologists（地震学家） have been measuring vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth's surface.But their instruments also ___________ vibrations from noisy human activities，like heavy footfall in crowded pedestrian areas，vehicle traffic，industrial operations and excited stadium crowds causing "football quakes".（　　）
A． pick up B． play out C． point out D． put up
18．（1分）According to a report by a Hong Kong research center，raising a child in the city___________a family an average of HK ＄5.5 million from a child's birth to college graduation.So there is every reason for Hong Kong's low fertility rates.（　　）
A． costs B． needs C． spends D． takes
19．（1分）The 28th Shanghai TV Festival，to be held from June 19 to 23，will include a variety of events，including exhibitions，a TV market and forums，through which overseas buyers may ___________ into original Chinese productions，giving them global exposure.（　　）
A． invest B． investigate
C． look D． tap
20．（1分）The name Victoria is German in ___________ .Legend has it that the ruling Regent（摄政王） was so angry at the birth of the princess，he refused to give her a royal name，so the new﹣born baby had to be named after her German mother，thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.（　　）
A． nature B． origin C． source D． resource
21．（1分）New York City's three library systems closed their doors at 3：30pm Wednesday，a few hours earlier than ___________ ，because of deteriorating air quality conditions，according to spokeswomen for the agencies.（　　）
A． average B． common C． normal D． ordinary
22．（1分）With the gradual acceleration of development along the Huangpu River，a new "opening method"has been adopted for the industrial heritage sites that ___________ along the riverbank.（　　）
A． expand B． lengthen C． spread D． stretch
23．（1分）The Chinese saying toutong yitou，jiaotong yijiao，or"treating only the head for headache and only the feet for a foot sore，"is a criticism of any approach that fails to ___________ the root cause of a problem and is thus fundamentally unable to solve it.（　　）
A． acknowledge B． identify
C． recognize D． search
Section B（20’）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
24．（10分）
A.access B.balance C.device D.issues E.pursuits F.review G.separate
H.signs I.social J.staying K.walking
Why taking a phone break is so good for you
You are probably too attached to that needy black rectangle you carry around everywhere you go.Although it's not formally recognized as an addiction—yet—"problematic smartphone use"interferes with many aspects in life，say Jay Olsen，a postdoctoral scholar in psychology at McGill University who has researched the topic."It could be interfering with your concentration.It could be that you feel less （1）　 　 when using your phone.It could be that you're sleeping less well，because you're（2）　 　up late scrolling."
Those （3）　 　likely sound familiar，because smartphone overuse "affects almost anybody who has a （4）　 　 at this point，"says Dr.Anna Lembke，a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University."The digital content is just so appealing，and we have such easy（5）　 　 ."Smartphone use also intensified during the pandemic's first lonely years.
But failing to（6）　 　 from your screen could have harmful implications.Research links smartphone overuse to a wide variety of physical and mental﹣health （7）　 　 .People who are glued to their phones tend to get worse sleep and less of it.And according to a（8）　 　 published in Frontiers in Psychology in August，smartphone overuse can lead to anxiety，stress，and depression.All that scrolling also consumes your time and attention，leaving less to spend on healthy （9）　 　like exercise and spending time with loved ones.
Take some space from your phone— even for short amounts of time—can help restore your （10）　 　 ，attention，and even faith in humanity."I think disconnecting matters to everyone，" says Adam Alter，a professor of marketing at NYU.
25．（10分）
A.address；B.challenges；C.imaging；D.monitor；E.navigate；
F.operations；G.respond；H.setting；I.short；J.successive；K.worth
Satellites Can Help Us Fight Climate Change
At the beginning of 2021，President Joe Biden exclaimed that"science is back"as we continued our efforts to（1）　 　 the COVID emergency.That phrase continues to ring true across the federal government.Science and its applications are being used at every agency—to deal with public health（2）　 　 ，build new transportation infrastructure，inform policy decisions and tackle the climate crisis.
Recently the Interior Department's U.S.Geological Survey assumed （3）　 　 of Landsat 9 from NASA，which built and launched it in 2021.This satellite is designed to（4）　 　 Earth's land，water and other natural resources.Landsat missions support environmental sustainability and climate resilience.The Landst program，which launched in July 1972，has helped us understand our planet and the changes that are occurring on it.That partnership has propelled research and observation forward through the launch of （5）　 　 Landsat satellites，each replacing its predecessors and working in tandem with new capabilities and strengths.
I attended the historic launch of Landsat 9 in California.It was nothing （6）　 　 of amazing.I toured the mission control center and met a young scientist from the Navajo Nation living far away from home.She uses Landsat（7）　 　 to see her home from many miles away，and with such data，she enables her community to manage water resources in the face of a changing climate.This is the power and beauty of science at work.
All around the globe，scientists are using Landsat and other imagery to interpret what is happening on Earth today and to compare it with the 50 years'（8）　 　 of data the Landsat program has collected.
This science﹣based program and those like it across federal agencies are powerful tools in our efforts to responsibly manage our resources.Their prioritization helps to demonstrate the Biden﹣Harris administration's commitment to lead with science.So，too，the resources provided through the president's Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act will be key to the development of longer﹣term sustainability measures as we（9）　 　 to climate change，including building more resilient communities and protecting our natural environment.
Landsat NEXT is the upcoming mission we will develop with NASA to power better science and decision﹣making for the next 50 years.Science is indeed（10）　 　 us on a path to a brighter future.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze （30’） Directions：For each bl ank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit s the context.
26．（15分）
AN UNLIKELY HERO
Miep Gies was a recently married young office worker living in Amsterdam in 1942.As German occupiers tightened their grip on the city，Gies's boss，Otto Frank，asked her to hide him and his family from the Nazis，who were sending Jews to concentration camps.For the next two years，Gies （1）　 　 her life daily to smuggle food to the Franks and four others concealed in secret rooms above Otto's business.
When she could no longer protect the family﹣when the Nazis finally came and took them away in 1944—Gies kept their story alive by saving Anne Frank's （2）　 　 .She's the reason the world has The Diary of a Young Girl.
Later in Gies's life，people called her heroic.Believing she simply did what she could in evil times，she is said to have made this （3）　 　 ："Even an ordinary secretary or a housewife or a teenager can，within their own small ways，turn on a small light in a dark room."
A Small Light tells Gies's story in an eight﹣part mini﹣series shot in Amsterdam and Prague.In interview s on location，its creators and actors （4）　 　 on why Gies remains an inspiration.
