精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021-2022学年高一上学期入学调研英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021-2022学年高一上学期入学调研英语试卷（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂等内容，欢迎下载使用。


哈三中2021-2022学年度高一学年入学调研考试
英语
考生须知：
1. 本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟。
2. 答题前，考生先将自己的“姓名”、“考号”、“考场”、“座位号”在答题卡上填写清楚。将“条形码”准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题纸上答题无效。
4. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须使用黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
5. 保持卡面整洁，不要折叠、不要弄脏、不要弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第Ⅰ卷
一、单项选择(本题共20分，每小题1分)选择最佳答案。
1. Zhong Nanshan, an 84-year-old doctor who ______ fighting against SARS 18 years ago, was chosen again to lead the investigation(调查)into the new virus during the 2020 Spring Festival.
A. was thirsty for B. was known for
C. was tired of D. was proud in
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：84岁的钟南山，18年前因抗击非典而闻名，在2020年春节期间，他再次被选中领头去调查这种新病毒。A. was thirsty for渴望；B. was known for以……闻名；C. was tired of厌倦；D. was proud in自豪。根据后文“fighting against SARS 18 years ago”指钟南山18年前因抗击非典而闻名，故选B。
2. Jack’s always ______ second to arrive at the library after the librarian every morning.
This week, he’s read three English novels and started ______ fourth.
A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：杰克总是每天早上在图书管理员之后第二个到达图书馆。本周，他读了三本英文小说，并开始了第四部。第一空后序数词second为特指，空处应为定冠词the，第二空后为序数词fourth，为泛指，且a+序数词表示“又一个，再一个，又一次，再次”，应为冠词a，故选C项。
3. Tokyo held the 32nd Olympic Games ______ the summer of 2021. ______ the evening of July 23rd, people all over the world watched the opening ceremony.
A. on, On B. in, On C. in, In D. on, In
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：东京于2021年夏天举办了第32届奥运会。7月23日晚，世界各地的人们观看了开幕式。分析句子结构可知，具体某年的某个季节前用介词in，具体某一天的早上，下午和晚上用介词on。故选B项。
4. Life in the following ______ time may be harder than before, but everyone should stick to his goals and make an effort to achieve them.
A. three-months B. three month C. three months D. three months’
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：接下来三个月的生活可能会比以前更艰难，但每个人都应该坚持自己的目标，并努力实现这些目标。根据后面的名词可知，空处需要名词所有格。three months’为名词所有格，表示“三个月的”。故选D。
5. The fires in Australia that lasted about seven months ______ one billion(十亿)animals to lose their lives. How terrible!
A. were causing B. has caused C. will cause D. caused
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：澳大利亚的大火持续了大约7个月，造成10亿只动物丧生。我太可怕了！分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去。故使用一般过去时。故选D。
6. My teacher always tells us that the people who achieve great things in this world are ______ that believe they can achieve great things.
A. the one B. ones C. the ones D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：我的老师总是告诉我们，在这个世界上取得伟大成就的人都是相信自己能够取得伟大成就的人。分析句子可知，空格处的人指上文提到的“people who achieve great things in this world”，即“世界上取得伟大成就的人”，“people”为集合名词，故应用代词“ones”代替，表特指，前面要加定冠词the，故空格处应填the ones。故选C项。
7. —I haven’t seen your father for days. Do you know where he is?
—He ______ Beijing. He ______ there last week.
A. has gone to; has gone B. has gone to; went
C. has been to; went D. has been to; has gone
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：——我好几天没见到你父亲了。你知道他在哪儿吗？——他已经去北京了。他上周去了那里。根据前文的haven’t seen your father for days可知，第一空中的动作表示“已经去了没回来”用has gone to；第二空中last week表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。故选B。
8. In my opinion, Chinese is ______ any other language in the world because Chinese has the largest number of speakers and the longest history.
A. as important as B. so important as
C. more important than D. the most important of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级。句意：在我看来，汉语比世界上任何其他语言都重要，因为汉语拥有最多的使用者和最长的历史。此处在某个特定范围内与其他同类事物进行对比时，可用比较级形式表示最高级含义：比较级+than+ any other+单数名词。故选C。
9. People should avoid ______ for a long time and if they do exercise, they should make sure to warm up before doing it.
A. working B. to work C. work D. being worked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们应该避免长时间工作，如果他们锻炼，他们应该确保在锻炼前热身。avoid doing为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，空格处应填动名词作宾语。故选A项。
10. As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.” It’s silly of you to sit around, just waiting for millions of dollars to ______ the sky.
A. fall over B. fall off C. fall down D. fall in
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：俗话说：“一分耕耘，一分收获。”你傻傻地坐着，等着几百万美元从天上掉下来。A. fall over被……绊倒；B. fall off跌落；下降；从……落下；C. fall down跌倒；D. fall in坍塌。根据“As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.””可知，金钱不会凭空而降。故选B。
11. —Must I wear a mask(口罩)whenever I go outside recently?
—It depends. If you go outdoor where there are few people, you ______. But if you go into a room full of people, you ______ .
