外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature测试题

这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature测试题，共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B．$180，5分，满分37， It 60等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第五单元测试
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who is answering the phone?
A．John Smith. B．Bob Harris. C．Elaine.
2．What happened to the driver?
A．His car ran into the tree.
B．A bicycle was knocked down by his car.
C．His car broke down on the way.
3．How much did the woman pay for the coat?
A．$160. B．$180. C．$200.
4．What book has the man's sister got?
A．A medical book. B．A Chinese textbook. C．An English textbook.
5．Where does this dialogue probably take place?
A．At the barber's. B．At the dentist's. C．At the baker's.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does Linda's mother want to buy this time?
A．A new dress. B．Shoes. C．Toys for the children.
7．What can we learn about Bill?
A．He changed his job. B．He has got a cold. C．He was given a pay raise.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9 题。
8．When will the speakers have the bike trip?
A．On Friday. B．Next Sunday. C．This Saturday.
9．What does the man remind the woman to take?
A．A helmet. B．A cellphone. C．A guitar.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why does the man recommend another book?
A．He wants to recommend a better one.
B．The book the woman wants has been lent out.
C．He doesn't know the book the woman wants.
11．What does the man say about the book he recommends?
A．Its language is rather difficult.
B．It tells a touching story.
C．It was written by a middle­aged writer.
12．How long can the woman keep the same book within a year at most?
A．Three weeks. B．Four weeks. C．Six weeks.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What does the man want to do?
A．Rent a flat. B．Buy a flat. C．Change a flat.
14．Why doesn't the man like the flat on the side of Kingston Road?
A．It's not big enough. B．It's too expensive. C．It's far from the downtown area.
15．Which of the following is true about the bigger flat?
A．It has two sitting rooms.
B．It has two bedrooms.
C．Its rent is two hundred dollars a month.
16．Where is the bigger flat located?
A．Opposite the college. B．Beside the park. C．In the downtown area.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where did a small number of Chinese sailors work in London?
A．In the west of the city. B．In the center of the city. C．In the dock area of Limehouse.
18．Who moved to London near Leicester Square after World War Ⅱ？
A．A number of workers from Taiwan.
B．Many farmers from Hong Kong.
C．A lot of miners from Chinese mainland.
19．When did a small Chinese restaurant open in central London according to the passage?
A．In the 1930s. B．In the 1940s. C．In the 1950s.
20．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．London's Chinese community.
B．The history of London.
C．The new Chinese immigrants.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you looking to enter the media industry but not necessarily as an actor? There are various positions in the media—some known and some not so well­known.
Video game developer
If you have a love for computer games, you may wish to consider being a video game developer. You will need to be qualified in computer programming languages. When you get promoted to a lead developer and programmer, you will write more complicated codes and manage other programmers.
Sound engineering technician
Are you currently in the audio­visual club? How about being a sound engineering technician? As a sound engineering technician, you operate machines and equipment to record, mix, or reproduce music, voices, and other sound effects. While you would be usually working indoors, you may also need to be outdoors.
Playwright
If you would like to set free the Shakespeare in you, how about a career as a playwright? You will need a formal qualification inplay­writing or screenwriting and also understand the creative and technical aspects of theatre such as acting, directing, drama history and literary criticism, lighting, scenery and even costume design.
Film editor
As a film editor, you have to edit raw footages (镜头) in order to capture the on­screen personalities and tell a story. You will work with directors, producers and other film staff to ensure that production goals are achieved. With the use of computer software and digital equipment, you are expected to produce a high­quality finished product.
21．Who should be qualified with computer programming languages?
A．A video game developer. B．A playwright.
C．A sound engineering technician. D．A film editor.
22．What does the job of playwright need?
A．Techniques of video editing. B．Skills of sound editing.
C．A knowledge of theatre. D．A qualification in directing.
23．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To advertise. B．To inform. C．To entertain. D．To clarify.
B
In the three decades since Darah Lady's grandmother first arrived in this distant area of northern Brazil, clearing the forest by hand to build a house for her 14 children, the family has pushed deeper and deeper into the Amazon. It has been driven by a saying that good fortune comes when nature gives in to human control.
Yet their growing community there could ruin not only their children's future but also that of the entire planet. More global pandemics (流行病) are on the way, scientists say, and the next one is likely to crop up from a community like Darah Lady's, where people are taking up more and more space of the natural world and erasing the buffer zone (缓冲区) between themselves and habitats that existed long. As people cut down forest, they not only speed up the global warming but also greatly increase their risk of exposure to disease.
Scientists also say disease hot zones are expanding from Africa to South America, and that deforestation has already led to a rise in spreading disease. Zoologists have found that a third of all known disease outbreaks around the world were due to rapid land use change.
Darah Lady's community of Maruaga is filled with risks for the spread of viruses (病毒). Their family has already battled zoonotic illnesses—the term used to describe diseases spread between animals and humans.
