高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习，共16页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B．In 1981， B．2， C．N， B．4， B．24，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where are the tw speakers?
A.In a stre. B．In a car. C．In the hspital.
2．When did the wman's sn graduate?
A.In 1980. B．In 1981. C．In 1982.
3．What is Jane ding nw?
A.Typing a letter. B．Changing her clthes. C．Having a meal.
4．What can we knw abut the wman?
A.She cannt read. B．She has n watch. C．She is t busy.
5．What is the wman riding?
A.A bus. B．A taxi. C．A plane.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What shall we d if smething is wrng with the watch?
A.Send it back t the factry. B．Have it repaired. C．Exchange it in the shp.
7．Hw much did the man pay fr the watch?
A.700 dllars. B．750 dllars. C．Fr free.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Hw lng will they stay there?
A.5 weeks. B．3 weeks. C．We dn't knw.
9．Hw many rms did they bk?
A.4. B．2. C．3.
10．What's the number fr the single rm?
B．N.7. C．N.6.
听第8段材料，回答第11、12题。
11．Where was the man when the murder happened?
A.On the way t the statin. B．On the way t wrk.
C.On the way hme.
12．When did the man arrive at the statin?
A.At 8：10. B．At 10：08. C．At 7：50.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Hw many cuntries has the man visited?
A.5. B．4. C．3.
14．Why did the man visit them?
A.In mst cases, t wrk. B．In mst cases, fr hlidays.
C.In mst cases, n business.
15．When did the man wrk in France?
A.In 1950s. B．In 1960s. C．In 1970s.
16．Hw lng did he wrk in France?
A.A few weeks. B．A few mnths. C．A few years.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What's tday's weather in general?
A.Windy. B．Cludy. C．Sunny.
18．Which is the highest temperature tday?
A.25 degrees. B．19 degrees. C．16 degrees.
19．Hw d yu find the weather at night?
A.Dry. B．Wet. C．Windy.
20．Hw many hurs des the weather reprt prbably cver?
A.48. B．24. C．12.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
[2023·沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测]During the time f lckdwn, a great way t manage bredm is t read. If yu dn't want t buy bks, I persnally use Libby(r verdrive. cm)t cnnect t my public library's entire ebk and audibk database. Here is my take n a wellrunded, diverse, and bredmcuring reading list：
21.What is the advantage f Libby accrding t the authr?
A.It prvides infrmatin n bredm.
B.It recmmends ways t search nline.
C.It shares sme writers' persnal bk lists.
D.It helps t get free access t the public library.
22．What is the bk EDUCATED abut?
A.A histrical event. B．An inspiring life stry.
C.A yungadult fantasy. D．A lifethreatening secret stry.
23．Which bks will attract the readers wh are int stries f murder?
A.SALTTOTHESEA&EDUCATED．
B.SALTTOTHESEA&THEDIVINERS.
C.ANDTHENTHEREWERENONE&THEDIVINERS.
D.ANDTHENTHEREWERENONE&SALTTOTHESEA.
B
[2023·大连市高三双基测试]Elephants are the largest land mammals n Earth, and understanding them better culd lead t sme incredibly large breakthrughs in science. Researchers are ding a deepdive study n elephant trunks, with the aim f imprving the future f rbtics.
Elephants' trunks are bth delicate and strng—they are capable f grasping a single leaf but can als carry nearly 600 punds. And scientists argue that these multifunctinal trunks—called prbscis are incredible inspiratin fr the next generatin f biinspired (仿生) rbts.
“Classical rbts are extremely gd fr perfrming a specific task fr which they've been designed. If yu want that rbt t d smething a little different, it will fail，” said Michel Milinkvitch, a prfessr f the physics f bilgy at the University f Geneva.
In new research, scientists explained hw elephants can mve their trunks with almst unlimited degrees f freedm, cmbining abut 20 basic mvements t carry ut mre cmplicated mvements. “Elephants have srt f a tlkit f simple mvements, and they can cmbine these simple mvements t cmplex trajectries (轨迹)，” Milinkvitch said. “They can adapt t the bject yu give them.” The study als fund that elephants can frm “pseudjints” with their trunks, similar t the structure f a human elbw (肘)and wrist.
