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高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Adversity and Course同步达标检测题
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这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Adversity and Course同步达标检测题，共7页。
课时作业(一) Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The workers demand that their w________ should be raised, because prices of basic goods are rising.
2．Unfortunately, all passengers a________ fell into the river.
3．I often ________ (陷入)in the mood of feeling everything is unreal.
4．As far as he is concerned, he doesn't feel ashamed of the ________(痛苦的，令人难受的)life.
5．Children need discipline, but they need ________ (指导)even more.
6．After many days' ________ (航海), they arrived in what is called America now.
Ⅱ.选词填空
turn down, set off, to his surprise, be stuck in, apply, dream of, from bad to worse, hold on, enthusiastic, sink
1．My heart ________ as I heard the pain in his voice.
2．Students who want to join the famous university next autumn must ________ by Sunday.
3．How terrible! Our school bus________ the traffic jam for more than half an hour.
4．Tom was a daydreamer. He ________ meeting and falling in love with a beautiful woman.
5．________， around 50 young people responded to his call the same night.
6．There is no denying that our living qualities have gone ________．
7．If you are ________ about something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way that you behave and talk.
8．If you ask someone to ________， you are asking them to wait for a short time.
9．The meat needs soft fire now. Please ________ the gas.
10．If you want to catch that train we'd better ________ for the station immediately.
Ⅲ.语法填空
An expedition to the South Pole with Shackleton was one that I had been dreaming 1.________. When I 2.________ (apply)to join it, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't 3.________(qualify). So, I had a good idea. I secretly went abroad the ship and hid myself in a cupboard. 4.________ (fortunate), I was discovered by them after a few days. Shackleton finally agreed and gave me 5.________ job as a steward on the ship.
Honestly speaking, the journey had not been easy. The ship Endurance got 6.________ (stick)in ice and we finally decided to abandon it. Before we left the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us 7.________(rescue)the most essential supplies. Shackleton even threw away all his gold. But much to our 8.________ (surprising), he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 9.________ he often played to keep our 10.________ (spirit)up.
We had to settle on the ice. But the spring was coming, and the ice would soon begin to melt. How terrible!
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________10．________
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World
[2023·福建省福清西山学校月考]There are still hundreds of relativelyunknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history.
Tiera Guinn
This 21yearold scientist hasn't yet graduated from college, but Tiers Guinn's already doing rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院)senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She's an aerospace major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US.
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.
Jane Goodall
The most famous primate(灵长目)scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn't just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat.
Rachel Carson
In the 1960s, one environmental scientist's voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson's. Her article, “Silent Spring，” warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药)and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation's environmental history .
1．What is Tiera Guinn's greatest achievement?
A．She entered the best university of the world.
B．She has been learning the newest rocket science.
C.She has helped build a big and powerful rocket.
D．She is a top student employed by a famous company.
2．What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history?
A．She was the first woman with the advanced education.
B．She was a pioneer of the women's health in the US and the UK.
C．She founded the first women's school in the United Kingdom.
D．She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen.
3．Who made a great contribution to the animalprotection movement?
A．Tiera Guinn.
B．Jane Goodall.
C．Rachel Carson.
D．Elizabeth Blackwell.
B
My First Marathon
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a“marathon winner”．
4．A month before the marathon, the author ________．
A．was well trained
B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run
D．lost hope
5．Why did the author mention the P．E. class in his 7th year?
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
6．How was the author's first marathon?
A．He made it.
B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.
D．He walked to the end.
7．What does the story mainly tell us?
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
[答题区]
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
答案
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life offers its fair share of challenges. At any given time, anyone can face difficult seasons in their life. It is true for you. When you're experiencing difficulty, it's always helpful to have a support system to get through it. __1__ Knowing this, there are a few ways you can become supportive of a family member who is in the midst of a struggle.
Offer legal resources. If you have family members who are in trouble with the law, you can offer assistance by pointing in the direction of various legal resources. You can even decide to cover a part of their legal fees in court. __2____
Provide encouragement. When people are down on their luck, it's really easy for them to get discouraged and give up. Instead, it's a wise move to offer words of encouragement to the person. Always remind them that they're strong, capable and more powerful than they realize. __3____
Be a safe place. Sometimes, people struggle because they don't feel any love or support from anyone around them. __4__ Be their light in the dark places. This can do so much for someone who is carrying a lot on the inside.
__5__ You never want to make a person feel like they can't make it without you in their life. If you're allowing the family member to live with you for a certain period of time, be strict about what needs to happen during that time. Make sure that they develop a plan, a time line and measured action steps that can help them get back on their feet.
A．No man is an island.
B．Encourage independence.
C．In fact, they are surrounded by pressure.
D．Always compete with your family members.