A. can’t, must B. mustn’t, have to C. needn’t, must D. shouldn’t, need
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动辨析。句意：——最近每次出门都要戴口罩吗?——视情况而定。如果你去人少的户外，你就不需要了。但如果你走进一个满是人的房间，你必须这样做。A. can’t不能，must必须；B. mustn’t禁止，have to不得不；C. needn’t不需要，must必须；D. shouldn’t不应该，need需要。根据“If you go outdoor where there are few people”可知去人少的地方，可以不需要戴口罩，根据“if you go into a room full of people”去人多的地方是必须戴口罩的。故选C项。
12. —These dresses are really nice and I can’t decide which one to buy.
—Well, try them on and see how they look on you. ______. There’s no hurry.
A. Take your time B. It kills time C. It’s your time D. Have a good time
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——这些裙子真漂亮，我不知道该买哪件。——那就试试，看看你穿起来怎么样，请慢慢来，不用着急。A. Take your time慢慢来；B. It kills time消磨时间；C. It’s your time时间是你自己的；D. Have a good time玩得开心。根据“try them on”和“There’s no hurry”可知，售货员让顾客不用着急，可以把喜欢的裙子都试穿一下，故应该是让顾客慢慢来，不用着急。故选A。
13. I still remember the old days ______ I had in London years ago.
A. that B. in which C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得几年前在伦敦度过的那些美好时光。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是days，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导从句，故选A。
14. China is building hundreds of “waste to energy” factories ______ rubbish can be used to produce power. Besides, it is also setting up a “waste-free” plan across the country.
A. even if B. in case C. in order D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：中国正在建设数百家“垃圾发电”工厂，以便将垃圾用于发电。。此外，它还在全国范围内建立了一个“无废物”计划。A. even if即使；B. in case如果；C. in order井然有序；D. so that因此，以便。引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”，应用so that引导。故选D项。
15. Easter is a festival to celebrate the rebirth of Jesus (耶稣复活). And it falls in ______.
A. spring B. autumn C. winter D. summer
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：复活节是庆祝耶稣重生的节日。它适逢春天。A. spring春天；B. autumnq秋天；C. winter冬天；D. summer夏天。结合常识可知，复活节在每年春分月圆之后第一个星期日，是一个春天的节日，故选A。
16. Due to the serious situation, every one of us should know how to keep ourselves safe from COVID-19(新型冠状病毒), so we should ______ .
①always remember to wear a mask when we are outside
②go to visit our relatives more often
③be alone and go to see a doctor if we cough or have a fever
④cover our nose and mouth when we cough and sneeze(打喷嚏)
⑤wash our hands for at most 15 seconds
A. ②③④ B. ①③④ C. ①④⑤ D. ②③⑤
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查生活常识和翻译。句意：由于形势严重，我们每个人都应该知道如何保护自己免受COVID-19的侵害，所以我们应该______。①always remember to wear a mask when we are outside(当我们在外面的时候，一定要记得戴口罩)；②go to visit our relatives more often(我们会更经常地去拜访亲戚)；③be alone and go to see a doctor if we cough or have a fever(如果我们咳嗽或发烧，就一个人呆着，去看医生)；④cover our nose and mouth when we cough and sneeze(打喷嚏)(咳嗽和打喷嚏时要捂住口鼻)；⑤wash our hands for at most 15 seconds(洗手时间不超过15秒)。结合常识可知①③④三项正确。故选B项。
17. Alice bought something that she needed with her lucky money. According to the form, she paid ______ for the school things.
things
Five notebooks
One tea kettle
A set of crayons
a box of glue
Price
$1.5 each
$18
$20
$2.5

A. $4 B. $48 C. $30 D. $24
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查细节理解。题意为：爱丽丝用压岁钱买了一些她需要的东西。根据表格，她需要支付多少钱购买学习用品。选项中属于学习用品的是：五本笔记本5*$1.5+一套蜡笔$20+一盒胶水$2.5 = $30。故选C。
18. I had been stuck in a traffic jam on the highway. The party was ______ over when we arrived.
A. in all B. all along C. all too D. all but
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我在高速公路上遇到了交通堵塞。我们到达时，晚会几乎结束了。A. in all总共；B. all along一直；C. all too太过，过于；D. all but几乎，差不多。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语all but“几乎，差不多”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
19. The doctor ______ the patient for his illness but he died two weeks later.
A. treated B. healed C. operated D. cured
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生为病人的病进行了治疗，但他两周后去世了。A. treated治疗、医治；B. healed治愈、抚平；C. operated做手术；D. cured治愈、治好。根据“but he died two weeks later”可知，病人的病没有被治好，最终去世了，所以医生只是为他的疾病进行了治疗。故选A。
20. At the ______ moment, people from all corners of the country offered their help to the earthquake survivors.
A. meaningful B. mutual C. temporary D. critical
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这关键时刻，来自五湖四海的人们向地震幸存者伸出了援助之手。A. meaningful重要的；B. mutual相互的；C. temporary临时的；D. critical关键的。根据后文“offered their help to the earthquake survivors”可知，是为刚经历地震的幸存者提供帮助，所以是关键时刻符合语境。故选D项。
二、完形填空(本题共20分，每小题1分)
In 1971 a young man who grew up very poor was travelling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. Along the way he had completely run out of ____21____ and was forced to spend the night in his car. This ____22____ until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked ____23____ into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast.