When 40% of a land area has been destroyed, according to Tom Gillespie, a university researcher, the region hits a sort of tipping point: Wild animals are pushed closer to humans for food, and viruses begin to spread.
Darah Lady seemed to notice the slight difference of deforestation. “I get kind of sad，” Darah Lady said, “Because the forest is something I've loved since I was little. And they are deforesting, right? It's destroying nature.”
24．What do you know about Darah Lady?
A．She built a house for her 14 children.
B．She made a big fortune in Amazon.
C．Her family cut down trees for growing crops.
D．Her family lived in Amazon for decades.
25．What led to the spread of zoonotic illnesses?
A．The loss of the buffer zone. B．The effect of global warming.
C．The lack of species variety. D．The expansion of wildlife habitats.
26．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．A possible treatment for diseases.
B．A real example of the prevention of diseases.
C．A further explanation of the spread of diseases.
D．A supporting evidence for the danger of diseases.
27．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Design. C．Education. D．Environment.
C
Aerospace engineers are working on air vehicles that will be used to drop packages on your doorsteps, transport people and goods over shorter distances and could even give people the ability to call air taxis­to fundamentally change how we see the sky.
What helps the engineers get ready for the change? Batteries keep getting smaller. Materials to build the air vehicles are lighter than ever, Software is more sophisticated. A modern cockpit (驾驶舱) from 20 years ago can't do half as much as the phone in your pocket. These modernizations have enabled a greater focus on electric technology in flying over the past 15 years. It's changed the way they fly.
Maybe soon you will be walking down the street to a vertiport, where you'll catch an air taxi. We're likely to see one with a pilot, carrying boxes from one place to another. Then it will start flying with passengers and become pilotless. As the new plane becomes more common, the result could be something as simple as cutting down travel time within urban and suburban areas, making it slightly easier to get to the airport or from the suburbs to downtown. But the planes could also help get rid of “transportation deserts，” making it easier for a doctor to reach a patient in a rural area who has limited access to a hospital.
However, there are still a lot of outstanding questions. There are safety measures and requirements that need to be developed. There is pilot training and workforce development. There's the cost. There's figuring out who would use this type of transportation. There are still more advances in technology that need to happen if you want them to go farther than 150 miles and to be unmanned. But, according to Hackenberg of NASA, “About the future, it's not an if; it's a when.”
28．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Fashionable. B．Advanced. C．Conventional. D．Flexible.
29．Why is “transportation deserts'” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To present a fact. B．To explain a principle.
C．To highlight an advantage. D．To make a prediction.
30．What does Hackenberg think of the practice?
A．Promising. B．Challenging. C．Simple. D．Creative.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．Air Taxis: Say “No” to Traffic Jam B．Air Taxis: Private Flight for Business
C．Ready for Air Taxis? D．How do Air Taxis Work?
D
Stop those negative thoughts! When it comes to brain power, it appears your thoughts matter. That was the eye­opening conclusion of a study published in the journal Alzheimer'sandDementia.
For this study, scientists carefully measured the cognitive (认知) function of 292 middle­aged to older people over a four­year period. The cognitive assessments included measures of memory, attention and language.
The study subjects (实验对象) had their thinking patterns regularly monitored by responding to a series of questions over two of the four years. The thought­pattern questionnaires were designed to identify repetitive negative thinking (RNT for short). RNT includes often thinking about negative past events as well as future sources of anxiety.
About a third of the study subjects had PET scans (正电子发射计算机断层扫描) of their brains to measure levels of the abnormal brain proteins, tau and amyloid. Tau and amyloid build up in people affected with Alzheimer's disease.
The findings? Study subjects with greater RNT­these repetitive negative thought patterns­exhibited a clear decrease in cognitive function and memory over the four­year period. What's more, they had more tau and amyloid built up in their brains. It is well­documented that our thoughts have powerful, direct effects on our bodies, so these results aren't surprising.
Thankfully, studies show that we can change our thought patterns through mental­training practices, with meditation (冥想) documented to be one of the very best.
As someone who often got trapped in negative memories of the remote past, I can speak personally to the remarkable power of meditation to relieve this destructive thinking pattern, and I encourage everyone to explore this practice. I meditate every day and gratefully achieve that goal about 90% of the time.
Feel free to share this post with friends and loved ones because one of the greatest gifts we can give is the gift of better health. Enjoy!
32．How is the subjects' RNT determined?
A．By measuring their blood level. B．By analyzing their questionnaires.
C．By monitoring their behaviors. D．By examining their signs of diseases.
33．What would be the influence of RNT?
A．Forgetting the negative past. B．Changeable thinking patterns.
C．Worse body shape. D．Poorer brain function.
34．What is a recommended solution to RNT?
A．Having brain scanned regularly. B．Building up our strength.
C．Changing our study pattern. D．Practicing mental training.
35．What is the author's attitude towards meditation?
