2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题，共11页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

华东师大二附中2022学年第二学期期末考试试卷
高二英语
（考试时间：120分钟满分：140分）
Ⅰ. Listening comprehension 20%
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Some music cassettes. B. Some school supplies.
C. Something to drink. D. Something to eat.
2. A. She believes there will be a traffic jam. B. She doesn’t know when they will go.
C. She won’t be ready at 8 o’clock. D. She wants the man to go first.
3. A. Sit sown. B. Remain standing.
C. Go ahead of the woman. D. Pick up the chair.
4. A. The electrician came to repair the lamp. B. The lamp was taken to the repair shop.
C. She had Mike fix the lamp. D. The lamp was replaced.
5. A. Use tape for the poster. B. Not hang up the poster.
C. Remove the wallpaper. D. Not hide the damage.
6. A. Chemistry 402 was worse than Chemistry 502.
B. The man has only had one chemistry course.
C. Both chemistry courses are difficult.
D. Few chemistry courses are hard.
7. A. He can’t go this weekend. B. He has a hole in his bathing suit.
C. They shouldn’t spend much money. D. They should stay at the beach longer.
8. A. Move his alarm clock. B. Turn the alarm off.
C. Go to bed earlier. D. Live on a farm.
9. A. His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.
B. He hasn’t cleaned the apartment since his mother left.
C. His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.
D. He hasn’t had time to find another apartment.
10. A. Making a pot of coffee. B. Trying different brands of coffee.
C. Drinking less coffee. D. Getting a different coffeepot.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To inform visitors of the park’s history.
B. To show visitors remote places in the park.
C. To teach visitors how best to photograph wildlife.
D. To provide an overview of the park’s main attractions.
12. A. It’s easy to get lost. B. It’s a good group activity.
C. It requires enormous strength. D. People shouldn’t do it in the winter.
13. A. There are fewer tourists. B. The entrance fees are lower.
C. The animals are more active. D. There are fewer mosquitoes.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Why people laugh. B. What good laughter does.
C. How laughter can be collected. D. Who introduced World Laughter Day.
15. A. Social behaviour. B. Something funny.
C. Stress and loneliness. D. The understanding of self.
16. A. People don’t laugh while alone.
B. People like to ask someone else to laugh.
C. People are willing to laugh when asked to.
D. People will fake a laugh while with a stranger.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. One of his classes finished early.
B. He wanted to get some studying done.
C. The books he had borrowed were ten days overdue.
D. The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.
18. A. He checked them out. B. He took notes on them.
C. He returned them to the shelves. D. He put them in his book bag.
19. A. They are marked with colored labels. B. They are specially coded.
C. They are checked out. D. They are inspected by the guard.
20. A. The librarian checks all books for missing pages.
B. The librarian helps students use the card catalogue.
C. The librarian copies down the name of each borrower.
D. The librarian demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage, coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank.Scientists were deeply concerned about what was happening. Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was first discovered in the winter of 1994 21 29 bald eagle carcasses were found near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservoir in Arkansas. Two years later, at least 70 eagles had died across several Arkansas reservoirs. By 1998, conditions continued to deteriorate as dead birds of different species including American coots, mallards and ring-necked ducks were confirmed at ten sites across six states. All of the documented cases of this 22 (emerge) disease occurred on or near manmade water reservoirs with abundant aquatic vegetation.
But what particularly puzzled scientists was 23 these birds behaved before they died. The birds were observed suddenly flying straight 24 stationary objects (rock walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drooped. For many years, scientists from state and federal agencies tried to figure out what was killing the birds and the testing of sediment and dead birds at affected water reservoirs for xenobiotic compounds that cause AVM 25 (reveal) nothing. Necropsies of the birds’ brains showed widespread vacuolation of white matter of the central nervous system and spinal cord which explained their uncoordinated behaviour.
Early studies suggested that an unknown, season al and environmental neurotoxin 26 be responsible. Recently, a paper published in the journal Science has pinpointed the exact neurotoxin responsible for the death of those bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series of events that leads to AVM. It’s a fatal three-part process that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the environment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, also called waterthyme, first introduced to the United States in the 1950’s 27 an aquarium plant. The plant is home to cyanobacteria called Aetokthonos hydrillicola which colonize up to 95% of the plant leaves. The cyanobacteria aren’t 28 deadly to waterbirds but when they 29 (expose) to the chemical bromide in the environment, they produce a dangerous neurotoxin called aetokthonotoxin which causes AVM in birds.