" （5）　 　 most of us are familiar with the diary，what was going on outside the annex…is the mystery，"says Tony Phelan，who with wife Joan Rater headed the project.Rater adds to that idea："What does hiding people mean on a day﹣to﹣day （6）　 　 ？Mie p said yes to Otto Frank，and then you have to say yes every day afterwards，even when it's hard，even when you're sick，even when you don't want to.And that，to me the everyday drudgery of it all，is quite dramatic."
Phelan and Rater，married for 30 years，created，executive produced，and wrote the mini﹣ series after six years of research.It was a 1995 （7）　 　 ，Anne Frank Remembered，that initially （8）　 　 their interest，and they visited the Anne Frank House，the museum established where the Franks once hid.After descending its （9）　 　 ，narrow stairs— as Ann had—Rater noticed a girl doing cartwheels（侧手翻） outside.
For A Small Light，Rate r turned that memory of a girl's carefree spirit into a flashback scene：Anne in 1941，on Mie p and Jan Gies's wedding day.She's skipping，excited over the romantic ceremony.Then within a year，her life would be （10）　 　 but fear.
One bright spot for Anne was visits from Gies，who （11）　 　 supplies by bicycle.Actress Bel Powley plays Gies and，to get into her character's mindset，retraced those journeys."Tony and Joan gave me all these cool maps so that I could cycle Miep's （12）　 　 ，"she says.Powley，who is Jewish，felt the （13）　 　 of telling this story，especially as the shoot neared its end.
The girl who wanted to be a famous writer became one，of course.Still，no one would ever read （14）　 　 that began "Dear Kitty"had Gies not gathered the scattered papers and the diary with the red﹣checkered cover and later given them to Otto，the family's sole survivor.The Miep Gieses of the world—the small lights，the extraordinary ordinary people who did something，who pushed back against tyranny，who pushed back against authoritarians，who pushed back against fascists—remembering what they accomplished，I think，gives us some （15）　 　 on what we can accomplish."

（1）
A.sacrificed
B.saved
C.rescued
D.risked
（2）
A.jewellery
B.journal
C.journey
D.justice
（3）
A.declaration
B.release
C.response
D.statement
（4）
A.concentrated
B.emphasize
C.reflected
D.relied
（5）
A.As
B.If
C.until
D.While
（6）
A.base
B.basis
C.foundation
D.scale
（7）
A.documentary
B.history
C.memory
D.victory
（8）
A.spared
B.sparked
C.stacked
D.steered
（9）
A.slim
B.steady
C.steep
D.stubborn
（10）
A.anything
B.everything
C.nothing
D.something
（11）
A.fed
B.ferried
C.fetched
D.filled
（12）
A.road
B.role
C.round
D.route
（13）
A.passion
B.regret
C.urge
D.weight
（14）
A.articles
B.chapters
C.columns
D.entries
（15）
A.perspective
B.potential
C.promise
D.prospect
27．（15分）
The Book of the Millennium
When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago，I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist（汉学家）.Many visitors would pop into our house，and one night around the kitchen table I met a（n） （1）　 　 character.His name was David Hawkes.A（n） （2）　 　 linguist，he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties，during World War II.Later，as a teacher，he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South（楚辞），part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has （3）　 　 in the West.Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford，but，as he put it，"I resigned in order to （4）　 　 my time to translating a Chinese novel...Well，the Chinese novel."
The book was Dream of the Red Chamber，written by Cao Xueqin.British （5）　 　 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorker in 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature "very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature"and that"it is （6）　 　 one of the great novels of all literature."
Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor，with the help of his son﹣in﹣law John Minford，who （7）　 　 the last two volumes of the five，which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986.Hawkes' translation was （8）　 　 as an introduction to a"masterpiece".
Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s"by a great artist with his very lifeblood，"said Hawkes.It is full of （9）　 　 detail of the social，cultural and spiritual life of the time.Studying it for non﹣Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful .At a time when （10）　 　 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country's new international role，getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel （11）　 　 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement.Cao's work while seen as essentially local and Chinese，is about （12）　 　 and the nature of human experience.That transcends
the （13）　 　 of a particular language and con text in which the novel is set.
The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages—twice as long as War and Peace. （14）　 　 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names（to a non﹣Chinese reader）.But once you are into it，it is a book into which the reader can completely （15）　 　 themselves；it is like anything else in all of literature.

（1）
A.arrogant
B.fascinating
C.humorous
D.responsible
（2）
A.decisive
B.frustrated
C.generous
D.talented
（3）
A.copied
B.launched
C.revised
D.survived
（4）
A.addict
B.devote
C.expose
D.reduce
（5）
A.critic
B.critical
C.criticism
D.criticize
（6）
A.beyond question
B.in doubt
C.in question
D.out of the question
（7）
A.gathered
B.bought
C.sold
D.translated
（8）
A.approved
B.appointed
C.elected
D.greeted
（9）
A.boring
B.fake
C.imaginary
D.incredible
（10）
A.appreciation
B.definition
C.determination
D.opposition
（11）
A.barely
B.critically
C.specially
D.universally
（12）
A.humanity
B.modernity
C.personality
D.sincerity
（13）
A.boundaries
B.circles
C.perspectives
D.spaces
（14）
A.Never﹣ending
B.Hard﹣going
C.Labor﹣saving
D.Record﹣breaking
（15）
A.change
B.immerse
C.persuade
D.reduce

Section B （22’） Directions：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
28．（8分） Scholars have long debated how and when the Renaissance began.One thing，however，that most scholars agree upon is the significance of this historical period as an evolutionary movement to ward individualism in art and thought.Although there is no historical agreement on the exact time order of events leading to the Renaissance，many historians agree that visionaries of the fifteenth century had a sense of belonging to a movement far greater than themselves and so far﹣reaching as to supersede the artistic and literary forms of the classical era.This phenomenon produced the Renaissance，a period when art，literature，language，and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists.Humanists believed in the importance of the humanities or "human letters".Eventually，intellectuals of this period became aware of man's inner potential.
The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age.In fact，it was his term， "Rinascita"，which comes from the Latin"renasci"，to be reborn，that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today.
Petrarch believed that the end of classic al antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness，which he characterized as "the Dark Ages"，came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A.D.The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth，which he distinguished as the New Age.Petrarch's view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text.Most significant was his belief that the pagans（异教徒） of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth.This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man's earthly life was merely a function of the social order.From the fourteenth century through the early seventeenth century，this new individualism grew steadily in Western European culture with a motivation fed by man's desire to define and evaluate the essential values between men of antiquity and the emerging modern man.
Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration，they set new goals.They explored the relationship between ancient culture s and their own cultures，and by doing so，they discovered a new vision of human life，of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential to ward perfection.

（1）The word"supersede"（in paragraph 1）most probably means 　 　 .
A.keep pace with
B.make full use of
C.give rise to
D.take the place of
（2）Which of the following shows the correct time order（from far to near） of the three periods？ 　 　
A.the Dark Ages，the Renaissance，the Roman Empire
B.the Renaissance，the Roman Empire，the Dark Ages
C.the Roman Empire，the Dark Ages，the Renaissance
D.the Dark Ages，the Roman Empire，the Renaissance
（3）Why is Petrarch mentioned in the passage？ 　 　
A.He coined the term"Renaissance"，which has been in use for over 700 years.
B.His belief in personal perfection was the fundamental idea of the Renaissance.
C.His prediction of the comeback of Latin and Greek classics inspired many artists.
D.He translated ancient texts to Latin and Greek，leading to the start of the Renaissance.
（4）What can be concluded about artists and writers during period of the Renaissance？ 　 　
A.They failed to realize their own fullest potential.
B.They developed their own cultures from ancient ones.
C.They went beyond the classics with a new individualism.
D.They did nothing more than recapture the glory of the ancients.
29．（8分） The Wind and the Leaves
"Come，little leaves，"said the wind one day，
"Come over the meadows with me and play.
Put on your dress of red and gold；
For summer is gone，and the days grow cold."
Soon as the leaves heard the wind's loud call，
Down they came fluttering，one and all，
O'er the brown field then they danced and flew
Singing the soft little songs they knew.
Dancing and whirling，the little leaves went，
Winter had called them，and they were content.
Soon，fast asleep on their earthy beds，The snow laid a coverlet over their heads.
﹣﹣George Cooper
（1）What does the poet mean by"Singing the soft little songs they knew"？ 　 　
A.They echoed the call of the wind.
B.They celebrated the arrival of fall.
C.They were being blown about everywhere.
D.They were making a rustling sound as they dropped from the trees in the wind.
（2）What kind of literary device（文学修辞） does the poet use？ 　 　
A.Metaphor 暗喻
B.Alliteration 押头韵
C.Personification 拟人
D.Simile 明喻
（3）What's the mood of the poem？ 　 　
A.Joyful.
B.Realistic.
C.Sorrowful.
D.Sad.
30．（6分）Tourism is a leisure activity，whose prework means just the opposite．Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that，it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time，which is arranged beforehand．Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to，and their stay in，various destinations．This necessarily involves some movement，that is the journey，and a period of stay in a new place or places．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places，of residence and work，and are of a short﹣term and temporary nature，and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time．
Modern societies engage in such tourist practices．New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists，as opposed to the individual character of travel．Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation （期望） especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures，either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there．Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non﹣tourist practices，such as films，TV，literature，magazines，records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming．
Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience．Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary．The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life．People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs，postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured．
One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the "pseudo﹣event" （1964）where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience "reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo﹣events"．Isolated from the host environment and the local people，the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man﹣made attractions，and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo﹣events and disregarding the real world outside．Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self﹣ perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit．Such visits are made，says Boorstin，within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．

（1）In the 1st paragraph，the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place　 　．
A．making a careful travel plan is necessary
B．planning travel involves time and thought
C．getting travel tips from your friends may save time
D．choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable
（2）The sentence "the viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning" in the 3rd paragraph means　 　．
A．traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine
B．new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive
C．tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience
D．travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values
（3）We can infer from the last paragraph that　 　．
A．when travelling，many tourists will miss their homes and friends
B．visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time
C．the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own
D．American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside
（4）Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage？　 　
A．Tourism，an Outlook on Different Life
B．Tourism，a Direct Hug of Nature
C．Tourism，a New Relation to Familiar Sights
D．Tourism，a False Belief about the World
Section C (8’) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
31．（8分）
A.They also say that without a basic education，poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general，the loans are 100 USD or less，usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history，which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may，however，ignore systematic causes of large﹣scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
Every Little Bit Counts？
One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending.Microcredit is the practice of giving very small，short﹣term loans to poor people.（1）　 　The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses.Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.
Grameen Bank，started as a project in 1976，is a pioneer of microcredit.（2）　 　Borrowers often have no steady job no other property，and no one to co﹣sign on the loan ﹣ common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere.Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right，and with a 98% repayment rate，it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.
Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations.How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable!However，recent studies question how effective microcredit really is.Critics say that poor people with enough entrepreneurial drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway.Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans，which aren't always used for businesses. （3）　 　And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women，some say the loans aren't causing any measurable improvement in women's lives.
The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting：that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. （4）　 　Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.
Section A （20’）Directions：After reading the passages below， fill in the blanks to make the passage co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fit s each blank.
32．（10分）
Parental Instincts
Last year in early summer，I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds，each about 6 centimeters tall，standing in my driveway.They didn't seem to notice me（1）　 　I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes.
I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds（2）　 　 （make） a nest in my front yard，although I didn't really expect them to as wild birds don't usually nest so close.
A few weeks later，the birds reappeared.I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway.As I approached them，I imagined that they'd run away like they did last time，but instead they （3）　 　 （stick） out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound （4）　 　 came from deep inside their throats.
I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius （长尾石鸻）.I still didn't know（5）　 　they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery：they（6）　 　 （lay） two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now.
As I crept towards the birds，careful not to make any sudden movement，they started their croaking again， （7）　 　 （stretch） their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening.
I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground.The birds took this （8）　 　 a threat and the father raced towards me，spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making （9）　 　 app ear larger.
I was sorry（10）　 　 （scare） them and left quickly.
I am amazed by their bold actions.Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous.It is hard not to be awe d by nature.
33．（10分）
Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI
European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide﹣ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence.If passed，those rules would make the E.U.the first major jurisdiction（司法管辖区域） outside of China （1）　 　 （pass） targeted AI regulation.And tech companies are lobbying（游说） hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules.
The E.U.Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens （2）　 　（base） on their behavior and facial recognition in public.The rules could set a global standard，as companies may find it easier to obey E.U.rules in all countries， （3）　 　 to build different products for different jurisdictions.