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Reserved. D．Unclear.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Having a sense of humor can make your entire life much more enjoyable. For some of us, this comes naturally. __36__ If you want some tips to improve your sense of humor, try these out：
·Appreciate more stand­up comedies.
__37__ If you don't know where to start, look for something to your taste or start with something popular. The law of attraction will help you increase your sense of humor by understanding jokes, picking up lines and other metaphors (比喻) that make people laugh.
·__38__ If you really want to develop your humor, then try to take something ordinary and make a joke out of it. In fact, there is a hidden joke behind every little event and situation you come across. Go ahead and try it. You will find out that almost everything you see in daily life has a funny side.
·Learn some simple jokes.
In the beginning, you don't have to be creative. Just go out and do some research! The Internet is full of great resources for jokes, humor, funny pictures, etc. Try searching for stuff that you like and add funny jokes to the end of your search. __39__
·Know the difference between funny and mean.
Making fun of someone for things they can't change can come off as mean. The person who is the target of the joke can grow really embarrassed and it can turn their mood off. __40__ You can also make self­depreciating (自嘲) jokes. And there will always be jokes where no one gets hurt.
A．Observe other funny people.
B．Try to see the funny side of things.
C．You will find millions of things to make people laugh.
D．For others, we might have to work a little to unlock it.
E．To increase your sense of humor, watch more comedies.
F．It's a lot better than watching something that's a bit of a struggle.
G．Instead, make jokes about something they can easily change about themselves.

第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day. “I'm always the one doing all the work，” she said. “And then the team gets the __41__ even the people who don't do anything. It's really not __42__.”
British psychologist Melanie Klein told her that there's something that __43__ the feeling: self­centeredness. Looking at the experience in a less self­centered way can help you manage it __44__. What you should do is step back to see things from a __45__ angle, one in which we are not at the center. In fact, you might think you already do that and take pride in never being unkind or __46__ another person.
When Sylvia took herself out of the __47__， she found some of her teammates were quite __48__ and inexperienced. Maybe they were afraid they wouldn't be good enough to __49__ some of the tasks. She began experimenting with ways to __50__ their strengths and at the same time to help them do __51__ they could be good at. Team projects __52__， as did team spirit; and within a year, she was __53__ and made a team leader.
Taking yourself out of the spotlight (聚光灯) isn't always easy. __54__， it is a great way to take proper responsibility without becoming __55__.
41．A.idea B．job C．praise D．skill
42．A.bad B．enough C．smooth D．fair
43．A.results in B．gets over C．wipes out D．adds to
44．A.carefully B．bitterly C．easily D．personally
45．A.safer B．funnier C．stranger D．wider
46．A.controlling B．hurting C．refusing D．helping
47．A.stress B．fight C．center D．anger
48．A.young B．energetic C．daring D．brilliant
49．A.group B．obtain C．list D．shoulder
50．A.test B．support C．ignore D．reject
51．A.work B．research C．exercises D．sports
52．A.mattered B．improved C．failed D．changed
53．A.punished B．imitated C．promoted D．persuaded
54．A.Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Instead D．However
55．A.annoyed B．shocked C．surprised D．embarrassed
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The natural beauty of Fanjingshan ensures its place among the country's top nature reserves.
Flowers are coming out pretty at 56.________ foot of Fanjingshan in early April, while white snow is still attached to the mountaintop. 57.________ (it) green and fresh vegetation (植被) is a major feature of Fanjingshan, 58.________stands northeast of Tongren city in southwestern China's Guizhou Province. Fanjingshan is home to more than 7，100 species of wild plants and animals. There are more than 40 different 59.________ (type) of forests as well as endangered animals.
The Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was established in 1978. It 60.________ (recognize) as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986. The reserve covers an area 61.________ more than 77，500 hectares and was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.
To protect biological activity more 62.________ (effective), the Fanjingshan administration has set up observation stations and put in 63.________ (monitor) equipment. Experts say Fanjingshan has an advantage in its application to become a 64.________ (nation) park in that it is the only natural habitat for the Guizhou snub­nosed monkey and the Fanjingshan fir, both of which have been rated as 65.________ (threaten) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，下个月你校将举行长跑比赛，请你给学校国际部好友Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．比赛的时间、地点等；
2．提高长跑能力的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jane got an F in the science class. Shamefully, she buried her face in her hands, thinking the day was really terrible. The worst was that it was her twelfth birthday.
The day's awfulness began when Jane decided to stay up until midnight so that she could witness the moment when she officially turned twelve. Unfortunately, she missed it. Her day didn't improve at breakfast. Carl, her baby brother, threw up while eating his baby food, causing her parents to spend the whole time cleaning up the mess and worrying Carl possibly being sick.
