适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4HistoryandTraditions试题新人教版必修第二册

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必修第二册　UNIT4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022广东汕头三模)
Visitors to the Yangguan Museum in Dunhuang,Northwest China’s Gansu Province,over the recent May Day holiday had the opportunity to see the first restored Mingguang armor(铠甲) from the Tang Dynasty (618—907).The 1.86-meter tall suit of armor gave visitors a window through which they could appreciate the wisdom of ancient Chinese artisans and the charm of China’s armor culture.
Wen Chenhua,the artisan who restored the armor that played a significant role on the battlefield more than 1,000 years ago,is one of the biggest fans of ancient armor in China.Following his passion,he has made the restoration of armor his lifelong career.
Since 2008,Wen and his team of over 30 people have produced more than 10,000 armor replicas according to ancient samples,gradually gathering thousands of followers from around the world who have been caught up by the charm of Chinese armor culture.
Armor from the Tang and Song dynasties are Wen’s favorites.He pointed to the Mingguang armor as a specific example.Mingguang means “bright and shiny” and in this case refers specifically to glittering nature of the breastplate of the armor,according to Wen.Due to prohibitions against privately stored suits of armor in ancient times,there are very few complete suits of armor that have been well preserved in China and detailed written records remain scarce.
Although Wen found many mentions of ancient armor in historical records,most records did not discuss what the armor actually looked like.He also used the statues of goddesses in the Mogao Grottoes as references,as the armor on one of these statues still had color.It took Wen and his team several months to restore the Mingguang armor.It is composed of more than 1,300 iron pieces and weighs nearly 25 kilograms in total.They used modern technology to create patterns that were inspired by a traditional forging technique popular in the region during the Tang Dynasty.Wen said that all of these endeavors are aimed at getting as close as possible to historical reality,noting that “no one can see the real Mingguang armor but I will try my best to restore the truth.”
1.What inspired Wen Chenhua to restore the armor?
A.Visitors’ appreciation.
B.The charm of China’s culture.
C.The wisdom of ancient Chinese artisans.
D.His enthusiasm for ancient armor in China.
2.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “replicas” in paragraph 3?
　　　　　　　　
A.Products. B.Displays.
C.Copies. D.Sculptures.
3.Why was it difficult to restore the Mingguang armor?
A.There were few complete suits and detailed written records left.
B.Suits of armor were stored privately in the past.
C.The colors on the armor were completely destroyed.
D.The ancient government banned storing suits of armor privately.
B
(2022湖北武汉二模)
An individual from an unknown hominid(原始人类) species walked across a field of wet,volcanic ash in what is now East Africa around 3.66 million years ago,leaving behind a handful of footprints.
Those five ancient footprints,largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania’s Laetoli site in 1976,show features of upright walking by a hominid,a new study finds.Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify,possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing.But the latest analysis refutes that suggestion.
McNutt,DeSilva,who started the new investigation as a Dartmouth College graduate student,and their colleagues fully dug out and cleaned the five Laetoli footprints in June 2019.Then they measured,photographed and 3-D scanned the ancient tracks.McNutt’s group focused on two footprints that were particularly well-preserved.Foot shapes,sizes,and walking characteristics of the Laetoli individual differed in various ways from those of other hominid individuals at the same site.The prints also didn’t match those from modern black bears and modern chimps(黑猩猩) walking upright.
The Laetoli individual possessed a wider,more chimplike foot than humans,the researchers say.Its big toe stuck out slightly from the second toe (脚趾),but not to the degree observed in chimps.On one step,the Laetoli individual’s left leg crossed in front of the right leg,leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track.People may cross-step in this way when trying to regain balance.And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross-stepping,the scientists say.
Given that only two of the ancient footprints are complete enough to analyze thoroughly,the possibility that a chimp other than a hominid made the Laetoli footprints can’t be ruled out,says William Harcourt Smith,a scientist at Lehman College.But evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker,he says.
4.What does the underlined word “refutes” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Objects to. B.Supports.
C.Puts forward. D.Criticizes.
5.Why do researchers think the footprints were unlike those of bears or chimps?
A.They are less chimplike.
B.They have toes sticking out.
C.They show a relatively wide standing.
D.They possess features of cross-stepping.
6.What does William think of the new research finding?
A.It’s convincing.
B.It’s challenging.
C.It’s confusing.
D.It’s conflicting.
7.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To describe a major event.
B.To share a new discovery.
C.To introduce an unknown species.