After eating his first good meal in ____24____, he found himself ____25____ to the waiter, telling him he had lost his ____26____. The waiter, who was also the owner, walked ____27____ the chair where the young man had been sitting. He bent down,____28____a $20 bill that looked ____29____ it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have ____30____ this,” the owner said. The young man couldn’t believe his ____31____! He quickly paid for the breakfast, left a ____32____, bought gas with the change, and headed West.
On the way out of town, he began to understand ____33____the fellow did. Maybe nobody dropped the money ____34____. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was ____35____ and he helped me in a way that didn’t ____36____ me. So I just made a ____37____ to help others if I can.”
Later, he worked very hard and became a(an)____38____ man. Now, he lives near Kansas City. Each year he ____39____ thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at ____40____ time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the streets and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50, 000 away in Kansas City.
21. A. time B. gas C. energy D. money
22. A. continued B. remained C. kept D. stayed
23. A. hopefully B. excitedly C. nervously D. silently
24. A. hours B. weeks C. years D. months
25. A. turning B. lying C. smiling D. joking
26. A. way B. job C. wallet D. car
27. A. behind B. in front of C. before D. under
28. A. took out B. picked out C. took up D. picked up
29. A. even if B. as if C. as well D. even so
30. A. placed B. put C. dropped D. removed
31. A. luck B. word C. promise D. action
32. A. message B. signal C. mark D. tip
33. A. what B. how C. where D. when
34. A. after all B. above all C. in all D. at all
35. A. in danger B. in peace C. in trouble D. in charge
36. A. surprise B. embarrass C. impress D. cheat
37 A. plan B. choice C. promise D. dream
38. A. famous B. rich C. lucky D. important
39. A. gives up B. sends out C. puts away D. gives away
40. A. breakfast B. Christmas C. church D. New Year’s
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个饭店的老板用很善良的行为帮助了一个年轻人的故事，告诉我们要多给予别人帮助，我们的生活才会更美好。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上，他的钱花光了，不得不在车里过夜。A. time时间；B. gas汽油；C. energy精力；D. money金钱。根据下文“and was forced to spend the night in his car(被迫在他的车里过夜。)”可知，此处指“钱”花光了。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况一直持续到一天早上，在车里睡了一个星期后，他紧张地走进一家餐馆，点了一顿丰盛的早餐。A. continued继续；B. remained剩余；C. kept保持；D. stayed停留。分析句意再根据空格后的until可知，此处指一直“持续”到一天早上。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hopefully有希望地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. nervously紧张地；D. silently默默地。根据上文第1题的分析可知，他的钱花光了，肯定没钱付款，所以应该是“紧张地”走进餐馆。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，他第一次吃了一顿好饭，却发现自己对服务员撒了谎，说自己的钱包丢了。A. hours小时；B. weeks周；C. years年；D. months月。根据上文“after a week of sleeping in his car(在他车里睡了一个星期后)”可知，此处用weeks与上文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. turning转动；B. lying撒谎；C. smiling微笑；D. joking开玩笑。分析句意再根据下文“telling him he had lost his(告诉他丢了他的……)”可知，此处指他对服务员“撒谎”。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同4小题。A. way方法；B. job工作；C. wallet钱包；D. car汽车。根据上文第1题和第5题的分析可知，他钱花光了，所以此处指撒谎说“钱包”丢了。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查介词和短语辨析。句意：服务员，同时也是老板，走在那个年轻人坐的椅子后面。A. behind在……后面；B. in front of在……前面；C. before在……之前；D. under在……下面。分析句意再根据the chair可知，此处指走到椅子“后面”符合语境。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：他弯下腰，捡起一张看上去像是掉在地上的20美元钞票，说：“孩子，你一定是把它掉在地上了。”A. took out拿出；B. picked out挑选出；C. took up从事、占据；D. picked up捡起。分析句意再根据下文的“a $20 bill”可知，此处指“捡起”钞票。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意同上。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. as well也；D. even so尽管如此。分析句意再根据上文的“looked”可知，此处指钞票“看起来好像”落在地上。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同8小题。A. placed放置；B. put放；C. dropped掉落；D. removed移开。分析句意再根据上文fallen可知，此处是指老板对年轻人说这钞票一定是他把钞票“掉落”了。且下文“Maybe nobody dropped the money ”也是提示。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人简直不敢相信自己的运气!A. luck运气；B. word话语；C. promise承诺；D. action行动。根据上文第10题的分析可知，老板认为20美元是年轻人掉落的，年轻人有了钱付早餐费，所以他不敢相信自己的“运气”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很快付了早餐的钱，留了小费，用找零买了汽油，然后向西部驶去。A. message消息；B. signal信号；C. mark标志；D. tip小费。分析句意再根据left可知，此处指付款后留下“小费”符合常理。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：在出城的路上，他开始明白这个家伙在做什么。A. what什么，……的事情；B. how如何；C. where哪里；D. when何时。分析句式结构可知，此处是宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以用连接代词what来引导。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：也许根本没人把钱掉在地上。A. after all毕竟；B. above all首先；C. in all总共；D. at all根本、全然。分析句意再根据“nobody”可知，此处指“根本”没有人掉钱。