适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4SpaceExploration试题新人教版必修第三册

这是一份适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4SpaceExploration试题新人教版必修第三册，共6页。

必修第三册　UNIT4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022湖北宜昌一模)
A study confirmed that the cracks found on Mars’s surface last year by the Curiosity Rover are evidence of ancient lakes that likely dried up about 3.5 billion years ago.The new study provides further evidence of what the climate on the Red Planet may have been like in its ancient past.
The study,published online in Geology,proved that cracks on Mars’s surface previously photographed by Curiosity are dry mud cracks which could have only been formed when wet ground was exposed to the air.This conclusion was based on an analysis of a single area of rock known as “Old Soaker”.
Researchers used the Curiosity Rover and information from its many tools including the Mars Hand Lens Imager,ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) and the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) to study both the physical appearance and the chemistry of the rock,which is described as no bigger than a coffee table.
The analysis showed that cracks on the rocks were formed by exposure to air,rather than heat or the flow of water.In addition,the shape of the cracks suggests it experienced a single drying event on the planet,rather than getting wet and drying over repeatedly.The position of the cracks,closer to the center of the ancient lake rather than alongside it,also suggests that the lake levels changed often,rising and falling over time.
“The mud cracks are exciting because they help us to understand this ancient lake system,” lead study author Nathaniel Stein,a geologist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,said,referring to the ancient lake system on the planet.
Scientists have known of the existence of ancient water on Mars for years.A 2015 NASA study that measured water in Mars’s atmosphere suggested that ancient oceans may once have had more water than our own Arctic Ocean.However,because the planet has less gravity and a thinner atmosphere than Earth,this water evaporated(蒸发) into space over the course of several billion years.
1.What is the Curiosity Rover?
A.An organization.　　
B.A scientist.
C.A planet.
D.A machine.
2.What do we know about the discovery on Mars?
A.The cracks are near the center of an ancient lake.
B.Mars was getting wet and drying more than once.
C.The lake level on Mars seldom changes over time.
D.The cracks on the rocks were formed by water flow.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Ancient water still exists on Mars now.
B.The gravity on Mars is stronger than that on Earth.
C.The atmosphere on Earth is thicker than that on Mars.
D.The ancient Arctic Ocean had more water than it has now.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Water on Mars.
B.A trip to Mars.
C.A study on Mars.
D.Cracks on Mars.

B
(2022安徽皖南八校三模)
What does it take to become an astronaut?It’s a question that’s been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s.In those days,pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals,so military fliers were first in line to go to space.More recently,people from a wide range of professional backgrounds—doctors,scientists,and even teachers—have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit.Even so,those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition.Each country’s space program has health requirements for its space travelers.They usually assess a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.For example,a good candidate must have the ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness.All astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure.Beyond that,there is no age limit.Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46,although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident,risk-takers,adept at stress management and multitasking.They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment.On Earth,astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties,such as speaking to the public,working with other professionals,and sometimes even testifying before government officials.So,astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.
Often,astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees,like Ph.Ds.Others have military training or space industry expertise.Regardless of their background,once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space program,he or she goes through rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
5.Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut?
A.Normal blood pressure.
B.Good eyesight.
C.Tough body.
D.Young age.
6.Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties?
A.To make them famous among people.
B.To relieve their feeling of tension.
C.To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D.To promote public interest in the aerospace.
7.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Everyone Can Be an Astronaut
B.The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C.Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D.It’s Not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2022河北石家庄二模)
I started cooking when I was thirteen.Both of my parents worked,so I was usually 　1　 after school.One day,my parents forgot to 　2　 dinner before they went to work.As we were short of money,eating out was beyond 　3　.So I decided to be the 　4　 of the day. 
A few moments later,I 　5　 to cook fried rice,the best option out of 　6　 resources,including my cooking knowledge.After 　7　 a pan on the stove and turning up the heat,it soon began to sizzle.I was so hungry that I 　8　 and threw everything into the pan all together.In went rice,pieces of meat and vegetables.Little did I know that the 　9　 of ingredients(食材) was crucial in cooking.I 　10　 waited for the meat to be thoroughly cooked,but other ingredients were 　11　.At first,I mistook it as a steam from cooking,but I soon 　12　 something went horribly wrong when smoke 　13　 to fill the kitchen. 
Later that day,my mother told me,“You cannot rush yourself when cooking.” Rather,I should take steps,turning to the basics,such as learning about the ingredients and 　14　 the recipe. 
I’ve learned that the first 　15　 seems hard but we should just start and let the journey teach us. 
1.A.alone B.energetic
C.anxious D.excited
2.A.enjoy B.prepare
C.serve D.take
3.A.expectation B.control
C.description D.budget
4.A.owner B.ruler
C.chef D.researcher
5.A.agreed B.settled
C.failed D.switched
6.A.various B.delicious
C.pricey D.limited
7.A.placing B.covering
C.washing D.breaking
8.A.quit B.slept
C.rushed D.collapsed
9.A.standard B.order
C.quality D.amount
10.A.proudly B.unconsciously
C.fearfully D.eagerly
11.A.burning B.exploding
C.disappearing D.mixing
12.A.insisted B.declared
C.grasped D.explained
13.A.stopped B.reduced
C.existed D.emerged
14.A.working on B.fixing on
C.referring to D.contributing to
15.A.race B.try
C.route D.ride