Previous field and laboratory studies have also demonstrated that AVM in herbivorous waterbirds due to the ingestion of H. verticillata can be transferred up the food chain to birds of prey which consume the 30 (affect) waterfowl. AVM thus presents a threat to multiple avian species. Furthermore, feeding trials have also confirmed neuropathy and mortality in a wide range of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This work highlights the role of cyanobacteria as potentially dangerous toxin producers and further research into how the toxin effects human health via the consumption of fish and waterbirds from these contaminated reservoirs is urgently required.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. memorable B. maiden C. comparable D. delivery
E. basis F. departed G. authorized H. economy
I. entitled J. terrific K. quoted
The C919 passenger jet is welcomed with a conventional water salute at the Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday.
China’s first self-developed narrow-body jet, the C919, successfully completed its 31 commercial flight on Sunday, ushering in a new era of aviation that utilizes domestically manufactured aircraft, industry experts said.
Some 130 passengers traveled on China Eastern Airlines flight MU 9191, which 32 Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 10:32 am. The plane landed at Beijing Capital International Airport at 12:31 pm, and was welcomed with a traditional water salute.
“Sitting in the China-made passenger aircraft C919, I felt extremely excited and proud,” Zhang Keli, a passenger from Beihang University in Beijing, said when she shared her 33 experience with People’s Daily.
“Both the take-off and landing were as smooth as wide-body aircraft, and the whole flying process is 34 . The cabin is quieter than traditional narrow-body jets,” Zhang said.
Wu Guanghui, head designer of the C919 and chief scientist at Commercial Aircraft Corp of China, said the commercial flight was the fulfillment of a dream. “COMAC will work on 35 of more jets to our clients to ensure more people can take our homegrow n aircraft,” he was 36 as saying by Beijing News.
The C919 flight on Sunday had a configuration of 164 seats, including eight in business class and 156 in 37 class.
Lin Zhijie, an aviation industry analyst, said the C919 is offering a new option in the global aircraft market. “The jet is 38 to the Airbus A320 and the Boeing B737 series and is expected to break the duopoly of Boeing and Airbus, which will help promote benign competition and the healthy development of the world’s civil aviation market,” Lin said.
The first C919 aircraft was delivered to China Eastern Airlines in Shanghai on Dec 9,2022, by its manufacturer. The C919 made its first experimental flight in 2017.
Before the jet’s debut commercial flight, China Eastern Airlines completed all test flights, passenger operations’ verifications and other preparatory work required before commencing commercial operations, the airline said.
The Civil Aviation Administration of China, which 39 and inspected all the results of the tests and verification procedures, confirmed that China Eastern was capable of operating C919 aircraft safely, and approved commercial operation of the jet.
The aircraft flew back to Shanghai from Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday afternoon.
The first C919 aircraft will be put into commercial operation on a regular 40 between Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Chengdu Tianfu International Airport in Sichuan province. With the delivery of more C919 aircraft, the carrier plans to gradually expand its commercial services to more Chinese cities.
A second C919 jet is scheduled to be delivered in mid-June. China Eastern will receive a total of three C919 aircraft over the next two years, according to Xinhua News Agency.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit s the context.
Jealousy is a motive of immense power. Although you are often 41 aware of being jealous or envious of someone, sometimes the actual reasons for the envy are buried in your unconsciousness and hidden by rationalizations. 42 , what you really value in life is more often revealed by asking yourself who you are jealous of rather than asking yourself directly “what do I value.” The 43 often takes into account what society expects you to value and you are aware only of what you should want 44 what you really want. Envy and jealousy, on the other hand, kick in as a gut reaction (直觉反应) in your emotional system long 45 you become conscious of it.
Introspection (反省) which can help one achieve a deeper understanding of emotions is unfashionable in contemporary psychology largely due to the lasting effects of behaviorism. 46 this view, we will argue that introspection can be a valuable source of insights into the internal logic and evolutionary underlying principle of certain complex emotions like envy. Of course, 47 can be rightfully raised against the purely subjective exercise of introspection, which is why it is essential to eventually test these assumptions by using a rigorous scientific approach. But 48 one can have fun speculating (沉思) on possibilities of finding why.