One of the act's most controversial points is whether so﹣called general﹣purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— （4）　 　 be considered high risk，and thus subject to the strictest rules.Lobbying （5）　 　 this possibility are Big Tech companies，including Google and OpenAI's biggest investor Microsoft，which （6）　 　 （invest） billions of dollars into building general ﹣purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies."Predicting all potential risks"of general﹣purpose AIs would （7）　 　 be near impossible but also hold back innovation，a letter to E.U.lawmakers co﹣signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says；instead，it recommends，the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies （8）　 　apply Big Tech's AIs to specific risky use cases.（9）　 　 （categorize） general﹣purpose AI systems as"high risk"would be wrong，Google argued in a separate letter to E.U.regulators，and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe.
A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea，arguing that excluding （10）　 　（powerful）AI systems from the new E.U.rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn't apply to Facebook or TikTok.
Section B（3’+3’+4’+5’＝15’）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
34．（3分）为了在这个重要的场合发言，这位老师特意化了点妆，这让她的学生对她刮目相看。（which） 　 　
35．（3分）学生们对新当选的学生会主席评价很高，因为他明确表示学生们有限的时间应该被善加利用。（it） 　 　
36．（4分）上个月，各个年龄段的人涌入电影院去看动画电影《灌篮高手》（Slam Dunk），有些观众甚至被感动落泪，因为角色的成长让他们回忆起自己青春的梦想。（remind） 　 　
37．（5分）如今的家长被来自各种擅长贩卖焦虑（fearmongering）的公众号的文章狂轰滥炸，难怪他们很难毫无保留地相信我们的教育制度。（bombard） 　 　

2022-2023学年上海交大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
I. Listening Comprehension （25’）Section A Directions：In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1.5分）A.The experiment turned out well.
B.The experiment took a whole day.
C.He hasn't had time to do the experiment.
D.He only did part of the experiment that day.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
2．（1.5分）A.In a courthouse.
B.In a warehouse.
C.In a department store.
D.In a fashion designer's studio.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
3．（1.5分）A.Linda doesn't want any birthday gifts.
B.Linda would probably prefer some coffee.
C.There is no reason to buy this book for Linda.
D.She was thinking of giving Linda the same copy.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
4．（1.5分）A.The boxes might be too heavy for her to lift.
B.There are a lot of boxes in the way.
C.He's checking the tonnage.
D.He's almost finished.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
5．（1.5分）A.Keep the check.
B.Send a wire.
C.Inspect the wiring.
D.Replace the lamp.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
6．（1.5分）A.He doesn't have any idea about what he wants to do.
B.He wonders whether the woman has a job.
C.He can't decide where to go on vacation.
D.He'd like to work this summer.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
7．（1.5分）A.He went to see a film on campus.
B.He was taking pictures of the campus.
C.His photographs were on the evening news.
D.His television appearance was unintentional.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
8．（1.5分）A.Orchestra seats are best.
B.There's standing room only.
C.All tickets are essentially the same.
D.The man should play in the orchestra.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
9．（1.5分）A.It is in the center of the campus.
B.It should have a map of the city.
C.It organizes the summer camps.
D.It can provide a campus map.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
10．（1.5分）A.She knows she'll like the dish.
B.She cooked every bit of the food.
C.She likes the current temperature.
D.She wishes the weather would get hotter.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
Section B Directions：In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（3分）（1）A.A final copy of the research project.
B.Copies of the midterm.
C.A textbook and pencils.
D.A few pens.
（2）A.It will include both multiple﹣choice and essay questions.
B.It will include nothing but multiple﹣choice questions.
C.It will include an oral and a written section.
D.It will include nothing but essay questions.
（3）A.It will be easy to understand.
B.Students must complete all parts of it.
C.It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.
D.Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
12．（3分）（1）A.They should go through some natural process of decay.
B.They should be put into boiling water for a little while.
C.They should be preserved by any other method first.
D.They should be exposed to air for some time.
（2）A.To state that blanching is expensive but every effective.
B.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly.
C.To warn that not blanching will harm the food's nutritional value.
D.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few times a time.
（3）A.It eventually causes vegetables to spoil.
B.It stops after the vegetables have ripened.
C.It preserves the flavor of frozen vegetables.
D.It is a necessary step in the blanching process.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
13．（4分）（1）A.A line drawing.
B.An oil painting.
C.A wood carving.
D.A stone sculpture.
（2）A.Highly functional.
B.Both abstract and realistic.
C.Brightly colored.
D.Large but lightweight.
（3）A.The seal.
B.The caribou.
C.The polar bear.
D.The white whale.
（4）A.White snow.
B.Survival skills.
C.A tasty food.