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：“也许那个家伙只是知道我有困难，他用一种不让我尴尬的方式帮助了我。所以我只是承诺，如果可以的话，我会帮助别人。”A. in danger在危险中；B. in peace和平地；C. in trouble处于困难中；D. in charge主管、负责。根据上文第1题分析可知，年轻男子没钱了，所以此处指知道他“处于困难中”。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise使惊讶；B. embarrass使尴尬；C. impress使印象深刻；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文第10题的分析可知，老板假装钱是年轻男子掉的是为了在不让他感到尴尬的情况下帮他。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同15小题。A. plan计划；B. choice选择；C. promise承诺；D. dream梦想。根据下文的“to help others”和最后一段他捐钱给别人可知，此处指做出“承诺”帮助别人。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，他非常努力地工作，成了一个富有的人。A. famous著名的；B. rich富有的；C. lucky幸运的；D. important重要的。根据下文“he personally hands money out to those on the streets and at restaurants(他亲自把钱分发给街上和餐馆里的人)”可知，此处是指他变成了一个“富有的”人。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：每年他都会捐出数千美元。A. gives up放弃；B. sends out发送；C. puts away收起；D. gives away分发、捐赠。根据下文“he gave more than $50, 000 away in Kansas City.(他堪萨斯城捐出了5万多美元。)”可知，此处指他每年“捐赠”数千美元。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“神秘的圣诞老人”，因为在每年的圣诞节期间，他亲自向街上和餐馆里的人们分发钱。A. breakfast早餐；B. Christmas圣诞节；C. church教堂；D. New Year’s新年的。根据上文“He is known as the “Secret Santa”(他被称为“神秘的圣诞老人”)”可知，此处指“圣诞节”期间。故选B项。
三、阅读理解(本题共20分，每小题1分)
(A)
East Corner Wonton, 70 East Broadway, (212) 343-9896
If you come too late, they may have run out of roast duck and chicken, but you can always count on fresh supplies of egg or rice noodles, and shrimp and pork-filled dumplings.
Evergreen, 63 Matt St. , (212) 571-3339
Shanghai-style rice dishes, hot and sour soup, chicken with peanuts, and eggplant or cucumber ($5.95) won’t break the bank at this often-crowded always-reliable place.
Sheng Wang 27 Eldridge St. , nr. Canal St,(212) 925—0805
The pulled noodles are made fresh as we watch and put into boiling water. They have a new noodle man here and he’s really good.
Joe’s Shanghai, 9 Pell St. , 732-6973
Strangers seated together share one goal - feasting on tasty soup dumplings (8 for $4.25), fresh vegetables and whole yellow fish (the Chinese believe fish, cooked whole, means richness).
Hunan Garden, 1 Mott St. (across from Chatham Square), 732-7270
Have a New Year’s menu and enjoy the dancing lions.
Sweet n’Tart, 20 Mott St. (between Chatham Square and Pell St.), 964-0380
Have a Chinese New Year menu with a multi-course dinner for $25 per person.
41. Which of the following is wrong?
A. You can order soup dumplings in Joe’s Shanghai. B. Fish is cooked whole to save trouble.
C. Roast duck sells well. D. Chicken is served with peanuts in Evergreen.
42. The underlined phrase “break the bank” means ______.
A. be served round the clock B. cost too much
C. be charged in cash D. satisfy everyone
43. If you want to enjoy both Chinese New Year food and the performance, you can go to ______ .
A. 1 Mott St. B. 20 Mott St. C. 63 Matt St D. 70 East Broadway
44. In which restaurant can you enjoy different dishes while the bill is paid by the number of people?
A. Evergreen B. Joe’s Shanghai C. Sweet n’ Tart D. Sheng Wang
45. Where is the passage probably taken from?
A. A text book B. A science report C. A story book D. A newspaper
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五家餐厅的情况，包括菜品、地址和联系方式等信息。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Joe’s Shanghai, 9 Pell St. , 732-6973部分中“Strangers seated together share one goal - feasting on tasty soup dumplings (8 for $4.25), fresh vegetables and whole yellow fish (the Chinese believe fish, cooked whole, means richness).(坐在一起的陌生人有一个共同的目标——享用美味的汤圆（8个，4.25美元）、新鲜蔬菜和整条黄鱼（中国人认为整条鱼煮熟意味着富裕）)”可知，B选项“鱼是整条煮熟的，省事”错误。故选B。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Shanghai-style rice dishes, hot and sour soup, chicken with peanuts, and eggplant or cucumber ($5.95)”以及后文“at this often-crowded always-reliable place”可知，这家餐厅是个经常人满为患但却很可靠的地方，根据他们食物的价格5.95美元可知，不会花费太多。故划线短语意思是“花费太多”。故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hunan Garden, 1 Mott St. (across from Chatham Square), 732-7270部分中“Have a New Year’s menu and enjoy the dancing lions.(吃新年菜，欣赏舞狮表演)”可知，如果你想既享受中国新年食物又享受表演，你可以去1 Mott St.。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sweet n’Tart, 20 Mott St. (between Chatham Square and Pell St.), 964-0380部分中“Have a Chinese New Year menu with a multi-course dinner for $25 per person.(点一份中国新年菜单，包括多道菜的晚餐，每人25美元)”可知，在Sweet n’ Tart，你可以享受到不同的菜肴，而账单是按人付的。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要介绍了五家餐厅的情况，包括菜品、地址和联系方式等信息。可推知，这篇文章选自报纸。故选D。
(B)
Sometimes children do not do what their parents tall them to do. When this happens, a parent tries to help the child to do the right thing. When this does not work, the parent usually punishes the child.