“It's als a feeling f wnder just lking at these amazing creatures，” Milinkvitch said, nting that African frest elephants and African savanna elephants are endangered species, “We als hpe t increase awareness f the cnservatin f this very unique animal，” he said. “There are a lt f principles that we can learn frm nature; it's nt just there fr ur happy life—it is really an incredible surce f engineering principles.”
24．What is the inspiratin f elephants trunks fr biinspired rbts?
A.They are t strng t break easily. B．They are adaptable t different tasks.
C.They are lng enugh t carry ut tasks. D．They are gd at perfrming simple tasks.
25．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.Humans shuld treasure the happy life.
B.Humans shuld apply engineering principles.
C.Elephants in the wrld are n the edge f extinctin.
D.Raising awareness f animal cnservatin is significant.
26．Where is the text prbably frm?
A.A science magazine. B．A news review.
C.An advertisement. D．A turist brchure.
27．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Time t Prtect Elephants B．Elephants, Trunks and Rbtics
C.What Strange Elephants' Trunks D．Inspiratin fr Scientific Breakthrugh
C
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the evergrwing list. New researchers fund that middleaged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said，“These findings are exciting because it's pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak (最大值的) cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
“Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant.” She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
28．What is n the evergrwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A.Psitive effects f ding exercises. B．Exercises suitable fr the middleaged.
C.Experimental studies n diseases. D．Advantages f sprty wman ver man.
29．Why did the researchers ask the wman t d bicycle exercise?
A.T predict their maximum heart rate. B．T assess their cardivascular capacity.
C.T change their habits f wrking ut. D．T detect their ptential health prblems.
30．What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A.It aimed t find a cure fr dementia. B．Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C.Sme participants withdrew frm it. D．The results were far frm satisfactry.
31．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B.MiddleAged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C.Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D.Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
D
[2023·赣州市高三年级摸底]A shrtage f semicnductrs (半导体) has helped firms such as Nvidia, whse chips (芯片) pwer everything frm vide gaming t machine learning and data centres. But bm time fr sellers means misery fr buyers. Carmakers, whse prducts have becme cmputers n wheels, are amng the victims. Analysts say the industry might build arund 5 millin fewer cars this year, all fr want f the chips. Apple and Micrsft have als warned that they will be affected.
The shrtage is the result f a sudden rise in demand. Chip making has been enjying strng grwth fr decades as cmputers have stepped int every crner f sciety. But there was a strng upward trend during the pandemic. Lckeddwn cnsumers shpped nline, had meetings remtely, and killed time with videstreaming and vide gaming.
The crisis has had three cnsequences, tw encuraging and ne less s.
The first is an investment bm. Big prducers such as Intel, Samsung and TSMC are planning t spend hundreds f billins f dllars n extra capacity (产能) ver the next few years. As in many markets, high prices are the best cure fr high prices.
The secnd is that the chip industry's custmers are adapting, t. When demand fell early in the pandemic, carmakers cut their rders with chipmakers. Fllwing Tesla, Vlkswagen has annunced plans t develp driverassistance chips inhuse.
Unwelcme effect has been a sudden rise f technnatinalism. America is planning t hand ut billins f dllars t attract chipmakers back frm East Asia. Eurpe wants t duble its share f glbal prductin, t 20%, by 2030.Even Britain has declared the fate f a small chip factry in Wales t be a matter f natinal security.
Chips have cme t ccupy what used t be called the “cmmanding heights” f an ecnmy, in the way that car factries did in the 20th century. But as last century's gvernments discvered，subsidies (补贴) lend 10 versupply. Persnally, the chip shrtage is mstly a selfslving prblem. Gvernments shuld resist the temptatin t see themselves as saviurs (救星).
32．What is the main cause f the sudden shrtage f chips accrding t the passage?
A.Ecnmic crisis. B．The utbreak f the pandemic.
C.Gvernments' cntrl. D．Great demand in nline prducts.
33．What is the discuraging result f the chip shrtage accrding t the passage?
A.Ht investment in chips. B．Carmakers' adaptatin t the market.