D.An artist's model.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence
14．（1分）According to Musk，the eventual ___________ of the Starship project is to establish bases on the Moon and Mars and put humans on the"path to being a multi﹣planet civilization".（　　）
A． object B． objection
C． objective D． objectification
【答案】A
【分析】根据马斯克的说法，星际飞船项目的最终目标是在月球和火星上建立基地，让人类走上"成为多星球文明的道路"。
15．（1分）The visiting students were required to___________ their passes issued by the administrative office before they left the school.（　　）
A． turn back B． turn in C． turn out D． turn up
【答案】B
【分析】来访的学生必须在离开学校前交上行政办公室颁发的通行证。
16．（1分）As the final exam is drawing near，there is a sense of excitement mixed with anxiety ___________ ，for the students are looking forward to the summer vacation but tremble at the thought of the coming exam.（　　）
A． by air B． in the air
C． on the air D． out of thin air
【答案】B
【分析】随着期末考试的临近，空气中弥漫着一种兴奋和焦虑的感觉，因为学生们期待着暑假，但一想到即将到来的考试就发抖。
17．（1分）Seismologists（地震学家） have been measuring vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth's surface.But their instruments also ___________ vibrations from noisy human activities，like heavy footfall in crowded pedestrian areas，vehicle traffic，industrial operations and excited stadium crowds causing "football quakes".（　　）
A． pick up B． play out C． point out D． put up
【答案】A
【分析】地震学家一直在测量穿过地球表面的地震产生的振动。但他们的仪器也能接收到嘈杂的人类活动产生的振动，比如拥挤的行人区的沉重脚步声、车辆交通、工业运营以及引发"足球地震"的激动的体育场人群。
18．（1分）According to a report by a Hong Kong research center，raising a child in the city___________a family an average of HK ＄5.5 million from a child's birth to college graduation.So there is every reason for Hong Kong's low fertility rates.（　　）
A． costs B． needs C． spends D． takes
【答案】A
【分析】根据香港某研究中心的一份报告，从孩子出生到大学毕业，在香港抚养一个孩子平均要花费550万港元。因此，香港的低生育率是有充分理由的。
19．（1分）The 28th Shanghai TV Festival，to be held from June 19 to 23，will include a variety of events，including exhibitions，a TV market and forums，through which overseas buyers may ___________ into original Chinese productions，giving them global exposure.（　　）
A． invest B． investigate
C． look D． tap
【答案】A
【分析】第28届上海电视节将于6月19日至23日举行，将包括各种活动，包括展览、电视市场和论坛，海外买家可以通过这些活动投资中国原创作品，让他们获得全球曝光。
20．（1分）The name Victoria is German in ___________ .Legend has it that the ruling Regent（摄政王） was so angry at the birth of the princess，he refused to give her a royal name，so the new﹣born baby had to be named after her German mother，thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.（　　）
A． nature B． origin C． source D． resource
【答案】B
【分析】维多利亚这个名字来源于德语。传说，执政的摄政王对公主的出生非常生气，他拒绝给她一个皇室名字，所以新生的孩子不得不以她的德国母亲的名字命名，从而成为英国第一个叫维多利亚的人。
21．（1分）New York City's three library systems closed their doors at 3：30pm Wednesday，a few hours earlier than ___________ ，because of deteriorating air quality conditions，according to spokeswomen for the agencies.（　　）
A． average B． common C． normal D． ordinary
【答案】C
【分析】纽约市三个图书馆系统的发言人表示，由于空气质量状况恶化，该系统于周三下午3：30关门，比正常时间提前了几个小时。
22．（1分）With the gradual acceleration of development along the Huangpu River，a new "opening method"has been adopted for the industrial heritage sites that ___________ along the riverbank.（　　）
A． expand B． lengthen C． spread D． stretch
【答案】A
【分析】随着黄浦江沿岸开发的逐步加快，沿江扩展的工业遗产地采用了一种新的"开放方式"。
23．（1分）The Chinese saying toutong yitou，jiaotong yijiao，or"treating only the head for headache and only the feet for a foot sore，"is a criticism of any approach that fails to ___________ the root cause of a problem and is thus fundamentally unable to solve it.（　　）
A． acknowledge B． identify
C． recognize D． search
【答案】D
【分析】中国有句俗语叫"头痛医头，脚痛医脚"，这是对没有找到问题根源的方法的批评，因此从根本上无法解决问题。
Section B（20’）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
24．（10分）
A.access B.balance C.device D.issues E.pursuits F.review G.separate
H.signs I.social J.staying K.walking
Why taking a phone break is so good for you
You are probably too attached to that needy black rectangle you carry around everywhere you go.Although it's not formally recognized as an addiction—yet—"problematic smartphone use"interferes with many aspects in life，say Jay Olsen，a postdoctoral scholar in psychology at McGill University who has researched the topic."It could be interfering with your concentration.It could be that you feel less （1）　I　 when using your phone.It could be that you're sleeping less well，because you're（2）　J　up late scrolling."
Those （3）　H　likely sound familiar，because smartphone overuse "affects almost anybody who has a （4）　C　 at this point，"says Dr.Anna Lembke，a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University."The digital content is just so appealing，and we have such easy（5）　A　 ."Smartphone use also intensified during the pandemic's first lonely years.
But failing to（6）　G　 from your screen could have harmful implications.Research links smartphone overuse to a wide variety of physical and mental﹣health （7）　D　 .People who are glued to their phones tend to get worse sleep and less of it.And according to a（8）　F　 published in Frontiers in Psychology in August，smartphone overuse can lead to anxiety，stress，and depression.All that scrolling also consumes your time and attention，leaving less to spend on healthy （9）　E　like exercise and spending time with loved ones.
Take some space from your phone— even for short amounts of time—can help restore your （10）　B　 ，attention，and even faith in humanity."I think disconnecting matters to everyone，" says Adam Alter，a professor of marketing at NYU.
【答案】（1）﹣（5）IJHCA（6）﹣（10）GDFEB
【分析】本文讲述了研究表明过度使用手机对身心健康的危害，并提倡从手机中抽出一些空闲时间帮助提高我们的身心健康。
25．（10分）
A.address；B.challenges；C.imaging；D.monitor；E.navigate；
F.operations；G.respond；H.setting；I.short；J.successive；K.worth
Satellites Can Help Us Fight Climate Change
At the beginning of 2021，President Joe Biden exclaimed that"science is back"as we continued our efforts to（1）　E　 the COVID emergency.That phrase continues to ring true across the federal government.Science and its applications are being used at every agency—to deal with public health（2）　B　 ，build new transportation infrastructure，inform policy decisions and tackle the climate crisis.
Recently the Interior Department's U.S.Geological Survey assumed （3）　K　 of Landsat 9 from NASA，which built and launched it in 2021.This satellite is designed to（4）　D　 Earth's land，water and other natural resources.Landsat missions support environmental sustainability and climate resilience.The Landst program，which launched in July 1972，has helped us understand our planet and the changes that are occurring on it.That partnership has propelled research and observation forward through the launch of （5）　J　 Landsat satellites，each replacing its predecessors and working in tandem with new capabilities and strengths.
I attended the historic launch of Landsat 9 in California.It was nothing （6）　I　 of amazing.I toured the mission control center and met a young scientist from the Navajo Nation living far away from home.She uses Landsat（7）　C　 to see her home from many miles away，and with such data，she enables her community to manage water resources in the face of a changing climate.This is the power and beauty of science at work.
All around the globe，scientists are using Landsat and other imagery to interpret what is happening on Earth today and to compare it with the 50 years'（8）　F　 of data the Landsat program has collected.
This science﹣based program and those like it across federal agencies are powerful tools in our efforts to responsibly manage our resources.Their prioritization helps to demonstrate the Biden﹣Harris administration's commitment to lead with science.So，too，the resources provided through the president's Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act will be key to the development of longer﹣term sustainability measures as we（9）　G　 to climate change，including building more resilient communities and protecting our natural environment.
Landsat NEXT is the upcoming mission we will develop with NASA to power better science and decision﹣making for the next 50 years.Science is indeed（10）　H　 us on a path to a brighter future.

【答案】EBKDJ ICFGH
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局于2021年发射的9号陆地卫星可以监测地球的自然资源，从而帮助我们更加了解地球并更好地应对气候变化。
III. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze （30’） Directions：For each bl ank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit s the context.