There are many things that a parent can do. One thing that people have done is to spank the child. When a parent spanks a child, they will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom. This is meant to show the child that they have done something wrong.
One parent remembers being spanked when he was a child. His parents used a wooden spoon. When he spanked his own children with his hand, he saw that he put a red mark on his child’s leg. He never did that again.
One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.
Many parents are not sure of what to do instead of spanking. Some people think that their religion(宗教)tells them that spanking is okay. Some think that the law lets them do it. The courts(法院)say that parents have the right to teach their children how to behave.
Other things should be tried before a parent decides to spank a child. Telling the child exactly what is expected of them can be one thing. Giving a child more than one choice is another thing that can be tried. Getting down to the child’s level and taking a more child-friendly approach (方法) can help as well.
46. According to the passage, when children do something wrong, one thing that parents usually do to punish them is to ______.
A. strike them on the bottom B. try to help them do the right thing
C. teach them what to do D. take them to court
47. What does the word “spank” mean?
A. 打屁股 B. 下跪 C. 罚站 D. 打手心
48. Which of the following is NOT the problem caused by spanking?
A. It teaches the child to hit others when they are angry.
B. The parent may get angry and hit the child too hard.
C. Sometimes parents may use spanking for everything.
D. It makes parents try other ways to make the child do right.
49. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s attitude towards spanking?
A. Favorable B. Indifferent(不关心) C. Interested D. Unfavorable
50. From this passage, we know that ______.
A. good children always do the right thing
B. parents should try their best to avoid(避免)spanking their children
C. parents have no choice but to spank their children when they do something wrong
D. children can have more than one choice to avoid being spanked
【答案】46. A 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了父母采用打屁股的方法来惩罚不听话的小孩这一教育方式以及打孩子屁股会造成的问题，进而建议父母可以采用其他方法教育孩子。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“There are many things that a parent can do. One thing that people have done is to spank the child. When a parent spanks a child, they will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom. This is meant to show the child that they have done something wrong.(父母可以做很多事情。人们做的一件事就是打孩子的屁股。当父母打孩子的屁股时，他们会用手或硬物打孩子的屁股。这是为了让孩子知道他们做错了什么)”可知，当孩子做错事时，父母通常会做的一件事就是打他们的屁股。故选A。
【47题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom.(他们会用手或硬物打孩子的屁股)”可知，父母会用手或者硬物打孩子的屁股，bottom表示“屁股（口语）”。故划线词意思是“打屁股”。故选A。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.(打屁股的一个问题是，它教会孩子在不喜欢别人的行为时打别人。打屁股的另一个问题是，父母通常很生气，可能会打得太狠。有时父母会用打屁股来对付所有的事情，而不是尝试其他方法让孩子做正确的事情)”可知，D选项“它使父母尝试其他方法让孩子做正确的事”不是由打屁股引起的问题。故选D。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Other things should be tried before a parent decides to spank a child. Telling the child exactly what is expected of them can be one thing. Giving a child more than one choice is another thing that can be tried. Getting down to the child’s level and taking a more child-friendly approach (方法) can help as well.(在父母决定打孩子之前，应该尝试其他方法。告诉孩子确切的期望是一回事。给孩子不止一种选择是另一种可以尝试的方法。站在孩子的角度，采取对孩子更友好的方法也会有所帮助)”结合上文提到了打屁股会引发问题，可推知，作者不支持打屁股这种教育方式。故选D。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.(打屁股的一个问题是，它教会孩子在不喜欢别人的行为时打别人。打屁股的另一个问题是，父母通常很生气，可能会打得太狠。有时父母会用打屁股来对付所有的事情，而不是尝试其他方法让孩子做正确的事情)”可知用打屁股的方法并不能真正地教育孩子，反而有很多的弊端，从而推断出父母应尽量避免使用打屁股这种教育方式。故选B。
(C)
You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator(电梯)ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette(礼仪)is sort of strange,” Gray told the BBC. “Elevators are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want-it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally(对角线地)across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
Newcomers to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple-look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts?
“You don’t have enough space.” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed(理解)as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact, ”she said.