E．Tell them that they will get through this situation.
F．It's all up to you to decide how you can help them.
G．However, you know that there's nothing you can do.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Norwegian Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911, after a long journey from the South Circle. His opponent, Scott, 1.________(arrive)on January 18，1912, a month late, and 2.________ (unfortunate), Scott's team encountered extreme weather and did not make 3.________ back alive.
How did Amundsen get there before Scott and returned safe and sound? There were two main reasons. First reason: the tools used were different. Amundsen used dogs to pull the sled, while Scott used horses. In normal conditions, horses were 4.________ (strong)than dogs and could carry more supplies. But in the extreme cold of the Antarctic, they were not hardly enough 5.________ (stand)the cold. One after another, they died, 6.________ (delay)Scott's arrival at the pole.
Second reason: Amundsen had experienced the cold. Amundsen, 7.________ had lived in the Eskimo tribe for a long time, remembered many of the Eskimo's methods of 8.________ (survive)and used them flexibly in his Antarctic expeditions, such as using animal fur to keep warm, finding “shelter” outside from the wind and snow, and having sled dogs alternate between jobs.
A research station called AmundsenScott 9.________ (establish)by the United States in 1957 10.________ honour of the two great explorers.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________10．________
课时作业(一)Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．wages 2.aboard 3.sink 4.miserable 5.guidance 6.voyage
Ⅱ. 选词填空
1．sank 2.apply 3.was stuck in 4.dreamt of 5.To his surprise 6.from bad to worse 7.enthusiastic 8.hold on 9.turn down 10.set off
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．of/about 2.applied 3.qualified 4.Unfortunately 5.a 6.stuck 7.to rescue 8.surprise 9.which 10.spirits
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The MIT senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.”可知，Tiera Guinn最大的成就是帮助建造了一枚美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Elizabeth Blackwell，who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.”可知，伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔，她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性，后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家，并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。
3．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。倒数第二段中“The most famous primate scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights.”可知，Jane Goodall是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家，她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名。为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet, I was determined to go ahead.”可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者因脚踝受伤导致训练时间缩短，但仍下定决心参赛。
5．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。
6．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。
7．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段中的“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助家人渡过难关的几个可行的办法。
1．答案与解析：A 上文讲到任何人都有遇到困难的时刻。A项“任何人都不例外，都要与他人产生联系”，引出下文，符合语境，故选A项。
2．答案与解析：F 上文讲述了帮助遇到法律问题的家人的几个办法，F项“到底如何去帮助他们是由你决定的”符合文意需要，故选F项。
3．答案与解析：E 上一句提到“总是提醒他们，他们是坚强的、有能力的，并且比他们自己想象的更加强大”，E项“告诉他们，他们能够渡过难关”承接上文，符合语境需要，故选E项。
4．答案与解析：C 上一句提到“有时，人们很挣扎，因为他们感受不到周围人的爱和支持”，而C项“事实上，他们被压力包围”符合语境，故选C项。
5．答案与解析：B 通读最后一段内容可知，本段围绕着“鼓励处于困境中的家人学会独立”这一主题展开，B项“Encourage independence”是本段主题句，故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿蒙森是世界上第一个站上南极点的人以及他成功的原因。
1．答案与解析：arrived 考查动词的时态。所填动词在句中作谓语，根据句中的时间状语1912可知，谓语动词用一般过去时。
2．答案与解析：unfortunately 考查副词。句意：他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达，晚了一个月，不幸的是，斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气，没能活着回来。此处用副词unfortunately修饰整个句子，作状语。
3．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达，晚了一个月，不幸的是，斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气，没能活着回来。make it为固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事”。
4．答案与解析：stronger 考查形容词比较级。句意：在正常情况下，马比狗更强壮，能够携带更多的补给。根据空格后的than可知，此空用形容词比较级。
5．答案与解析：to stand 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是在极冷的南极，它们几乎没有足够的体力抵得住寒冷。enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。
6．答案与解析：delaying 考查非谓语动词。“6.________ (delay) Scott's arrival at the pole”为结果状语，动词delay(延误)与主语they之间是主动关系，故用现在分词delaying。
7．答案与解析：who 考查定语从句。句意：阿蒙森在爱斯基摩部落生活了很长一段时间，他记得爱斯基摩人的许多生存方法，并在他的南极探险中灵活地运用了这些方法，比如用动物皮毛取暖，在外面寻找容身之处来“避风避雪”，以及让雪橇犬轮流工作。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。
8．答案与解析：survival 考查名词。介词of后接名词，survival意为“生存”。
9．答案与解析：was established 考查动词的时态和语态。所填空应是句子的谓语，主语A research station与动词establish之间是被动关系，且发生在1957年，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．答案与解析：in 考查介词。in honour of意为“为了纪念……”。
课时作业(一) Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The workers demand that their w________ should be raised, because prices of basic goods are rising.