26．（15分）
AN UNLIKELY HERO
Miep Gies was a recently married young office worker living in Amsterdam in 1942.As German occupiers tightened their grip on the city，Gies's boss，Otto Frank，asked her to hide him and his family from the Nazis，who were sending Jews to concentration camps.For the next two years，Gies （1）　D　 her life daily to smuggle food to the Franks and four others concealed in secret rooms above Otto's business.
When she could no longer protect the family﹣when the Nazis finally came and took them away in 1944—Gies kept their story alive by saving Anne Frank's （2）　C　 .She's the reason the world has The Diary of a Young Girl.
Later in Gies's life，people called her heroic.Believing she simply did what she could in evil times，she is said to have made this （3）　D　 ："Even an ordinary secretary or a housewife or a teenager can，within their own small ways，turn on a small light in a dark room."
A Small Light tells Gies's story in an eight﹣part mini﹣series shot in Amsterdam and Prague.In interview s on location，its creators and actors （4）　C　 on why Gies remains an inspiration.
" （5）　D　 most of us are familiar with the diary，what was going on outside the annex…is the mystery，"says Tony Phelan，who with wife Joan Rater headed the project.Rater adds to that idea："What does hiding people mean on a day﹣to﹣day （6）　D　 ？Mie p said yes to Otto Frank，and then you have to say yes every day afterwards，even when it's hard，even when you're sick，even when you don't want to.And that，to me the everyday drudgery of it all，is quite dramatic."
Phelan and Rater，married for 30 years，created，executive produced，and wrote the mini﹣ series after six years of research.It was a 1995 （7）　C　 ，Anne Frank Remembered，that initially （8）　B　 their interest，and they visited the Anne Frank House，the museum established where the Franks once hid.After descending its （9）　C　 ，narrow stairs— as Ann had—Rater noticed a girl doing cartwheels（侧手翻） outside.
For A Small Light，Rate r turned that memory of a girl's carefree spirit into a flashback scene：Anne in 1941，on Mie p and Jan Gies's wedding day.She's skipping，excited over the romantic ceremony.Then within a year，her life would be （10）　C　 but fear.
One bright spot for Anne was visits from Gies，who （11）　B　 supplies by bicycle.Actress Bel Powley plays Gies and，to get into her character's mindset，retraced those journeys."Tony and Joan gave me all these cool maps so that I could cycle Miep's （12）　D　 ，"she says.Powley，who is Jewish，felt the （13）　C　 of telling this story，especially as the shoot neared its end.
The girl who wanted to be a famous writer became one，of course.Still，no one would ever read （14）　A　 that began "Dear Kitty"had Gies not gathered the scattered papers and the diary with the red﹣checkered cover and later given them to Otto，the family's sole survivor.The Miep Gieses of the world—the small lights，the extraordinary ordinary people who did something，who pushed back against tyranny，who pushed back against authoritarians，who pushed back against fascists—remembering what they accomplished，I think，gives us some （15）　B　 on what we can accomplish."

（1）
A.sacrificed
B.saved
C.rescued
D.risked
（2）
A.jewellery
B.journal
C.journey
D.justice
（3）
A.declaration
B.release
C.response
D.statement
（4）
A.concentrated
B.emphasize
C.reflected
D.relied
（5）
A.As
B.If
C.until
D.While
（6）
A.base
B.basis
C.foundation
D.scale
（7）
A.documentary
B.history
C.memory
D.victory
（8）
A.spared
B.sparked
C.stacked
D.steered
（9）
A.slim
B.steady
C.steep
D.stubborn
（10）
A.anything
B.everything
C.nothing
D.something
（11）
A.fed
B.ferried
C.fetched
D.filled
（12）
A.road
B.role
C.round
D.route
（13）
A.passion
B.regret
C.urge
D.weight
（14）
A.articles
B.chapters
C.columns
D.entries
（15）
A.perspective
B.potential
C.promise
D.prospect
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）DCDCD （6）﹣（10）DCBCC （11）﹣（15）BDCAB
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Miep Gies在二战期间帮助隐藏安妮•弗兰克一家的故事。
27．（15分）
The Book of the Millennium
When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago，I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist（汉学家）.Many visitors would pop into our house，and one night around the kitchen table I met a（n） （1）　D　 character.His name was David Hawkes.A（n） （2）　D　 linguist，he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties，during World War II.Later，as a teacher，he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South（楚辞），part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has （3）　B　 in the West.Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford，but，as he put it，"I resigned in order to （4）　B　 my time to translating a Chinese novel...Well，the Chinese novel."
The book was Dream of the Red Chamber，written by Cao Xueqin.British （5）　A　 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorker in 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature "very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature"and that"it is （6）　A　 one of the great novels of all literature."
Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor，with the help of his son﹣in﹣law John Minford，who （7）　D　 the last two volumes of the five，which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986.Hawkes' translation was （8）　B　 as an introduction to a"masterpiece".
Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s"by a great artist with his very lifeblood，"said Hawkes.It is full of （9）　D　 detail of the social，cultural and spiritual life of the time.Studying it for non﹣Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful .At a time when （10）　A　 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country's new international role，getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel （11）　D　 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement.Cao's work while seen as essentially local and Chinese，is about （12）　A　 and the nature of human experience.That transcends
the （13）　A　 of a particular language and con text in which the novel is set.
The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages—twice as long as War and Peace. （14）　D　 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names（to a non﹣Chinese reader）.But once you are into it，it is a book into which the reader can completely （15）　B　 themselves；it is like anything else in all of literature.