51. Why is Lee Gray known as the “Elevator Guy”?
A. Because his business is to sell the elevator to people.
B. Because he is the inventor of the elevator.
C. Because he has made it his research to examine the elevator.
D. Because he has overlooked this form of public transport.
52. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually ______.
A. turn around and greet one another
B. look around or examine their phone
C. make eye contact with those in the elevator
D. try to keep a distance from other people
53. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?
The point in the chart refers to one person.
A. B. C. D.
54. The underlined phrase “size up” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. judge B. ignore C. put up with D. make the best of
55. According to the article people feel awkward in lifts because of ______.
A. someone’s odd behaviors B. the lack of space
C. their unfamiliarity with one another D. their eye contact with one another
【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国北卡罗来纳大学的Lee Gray博士研究电梯社交动态的情况。他观察到人们在电梯里会根据人数自动形成一定的动作模式，而电梯空间的局促会让人们感到尴尬，需要避免威胁或奇怪的行为。此外，文章还介绍了电梯使用者的行为规范和心理原因。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.(我们中的许多人在一天中不知不觉地乘了好几次电梯。)”以及“But Lee Gray, PhD of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. (但是，美国北卡罗来纳大学的李·格雷博士研究了这种被忽视的公共交通方式。)”可知，他之所以被称作是“电梯伙计”是因为，李·格雷博士研究了这种被忽视的公共交通方式——乘坐电梯。故选C。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. (我们走进去，通常转身面对门。如果有人进来，我们可能就得移动了。)”可知，当人们进入电梯的时候，他们经常与别人保持距离。故选D。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally(对角线地)across from each other to create distance.(如果有两个人，你们走到不同的角落，彼此对角线站着，以创造距离。)”以及第六段中“When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.(当第三个人进来时，你们会不自觉地形成一个三角形。当有第四个人的时候，它变成了一个正方形，每个角落都有人。第五个人可能会站在中间。)”可知，当电梯中有两个人的时候，彼此会对角线站着，但如果出现第四个人的时候，电梯内部就会变成一个正方形，当有第五个人出现的时候，他会站在中间。故选C。
【54题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“when the doors slide open and then act decisively.(当门滑开，然后果断行动。)”以及后文的“Once in, for most people the rule is simple-look down, or look at your phone.(一旦进入，对大多数人来说规则很简单——低头看，或者看你的手机。)”可知，对大多数人来说当进入到电梯的时候，他们会通过低头看或者看手机的方式来评估周围的情况，由此划线词与A选项为同义词，意为“判断，评估”。故选A。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““You don’t have enough space.” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”(“你没有足够的空间。”柏林自由大学的临床心理学家Babette Renneberg教授告诉BBC。“通常，当我们遇到其他人时，我们之间的距离大约是一臂之遥。这在大多数电梯里是不可能的。”)”可知，人们之所以进入电梯中感觉到尴尬是因为通常，当我们遇到其他人时，我们之间的距离大约是一臂之遥。但是在电梯中缺乏足够的空间，由此人们感到尴尬。故选B。
(D)
从A-G选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全文章。(选项中有两项是多余的)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中由两项为多余选项。
___________________56___________________
When we speak of a basic human need we mean something necessary to life, something we cannot do without. Food is a basic human need. Without it we would starve to death. Whether in primitive(原始的)countries or in more advanced societies, man’s food needs are the same. ___57___
But primitive people eat only the food which can be grown near their homes, whereas people in more advanced societies eat food which is often grown many thousands of miles away from their homes. Primitive people are satisfied with less kinds of food, therefore we can say people’s wants are different although their needs are the same.
___58___ Clothing is necessary to regulate (调节) the heat of our bodies. In different climates and in different seasons we need more or less clothes. We also dress differently for other reasons. ___59___
Shelter, the third of our needs, depends on climate, the skill of the builders, one’s social position, and the material which can be used. ___60___ The three-bed-roomed house of the average family would not be grand enough for a very rich family, but a modern house with many of the material comforts were denied to the kings and queens in the past.