D.To settle a huge disagreement.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023江苏南京三模)
My grandma is 95 years old and still lives independently and happily at home.She has looked after her body and her whole life,never drank or smoked a day in her life.　1　 
She appreciates the little things in life like having cups of tea while sitting in her chair.But what she really loves to do is READ!　2　 Bless her heart! 
Every Saturday I drive 70 kms to spend the day with her.I also bring my three kids.They run around the home all day and bounce their balls in her driveway.　3　 Laughing her head off,she is always laughing.I race around doing all kinds of housework.I make Grandma’s bed and make sure she has enough sandwiches to keep in the fridge for later. 
Every month Grandma gets a delivery from the library which she looks forward to very much,two big containers full of books.　4　 Most have been Pay It Forward books.Grandma smiles,saying that is a good thing.She can pass my books onto her friend who then passes them onto her friend.There have been a few times I purchased a couple of books when I didn’t receive any books from others and told Grandma they were given to me when I knew she needed books.　5　 You see,Grandma respected money her whole life and she too raised three children alone,like me. 
I’ve learnt so much from her.It feels so great just to be able to do something to be kind and to make someone else smile.She tells me she would be lost without me but the truth is I would be so lost without her.
A.I admire her for so many different things.
B.Besides,her smile made it all worthwhile.
C.I benefit from her positive attitudes to life.
D.She puts heart and soul into every book she reads.
E.Grandma says the house comes to life every Saturday.
F.But she reads so much that I bring her books to read also.
G.I remember she read the telephone directory when she ran out of books.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022福建泉州三模)
Pingyao County is located in central Shanxi Province,China.It 1.　　　　　 (consist) of five towns and nine villages,covering an area of 486.5 square miles.This small county was noted for some 2.　　　　　 (impress) architectures in ancient conventional styles. 
As the birthplace of the Jin Businessmen during the Ming and Qing 3.　　　　　　　 (dynasty),it played an important role in the economic development of Shanxi during that period.The first Chinese trading shop was opened there.For 4.　　　　　 next hundred years,the city was home to almost all of the large trading shops in the country. 
Its City Wall is rated 5.　　　　　 (high) of the “Three Treasures” of the county together with Zhenguo Temple and Shuanglin Temple.With a total length of six kilometers,the City Wall covered by bricks and stones is about 12 meters tall and 3 to 6 meters wide on top.From a bird’s eye view,the rectangular (长方形的) wall represents a tortoise (龟).A tortoise was 6.　　　　　　　　(traditional) considered a symbol of longevity,conveying the residents’ hope 7.　　　　　 the Ancient City would be permanently secure. 
Pingyao is no longer very prosperous (繁荣的),8.　　　　　 the grand Pingyao Old City,constructed a thousand years ago,stands the test of time.9.　　　　　 (wander) along the Ancient Street inside the old town,you can still sense its former grandeur.Since it was listed as UNESCO World Heritage in 1997,Pingyao 10.(become) a hot destination of millions of tourists. 



参考答案
必修第二册　UNIT4
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我国甲胄修复大师温陈华及其团队尽自己全力修复中国古代盔甲的故事。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“WenChenhua,theartisanwhorestoredthearmorthatplayedasignificantroleonthebattlefieldmorethan1,000yearsago,isoneofthebiggestfansofancientarmorinChina.”可知,温陈华对中国古代甲胄怀有激情,这激励了他进行修复甲胄工作。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前“Since2008,Wenandhisteamofover30peoplehaveproducedmorethan10,000armor”和画线词后“accordingtoancientsamples”可推测出,温陈华及其团队根据古代甲胄样本,制作产生的是甲胄的复制品。因此“replicas”与“Copies”含义一致,表示“复制品”。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Duetoprohibitionsagainstprivately...writtenrecordsremainscarce.”可知,在中国,保存完好的甲胄很少,与其相关的文字记录也少,由此可推测,这也是造成温陈华修复明光铠甲有难度的原因。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,研究人员发现五个古代脚印,这些脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征。