C.Arise f technnatinalism. D．Realizatin f technlgical glbalizatin.
34．What des the authr tend t think in the last paragraph?
A.Markets are the cure fr the chip shrtage.
B.Gvernment subsidies will lead t waste.
C.The gvernment shuld rescue the market.
D.Car factries in the 20th century were n the rise.
35．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A.Chip Shrtage—A Selfslving Prblem
B.Technnatinalism—A War withut Smke
C.Challenges—Prmises f New Opprtunities
D.High Prices—the Best Cure fr High Prices
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
FitnessMagazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was：“Yu'll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym，” while anther read：“__36__” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
S, hw d yu find a wrkut partner?
First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. __37__ Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility? Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful respnse. __38__ If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.
My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number.__39__
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. __40__ Over time, bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre (核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
A．Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C．Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D．D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E．Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F．Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G．Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was returning frm hme late ne night in a “Sharing” mini van (厢式货车). In Hyderabad, India, it is a cheap and quick frm f__41__. The van driver picked up as many as 13 peple at times in a vehicle which is __42__ fr the transprt f 8. S ur van was very __43__．
Making her way t the__44__ f the van, a schl girl with a bag __45__ the driver t stp. While getting dwn, she slipped and fell. Nne f us __46__ it, as it was dark utside. The driver was __47__ fr her t pay. It was then that we saw that the girl was n her __48__ by the side f the rad. Anther passenger and I gt dwn __49__ and held her up.
Even in__50__， she held up a nte and asked us t pay the driver. The ther __51__ passenger tk the nte and paid the driver. My __52__ was a few hundred meters away. As a girl, I knew I'd get ff and stay with her in the __53__. S I paid up the driver fr __54__ and he drve away with the ther passengers.
I neither__55__ her nr did I knw what t d. But I was there, giving sme cmfrting wrds t the girl in pain. I lked fr a place fr her t sit. Then I phned her friend and waited there. She was rushed t a nearby clinic later.
41．A.life B．transprt C．activity D．cmmunicatin
42．A.designed B．bught C．rganized D．pwered
43．A.heavy B．nisy C．crwded D．awkward
44．A.driver B．windw C．dr D．seat
45．A.guided B．suggested C．admitted D．signaled
46．A.nticed B．managed C．recgnized D．std
47．A.caring B．reaching C．waiting D．planning
48．A.back B．knees C．feet D．wn
49．A.immediately B．dubtfully C．naturally D．anxiusly
50．A.silence B．surprise C．vain D．pain
51．A.patient B．helpful C．generus D．secret
52．A.hme B．stp C．car D．schl
53．A.dark B．rain C．wind D．van
54．A.himself B．herself C．myself D．itself
55．A.ignred B．persuaded C．prmised D．knew
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2023·沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测]Many scientists believe ur lve f sugar may actually be an addictin. When we eat r drink sugary fds, the sugar enters ur bld and affects parts f ur brain that make us feel gd. Then the gd feeling ges away, 56.________ (leave)us wanting mre. All 57.________ (taste)fds d this, but sugar has a particularly strng effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, ne that dctrs recmmend we all cut dwn n.
Our bdies 58.________ (design)t survive n very little sugar. Early humans ften had very little fd, s ur bdies learned t be very efficient in string sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy 59.________ (stre)fr when there was n fd. But tday, mst peple have mre than enugh. S 60.________ very thing that nce saved us may nw be killing us.
S what is the61.________ (slve)? It's bvius that we need t eat less sugar. The truble is, in tday's wrld, it's extremely difficult t avid. Frm breakfast cereals 62.________ afterdinner desserts, ur fds are increasingly filled with it. Sme manufacturers even use sugar t replace taste in fds that are advertised as lw in fat.
But there are thse 63.________ are fighting back against sugar. Many schls are replacing sugary desserts with healthier ptins like fruit. Other schls 64.________ (grw)their wn fd in gardens, r building 65.________ (facility)like walking tracks s students and thers in the cmmunity can exercise. The battle has nt yet been lst.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
[2023·福建省四地市高中毕业班第一次质量检测]你校英文报Englishsky正在举办中国航空航天成就英文征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．介绍成就；
2．分享感受。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Aerspace Achievements f China
________________________________________________________________________
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第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·湖南省长沙市模拟考试]It was ne f thse days when nthing seemed t g right. I dragged myself ut f the bed and all f the rutines began early. I drpped my tw lder children at schl with relief and unwillingly headed t the supermarket t buy grceries with my yungest. I wasn't feeling any sense f appreciatin fr my cmfrtable hme r lvely family.