A. Food, Clothing and Shelter.
B. Human Needs
C. We always change our style of clothing for different occasions, such as work, sports, parties.
D. We all need food to live a healthy life.
E. We want to live comfortably .
F. The simple shelter of the primitive people would not do for us, and yet it satisfied their needs.
G. The same is true of the second of human needs.
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. G 59. C 60. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的三大需求——食物，衣服和住房。
【56题详解】
此处是本文标题，空后“When we speak of a basic human need we mean something necessary to life, something we cannot do without.(当我们谈到人类的基本需求时，我们指的是生活中必不可少的东西，一些我们离不开的东西。)”可知，这篇文章讲的是人的需求，B项“人类的需求”能概括本文。故选B。
【57题详解】
从前面的“Food is a basic human need. Without it we would starve to death. Whether in primitive(原始的)countries or in more advanced societies, man’s food needs are the same.(食物是人类的基本需求。没有它，我们会饿死的。无论是在原始国家还是在更先进的社会，人类的食物需求是相同的。)”可知人需要食物生存，D项“我们都需要食物来过健康的生活。”符合，承接上文。故选D。
【58题详解】
上文介绍了食物是人的第一个需求，从后面的句子“Clothing is necessary to regulate (调节) the heat of our bodies.(衣服是调节我们身体热量所必需的。)”和最后一段“Shelter, the third of our needs, depends on climate, the skill of the builders, one’s social position, and the material which can be used. (住房是我们的第三大需求，它取决于气候、建筑工人的技能、人们的社会地位以及可以使用的材料。)”可知，此处介绍了人类第二个需求——衣服。G项“第二个人类需求也是如此。”符合，故选G。
【59题详解】
空前“We also dress differently for other reasons.(我们会因为不同原因穿的不同)”指出们会因为不同原因穿的不同，空处承接上文，继续对此介绍，C项“我们总是为不同的场合改变着装风格，比如工作、运动、聚会。”符合，故选C。
【60题详解】
根据空前“Shelter, the third of our needs, depends on climate, the skill of the builders, one’s social position, and the material which can be used.(住房是我们的第三大需求，它取决于气候、建筑工人的技能、人们的社会地位以及可以使用的材料。)”可知，本段介绍了人们的住房需求取决于气候、建筑工人的技能、人们的社会地位以及可以使用的材料，空后“The three-bed-roomed house of the average family would not be grand enough for a very rich family, but a modern house with many of the material comforts were denied to the kings and queens in the past.(对于一个非常富有的家庭来说，普通家庭的三室一厅的房子不够大，但是在过去，拥有许多物质享受的现代房子是国王和王后所不能拥有的。)”具体介绍了住房取决于一些因素，空处也应是对此进行具体介绍。F项“原始人的简陋住所不能满足我们的需要，但却满足了他们的需要。”符合，故选F。
第Ⅱ卷
四、交际应用：填入一个适当的词补全对话，每空一词(本题共10分，每空1分)
填入一个适当的词补全对话，每空一词
Franklin: Why do we have to walk to the station? And where is it?
Brown:____61____is just down that road, I think.
Franklin: Look! There’s a policeman! Ask ____62____ about the way.
Brown: All right. I will.
Franklin: So,____63____ did he say?
Brown: Well, we have to walk down this road and take the first turning ____64____ the left. Then walk ____65____ we come to the ____66____ and…
Franklin: The river?
Brown: Yes. It’s over there, and there’s a bridge. We will see some road signs on it,____67____ will tell us the way.
Franklin:____68____ long does it take us to walk there?
Brown:____69____ we walk quickly, about fifteen minutes.
Franklin: Fifteen minutes! We may be late for the train. I think we ought to take a taxi ____70____ of walking.
Brown: All right.
【答案】61. It 62. him
63. what 64. on
65. until 66. river
67. which 68. How 69. If
70. instead
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇对话填空。对话内容主要是富兰克林和布朗两人就如何去车站进行了讨论。
【61题详解】
考查代词。句意：我想就在那条路上。分析句意可知，此处用代词it作主语指代上文提到the station，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填It。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：向他问路。分析句意再根据上文policeman可知，此处用宾格him做宾语。故填him。
【63题详解】
考查疑问代词。句意：那么，他说了什么?分析句意可知，此处特殊疑问词what来引导特殊疑问句，表示说了“什么”。故填what。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：嗯，我们必须沿着这条路走，在第一个拐弯处向左拐。分析句意再根据left可知，此处用介词on构成固定搭配on the left表示“在左边”。故填on。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：然后我们走到河边，然后……。分析句意可知，此处用连词until引导时间状语从句表示“直到……”故填until。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据下文The river?可知，此处用river指走到“河边”。故填river。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们会在上面看到一些路标，告诉我们怎么走。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，因为先行词 road signs指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
【68题详解】
考查疑问副词。句意：我们走到那里要花多长时间?分析句意再根据空格后的long可知，此处用how long来提问“多长时间”符合语境，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填How。
【69题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果我们走得快，大约十五分钟。分析句式结构可知，此处用if来引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填If。
【70题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我认为我们应该乘出租车而不是步行。分析句意再根据空格后的of可知，此处用固定短语instead of表示“而不是”步行。故填instead。
五、任务性阅读(本题共10分，每小题1分)
阅读短文，用方框中所给词语或短语的正确形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。（每空只能填一个单词或一个短语，每个单词或短语限用一次）
look back, decide, compete, one, scare, pride, sit, kid, quick, short
A group of boys stood around a tree. “What a tall tree!” they said to each other, “It would be exciting to climb to the top.”
The group of boys made a ____71____ to play a game to see who could climb to the top of the tree fastest. Their mothers were ____72____ not far away, looking at their kids as they played.
One of the ____73____ was David. He was the ____74____ boy in the group. Nobody thought he would win the ____75____.
Then the game started. All of the boys tried to climb as high as they could. Although the others climbed faster than David at ____76____, he reached the top of the tree fastest in the end.
His mother was ____77____ to see this. She asked, “David, how did you reach the top of the tree so ____78____?”
“It was easy.” David said. “The other kids kept looking down as they climbed. When they realized how high they were, they got ____79____ and were afraid of looking down. However, I looked only up. When I saw how close I was, I kept going higher and higher until I reached the top.