Like a good mature (成熟的) twelve­year­old, Jane kept quiet and pretended she wasn't angry. She knew that it wasn't Carl's fault. After all, he was just a 10­month­ old crawling (会爬的) baby who was only able to call “mama” and “papa”．
Jane seemed to be angry a lot recently. Everyone said it was hormones (激素), but she was pretty sure it was because of unfairness. It had basically started when her parents decided to have another kid and when Jane was becoming smart and mature. Those grown­up qualities only brought her increased responsibility. Besides mountains of homework, she was dutiful for playing with and caring for little Carl sometimes. Jane loved Carl. She even bought him a toy cat. But his shining eyes didn't give any indication of understanding her upset.
As she walked home, Jane wondered what further unpleasantness would await. Did her parents remember today was her birthday? They had given no such clue at breakfast. Did she want another one of those birthday parties that were thrown for her when she was little? She'd enjoyed them at the time, but now that would only embarrass her. And considering previous festivals, she couldn't expect anything else from her parents.
Jane returned home and opened the front door. She saw the house looking deserted. Well, this suited her fine. Then, she stepped inside.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按下列格式作答。
Suddenly, her parents jumped out with the party hats, saying, “Surprise！” ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
“Jane！” said Carl, dragging his favorite toy cat. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________




第五单元测试
第一部分
答案：
1－5　CAAAB　6－10　BCCAB
11－15　BCAAB　16－20　BCBCA
听力材料：
Text 1
W: International Shipping, Elaine speaking. May I help you?
M: John Smith speaking. Could I speak to Bob Harris, please?
W: Hold on a moment please, Mr.Smith. I'll just put you through.
Text 2
M: The taxi driver must have been driving too fast.
W: I don't think so. His car crashed into the tree because he was trying to avoid a bicycle in front of him.
Text 3
M: I like your new coat. How much did it cost?
W: Its original price was $200 but at last I paid $160 for it.
Text 4
W: Has your sister bought her books yet?
M: She bought a medical book. The Chinese and English textbooks were sold out.
Text 5
M: How long have you been in pain?
W: For about a month.
M: Open your mouth, please. Mm, it's quite serious. I'm afraid we'll have to pull the tooth out.
Text 6
W: Hello, Dad!
M: Hello, Linda! How are you? Is there anything wrong?
W: Oh, no. I just want to call and see how you and Mom are. I haven't seen you for a long time.
M: Oh, we're both fine. Your mother has gone to the new shopping center.
W: Is she looking for a new dress?
M: No, for shoes this time. How's Bill?
W: He's fine. He likes his work and was given a pay raise last month by Mr. Davis. We were all pretty pleased with that.
M: And how are the children?
W: They've caught a cold, but it's nothing serious.
M: That's OK. Be sure to call again.
W: All right. Bye.
Text 7
M: Hey, Megan! Are you excited about the bike trip this Saturday?
W: Yes. But my bike has a flat tire.
M: Uh­oh! You can't ride with a flat tire.
W: I know. Don't worry. I'll fix it this week. By the way, what are you planning to take?
M: A camera. I want to take lots of pictures!
W: But I think we should also take our cellphones. We might need one if we get lost. And maybe we can take badminton rackets, my guitar...
M: Uh, Megan. It's a bike trip. Let's just ride our bikes. But don't forget your helmet!
Text 8
W: Can you tell me where the book ADreamofRedMansions is?
M: I'm sorry. It's lent out.
W: What a pity!
M: What about this one? It's a newly­published novel written by a young writer. The plot is moving and the language is easy. Young people all like to read it.
W: OK, I'll take it. By the way, how long can I keep it?
M: Three weeks. And you can borrow it again if you can't finish it in due time.
W: How long can I keep the novel for the second time?
M: The same, three weeks. But you can only borrow it twice within a year.
W: All right. Thank you very much.
Text 9
W: Good afternoon. Can I help you?
M: Yes, I want to rent a flat.
W: How much do you want to pay?
M: About two hundred dollars a month.
W: Well, I've got one here on the side of Kingston Road. It's exactly two hundred dollars a month.
M: That's fine. How big is it?
W: It has one bedroom, a kitchen and a bathroom.
M: I'm afraid it's not big enough. Besides, Kingston Road is in noisy downtown area. I'd prefer something a bit bigger if possible.
W: Yes, I think so. Here is a quiet and interesting one. It's beside the park with two bedrooms, a sitting room, a kitchen and a bathroom. But the rent is different. It's two hundred and fifty dollars each month.
M: Well, it is to my taste.
W：That's great.
Text 10
London's Chinese community dates back to the 18th century, when a small number of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in the dock area of Limehouse, east London. As time went on, Chinese people came to this area, mainly to open shops and cafes, and Limehouse began to be known as “Chinatown”. However, London's Chinese community remained very small for many years. At the start of the 20th century, there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.
This situation changed after World War Ⅱ.At that time, many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs, and decided to immigrate to London. As Limehouse had been destroyed during the war, these new immigrants lived in a different area—a part of central London near Leicester Square. This area is now what Londoners call Chinatown.