I was getting mad with this early day, and my sn, just fur years ld at that time, was being difficult. I raced arund t pick the items with n regard t cst, while trying t cntrl my naughty child whse behavir had nw added t my cmplete displeasure. Yes, I was that mther, threatening, and raring at a small child.
We eventually made it t the checkut and std in the queue waiting fr ur turn. After a shrt time, I nticed that smene had jined the line behind us. I turned and saw an ld man. He wre a dirty vercat. His shes were wrn ut, and his trusers tapped arund sckless ankles n this cld, wet day. In his hands he just carried a small bx f lnglife milk.
I had t many grceries. I asked him if he'd like t g ahead f me. It wasn't an act f kindness n my part, als nt my autmatic reactin. Perhaps I just did ut f a sense f guilt, r I just wanted him gne. After all, his presence made me uncmfrtable. In the same way, I felt uncmfrtable and avided my eyes when passing a hmeless persn.
He didn't respnd t me as if I had said nthing t him. I lked at him and repeated my wrds. This time, I was sure that he had heard what I said.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
He lked surprised and uncertain.________________________________________________________________________
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I had t find him and gave back the change.________________________________________________________________________
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单元质量检测(一)
第一部分
答案：
1—5 CCABB 6—10 CBBCA
11—15 BCABA 16—20 CCAAB
听力材料：
Text 1
W：Excuse me, sir. Visiting hurs is ver nw. Yu must leave, s yur wife can get sme rest.
M：Pardn me, nurse. I didn't hear the bell r I wuld have left earlier.
Text 2
M：My sn graduated frm cllege in 1981. Hw abut yur sn?
W：He finished schl a year after yur sn did.
Text 3
W：I'll g and change my clthes as sn as I finish typing this letter.
M：OK, Jane. Then we'll take my car and g ut fr a meal.
Text 4
M：Culd yu please tell me the time?
W：N, I'm srry. I dn't have a watch.
Text 5
W：Hurry up please, r I'll be late!
M：Srry, madam, but the traffic is thick at this time f day.
Text 6
M：I want a watch. Have yu any gd nes?
W：We have a lt f them.
M：Hw much des this watch cst?
W：Seven hundred and fifty dllars.
M：The price is rather high.
W：A gd watch is very expensive.
M：Well, if I buy it and find it is nt a gd watch r ges wrng, will yu exchange it?
W：Certainly, I will prmise t d that.
M：All right then, let us say seven hundred; I can't affrd mre.
W：Srry sir, we can't let yu have it fr that.
M：Then I'll have it.
Text 7
W：Gd mrning, sir.
M：Gd mrning. Is this the Friendship Htel?
W：Yes. What can I d fr yu?
M：Gd. I'm Mr.White. We bked ur rms yesterday.
W：Just a mment, please. Yes, three single rms and ne duble, fr five peple fr three weeks. Am I right?
M：N. Yu are nt right. We'd like tw duble rms and ne single rm.
W：I'm srry. Tw duble rms, Numbers Six and Seven. One single rm, Number Nine.
M：Where are the rms?
W：On the secnd flr.
Text 8
M：At the time the murder tk place, I was travelling n the 8 'clck train t Lndn.
W：D yu always catch such an early train?
M：Of curse I d. I must be at wrk at 10.
W：At what time did yu arrive at the statin?
M：At ten t eight, I bught a paper and waited fr the train.
W：And yu didn't ntice anything unusual?
M：N.
Text 9
W：Have yu travelled very much?
M：Well, yes.
W：What cuntries have yu visited then?
M：I've been t Fiji. I've been t France, Switzerland, Italy and Ireland.
W：Why did yu visit them? Was this just fr hlidays, r wrk, r what?
M：In mst cases it was fr hlidays.
