2024届高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册UNIT1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT课时作业含答案

这是一份2024届高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册UNIT1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT课时作业含答案，共8页。

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT


　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022届福建省福清西山学校高三上学期10月考)
Female Scientists Who Have
Changed the World
There are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history.
Tiera Guinn
This 21-year-old scientist hasn’t yet graduated from college, but Tiera Guinn’s already doing rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院) senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She’s an aerospace major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US.
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.
Jane Goodall
The most famous primate(灵长目动物) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn’t just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat.
Rachel Carson
In the 1960s, one environmental scientist’s voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy:Rachel Carson’s. Her article, Silent Spring, warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation’s environmental history .
1.What is Tiera Guinn’s achievement?
A.She entered the best university of the world.
B.She has been learning the newest rocket science.
C.She has helped build a big and powerful rocket.
D.She is a top student employed by a famous company.
2.What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history?
A.She was the first woman with the advanced education.
B.She was a pioneer of the women’s health in the US and the UK.
C.She founded the first women’s school in the United Kingdom.
D.She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen.
3.Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement?
A.Tiera Guinn. B.Jane Goodall.
C.Rachel Carson. D.Elizabeth Blackwell.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Tiera Guinn的成就是帮助建造了一枚美国有史以来最大、最强有力的火箭。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知,Elizabeth Blackwell 1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性,后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。
3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,Jane Goodall是历史上最著名的灵长目动物科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。
B
(贵州省黔南州罗甸县2022届高三下学期模拟)When I was in eighth grade, my English teacher Joan announced that we were going to learn about prepositional phrases. “There are over forty commonly used prepositions,” she continued. “And everyone must memorize them.” Joan recited these prepositions as easily as saying the days of the week. She said you would find grammar easy when you memorized them. I tried my best and finally succeeded. Then, grammar became easier, just as Joan had promised.
In addition to singing the prepositions, she shared other useful language points. I still remembered her catchy phrase:“Good better best, never let it rest, until your good is better, and your better is best.”
After high school, I went to college, majoring in — my parents couldn’t believe it — English! In a creative writing class in my junior year, I recited the prepositions for my professor and classmates. I explained how my eighth grade teacher, Joan, had often said that a strategically placed prepositional phrase could add depth and variety to sentences. Impressed, my professor asked for a copy of Joan’s list and other tricks of the trade that I remembered.
After graduating from college, I landed a job teaching eighth grade English. I tried best the way Joan had to make grammar easy. I started the unit with prepositions coming first. Memorization was the important part. Before long, the students were singing the prepositions to their favourite tunes. One year, since it was near Christmas, we all sang the prepositions to “Jingle Bells”.
I also required students to recite the prepositions in ten seconds or less. If you thought that was impossible, then you didn’t know eighth graders. They welcomed any trouble, and with no homework as a motivator, they got right down to business. I pulled out a stopwatch and timed the students daily to judge their progress; 21, 16, 12, then bingo, 10 seconds!
I taught eighth grade English for thirty-eight years. Looking back, teaching English was a tough but worthwhile job, and I loved it every day.
4.Why were Joan’s students asked to memorize prepositions?
A.Joan wanted them to overcome their weak points.
B.Joan thought this benefits their grammar learning.
C.Memory exercises are a quick way to learn English.
D.Prepositions are a hot part to be examined in exams.
5.When the author became a teacher, he 　　　　. 
A.often asked Joan for advice about English teaching
B.created some ways of teaching suitable for students
C.got to understand the difficulty in teaching prepositions
D.valued preposition memorization like Joan did
6.What can be inferred about the author’s students from Paragraph 5?
A.They joined colorful after-class activities.
B.They tried their best to avoid their homework.
C.They sometimes failed to follow the author’s instructions.
D.They made gradual progress in remembering the prepositions.
7.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A.An Influential Teacher
B.Ways to Learn English Grammar
C.My Major in College
D.My Job
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的英语老师Joan教语法的独特方法对其的影响。
4.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She said you would find grammar easy when you memorized them.”可知,Joan 让学生记介词短语的原因是这对学习英语语法有好处。
5.D　细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“I started the unit with prepositions coming first. Memorization was the important part.”可知,作者也是和其英语老师Joan一样重视介词的记忆的。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I pulled out a stopwatch and timed the students daily to judge their progress; 21, 16, 12, then bingo, 10 seconds!”可知,学生在记忆时间上不断缩短,由此可见他们取得了不断的进步。
7.A　标题归纳题。通览全文内容可知,本文重点讲述了作者的英语老师Joan独特的教学方法及其对作者深远的影响。
C
(2022届汕尾市陆河县陆河中学高三上学期第二次模拟)Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph W.Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. 
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioural Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he travelled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
8.Who are most probably interested in Ralph W.Tyler’s memoir?
A.Top managers.
B.Language learners.
C.Serious educators.
D.Science organizations.
9.What does the underlined phrase “hooked on teaching” mean?
A.Attracted to teaching.
B.Tired of teaching.
C.Satisfied with teaching.
D.Unhappy about teaching.
10.Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?
A.The University of Chicago.
B.Stanford University.
C.Ohio State University.
D.Nebraska University.
11.Why did Tyler travel across the country in his 80s?
A.To set objectives.
B.To offer teachers and management people advice.
C.To develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
D.To serve on a long list of educational organizations.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国教育家Ralph W. Tyler一生从事教育教学研究工作,直至晚年仍不断为教育事业奔走服务,贡献力量。
8.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,关心学校和大学教育的人会对Ralph W. Tyler的回忆录感兴趣。故选C项。
9.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“…Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.”可知,他转行是因为被教育行业吸引。故选A项。 
10.B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioural Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years.”可知,Tyler是在斯坦福大学研究中心做领导超过十年。故选B项。
11.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,他在八十多岁时穿越整个国家去旅行是为了建议老师和管理者如何建立在学校内发展最佳的教与学这样的目标。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.One reason was:“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read:“　1　” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition. 
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 　2　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. 
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 　3　 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. 
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.It also listed her favourite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 　4　 
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 　5　 Over time both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. 
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favourite sport?
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
1.C　根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner’.One reason was: ‘You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym’”可知,这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“You’ll…if”的结构,根据句式一致的原则,可优先看C项。再根据句意,C项正是另一个理由,所以C 项“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.”符合上下文语境。故选C项。
2.D　根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person.”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?”可确定,空格处应该是一个类似结构的问句,可确定答案在D或E中。根据内容,空格处应该填写反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以D项“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favourite sport? ”符合上下文语境。故选D项。
3.B　根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response.”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.”可知,选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的,或者离得比较近。所以B项“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.”符合上下文语境。故选B项。
4.G　根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.It also listed her favourite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.”可知,本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例,说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以G项“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.”中的notice以及“such information”符合上下文语境。故选G项。
5.F　根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.”可知,“different skills”和“both of you will benefit”暗示要学会求同存异,一起合作,共同提高。所以F项“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.”符合上下文语境。故选F项。