What 49 jealousy, beyond the obvious of someone who is better off? And can the function al logic of the causes be explained in evolutionary terms; i.e., what might be their 50 value? Through introspecting on 51 and through informally surveying friends, students, colleagues, etc., we are trying to come up with a reasonable evolutionary scenario (设想).
Let’s think about envy, too. The whole purpose of envy is to 52 you to act either by independently trying harder(envy) or by coveting(贪求) and stealing what the other has (jealousy). This is why jealousy has a (n) 53 component, but envy is more positive sometimes even being associated with admiration.
In this book, we can show that there is often an evolutionary hidden 54 that drives this human psychological tendency, and makes it comprehensible. Evolution has 55 into you an emotion (jealousy) that is caused by certain very specific “releasers” or social cues, which is largely insensitive to what the other person’s final state of happiness is.
41. A. obviously B. actively C. consciously D. hardly
42. A. Importantly B. Generally C. Certainly D. Ironically
43. A. former B. latter C. above D. below
5/1244. A. other than B. less than C. more than D. rather than
45. A. before B. after C. until D. unless
46. A. Compared to B. In response to C. In line with D. Contrary to
47. A. agreements B. arguments C. doubts D. objections
48. A. luckily B. fortunately C. meanwhile D. finally
49. A. agrees with B. lies in C. results in D. comes from
50. A. emotion B. survival C. moral D. compulsory
51. A. others B. ourselves C. parents D. superiors
52. A. forbid B. force C. motivate D. bother53. A. beneficial B. aggressive C. promising D. active
54. A. hint B. enemy C. regulation D. agenda
55. A: programmed B. created C. constructed D. migrated
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as a person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential.
Through my journey in college, I became a keen reader and writer, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the toxic (有毒的) environments I’d been confined to. I started studying feminism and restorative justice. One concept that really hit home for me was toxic masculinity (男子气概). I come from an abusive home and a neighborhood consumed by gangs, drugs and gun violence. I wanted to understand better why I had used violence to solve my problems.
I have found, however, that strangers stand between me and many of the books I want to read.
Books, like everything an imprisoned person receives— personal mail, emails, photos, news and education materials — are evaluated by prison officials and rejected or shared with us. Corrections departments typically claim they ban books that contain sexual content, racial hatred or depictions of violence, criminal activity, anti-authority attitudes or escape. In practice, PEN America wrote in a 2019 report on prison book restriction policies, the restrictions “have been wide-ranging, from perverse to absurd to constitutionally troubling, with bans being applied in ways that are against logic.”
In Texas, books by Alice Walker, Pablo Neruda and even the former senator Bob Dole have been banned. Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried to ban books about biology (too much nakedness in the anatomical drawings), the Holocaust (some of the victims were pictured naked), sketching, dragons and even the moon (it could “present risks of escape,” according to one New York prison). At one point, Colorado prison officials blocked a prisoner from reading two of President Barack Obama’s memoirs because they were “potentially harmful to national security,” although they later reversed that decision.
Claiming such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems ridiculous. If anything, many banned books could contribute to a safer environment in prisons and in the societies imprisoned individuals are released into. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison, from Don Miguel Ruiz to Angela Y. Davis, has played a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person— someone who can live in society by adding to it, as opposed to taking from it.
Without college and without access to books and materials that expanded my mind beyond the razor wire (钢丝网) and towering concrete walls, I might still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be dictated by toxic masculinity and the violence and harm that surround it. That’s not who I want to be when I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see sent back into society.
56. Why did the author turn to violence when he was young?A. Because his parents and neighbours told him to do so.
B. Because he had read a lot of books about hatred and violence.
C. Because he had been bullied a lot by peers during his childhood.
D. Because the environment where he grew up was filled with violence.
57. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason why prisons try to ban some books?