2．Unfortunately, all passengers a________ fell into the river.
3．I often ________ (陷入)in the mood of feeling everything is unreal.
4．As far as he is concerned, he doesn't feel ashamed of the ________(痛苦的，令人难受的)life.
5．Children need discipline, but they need ________ (指导)even more.
6．After many days' ________ (航海), they arrived in what is called America now.
Ⅱ.选词填空
turn down, set off, to his surprise, be stuck in, apply, dream of, from bad to worse, hold on, enthusiastic, sink
1．My heart ________ as I heard the pain in his voice.
2．Students who want to join the famous university next autumn must ________ by Sunday.
3．How terrible! Our school bus________ the traffic jam for more than half an hour.
4．Tom was a daydreamer. He ________ meeting and falling in love with a beautiful woman.
5．________， around 50 young people responded to his call the same night.
6．There is no denying that our living qualities have gone ________．
7．If you are ________ about something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way that you behave and talk.
8．If you ask someone to ________， you are asking them to wait for a short time.
9．The meat needs soft fire now. Please ________ the gas.
10．If you want to catch that train we'd better ________ for the station immediately.
Ⅲ.语法填空
An expedition to the South Pole with Shackleton was one that I had been dreaming 1.________. When I 2.________ (apply)to join it, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't 3.________(qualify). So, I had a good idea. I secretly went abroad the ship and hid myself in a cupboard. 4.________ (fortunate), I was discovered by them after a few days. Shackleton finally agreed and gave me 5.________ job as a steward on the ship.
Honestly speaking, the journey had not been easy. The ship Endurance got 6.________ (stick)in ice and we finally decided to abandon it. Before we left the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us 7.________(rescue)the most essential supplies. Shackleton even threw away all his gold. But much to our 8.________ (surprising), he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 9.________ he often played to keep our 10.________ (spirit)up.
We had to settle on the ice. But the spring was coming, and the ice would soon begin to melt. How terrible!
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________10．________
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World
[2023·福建省福清西山学校月考]There are still hundreds of relativelyunknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history.
Tiera Guinn
This 21yearold scientist hasn't yet graduated from college, but Tiers Guinn's already doing rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院)senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She's an aerospace major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US.
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.
Jane Goodall
The most famous primate(灵长目)scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn't just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat.
Rachel Carson
In the 1960s, one environmental scientist's voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson's. Her article, “Silent Spring，” warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药)and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation's environmental history .
1．What is Tiera Guinn's greatest achievement?
A．She entered the best university of the world.
B．She has been learning the newest rocket science.
C.She has helped build a big and powerful rocket.
D．She is a top student employed by a famous company.
2．What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history?
A．She was the first woman with the advanced education.
B．She was a pioneer of the women's health in the US and the UK.
C．She founded the first women's school in the United Kingdom.
D．She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen.
3．Who made a great contribution to the animalprotection movement?
A．Tiera Guinn.
B．Jane Goodall.
C．Rachel Carson.
D．Elizabeth Blackwell.
B
My First Marathon
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a“marathon winner”．
4．A month before the marathon, the author ________．
A．was well trained
B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run
D．lost hope
5．Why did the author mention the P．E. class in his 7th year?
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
6．How was the author's first marathon?
A．He made it.
B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.
D．He walked to the end.
7．What does the story mainly tell us?
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
[答题区]
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答案
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life offers its fair share of challenges. At any given time, anyone can face difficult seasons in their life. It is true for you. When you're experiencing difficulty, it's always helpful to have a support system to get through it. __1__ Knowing this, there are a few ways you can become supportive of a family member who is in the midst of a struggle.
Offer legal resources. If you have family members who are in trouble with the law, you can offer assistance by pointing in the direction of various legal resources. You can even decide to cover a part of their legal fees in court. __2____
Provide encouragement. When people are down on their luck, it's really easy for them to get discouraged and give up. Instead, it's a wise move to offer words of encouragement to the person. Always remind them that they're strong, capable and more powerful than they realize. __3____
Be a safe place. Sometimes, people struggle because they don't feel any love or support from anyone around them. __4__ Be their light in the dark places. This can do so much for someone who is carrying a lot on the inside.
__5__ You never want to make a person feel like they can't make it without you in their life. If you're allowing the family member to live with you for a certain period of time, be strict about what needs to happen during that time. Make sure that they develop a plan, a time line and measured action steps that can help them get back on their feet.
A．No man is an island.
B．Encourage independence.
C．In fact, they are surrounded by pressure.
D．Always compete with your family members.
E．Tell them that they will get through this situation.