（1）
A.arrogant
B.fascinating
C.humorous
D.responsible
（2）
A.decisive
B.frustrated
C.generous
D.talented
（3）
A.copied
B.launched
C.revised
D.survived
（4）
A.addict
B.devote
C.expose
D.reduce
（5）
A.critic
B.critical
C.criticism
D.criticize
（6）
A.beyond question
B.in doubt
C.in question
D.out of the question
（7）
A.gathered
B.bought
C.sold
D.translated
（8）
A.approved
B.appointed
C.elected
D.greeted
（9）
A.boring
B.fake
C.imaginary
D.incredible
（10）
A.appreciation
B.definition
C.determination
D.opposition
（11）
A.barely
B.critically
C.specially
D.universally
（12）
A.humanity
B.modernity
C.personality
D.sincerity
（13）
A.boundaries
B.circles
C.perspectives
D.spaces
（14）
A.Never﹣ending
B.Hard﹣going
C.Labor﹣saving
D.Record﹣breaking
（15）
A.change
B.immerse
C.persuade
D.reduce

【答案】 （1）﹣（5）DDBBA （6）﹣（10）ADBDA （11）﹣（15）DAADB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《红楼梦》这本中国小说以及其英文翻译。
Section B （22’） Directions：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
28．（8分） Scholars have long debated how and when the Renaissance began.One thing，however，that most scholars agree upon is the significance of this historical period as an evolutionary movement to ward individualism in art and thought.Although there is no historical agreement on the exact time order of events leading to the Renaissance，many historians agree that visionaries of the fifteenth century had a sense of belonging to a movement far greater than themselves and so far﹣reaching as to supersede the artistic and literary forms of the classical era.This phenomenon produced the Renaissance，a period when art，literature，language，and philosophy found new and extraordinary interpretations in the hands of the Humanists.Humanists believed in the importance of the humanities or "human letters".Eventually，intellectuals of this period became aware of man's inner potential.
The fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch characterized the early stage of this movement as the New Age.In fact，it was his term， "Rinascita"，which comes from the Latin"renasci"，to be reborn，that eventually led to the term Renaissance that we use today.
Petrarch believed that the end of classic al antiquity and the beginning of a thousand years of darkness，which he characterized as "the Dark Ages"，came with the destruction of the Roman Empire by invasions in 476 A.D.The awakening from this period was a time of rebirth，which he distinguished as the New Age.Petrarch's view limited the Rinascita to the comeback of Latin and Greek classics from antiquity based on translations of ancient text.Most significant was his belief that the pagans（异教徒） of antiquity were much inspired by the pursuit of arts and literature in an effort to reach the highest potential of perfection on earth.This belief led to a new sense of individualism and enlightenment that characterized the age of the Renaissance as one that was against the old beliefs that man's earthly life was merely a function of the social order.From the fourteenth century through the early seventeenth century，this new individualism grew steadily in Western European culture with a motivation fed by man's desire to define and evaluate the essential values between men of antiquity and the emerging modern man.
Not only did artists and writers turn to classical culture for inspiration，they set new goals.They explored the relationship between ancient culture s and their own cultures，and by doing so，they discovered a new vision of human life，of man as a glorious creature capable of developing his mind and body to reach his fullest potential to ward perfection.

（1）The word"supersede"（in paragraph 1）most probably means 　D　 .
A.keep pace with
B.make full use of
C.give rise to
D.take the place of
（2）Which of the following shows the correct time order（from far to near） of the three periods？ 　C　
A.the Dark Ages，the Renaissance，the Roman Empire
B.the Renaissance，the Roman Empire，the Dark Ages
C.the Roman Empire，the Dark Ages，the Renaissance
D.the Dark Ages，the Roman Empire，the Renaissance
（3）Why is Petrarch mentioned in the passage？ 　B　
A.He coined the term"Renaissance"，which has been in use for over 700 years.
B.His belief in personal perfection was the fundamental idea of the Renaissance.
C.His prediction of the comeback of Latin and Greek classics inspired many artists.
D.He translated ancient texts to Latin and Greek，leading to the start of the Renaissance.
（4）What can be concluded about artists and writers during period of the Renaissance？ 　C　
A.They failed to realize their own fullest potential.
B.They developed their own cultures from ancient ones.
C.They went beyond the classics with a new individualism.
D.They did nothing more than recapture the glory of the ancients.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）DCBC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要写了文艺复兴的起源和意义。学者们长期以来一直在争论文艺复兴是如何开始的，但他们大多数人都同意这个历史时期对艺术和思想的个人主义演进运动的重要性。
29．（8分） The Wind and the Leaves
"Come，little leaves，"said the wind one day，
"Come over the meadows with me and play.
Put on your dress of red and gold；
For summer is gone，and the days grow cold."
Soon as the leaves heard the wind's loud call，
Down they came fluttering，one and all，
O'er the brown field then they danced and flew
Singing the soft little songs they knew.
Dancing and whirling，the little leaves went，
Winter had called them，and they were content.
Soon，fast asleep on their earthy beds，The snow laid a coverlet over their heads.
﹣﹣George Cooper
（1）What does the poet mean by"Singing the soft little songs they knew"？ 　D　
A.They echoed the call of the wind.
B.They celebrated the arrival of fall.
C.They were being blown about everywhere.
D.They were making a rustling sound as they dropped from the trees in the wind.
（2）What kind of literary device（文学修辞） does the poet use？ 　C　
A.Metaphor 暗喻
B.Alliteration 押头韵
C.Personification 拟人
D.Simile 明喻
（3）What's the mood of the poem？ 　A　
A.Joyful.
B.Realistic.
C.Sorrowful.
D.Sad.
【答案】（1）﹣（3）DCA
【分析】这是一首诗歌。诗歌描写了秋天的风和树叶，树叶在风的吹动下快乐的歌唱舞蹈，等待冬天的来临。
30．（6分）Tourism is a leisure activity，whose prework means just the opposite．Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that，it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time，which is arranged beforehand．Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to，and their stay in，various destinations．This necessarily involves some movement，that is the journey，and a period of stay in a new place or places．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places，of residence and work，and are of a short﹣term and temporary nature，and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time．
Modern societies engage in such tourist practices．New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists，as opposed to the individual character of travel．Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation （期望） especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures，either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there．Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non﹣tourist practices，such as films，TV，literature，magazines，records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming．
Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience．Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary．The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life．People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs，postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured．
One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the "pseudo﹣event" （1964）where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience "reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo﹣events"．Isolated from the host environment and the local people，the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man﹣made attractions，and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo﹣events and disregarding the real world outside．Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self﹣ perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit．Such visits are made，says Boorstin，within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．

（1）In the 1st paragraph，the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place　B　．
A．making a careful travel plan is necessary
B．planning travel involves time and thought
C．getting travel tips from your friends may save time
D．choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable
（2）The sentence "the viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning" in the 3rd paragraph means　D　．
A．traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine
B．new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive
C．tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience
D．travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values
（3）We can infer from the last paragraph that　B　．
A．when travelling，many tourists will miss their homes and friends
B．visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time
C．the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own
D．American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside
（4）Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage？　D　
A．Tourism，an Outlook on Different Life
B．Tourism，a Direct Hug of Nature
C．Tourism，a New Relation to Familiar Sights
D．Tourism，a False Belief about the World
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了旅行和停留的定义是在正常的地方以外，居住和工作，是短期的和暂时的，并且有明确的意图在相对较短的时间内回家．
Section C (8’) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
31．（8分）
A.They also say that without a basic education，poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general，the loans are 100 USD or less，usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history，which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may，however，ignore systematic causes of large﹣scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
Every Little Bit Counts？
One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending.Microcredit is the practice of giving very small，short﹣term loans to poor people.（1）　B　The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses.Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.