A. Some books may post threats to national security.
B. Some books may lead to extreme religious behaviour.
C. Some pictures may contain sexually inappropriate content.
D. Some books may potentially encourage prisoners to escape.
58. According to the author, what benefits can reading books offer in prisons?
①to broaden the prisoners’ horizon
②to prevent prisoners from escaping
③to encourage prisoners to contribute to society
④to reduce violent behaviour
A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④
59. What does the author most want to express through the article?
A. Reading books is important for a teenager’s growth.
B. Toxic masculinity is harmful to a person’s growth.
C. It is unreasonable for authorities to restrict reading for prisoners.
D. It’s never too late to realize one’s academic potential even in prison.
(B)
The Rise of the 0.5 Selfie
Julia Herzig, a 22-year-old from Larchmont, N.Y., has “an obsession.” It’s with taking a new kind of selfie—one that doesn’t exactly look normal.
In some of these selfies, Ms. Herzig’s forehead bulges across half of the frame. Her eyes are half disks, peering up at something beyond the camera. Her nose juts out. Her mouth is invisible. These images are best when they build “weird, creepy atmospheres,” she said.
Wherever Gen Z gathers these days, a 0.5 selfie is almost bound to be taken. The 0.5 selfies are showing up on Instagram, spreading in group chats, becoming the talk of parties and often being snapped to record the trivial details of daily life.
Unlike a traditional selfie, which people can endlessly prepare and pose for, the 0.5 selfie—so named because users tap 0.5x on a smartphone camera to switch to ultra-wide mode—has become popular because it is far from pre-designed. Since the ultra-wide-angle lens is built into the back cameras of phones, people can’t watch themselves take a 0.5 selfie, creating random images that convey the fanciful ideas of distortion (歪曲).
Because of the wide angle, subjects closer to a lens seem larger, while those farther away seem smaller. That shift twists subjects in a way that is welcome in, for example, architectural photography but traditionally discouraged in portraiture.
“Wide angle for portrait shoots was always really different because it just made it more distorted,” said Alessandro Uribe-Rheinbolt, 23, a Colombian photographer based in Detroit.
Mr. Uribe-Rheinbolt said he had recently brought the wide angle from his portrait work —where clients have asked for the look of a 0.5 selfie — to his personal life, using it to capture his friends, his outfits and his daily routine.
“It does give it a more casual look,” he said. “There’s a lot more creativity with the way you angle and the way that you put it closer.”
An unedited 0.5 selfie is more organically playful than a front-facing selfie. Posting the selfies on Instagram, where limbs are noodly or eyes are buggy, is meant to be silly, making it seem like the photographers take themselves— and social media—less seriously.
“Something about it breaks the fourth wall because you’re acknowledging that you’re taking a picture for the sake of taking a picture,” said Hannah Kaplon, 22, from Sacramento. “It’s trying to make Instagram casual again.”
60. Which of the following photos CANNOT be counted as 0.5 selfie?
A. B. C. D.
61. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about 0.5 selfie?
A. The invention of ultra-wide-angle lens gave birth to 0.5 selfie.
B. The way 0.5 selfies are taken is unpopular in architectural photography
C. People can take some time to prepare and pose for 0.5 selfie in advance.
D. It is impossible for photographers to include everyone present in a 0.5 selfie.
62. What does the underlined “breaks the fourth wall” probably mean in the last paragraph?
A. is mistakenly against the rules of taking pictures.
B. makes it difficult to please the viewers deliberately
C. shows casualness without caring too much about purpose
D. seeks creativity by completely ignoring common knowledge
(C)
When to trust your gut(直觉)
Humans have been practicing over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors spotted movement in the wild forest, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the capacity to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals. The question of when to trust your gut and when to test your assumptions—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneran, a psychologist—matters in the office as much as it does in the flat grassland.
Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic maintenance and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to rule out instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, deliberation beats instinct.Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently less tractable to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the essence of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In tricky customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.
Gut instincts can also be improved (call it “probiotic management”). Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more accurate with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is nothing but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to prioritise, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.
When to use intuition in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision-maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to hesitation.
63. Which of the following situations may NOT be suitable for people to trust their gut?
A. The market responses are hard to predict.
B. The working mechanism is perfectly organized.
C. The time window for making decision is limited.
D. The relationship with customers is somewhat complex.
64. What’s the function of the second paragraph?
A. To clearly state the main idea of the article
B. To critically include the other side of viewpoint.
C. To introduce examples to support the main idea.
D. To support the main idea from the opposite perspective
65. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?