W：Have yu ever wrked abrad?
M：Yes, I have. I wrked in France fr five r six years.
W：When was that?
M：That was befre I gt married in the early 1960s.
Text 10
And nw ur weather reprt. Nice sunshine all day lng tday, sn becming very warm, but there will be sme relief frm the heat with smething f a breeze develping. Even s, the temperature will get up t 25 ℃ later tday; it's already up t 19 ℃ nw, at nine in the mrning, and it'll g n rising. Very little clud at any stage during the day, just a few cluds drifting arund early in the afternn, s we shuld end up the day with a gd furteen hurs f sunshine ging int the recrd bks. That breeze is an easterly ne that's ging t keep the castal areas a little bit cler during the day but still quite pleasant. Over the night, clear, dry weather, still a little bit f the breeze and the temperature dwn t sixteen in central Lndn and twelve r thirteen ut f twn.
第二部分
第一节
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了作者在封闭期间不用花钱就可以打发无聊时光的基本书籍。
21．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章开头部分的“If yu dn't want t buy bks, I persnally use Libby(r verdrive.cm)t cnnect t my public library's entire ebk and audibk database.”可知，Libby的优势在于可以免费阅读公共图书馆的书，故选D项。
22．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据EDUCATED部分的“Cmpletely islated frm stry f fulfilling transfrmatin f life is inspiring and may be exactly what yu're lking fr.”可知，韦斯托弗与社会完全隔绝，她年轻时生活在一个偏远的山区……，她关于实现人生转变的故事令人鼓舞，也许正是你所寻找的。据此可知，EDUCATED这本书讲述了一位女孩通过自己的努力改变人生的励志故事，故选B项。
23．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据AND THEN THERE WERE NONE部分和THE DIVINERS部分介绍可知，AND THEN THERE WERE NONE和THE DIVINERS这两本书都涉及到了有关谋杀的故事。由此可知，这两本书很有可能吸引对谋杀故事感兴趣的读者，故选C项。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。大象的象鼻可以完成不同的任务，这为仿生机器人的诞生提供了灵感。
24．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。结合第二段中“And scientists argue that these multifunctinal trunks — called prbscis are incredible inspiratin fr the next generatin f biinspired rbts.”的描述可知，大象鼻子的“多功能性”为下一代仿生机器人提供了很多令人难以置信的灵感，故选B项。
25．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。结合文章最后一段的描述，尤其是“We als hpe t increase awareness f the cnservatin f this very unique animal.”可知，人类可以从大自然中学到很多原理，提高对动物的保护意识非常重要，故选D项。
26．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。统览全文内容可知，本文重点说明象鼻为仿生机器人提供了灵感，并通过研究解释了原因，这些属于“科学类”内容，故本文可能来自“科学杂志”，故选A项。
27．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。结合全文内容的描述可知，全文紧紧围绕“大象、象鼻及其对仿生机器人的影响”等内容展开介绍和说明，所以“大象、象鼻和机器人”可作为文章标题，故选B项。
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。Dr. Helena. Hrder领导的研究表明：身体健康的中年女性在她们的晚年生活中更不容易患上失智症。
28．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middleaged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia(失智症)in later life...”可知，最新研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。由此可知，第一段直接点名主题：健身锻炼很有好处。据此可知A项“锻炼的积极影响”应该在清单范围内。
29．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak cardivascular capacity.”可知，在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，目的是测量她们的心血管峰值能力。据此可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B。
30．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.”的描述可知，这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。据此可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B。
31．答案与解析：C 文章标题题。统览全文，尤其是文章第一段开头部分可知，一项新的研究表明：身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%。据此可知C项“健康的女性患失智症的可能性更小”能够概括全文主旨大意。
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芯片短缺对于众多公司带来的影响和结果，对于芯片短缺的问题，作者认为是一个自我解决的问题。
32．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。结合第二段中的“The shrtage is the result f a sudden rise in demand... But there was a strng upward trend during the pandemic.”可知，芯片短缺是需求突然上升的结果．..但在疫情大流行期间出现了强劲的上升趋势”可知，芯片突然短缺的主要原因是疫情的爆发，故选B项。