4.A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Researchershadpreviouslyconsideredthemhardtoclassify,possiblyproducedbyayoungbearthattookafewstepswhilestanding.”可知,上文介绍了研究人员对脚印来源的推测,他们认为脚印可能是由一只站着走了几步的小熊产生的,再结合画线单词所在句中的转折连词“But”可知,上下文为转折关系,且由第三段关键句“Theprintsalsodidn’tmatchthosefrommodernblackbearsandmodernchimpswalkingupright.”可知,研究证明这些脚印与现代黑熊的脚印不匹配,由此可知,画线单词所在句指的是“但最新的分析驳斥了这一说法”。Objectsto意为“反对,不赞成”,能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ononestep,theLaetoliindividual’sleftleg...fromcross-stepping,thescientistssay.”可知,这些脚印呈现出人们试图恢复平衡时所进行的交叉步行走,而熊和黑猩猩无法交叉步行走,因此,研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印。由此可知,研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印是因为这些脚印具有交叉步的特点。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Thosefiveancientfootprints,largelyignoredsincetheywerepartlyunearthedatTanzania’sLaetolisitein1976,showfeaturesofuprightwalkingbyahominid,anewstudyfinds.”可知,新的研究发现,这五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征;再结合最后一段关键句“Butevidenceofcross-steppingisenoughtoprovethatitwasahominidtrackmaker,hesays.”可知,威廉认为交叉步的证据足以证明五个古代脚印是原始人直立行走留下的足迹,由此可知,威廉认为新的研究发现是很有说服力的。
7.B　推理判断题。通读全文,结合第二段关键句“Thosefiveancientfootprints,largelyignoredsincetheywerepartlyunearthedatTanzania’sLaetolisitein1976,showfeaturesofuprightwalkingbyahominid,anewstudyfinds.”可知,文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,研究人员发现五个古代脚印,这些脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征,由此可知,这篇文章的写作目的是为了分享一个新发现。
Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的奶奶非常喜欢读书,同时又很节省,因此奶奶参与了“读书传递”的活动。作者也会在奶奶没有书读的时候买给她。
1.A　根据上文“Mygrandmais95yearsold...inherlife.”以及下文“Sheappreciatesthelittlethings...lovestodoisREAD!”可知,第一段在介绍奶奶是什么样的人,第二段在介绍奶奶的爱好。又根据最后一段“I’velearntsomuchfromher...solostwithouther.”可知,作者很尊敬奶奶,奶奶对她来说非常重要。因为此空在第一段,应该起到总领全文,承上启下的作用。A项“我因为许多不同的小事尊敬她。”符合上下文。
2.G　根据上文“ButwhatshereallylovestodoisREAD!”以及下文“Blessherheart!”可知,此空在强调作者的奶奶有多爱读书。G项“我记得当没有书读的时候,她就读电话本。”符合上下文语境。
3.E　根据上文“Ialsobringmythreekids...inherdriveway.”以及下文“Laughingherheadoff...allkindsofhousework.”可知,作者带孩子在奶奶家跑来跑去,奶奶非常开心,并笑得前仰后合。因此此空应表达出奶奶高兴的状态。E项“奶奶说,每到周六,家里就恢复了生机。”符合上下文。
4.F　根据上文“EverymonthGrandmagetsadelivery...fullofbooks.”以及下文“Shecanpassmybooks...ontoherfriend.”可知,此空应和“我的书”有关。F项“但她读得太多了,我也带我的书给她读。”符合上文,虽然很期待图书馆的书,但书还是不够,需要作者给她带。
5.B　根据上文“Therehavebeenafewtimes...sheneededbooks.”以及下文“Yousee,Grandmarespectedmoneyherwholelifeandshetooraisedthreechildrenalone,likeme.”可知,奶奶是一个很节省的人,作者为了不让她知道书是自己花钱买的,而说是别人送给自己的,此空应填奶奶收到“我送的书”的反应。B项“此外,她的微笑使这一切都值得。”符合上下文。
Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是中国的平遥古城的发展历史、特色以及对它的保护。
1.consists　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时;主语It是单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数consists。故填consists。
2.impressive　考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词architectures,用形容词作定语,故填impressive。
3.dynasties　考查名词复数。由“theMingandQing”可知,空格处用复数dynasties。
4.the　考查冠词。此处特指“接下来的几百年”,故填the。
5.highest　考查比较等级。根据语境可知,句子表示“它的城墙是‘三宝’中最高的”,空格处用最高级,故填highest。
6.traditionally　考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词considered用副词形式,故填traditionally。
7.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是同位语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,且意思完整,因此空格处用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。
8.but/yet　考查连词。由前面的“Pingyaoisnolongerveryprosperous”和后面的“standsthetestoftime”可知,前后句子是转折关系,故填but或yet。
9.Wandering　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是“canstillsense”,空格处用非谓语动词;you和wander之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Wandering。
10.hasbecome　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由Since可知,句子时态用现在完成时;主语Pingyao是单数,因此空格处用hasbecome。故填hasbecome。