适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题4第2讲形容词和副词课件牛津译林版
展开Sme peple think that they will get ill if they use their brains t much.It is nt true.Thrugh many studies,scientists shw us that the mre yu use yur brain,the better it will be and the cleverer①yu will becme.Of curse,if yu want t keep yur mind clear and active,yu must take a prper rest and study prperly②.T the teenagers,using their brains in the mrning is gd fr their health.There are many ways t rest.One is a peaceful③ rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.Anther is an active rest.Fr example,yu can take a walk utdrs and d mre exercise every day.
用法感悟1.根据①可知,“the +比较级,the+比较级”意为“ ”。 2.②中的prperly为 词,其词根是 ,词缀为 。3.③中的peaceful为形容词,其词根是 ,词缀为 。
一、形容词与副词的构词知识1.名词、动词变形容词
2.形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加-ly的口诀:(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真实地(辅y变i加) happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y) terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加-y) full→fully完全地dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加-ally) basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
3.-ed结尾的形容词修饰物的用法-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑),feeling(感觉),cry(叫声),face(表情),vice(声音),lk(表情),eye(眼神),expressin(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他的脸上露出了满意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
二、比较等级的用法(一)比较级1.比较级结构:形容词/副词的比较级+than;mre/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than。常见的修饰比较级的词(组)有any,much,even,far,by far,a lt,a great deal等。The bk is far mre interesting than the bks I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
2.比较级的常用句型(1)“比较级+and+比较级”或“mre and mre+原级”表示“越来越……”。Hliday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。(2)“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,越……”。The mre yu listen and read,the better yu write and speak.你听得越多、读得越多,你的写作和口语就越好。(3)“the+比较级+f (the)+名词/代词”表示“(两者中)较……的”。Of the tw cameras,I wuld prefer the smaller ne,which is very easy fr me t carry.这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它容易携带。
3.比较级形式表达最高级的含义(1)“否定词语+比较级”或“否定词语+”结构表示最高级含义。Yur stry is perfect;I’ve never heard a better ne befre.你的故事太完美了,我从来没有听过比这更好的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义:①比较级+than any ther+单数名词;②比较级+than all the ther+复数名词;③比较级+than any f the ther+复数名词。The Yangtze River is lnger than any ther river/than all the ther rivers/than any f the ther rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
(二)最高级最高级结构:the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/f/amng短语);ne f the+形容词的最高级+名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词(组)有by far,almst以及序数词等。Raymnd’s parents wanted him t have the best educatin.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
(三)倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有:(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+BSmking is harmful t peple’s health,killing seven times mre peple each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人数是死于交通事故的人数的7倍。(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+f+BOur classrm is three times as large as theirs.=Our classrm is three times larger than theirs.=Our classrm is three times the size f theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。(4)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句The length f the rad is fur times what it was three years ag.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.With this thught,tw Nigerian singers,Waje and Cbhams, (recent) brught their music t China during this difficult time.
2.The wrd tngpa is nw used t describe whever appreciates (traditin) Han Chinese clthing.
考查词形转换。此处修饰动词brught,应用副词形式,故填recently。
traditinal
考查词形转换。该空修饰名词Han Chinese clthing,应用形容词,所以填traditinal。
3.At the site,mre than 500 artifacts,including gld masks,brnze items,jade and clthes,have been unearthed frm the pits,which are 3,200 t 4,000 years ld.The bradcast fueled visitrs’ interest in numerus artifacts (early) at the site,which are n display at the museum.
考查副词比较级。句意:这段广播激起了游客对早些时候在该遗址展出的许多文物的兴趣。根据后文“which are n display at the museum”可知,此处指“更早些时候展出的文物”。故填earlier。
4.Their cmplaints that things used t be better in the past r that sme new develpment is n gd can be regarded as the unavidable thughts f peple wh simply dn’t like change and are therefre (able) t see the benefits f prgress.
考查形容词。句意:他们抱怨过去的事物更好,或者一些新的发展不好,这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法,他们只是不喜欢改变,因此看不到进步的好处。根据系动词are可知,此处要用形容词作表语。故填unable。
5.The riginal Beijing-Zhangjiaku railway,China’s first (independent) designed line,was first put int peratin in 1909 fr trains ging 35 kilmeters per hur.
independently
考查词形转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词designed。故填independently。
【例1】 His freign perspective, (glbe) visin and Western way f thinking make a cnsistent narratin. 分析:解本题时可采用句法功能法。设空处作定语,修饰名词visin,故应用形容词形式。
【例2】 This is the secnd (deep) recrd in the wrld after the ne set by the Russian Vityaz-D AUV. 分析:解本题时可采用语境分析法。根据“after the ne set by the Russian Vityaz-D AUV”可知,此处表示这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-D AUV之后的世界第二深的记录,所以secnd 后跟deep的最高级。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1.After the funding f the PRC,the central gvernment invested (enrmus) in Beijing glassware.