33．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。结合倒数第二段“Unwelcme effect has been a sudden rise f technnatinalism.(技术民族主义的突然兴起带来了不受欢迎的影响)”可知，芯片短缺的令人沮丧的结果是技术民族主义的兴起，故选C项。
34．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。结合最后一段的描述可知，政府不应再继续进行大量的补贴，因为这样会导致供应过剩。作者认为芯片短缺是自我解决的问题，即市场才是解决芯片短缺的良方，故选A项。
35．答案与解析：A 文章标题题。通读全文可知，作者提出了当下全球芯片短缺的问题，给很多行业带来了消极的影响，作者认为，芯片短缺是一个自我解决的问题。由此可知A项符合本文的中心主旨，故选A项。
第二节
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
36．答案与解析：C 根据前文“FitnessMagazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.’ One reasn was: ‘Yu'll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym，’(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：‘如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。’)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选项C“Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
37．答案与解析：D 根据前文“First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility？(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性？)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选项D“D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
38．答案与解析：B 根据前文“Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful respnse. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选项B“A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
39．答案与解析：G 根据前文“My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
40．答案与解析：F 根据前文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. (你和你的锻炼伙伴可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的锻炼伙伴会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选项F“Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
第三部分
第一节
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者乘车时，看到一个小女孩下车时不小心摔倒，虽然自己还没有到站，但是选择下车陪伴这位女孩，并帮助她联系朋友接她去诊所。
41．答案与解析：B 句子的主语“it”应是指前文提及的a “Sharing” mini van。由此可知，它在印度应是一种交通工具(transprt)。
42．答案与解析：A 分析句子成分可知，“which is __42__ fr the transprt f 8”应是名词a vehicle的定语从句。结合语境可知，这种车本设计为(designed)载客量为8人却载了13个人。
43．答案与解析：C 这辆车原本载客量为8人，现在载客13人，因此很拥挤(crwded)。
44．答案与解析：C 根据下文的“While getting dwn”可知，女孩要下车，所以是向车门口(dr)走去。
45．答案与解析：D 女孩向车门口走去，要下车，所以要示意(signaled)司机停车。signaled (打手势或发声音) 向……示意，发信号。
46．答案与解析：A 根据下文的“as it was dark utside”可知，由于外面比较黑，没有人注意到(nticed)这个小女孩下车时摔倒了。
47．答案与解析：C 根据空后介词fr可知，此处为短语wait fr sb. t d sth.意为“等待某人做某事”。这个司机等着这个女孩付乘车费。
48．答案与解析：B 根据下文的“held her up (把她扶起来)”可知，她跪倒在地了。n ne's knees意为“跪在地上，倒下”。
49．答案与解析：A 作者和另一名乘客立即(immediately)下车，把她扶了起来。此处用immediately可表达作者和这位乘客下车帮忙时的心情。
50．答案与解析：D 由于女孩下车时踩空摔倒在地，对于女孩来说应该很痛(pain)。
51．答案与解析：B 根据“she held up a nte and asked us t pay the driver.”可知，她在请求帮忙，而另外一个乘客帮助了她将钱递给司机，所以填helpful。
52．答案与解析：B 根据句意和语境可知，这里的“a few hundred meters away”是作者要下车的车站(stp)。
53．答案与解析：A 根据上文提到的“as it was dark utside.”可知，作者认为自己应该下车在黑暗中(dark)陪着她。此处dark为同词复现。
54．答案与解析：C 根据前文“As a girl, I knew I'd get ff and stay with her in the ______．”可知，作者要下车，应该付乘车费给司机。pay fr myself意为“为自己支付”。
55．答案与解析：D 作者和这个女孩是搭乘同一辆车的乘客，并不认识(knw)彼此。
第二节
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了摄入过多糖对人们健康的危害及如何解决这一问题。
56．答案与解析：leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后这种美好的感觉消失了，使我们想要更多。分析句子结构可知，句中ges为谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然的结果，故填现在分词leaving。
57．答案与解析：tasty 考查词性转换。句意：所有美味的食物都是如此，但糖的作用特别强烈。修饰空后的名词fds可知，空格处需要用形容词作定语，故填tasty。
58．答案与解析：are designed 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：我们的身体天生就能靠很少的糖分生存。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语bdies和design之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are designed。
59．答案与解析：stred 考查非谓语动词。句意：这样，我们就为没有食物的时候储存了能量。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，stre和energy之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填stred。