Grameen Bank，started as a project in 1976，is a pioneer of microcredit.（2）　F　Borrowers often have no steady job no other property，and no one to co﹣sign on the loan ﹣ common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere.Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right，and with a 98% repayment rate，it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.
Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations.How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable!However，recent studies question how effective microcredit really is.Critics say that poor people with enough entrepreneurial drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway.Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans，which aren't always used for businesses. （3）　A　And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women，some say the loans aren't causing any measurable improvement in women's lives.
The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting：that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. （4）　D　Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.
【答案】BFAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小额信贷的历史以及利与弊。
Section A （20’）Directions：After reading the passages below， fill in the blanks to make the passage co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fit s each blank.
32．（10分）
Parental Instincts
Last year in early summer，I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds，each about 6 centimeters tall，standing in my driveway.They didn't seem to notice me（1）　until　I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes.
I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds（2）　making　 （make） a nest in my front yard，although I didn't really expect them to as wild birds don't usually nest so close.
A few weeks later，the birds reappeared.I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway.As I approached them，I imagined that they'd run away like they did last time，but instead they （3）　stuck　 （stick） out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound （4）　that/which　 came from deep inside their throats.
I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius （长尾石鸻）.I still didn't know（5）　why　they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery：they（6）　have laid　 （lay） two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now.
As I crept towards the birds，careful not to make any sudden movement，they started their croaking again， （7）　stretching　 （stretch） their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening.
I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground.The birds took this （8）　as　 a threat and the father raced towards me，spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making （9）　his　 app ear larger.
I was sorry（10）　to hear　 （scare） them and left quickly.
I am amazed by their bold actions.Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous.It is hard not to be awe d by nature.
【答案】（1）until（2）making（3）stuck（4）that/which（5）why（6）have laid（7）stretching（8）as（9）his（10）to scare
【分析】本文讲述了作者在家门口发现筑巢的小鸟，并感叹鸟父母保护孩子的本能，体会到敬畏大自然的道理。
33．（10分）
Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI
European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide﹣ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence.If passed，those rules would make the E.U.the first major jurisdiction（司法管辖区域） outside of China （1）　to pass　 （pass） targeted AI regulation.And tech companies are lobbying（游说） hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules.
The E.U.Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens （2）　based　（base） on their behavior and facial recognition in public.The rules could set a global standard，as companies may find it easier to obey E.U.rules in all countries， （3）　rather than　 to build different products for different jurisdictions.
One of the act's most controversial points is whether so﹣called general﹣purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— （4）　should　 be considered high risk，and thus subject to the strictest rules.Lobbying （5）　against　 this possibility are Big Tech companies，including Google and OpenAI's biggest investor Microsoft，which （6）　have invested　 （invest） billions of dollars into building general ﹣purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies."Predicting all potential risks"of general﹣purpose AIs would （7）　not only　 be near impossible but also hold back innovation，a letter to E.U.lawmakers co﹣signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says；instead，it recommends，the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies （8）　that　apply Big Tech's AIs to specific risky use cases.（9）　Categorizing　 （categorize） general﹣purpose AI systems as"high risk"would be wrong，Google argued in a separate letter to E.U.regulators，and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe.
A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea，arguing that excluding （10）　the most powerful　（powerful）AI systems from the new E.U.rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn't apply to Facebook or TikTok.
【答案】（1）to pass（2）based（3）rather than（4）should（5）against（6）have invested（7）not only（8）that（9）Categorizing（10）the most powerful
【分析】本文是一片说明文。文章讲述欧洲准备管控人工智能，大型科技企业心急如焚。
Section B（3’+3’+4’+5’＝15’）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
34．（3分）为了在这个重要的场合发言，这位老师特意化了点妆，这让她的学生对她刮目相看。（which） 　In order to speak on this important occasion，the teacher specially put on some makeup，which made her students look at her with new eyes.　
【答案】In order to speak on this important occasion，the teacher specially put on some makeup，which made her students look at her with new eyes.
【分析】为了在这个重要的场合发言，这位老师特意化了点妆，这让她的学生对她刮目相看。
35．（3分）学生们对新当选的学生会主席评价很高，因为他明确表示学生们有限的时间应该被善加利用。（it） 　The students have a high evaluation of the newly elected student union president because he made it clear that their limited time should be made good use of.　
【答案】The students have a high evaluation of the newly elected student union president because he made it clear that their limited time should be made good use of.
【分析】学生们对新当选的学生会主席评价很高，因为他明确表示学生们有限的时间应该被善加利用。
36．（4分）上个月，各个年龄段的人涌入电影院去看动画电影《灌篮高手》（Slam Dunk），有些观众甚至被感动落泪，因为角色的成长让他们回忆起自己青春的梦想。（remind） 　Last month，people of all ages flocked to theaters to see the animated film "Slam Dunk，" and some viewers were even moved to tears as the characters' growth reminded them of the dreams of their youth.　
【答案】Last month，people of all ages flocked to theaters to see the animated film "Slam Dunk，" and some viewers were even moved to tears as the characters' growth reminded them of the dreams of their youth.
【分析】上个月，各个年龄段的人涌入电影院去看动画电影《灌篮高手》（Slam Dunk），有些观众甚至被感动落泪，因为角色的成长让他们回忆起自己青春的梦想。
37．（5分）如今的家长被来自各种擅长贩卖焦虑（fearmongering）的公众号的文章狂轰滥炸，难怪他们很难毫无保留地相信我们的教育制度。（bombard） 　It's no wonder parents these days are bombarded with posts from social media outlets that specialise in selling fearmongering，so they find it hard to trust our education system unreservedly.　
【答案】It's no wonder parents these days are bombarded with posts from social media outlets that specialise in selling fearmongering，so they find it hard to trust our education system unreservedly.
【分析】如今的家长被来自各种擅长贩卖焦虑（fearmongering）的公众号的文章狂轰滥炸，难怪他们很难毫无保留地相信我们的教育制度。
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