2.On festive (ccasin),a stryteller might be invited t perfrm in the private hmes f the upper classes and even at the curt.
考查副词。句中invested是动词过去式,应由副词修饰;所给词enrmus是形容词,其副词是enrmusly。故填enrmusly。
考查名词的数。ccasin为可数名词,前面没有冠词,故应用复数。故填ccasins。
3.Hwever,they are imprtant part f Chinese culture,and it’s ur (respnsible) t prtect and maintain them.
4.But Japan,which lacks its wn mineral resurces,is keen n taking the theme f a sustainable future a step (far).
respnsibility
考查名词。句意:然而,它们是中国文化的重要组成部分,保护和维护它们是我们的责任。形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填respnsibility。
考查比较级。句意:但是,由于缺乏自己的矿产资源,日本热衷于将可持续未来的主题更进一步。结合句意可知,此处表示“将某事更进一步”,短语为take sth a step further。故填further。
5.It claimed these were the (strict) measures in China’s game industry t prevent addictin and the cmpany expected they wuld ease parents’ anxiety.
考查形容词最高级。in China’s game industry是一个范围,表示这些措施在游戏产业中是最严厉的,应使用最高级形式,故填strictest。
真题演练1.(2022全国甲卷)Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad,in rder t prmte envirnmental (prtect).Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre (meaning).The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
meaningful
prtectin 考查名词。形容词修饰名词;根据空前的形容词envirnmental可知,该处应用名词形式prtectin,表示“环境保护”。meaningful 考查形容词。该处作宾语补足语,表示这将使得徒步旅行更有意义。故用形容词。
2.(2022全国乙卷)As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day,the birthplace f tea and the (large) tea-prducing cuntry,China has a (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
largest 考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大的产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。respnsibility 考查名词。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填respnsibility。
3.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
eventually
ppulatins 考查名词复数。此处ppulatin表示“数量”,因为前面有separate(不同的)修饰,所以此处用ppulatin的复数形式。故填ppulatins。eventually 考查词形转换。此处需要副词修饰后面的动词achieve。故填eventually。
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my (sn) life,”said Mrs.Brwn.“I dn’t knw hw t thank him.”
5.(2021全国乙卷)Prvide (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词sn之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn’s。
考查词形转换。此处修饰名词aid,应该用形容词形式financial。
6.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb.It will (undubted) help yu get refreshed!The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets,the (ht) the spring!Strange,isn’t it?But that’s hw nature is—always leaving us (astnish).
undubtedly
undubtedly 考查副词。根据句子结构,此句谓语为“will help”,由此可知,此处应该要用副词形式作状语。htter 考查比较级。分析句意“温度越低,温泉就越热”可知,此处应为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。astnished 考查词形转换。结合句意“总是使我们惊讶”可知,空格处应为宾语us的补足语,说明宾语的状态“感到惊讶的”,故用过去分词形式。
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。(the+比较级,the+比较级)
2.(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)此外,我们可以利用各种资源使学习更有趣。(比较级)
The mre peple are invlved,the better the cean envirnment is.
Besides,we can use all kinds f resurces t make learning mre interesting.
3.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)众所周知,中国是世界四大文明古国之一,有着5 000多年的历史和无数博大精深的文化。(名词复数)
4.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jhn认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。(否定词+比较级)Jhn thught was than helping thers earn a living by themselves.
As we all knw,China is ne f the fur ancient civilizatins with mre than 5,000 years histry and cuntless prfund cultures.
mre meaningful
Ⅲ.语法填空(名词、形容词和副词专练)Mary had lived in China fr nearly twenty 1. (year) befre she came here.I’ve planned t visit China next year.S I requested her t tell me the 2. (gd) time t g there.Mary said t me,“The mst cmfrtable time t visit China is either between March and May r between September and early Nvember.During these mnths,the weather is 3. (particular) pleasant thrughut the cuntry,neither t ht nr t cld.”
particularly
I’m 4. (interest) in tasting all kinds f fd all ver the wrld.I asked her t say smething abut the 5. (China) fd.“Well,Chinese fd is delicius and 6. (reasnable) priced.What is even 7. (gd) is that restaurants d nt ask fr r accept tips,” she said 8. (patient).“Language can be a prblem in China,especially fr first-time 9. (visit),” said Mary.She advised me t learn sme 10. (base) wrds and phrases. Mrever,she reminded me t carry an English-Chinese pcket dictinary.
interested
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。玛丽在中国生活了近20年,作者计划明年去中国,向她征求了很多建议。1.years year为可数名词,此处被数词twenty所修饰,因此用复数形式。2.best 根据下文中的“The mst cmfrtable time”及该空前的定冠词可知该空应该用形容词的最高级形式。3.particularly 此处修饰形容词pleasant,应用副词形式,particularly 尤其,特别。4.interested be interested in 对……感兴趣。5.Chinese 此处应用形容词修饰fd,Chinese fd意为中国的食物。6.reasnably 过去分词前需用副词作状语,故答案为 reasnably。
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