60．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意为：因此，曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。此处very thing特指上文提到的sugar，应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
61．答案与解析：slutin 考查词性转换。句意：那么解决方法是什么呢？空处应用名词作表语，结合is可知用slutin“解决方案、解决方法”的单数形式，故填slutin。
62．答案与解析：t 考查介词。句意：从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地含有它。结合句意可知，此处考查短语，意为“从……到……”，故填t。
63．答案与解析：wh 考查定语从句。句意：但也有一些人在与糖(分)作斗争。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词thse，从句缺少主语，故填wh。
64．答案与解析：are grwing 考查动词的时态。句意为：其他学校则在花园里种植自己的食物，或修建步行道等设施，让学生和社区其他人可以锻炼身体。结合语境和下文building可知，空处应用现在进行时表“目前一段时间正在发生的动作”，主语schls是复数形式，故填are grwing。
65．答案与解析：facilities 考查名词单复数。句意见上一题。此处应用名词作宾语，可数名词facility意为“设施、设备”，根据下文walking tracks可知应用复数形式，故填facilities。
第四部分
第一节
参考范文：
Aerspace Achievements f China
In the last decade, China has made great achievements in space prgrams. What impressed me mst was the realtime interactive scientific lectures cnducted n Shenzhu 13 spacecraft last year, which were brught live t thusands f teachers and students n the grund.
The event has spurred great interest in space science amng middle schl students natinwide. Flying is the dream f everyne. I believe, with innvative ideas and perseverance, we human beings will be able t fly further and further nt nly frm the Earth t the Mn, but t the Mars and beynd.
第二节
参考范文：
Helkedsurprisedanduncertain. He asked me quietly, “Madam, I pssibly culdn't d it. Are yu sure？”“Sure！” I cnfirmed, ndding at him unwillingly. He went ahead slwly, paid fr the milk, and tk his change. Then, t my amazement, he turned t my child and pressed the change int his hand. Withut any mre wrds, he turned arund and disappeared int the crwds. Seeing this, a sense f guilt flded int my mind. I lked arund anxiusly, hping that he hadn't walked away.
Ihadtfindhimandgavebackthechange. Out f the supermarket, an ld man with a dirty vercat and sckless ankles caught my attentin. I ran t him quickly, pressing back the change int his hand with a big bag f bread fr his kindness. I hurried away befre he expressed his thanks. At this mment, my guilt gave way t the relief. Als, I felt cmfrtable abut my hme, family, and even my life, rather than being mad. A gentle breeze sftly kissed me. I went hme with my lvely child happily as well as gratefully.
SALTTOTHESEA
by Ruta Sepytys
This is a yungadult histrical fictin abut the sinking f the Wilhelm Gustlff in 1945. The stry is frm the pint f view f fur refugees (难民) frm different cuntries, all keeping lifethreatening secrets and struggling t escape t freedm.
ANDTHENTHEREWERENONE
by Agatha Christie
One f the best murder mysteries f all time. 10 strangers are invited t a remte island by a secret persn and are murdered nebyne mirrring a nursery rhyme. Yu abslutely wn't guess wh the killer is.
EDUCATED
by Tara Westver
Cmpletely islated frm sciety, Westver spent her yung life living in a remte muntainus area where n ne wuld ensure the children t receive an educatin. But Tara decided t try a new kind f life. Her quest fr knwledge transfrmed her and ultimately she was accepted t Harvard and Cambridge University. Her stry f fulfilling transfrmatin f life is inspiring and may be exactly what yu're lking fr.
THEDIVINERS
by Libba Bray
This is a yungadult fantasy that fllws a grup f teens with pwers in 1920s New Yrk City. When Evie stays with her uncle, a string f murders ccur. We fllw each character as they find their pwers and find ut wh's killing peple. The bk's a little lng, but the twists, the 1920s slang, and the diverse and layered characters make it wrthwhile.