A. The ability to trust your gut matters more nowadays.
B. Gut instincts can be improved by owning designer products.
C. Gut instincts are more advisable in screening job applicants.
D. Experience plays a vital role in cultivating gut instincts.
66. Which of the following might be the best sub-title of the passage?
A. Deliberation is not always the best option.
B. Instinctive decision-making beats all.
C. Instinctive decision-making has both pro s and cons.
D. Deliberation is more important than gut instincts.
Section CDirections: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A: That means a service worker can often be the person in the line of fire.
B: When things are slightly off, or don’t happen the way we expect, it causes natural anxiety.
C: Even though you’re upset, you’re acknowledging—and reminding yourself—that they’re a human, and they have feelings.
D: But outbursts at service workers specifically don’t generally happen just because that person is simply in front of you.
E: Research from the Institute of Customer Service has shown more than half of customer-facing employees report increased incidences of abuse since the start of the pandemic
F: Even though we shouldn’t look at one occupation being higher in terms of a hierarchy (等级制度)than another, you naturally can fall into that trap and assume that you’re superior.
Why People Treat Service Workers Poorly
Whether we’re willing to admit it, most people have treated a service worker poorly, at least to some degree. We’ve said things we regret to a customer-service representative, a flight attendant, a cashier or barista, usually sparked by something not that person’s fault, or not in their control. Though people have always taken out frustrations on service workers, data shows these acts have been on rise in the past few years. 67
Generally, humans are generally pretty inflexible. Therefore, when routines get altered, this can upset people and trigger agitation(焦躁不安).“ 68 ”says Reena B Patel, a San Diego-based psychologist and behaviour analyst.
A long queue at the coffee shop, for instance, might have a domino effect, threatening to throw off the rest of the day’s schedule. It may seem like no big deal, “and people may not realise that’s what they’re stressed about”, says Patel.“But internally, that’s what’s happening. You walk into a restaurant for breakfast thinking you’ll get seated in 15 minutes and instead you’re waiting 45. Now, your whole routine is shifting, and the stress is building up.”
That undercurrent of stress has a tendency to boil over during ordinary tasks, like grabbing coffee or a meal, she adds—even for generally composed, mild-mannered people. 69 Suddenly, you’re snapping at a waitress who’s just trying to serve you some pancakes.
This is because people who aren’t in service positions can feel superior to people who are, and it’s much easier to punch down. “ 70 ”explains Patel.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
More than half a year ago, my factory was bought by a large corporation and the majority of the managers lost their jobs, including me. That was the time I decided to do something I’d always wanted to do—become a freelance writer. Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.
I work just as much as I did before—between 46 and 51 hours a week—but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. As a manager, I worked from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 3 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last December, I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result, I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. I’ve also started to eat healthier foods. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.
Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don’t feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don’t have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there’s enough money until the next check arrives.
All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn’t mean I’ll never want to have a “regular” job. But for me, at least, it suits me.
71___________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Spelling (3%)
Directions: Write down the derivatives of the given words as required.
72. i______ coming or existing between two events, dates, objects, etc
73. a______ of or belonging to or inherited from an ancestor
74. d______ the fact that a particular person or thing is more powerful, successful, or important than other people or things
75. b______ a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of something and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line
76. c______ a sudden failure of something, such as an institution, a business or a course of action
77. d______ a range of many people or things that are very different from each other
Ⅵ. Translation (12%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English with the words given in the brackets.
78．那里的村民们应该以其原始形式将传统传承下去。(suppose)
79．人们希望日子过得更好，所以自20世纪90年代以来，大多数鲨鱼的数量下降了90%，这一点也不奇怪。(it; better off)
80．根据目前的证据， 海洋生物学家预测，失去这个看护人可能会导致小型食肉动物的数量大幅增加。(bring)
Ⅶ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
现在城市里有很多家庭请家政服务(housekeeping service)，请你对此现象发表你的看法。内容必须包括：
◆概述城市里有很多家庭请家政服务现象
◆此现象对家庭和社会产生的影响
◆你对此现象的看法