F．It's all up to you to decide how you can help them.
G．However, you know that there's nothing you can do.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Norwegian Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911, after a long journey from the South Circle. His opponent, Scott, 1.________(arrive)on January 18，1912, a month late, and 2.________ (unfortunate), Scott's team encountered extreme weather and did not make 3.________ back alive.
How did Amundsen get there before Scott and returned safe and sound? There were two main reasons. First reason: the tools used were different. Amundsen used dogs to pull the sled, while Scott used horses. In normal conditions, horses were 4.________ (strong)than dogs and could carry more supplies. But in the extreme cold of the Antarctic, they were not hardly enough 5.________ (stand)the cold. One after another, they died, 6.________ (delay)Scott's arrival at the pole.
Second reason: Amundsen had experienced the cold. Amundsen, 7.________ had lived in the Eskimo tribe for a long time, remembered many of the Eskimo's methods of 8.________ (survive)and used them flexibly in his Antarctic expeditions, such as using animal fur to keep warm, finding “shelter” outside from the wind and snow, and having sled dogs alternate between jobs.
A research station called AmundsenScott 9.________ (establish)by the United States in 1957 10.________ honour of the two great explorers.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________10．________
课时作业(一)Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．wages 2.aboard 3.sink 4.miserable 5.guidance 6.voyage
Ⅱ. 选词填空
1．sank 2.apply 3.was stuck in 4.dreamt of 5.To his surprise 6.from bad to worse 7.enthusiastic 8.hold on 9.turn down 10.set off
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．of/about 2.applied 3.qualified 4.Unfortunately 5.a 6.stuck 7.to rescue 8.surprise 9.which 10.spirits
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The MIT senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.”可知，Tiera Guinn最大的成就是帮助建造了一枚美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Elizabeth Blackwell，who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.”可知，伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔，她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性，后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家，并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。
3．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。倒数第二段中“The most famous primate scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights.”可知，Jane Goodall是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家，她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名。为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet, I was determined to go ahead.”可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者因脚踝受伤导致训练时间缩短，但仍下定决心参赛。
5．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。
6．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。
7．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段中的“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助家人渡过难关的几个可行的办法。
1．答案与解析：A 上文讲到任何人都有遇到困难的时刻。A项“任何人都不例外，都要与他人产生联系”，引出下文，符合语境，故选A项。
2．答案与解析：F 上文讲述了帮助遇到法律问题的家人的几个办法，F项“到底如何去帮助他们是由你决定的”符合文意需要，故选F项。
3．答案与解析：E 上一句提到“总是提醒他们，他们是坚强的、有能力的，并且比他们自己想象的更加强大”，E项“告诉他们，他们能够渡过难关”承接上文，符合语境需要，故选E项。
4．答案与解析：C 上一句提到“有时，人们很挣扎，因为他们感受不到周围人的爱和支持”，而C项“事实上，他们被压力包围”符合语境，故选C项。
5．答案与解析：B 通读最后一段内容可知，本段围绕着“鼓励处于困境中的家人学会独立”这一主题展开，B项“Encourage independence”是本段主题句，故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿蒙森是世界上第一个站上南极点的人以及他成功的原因。
1．答案与解析：arrived 考查动词的时态。所填动词在句中作谓语，根据句中的时间状语1912可知，谓语动词用一般过去时。
2．答案与解析：unfortunately 考查副词。句意：他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达，晚了一个月，不幸的是，斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气，没能活着回来。此处用副词unfortunately修饰整个句子，作状语。
3．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达，晚了一个月，不幸的是，斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气，没能活着回来。make it为固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事”。
4．答案与解析：stronger 考查形容词比较级。句意：在正常情况下，马比狗更强壮，能够携带更多的补给。根据空格后的than可知，此空用形容词比较级。
5．答案与解析：to stand 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是在极冷的南极，它们几乎没有足够的体力抵得住寒冷。enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。
6．答案与解析：delaying 考查非谓语动词。“6.________ (delay) Scott's arrival at the pole”为结果状语，动词delay(延误)与主语they之间是主动关系，故用现在分词delaying。
7．答案与解析：who 考查定语从句。句意：阿蒙森在爱斯基摩部落生活了很长一段时间，他记得爱斯基摩人的许多生存方法，并在他的南极探险中灵活地运用了这些方法，比如用动物皮毛取暖，在外面寻找容身之处来“避风避雪”，以及让雪橇犬轮流工作。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。
8．答案与解析：survival 考查名词。介词of后接名词，survival意为“生存”。
9．答案与解析：was established 考查动词的时态和语态。所填空应是句子的谓语，主语A research station与动词establish之间是被动关系，且发生在1957年，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．答案与解析：in 考查介词。in honour of意为“为了纪念……”。
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