参考答案
必修第三册　UNIT4
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星上的裂缝。一项研究证实,去年“好奇号”火星探测器在火星表面发现的裂缝是远古湖泊干涸的证据,并分析了该裂缝。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知这项发表在《地质学》杂志网络版上的研究证明,之前“好奇号”拍摄到的火星表面的裂缝是干泥裂缝,只有在潮湿的地面暴露在空气中时才会形成。由此可知,CuriosityRover是火星探测器。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.”可知,这些裂缝靠近一个古湖的中心。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth”可知,地球的大气层比火星的厚。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段内容以及下文对该裂缝的分析,可知,这篇文章是关于火星裂缝的。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Beyondthat,thereisnoagelimit.Mostastronauttraineesarebetweentheagesof25and46,althougholderpeoplehavealsoflowntospacelaterintheircareers.”可知,成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制,甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞向过太空,可知相比其他条件,年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theyalsoneedtobeabletoworkaspartofateam...So,astronautswhocanrelatewelltomanydifferentkindsofpeopleareseenasvaluableteammembers.”可知,宇航员被要求履行公共职责是锻炼他们的团队合作能力,提高他们的团队合作意识,使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。
7.B　主旨大意题。文章第一句“Whatdoesittaketobecomeanastronaut?”以设问的方式引起下文,是文章的主旨句,接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质,包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等,所以B项“宇航员的职业素质”概括了文章内容,适合作为标题。
Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己第一次学做饭的经历,告诉我们第一次尝试似乎很难,但我们总应该开始。
1.A　根据上文“Bothofmyparentsworked”可知“我”的父母都在工作,所以说放学后没人陪“我”,“我”独自在家。
2.B　根据下文“SoIdecidedtobethe　4　oftheday.”可知,“我”要自己当厨师,所以说是父母没有准备晚饭给“我”,“我”只有自己做饭吃。 
3.D　根据上文“Aswewereshortofmoney”可知,“我”们缺钱,所以出去吃饭太贵了,超出预算范围。
4.C　根据上文可知,父母没有给“我”做饭,“我”们又缺钱,不能外出吃饭,所以“我”只有自己当厨师做饭吃。
5.B　根据上文“SoIdecidedtobethe　4　oftheday.”可知,“我”要自己当厨师,所以“我”想了一会儿之后,决定做炒饭。 
6.D　根据上文“Afewmomentslater,I　5　tocookfriedrice”和下文“includingmycookingknowledge”可知,“我”决定做炒饭。因为做炒饭比较简单,“我”又是第一次做饭,没有什么烹饪知识,所以说资源有限。 
7.A　根据常识和下文“andturninguptheheat”可知,做饭要先把锅放在炉子上,再加热。
8.C　根据上文“Iwassohungry”可知,“我”很饿,很着急把饭做好,所以“我”很仓促,表明“我”急迫的心情。
9.B　根据下文“我”急切地等待着肉被完全煮熟,但其他的配料烧糊了。可知,“我”把食材一起都放在锅里了,所以说“我”几乎不知道食材的顺序在烹饪中至关重要。
10.D　根据上文“SoIdecidedtobethe　4　oftheday.”及“Iwassohungry”可知,自己第一次当厨师且很饿,所以“我”热切地等待着肉被完全煮熟。 
11.A　根据下文可知,正在做的菜在冒白烟,所以说菜被烧煳了。
12.C　根据上下文可知,开始“我”误以为这是烹饪过程中产生的蒸汽,所以当知道是烟充满厨房时,“我”很快就明白了真相。
13.D　参考上题解析。
14.C　根据上文可知,“我”要学做饭应该先学基础知识,所以要参考食谱。
15.B　根据上文“SoIdecidedtobethe　4　oftheday.”可知,“我”要自己当厨师,所以这是“我”的第一次当厨师的尝试。