At first, the new settlers found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s, however, a small Chinese restaurant opened in central London. Many British people visited it and praised that Chinese food was wonderful! Suddenly, Chinese restaurants started opening in every part of the city. This raised a question: instead of too little work, the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much! They worked very long hours as cooks, managers or waiters. Most of the people enjoyed their lives and the chances they were offered. Many arranged for their friends and relatives to join them from overseas, and a lot of families were reunited at this time.
As time went by, London's Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters of the restaurant workers, encouraged by their parents, studied very hard at school and university, and most went on to get highly­paid jobs. As a result, a large number of Chinese families left Chinatown and moved to the more expensive places. Chinatown, however, is still as lively as ever.
第二部分
第一节
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个除演员以外的媒体行业的几个职位及工作内容和相关要求。
21．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“You will need to be qualified in computer programming languages. ”(你需要具备计算机编程语言的资格。)可知，想成为一名电子游戏开发者需要具备计算机编程语言的资格。故选A。
22．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“You will need a formal qualification in playwriting or screenwriting and also understand the creative and technical aspects of theatre such as acting, directing, drama history and literary criticism, lighting, scenery and even costume design.”(你需要剧本写作或荧屏写作的正式资格，还需要了解戏剧的创意和技术方面，如表演、导演、戏剧史和文学批评、灯光、布景甚至服装设计。)可知，要成为一名剧作家需要有戏剧方面的知识。故选C。
23．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段“There are various positions in the media—some known and some not so well­known.”(媒体上有各种各样的职位——有些为人所知，有些不太为人所知。)并结合全文可知，本文的主要目的是广告宣传一些媒体行业的工作职位。故选A。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对森林砍伐导致人类与动物栖息地之间的缓冲区的丧失，进而造成人畜共患疾病的传播。
24．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the three decades since Darah Lady's grandmother first arrived in this distant area of northern Brazil, clearing the forest by hand to build a house for her 14 children, the family has pushed deeper and deeper into the Amazon.(自从达拉·莱蒂的祖母第一次来到巴西北部这片遥远的地区，用手工清理森林，为她的14个孩子盖了一所房子，30年来，这家人已经越来越深入亚马逊)”可知，达拉·莱蒂一家已经在亚马逊生活了几十年。故选D项。
25．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“More global pandemics (流行病) are on the way, scientists say, and the next one is likely to crop up from a community like Darah Lady's, where people are taking up more and more space of the natural world and erasing the buffer zone (缓冲区) between themselves and habitats that existed long. (科学家们说，更多的全球性流行病正在发生，下一个可能会发生在像达拉·莱蒂这样的社区，那里的人们正在占用越来越多的自然世界空间，并抹去他们自己和长期存在的动物栖息地之间的缓冲区)”和第五段中“When 40% of a land area has been destroyed, according to Tom Gillespie, a university researcher, the region hits a sort of tipping point: Wild animals are pushed closer to humans for food, and viruses begin to spread.(根据大学研究员汤姆·吉莱斯皮的说法，当40%的土地面积被破坏时，该地区就达到了某种临界点：野生动物被推到离人类更近的地方觅食，病毒开始传播)”可推知，人类与动物栖息地之间的缓冲区的丧失是导致了人畜共患疾病传播的原因。故选A项。
26．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。结合第四段最后一句“Zoologists have found that a third of all known disease outbreaks around the world were due to rapid land use change.(动物学家发现，在全球已知的疾病爆发中，有三分之一是由于土地使用的快速变化引起)”和第五段“When 40% of a land area has been destroyed, according to Tom Gillespie, a university researcher, the region hits a sort of tipping point: Wild animals are pushed closer to humans for food, and viruses begin to spread.(根据大学研究员汤姆·吉莱斯皮的说法，当40%的土地面积被破坏时，该地区就达到了某种临界点：野生动物被推到离人类更近的地方觅食，病毒开始传播)”可知，第五段主要是对上文提出的疾病传播原因的进一步解释。故选C项。
27．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过达拉·莱蒂一家对亚马逊的开垦引入，说明人类对森林砍伐导致人类与动物栖息地之间的缓冲区的丧失，进而造成人畜共患疾病的传播。本文内容与环境有关，所以可能出自报纸中环境专栏。故选D项。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究者们正在研究的空中飞行器将进入我们的生活，并给我们带来很多便利。即使目前仍有一些问题需要解决，其未来是充满希望的。
28．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Batteries keep getting smaller. Materials to build the air vehicles are lighter than ever(电池越来越小。制造飞行器的材料比以往任何时候都轻)”和下文“These modernizations have enabled a greater focus on electric technology in flying over the past 15 years. (在过去的15年里，这些现代化使人们更加重视飞行中的电子技术。)”可知，现代化让电池越来越小，材料越来越轻，software(软件)也变得更先进，故画线词与advanced意思相近。故选B项。