It is true in life that if we just keep going forward without _____80_____, we are more likely to reach our goals.
【答案】71. decision
72. sitting
73. kids 74. shortest
75. competition
76. first 77. proud
78. quickly
79. scared 80. looking back
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个身高最矮的男孩在爬树比赛中获得了冠军的故事，告诉我们在追求理想的过程中要一直前进，不要因为恐惧而回头。
【71题详解】
考查名词。句意：那群男孩决定玩一个游戏，看看谁能最快爬到树顶。根据句意可知，男孩们想要看看谁能最快爬到树顶，由此可知，他们决定玩一个游戏，“made”为动词，空格处应用“decide”对应的名词“decision”，意为“决定”，作宾语，根据空格前“a”可知，应用“decision”的单数形式。故填decision。
【72题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：他们的母亲坐在不远处，看着孩子们玩耍。根据句意可知，他们的母亲看着孩子们玩耍，由此可知，她们正坐在不远处，空格处涉及单词“sit”，意为“坐”，动词词性，句中陈述的是过去某一时间正在发生的事，为过去进行时，空格处应用“sit”的现在分词“sitting”。故填sitting。
【73题详解】
考查名词。句意：其中一个孩子叫大卫。根据上文内容可知，一群男孩站在一棵树周围，由此可知，其中一个孩子叫大卫，空格处涉及单词“kid”，意为“孩子”，为可数名词，“One of the+可数名词复数”意为“……之一”，故空格处应用“kid”的复数形式“kids”，作宾语。故填kids。
【74题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：他是这群孩子中最矮的男孩。根据下文内容可知，没有人认为大卫会赢得比赛，由此可知，他是男孩中最矮的，所以大家不看好他，空格处应用“short”的最高级“shortest”，作定语。故填shortest。
【75题详解】
考查名词。句意：没人想到他会赢得比赛。根据上文内容可知，男孩们想看看谁能最快爬到树顶，由此可知，他们在进行一项比赛，空格处应用“compete”对应的名词“competition”，意为“比赛”，根据空格前定冠词“the”可知，应用“competition”的单数形式，特指这场爬树比赛，作宾语。故填competition。
【76题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管其他人一开始爬得比大卫快，但他最后以最快的速度到达了树顶。根据句意可知，其他人一开始爬得比大卫快，句中涉及固定短语“at first”，意为“起初，一开始”，故空格处应用“first”。故填first。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他的母亲看到这件事很自豪。根据上文内容可知，大卫最后以最快的速度到达了树顶，由此可知，他的母亲很自豪，空格处应用“pride”对应的形容词“proud”，意为“骄傲的，自豪的”，作表语，修饰人。故填proud。
【78题详解】
考查副词。句意：她问：“大卫，你怎么这么快就到了树顶？”根据上文内容可知，大卫以最快的速度到达了树顶，由此可知，母亲问他怎么这么快就到了树顶，“reach”为动词，空格处应用“quick”对应的副词“quickly”，意为“迅速地”，作状语。故填quickly。
【79题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他们意识到自己有多高时，他们感到害怕，害怕往下看。根据句意可知，他们害怕往下看，由此可知，因为爬得太高，他们感到害怕，“they”代指人，空格处应用“scare”对应的形容词“scared”，意为“害怕的”，作表语，修饰人。故填scared。
【80题详解】
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：的确，在生活中，如果我们一直前进而不回头，我们更有可能实现我们的目标。根据句意可知，我们要一直前进，由此可知，我们不要回头看，句中涉及固定短语“look back”，意为“回头看”，“without”为介词，故空格处应用动名词“looking back”作宾语。故填looking back。
六、书面表达(本题共20分)
81. 假如你是李明，刚刚考入某高中，请根据下列提示给好友韩梅写封信，介绍你的新学校，并说说你是如何与新同学融洽相处的。
写作要点：
1. 表达你对好友的思念之情。
2. 介绍新学校的情况；
3. 说说你是如何与新同学融洽相处的。
写作要求：
1. 不得使用真实的姓名，学校名；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。
4. 至少100词。
Dear Han Mei,
How are you doing?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ming
【答案】 Hello, Hanmei. It’s been several months since I last saw you. I miss you very much. I am writing this letter to tell you about the new high school that I just entered.
My school is very beautiful because it is located at the foot of the mountain. We have a very tall teaching building, and it is large and bright. In addition to the teaching building, our school is also equipped with various functional buildings, such as the experimental building, art building, and so on. The campus environment is also very beautiful, with green trees and red flowers everywhere. I really like my school.
In this beautiful school, there is a group of cute and friendly students. I made many good friends and we get along very well. Hope to see you again.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友写信介绍自己的新学校。
【详解】1.词汇积累
美丽的：beautiful→pretty
坐落于：be located at→be situated at
除了：in addition to →besides
喜欢：like→be fond of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We have a very tall teaching building, and it is large and bright.
拓展句：We have a very tall teaching building, which is large and bright.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing this letter to tell you about the new high school that I just entered.（运用了that引导的限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 My school is very beautiful because it is located at the foot of the mountain. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句）