29．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“As the new plane becomes more common, the result could be something as simple as cutting down travel time within urban and suburban areas, making it slightly easier to get to the airport or from the suburbs to downtown. But the planes could also help get rid of ‘transportation deserts，’ making it easier for a doctor to reach a patient in a rural area who has limited access to a hospital.(随着新型飞机变得越来越普遍，其结果可能会很简单，比如减少市区和郊区的旅行时间，让去机场或从郊区到市中心变得更容易一些。但这些飞机也可以帮助消除‘交通沙漠’，使医生更容易接触到农村地区就医受限的病人。)”可知，前文提到了新型费劲带来的便利，因此推断提到“transportation deserts”的消除是为了强调空中出租车的优势——带来便利。故选C项。
30．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But, according to Hackenberg of NASA, ‘About the future, it's not an if; it's a when.’(但是，根据美国宇航局的Hackenberg，‘关于未来，这不是一个是否的问题；这是一个时间的问题。’)”因此，Hackenberg认为空中飞行器的实践是充满希望的、有前途的，只是时间问题。故选A项。
31．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Aerospace engineers are working on air vehicles­that will be used to drop packages on your doorsteps, transport people and goods over shorter distances and could even give people the ability to call air taxis­to fundamentally change how we see the sky.(航空航天工程师正在研究一种飞行器，它将被用来把包裹扔到你的门口，在更短的距离内运送人和货物，甚至可以让人们有能力叫空中出租车，从而从根本上改变我们看待天空的方式。)”和第三段第一句“Maybe soon you will be walking down the street to a vertiport, where you'll catch an air taxi. (也许很快你就可以沿着街道走到一个垂直起降点，在那里你可以坐上一辆空中出租车。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究者们正在研究的空中飞行器将进入我们的生活，并给我们带来很多便利。C项“Ready for Air Taxis？( 准备好坐飞空中出租车了吗？)”可以概括全文，且吸引眼球，适合做本文标题。故选C项。
D
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于阿尔茨海默氏症和痴呆的一个新研究发现即消极的情绪和痛苦的情绪会导致认知功能和记忆明显下降。缓解的方法是通过心理训练——冥想，改善和提升状况。
32．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study subjects(实验对象)had their thinking patterns regularly monitored by responding to a series of questions over two of the four years. (在四年中的两年里，研究对象通过回答一系列问题来定期监测他们的思维模式。)”以及“The thought­pattern questionnaires were designed to identify repetitive negative thinking (RNT for short). (思维模式问卷旨在识别重复性消极思维(简称RNT)。)”可知，实验是通过回答一系列的问题来定期监测他们的思维模式，从而确定研究对象的RNT。故选B。
33．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段中“ It is well­documented that our thoughts have powerful, direct effects on our bodies, so these results aren't surprising.(有充分的证据表明，我们的思想对我们的身体有强大而直接的影响，所以这些结果并不令人惊讶。)”以及倒数第三段中“Thankfully, studies show that we can change our thought patterns through mental­training practices, with meditation(冥想)documented to be one of the very best.(值得庆幸的是，研究表明我们可以通过心理训练来改变我们的思维模式，而冥想被证明是最好的方法之一。)”可知，人类可以通过改变思维模式来影响RNT即RNT受思维模式的影响。故选B。
34．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Thankfully, studies show that we can change our thought patterns through mental­training practices, with meditation(冥想)documented to be one of the very best.(值得庆幸的是，研究表明我们可以通过心理训练来改变我们的思维模式，而冥想被证明是最好的方法之一。)”可知，对于RNT作者推荐使用冥想来缓解这种破坏性思维方式即进行的是心理训练。故选D。
35．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。以及第二段中“As someone who often got trapped in negative memories of the remote past, I can speak personally to the remarkable power of meditation to relieve this destructive thinking pattern, and I encourage everyone to explore this practice. (作为一个经常被困在遥远过去的消极记忆中的人，我可以亲自谈谈冥想在缓解这种破坏性思维模式方面的非凡力量，我鼓励每个人都去探索这种实践。)”可知，作者对于冥想这种心理练习是支持的。故选A。
第二节
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。拥有幽默感能使人们的生活变得更加快乐，文章介绍了几个可以提升幽默感的方法，大家可以一试。
36．答案与解析：D　根据上一句“For some of us, this comes naturally.”(对我们中的一些人来说，这是自然而然的。)，选项D. For others, we might have to work a little to unlock it.(对于其他人来说，我们可能需要花点功夫才能解开它。)中的“For others”与上一句的“For some of us”相对应，句意也衔接合理；下一句“If you want some tips to improve your sense of humor, try these out：”(如果你想要一些方法来提高你的幽默感，试试这些：)也能够承接选项D句意，符合语境。故选D。
37．答案与解析：E　根据第二段段落主题句“Appreciate more stand­up comedies.”(多看一些单口喜剧。)可知，本段主要建议人们要多看喜剧来提升幽默感，选项E. To increase your sense of humor, watch more comedies.(为了增加你的幽默感，多看喜剧。)与主题意思相符；下一句“If you don't know where to start, look for something to your taste or start with something popular.”(如果你不知道从哪里开始，找一些符合你口味的东西，或者从流行的东西开始。)句意可以承接选项E，进一步给出了多看喜剧的具体做法。故选E。
38．答案与解析：B　空处为段落主题句，根据第二、四、五段可知，应为祈使句，故答案选自A或B；根据本段中“If you really want to develop your humor, then try to take something ordinary and make a joke out of it. ”(如果你真的想提高自己的幽默感，那就试着找一些平常的事情来开个玩笑。)和“You will find out that almost everything you see in daily life has a funny side.”(你会发现几乎你在日常生活中看到的每件事都有有趣的一面。)及段落内容可知，本段主要是鼓励人们试着去发现事物有趣的一面，与选项B. Try to see the funny side of things.(试着看到事情有趣的一面。)意思相符。故选B。
39．答案与解析：C　根据上一句“Try searching for stuff that you like and add funny jokes to the end of your search.”(试着搜索你喜欢的东西，并在搜索的最后添加有趣的笑话。)可知，选项C. You will find millions of things to make people laugh.(你会发现无数让人发笑的事情。)句意与其有连续性，承接上文，语意合理。故选C。
40．答案与解析：G　根据最后一段“Making fun of someone for things they can't change can come off as mean.”(因为别人无法改变的事情取笑他们会显得刻薄。)和“The person who is the target of the joke can grow really embarrassed and it can turn their mood off.”(被取笑的人会变得非常尴尬，会让他们心情不好。)可知，拿一些别人无法改变的事情开玩笑是很刻薄的，会让人不高兴，选项G. Instead, make jokes about something they can easily change about themselves.(相反，开一些他们自己很容易改变的事情的玩笑。)提出正确的做法应该是拿一些别人很容易改变的事开玩笑，与上文衔接合理，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分
第一节
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sylvia以自我为中心，感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，其它人只是坐享其成，她很生气。但在心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因帮助下，她开始调整心态，并主动支持队友的优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作。
41．答案与解析：C　考查名词义辨析。句意：然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平。A. idea想法；B. job工作；C. praise表扬，赞美；D. skill技巧。根据上文“I'm always the one doing all the work”和句中“And then the team gets”可推知，Sylvia抱怨说自己一个人完成所有工作，但团队得到表扬。故选C项。
42．答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平。A. bad坏的；B. enough充足的；C. smooth光滑的；D. fair公平的。根据上文“I'm always the one doing all the work”和“And then the team gets the __41__ even the people who don't do anything.”可知，Sylvia感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，其他人坐享其成，跟着受表扬，所以这不公平。故选D项。
43．答案与解析：A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因告诉她，有一些东西导致了这种感觉：自我中心。A. results in导致；B. gets over克服；C. wipes out消灭；D. adds to加入。根据句中“British psychologist Melanie Klein”可推知，心理学家在帮助Sylvia分析原因，寻找是什么导致了她有这种感受。故选A项。
44．答案与解析：C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：用一种不那么以自我为中心的方式来看待这段经历可以帮助你更容易地管理它。A. carefully小心地，仔细地；B. bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；C. easily容易地；D. personally就个人而言。根据句中“Looking at the experience in a less self­centered way can help you”可知，心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因提出了专业的建议，让她更容易管理自己的感受。故选C项。
45．答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该做的是退一步，从一个更广阔的角度看问题，一个我们不是中心的角度。A. safer更安全；B. funnier更有趣的；C. stranger更奇怪的；D. wider宽的，广阔的。根据上文可知，心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因指出Sylvia产生那些想法的原因是“self­centeredness”，即“以自我为中心”；心理学家提出新的看问题的方式“angle, one in which we are not at the center”，即“一个不以我们为中心的角度”，与之前“以自我为中心”相比较而言，这一角度不狭隘，是一种更为广阔的角度。故选D项。
46．答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，你可能认为你已经这样做了，并为从未不友善或伤害别人而自豪。A. controlling控制；B. hurting伤害；C. refusing拒绝；D. helping帮助。根据句中“unkind”可知，此处指对人不友好或伤害别人。故选B项。
47．答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Sylvia从自我中心中走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻，缺乏经验。A. stress精神压力；B. fight与……作斗争；C. center中心；D. anger愤怒。根据最后一段“Taking yourself out of the spotlight (聚光灯) isn't always easy.”可知，此处指Sylvia从以自我为中心走出来后，对队友有了新的发现，能够理解他们的行为了。故选C项。
48．答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Sylvia从愤怒中走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻，缺乏经验。A. young年轻的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. daring勇于冒险的；D. brilliant巧妙的。根据句中“inexperienced”可推辞，她的一些队友年轻，缺乏经验。故选A项。
49．答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们担心自己不够好，无法承担一些任务。A. group聚集；B. obtain得到；C. list列清单；D. shoulder承担。根据上文“inexperienced”和句中“they were afraid they wouldn't be good enough”可知，Sylvia的队友因年轻且缺乏经验，担心自己不够好，无法承担任务。故选D项。
50．答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来支持他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。A. test测验；B. support支持；C. ignore忽视；D. reject拒绝。根据下文“and at the same time to help them ”推知，Sylvia支持同事的优势。故选B项。
51．答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来测试他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。A. work工作；B. research工作；C. exercises练习题；D. sports运动。根据句中“their strengths”和“they could be good at”可知，发现队友的优势后，会帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。故选A项。
52．答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到提高，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成为了团队领导。A. mattered要紧；B. improved提高；C. failed失败；D. changed改变。根据上文可知，Sylvia不再生气和抱怨，开始帮助队友找到优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作，所以团队的项目得到提高。故选B项。
53．答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到提高，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成为了团队领导。A. punished惩罚；B. imitated模仿；C. promoted升职，晋升；D. persuaded说服。根据句中“made a team leader”可知，Sylvia晋升了。故选C项。
54．答案与解析：D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。A. Therefore因此；B. Meanwhile与此同时；C. Instead反而；D. However然而。上文“Taking yourself out of the spotlight (聚光灯) isn't always easy”说远离聚光灯，不再以自我为中心并不容易，下文“it is a great way”说它的好处，上下文之间是转折关系。故选D项。
55．答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. shocked吃惊的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day.”可知，Sylvia之前以自我为中心，所以生团队的气，但现在她不再以自我为中心，远离了“聚光灯”，这会让她不那么生气恼怒。故选A项。
第二节
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了贵州著名景点梵净山。
56．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：四月初，梵净山脚下鲜花盛开，皑皑白雪还贴在山顶上。分析句子，句中at the foot of为固定短语，意为“在……脚下”。故填the。
57．答案与解析：Its　考查代词。句意：梵净山位于中国西南部贵州省铜仁市东北部，其绿色和新鲜的植被是梵净山的主要特征。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词its作定语。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Its。
58．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。句意：梵净山位于中国西南部贵州省铜仁市东北部，其绿色和新鲜的植被是梵净山的主要特征。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句。引导词在从句中作主语，修饰前文的先行词Fanjingshan，为物。故填which。
59．答案与解析：types　考查名词。句意：这里有40多种不同类型的森林以及濒危动物。设空处type为名词，意为“种类”，此处表示复数，使用名词作主语。故填types。
60．答案与解析：was recognized　考查动词。句意：1986年被联合国教科文组织认定为生物圈保护区。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中be recognized as为固定短语，意为“被认为，被视为”，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was recognized。
61．答案与解析：of　考查介词。句意：该保护区占地超过7.75万公顷，于2018年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。分析句子，句中an area of为固定短语，意为“一个……的区域”。故填of。
62．答案与解析：effectively　考查副词。句意：为了更有效地保护生物活动，梵净山政府已经建立了观测站，并投入了监测设备。分析句子，设空处使用effective的副词effectively作状语，意为“有效地”。故填effectively。
63．答案与解析：monitoring　考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中has set up为谓语动词，设空处为非谓语，修饰equipment。故填monitoring。
64．答案与解析：national　考查形容词。句意：专家表示，梵净山申请成为国家公园的优势在于，它是贵州金丝猴和梵净山冷杉唯一的自然栖息地，这两种物种都被国际自然保护联盟列为濒危物种。分析句子，设空处使用nation的形容词national作定语，意为“国家的”。故填national。
65．答案与解析：threatened　考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用threaten的形容词threatened作定语，意为“濒危的”。故填threatened。
第四部分
第一节
参考范文：
DearJim，
I'm Li Hua. Next month our school will hold long­distance run. Now I'll introduce some information about it for you.
The activity will be held in our campus on May 6th, during which first our headmaster will deliver a speech, telling us the benefits of the activity and encouraging us students to do more sports to keep healthy. Then we'll prepare for the long run, such as doing some warming­up, drinking some water etc. Next the long run will start. As for suggestions for better running, it's best to approach it gradually in order to avoid overuse injuries. You know, running longer distances takes time and patience, so you should check your pace on your runs in case you run too fast.
We would be very glad if you could attend the activity. Looking forward to your joining us.
Yours，
LiHua
第二节
参考范文：
Suddenly, herparentsjumpedoutwiththepartyhats, saying, “Surprise！”Jane stood there in shock for a few seconds before a smile broke out on her face. They had remembered her birthday after all. The room was decorated with balloons and streamers, and there was a big cake in the center of the table. Her parents explained that they had been planning the surprise party for weeks, and Carl had been in on it too. They had kept it a secret so that they could surprise her. They even had a present for her—a book on marine biology, something she had been wanting for months. She couldn't wait to dive into it.
“Jane！”saidCarl, dragginghisfavoritetoycat. Jane turned to him and scooped him up in her arms. She hugged him tightly, grateful for his innocent love. She realized that the responsibilities of being a big sister were not always easy, but they were worth it for moments like this. Carl looked up at her with a toothless grin, and she knew that he was just happy to be with her.