精品解析：湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共22页。

雅礼中学2023年上学期期末考试试卷
高二 英语
时量：120分钟 分值：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
2. What are the speakers doing?
A. Driving a car. B. Crossing the street. C. Riding a bus.
3. What is the woman's coat probably made from?
A. Man-made material. B. Wool. C. Cotton.
4. How long will it take to get to the dentist by bus?
A. 5 minutes. B.10 minutes. C. 25 minutes.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A TV remote control. B.Clothing buttons. C. A TV channel.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place？
A. In the woman's office. B. In the man's house. C. In a warehouse.
7. What will the woman be doing?
A. Cleaning. B. Organizing shelves. C. Recording the data.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man's opinion of his sewing class?
A. He thinks it's a waste of time.
B. He thinks it builds character.
C. He thinks everyone should learn it.
9. What did the woman choose for her project?
A. A neck pillow. B. A stuffed toy. C. A purse.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What was life on the nearby planet like according to the man?
A. Animals. B. Cells. C. Plants.
11. When does the woman think other planets will communicate with us probably?
A. In 25 years. B. In 50 years. C. In 100 years.
12. How does the man think we will hear from other planets?
A. By rockets. B. By computers. C. By telescopes.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What was the man probably doing at the beginning?
A. Reading a magazine. B. Watching a TV show. C. Doing some cleaning.
14. When did the woman first use AI today?
A. When she drove her car.
B. When she woke up with her alarm.
C. When she bought some things on the Internet.
15. What did the man's parents just get?
A. A new car with special cameras.
B A piece of cleaning equipment.
C.A smart watch.
16. How does the woman react to the Roomba in the end?
A. She is uninterested. B. She is amused. C. She is amazed.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What caused the holes to form?
A. Humans. B. A volcano eruption. C. Global warming.
18. When does the lake begin to fill?
A. In the spring. B. In the summer. C. In the fall.
19. What happens to the water?
A. It disappears forever.
B. It floods the highways.
C. It appears in the valley below again.
20. What do we know from the talk？
A. Experts think it's better not to fill the holes．
B. “Lost Lake” is formed due to global warming．
C. The state of Oregon is famous for dead volcanoes．
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
VOLUNTARY STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
There are over 600 different Voluntary Student Organizations (VSOs) at Stanford. VSOs are those organizations in which membership is both open and limited to current Stanford students, and whose purposes and procedures are consistent with the goals and standards of the University. Students make all organizational decisions. In order to use the Stanford name, or to receive funding, all voluntary student organizations must register with the University through the Office of Stanford Events.
As a condition of registration, each voluntary student organization must file and have approved each of the following:
● A statement (声明) of purpose and organizational constitution.
● A statement about membership qualifications.
● Clear procedures for officer elections.
● Identification of the authorized representatives of the group.
If a voluntary student organization seeks to use University facilities for meetings open to more than its own members, such meetings shall be subject to the regulations of the Committee on Public Events . All organization events held in University facilities must receive event approval from the Office of Student Activities. No student group may use University space or facilities or receive other University support for purposes of supporting candidates for public office. Groups may use public places such as White Plaza for speeches and similar activities held by the Student Committee; may have periodic use of on-campus meeting rooms; and may request to reserve auditoriums (礼堂) for public events as long as all University guidelines are followed.
1. Who can register for a VSO at Stanford?
A. A college candidate. B. A Stanford graduate.
C. A voluntary student. D. A current Stanford student.
2. What material does a VSO need to hand in?
A. A business certificate. B. A description of its members.
C. A distinct procedure of electing officers. D. An introduction to the representatives.
3. Which department can approve the events of a VSO?
A. The Student Committee. B. The Office of Student Activities.
C. The Office of Stanford Events. D. The Committee on Public Events.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的志愿学生组织。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“VSOs are those organizations in which membership is both open and limited to current Stanford students, and whose purposes and procedures are consistent with the goals and standards of the University. （VSOs是一种组织，其成员资格是开放的，仅限于斯坦福大学的在校学生，其宗旨和程序与斯坦福大学的目标和标准一致。）”可知，斯坦福大学在校生可以申请注册（A current Stanford student.）。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三小点“Clear procedures for officer elections.（成员选举程序明确。）”可知，明确的成员选举程序是志愿组织需要提交的。选项C“选举成员的独特程序。”与文意相符。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“VSOs are those organizations in which membership is both open and limited to current Stanford students (VSOs是一种组织，其成员资格是开放的，仅限于斯坦福大学的在校学生)”以及最后一段第二句“All organization events held in University facilities must receive event approval from the Office of Student Activities.（所有在大学举办的组织活动必须得到学生活动办公室的批准。）”可知，学生活动办公室可以批准学生志愿组织的活动，且VSOs是指会员资格开放且仅限于当前斯坦福大学学生的组织，所以斯坦福活动办公室可以批准学生志愿组织的活动。故选C项。
B
I look forward to my half hour train ride to work every morning. I can look out of the window as it twists and turns itself through neighborhoods with the sun casting its strong lighting on the floor of the train car. I sometimes get lost in thought while following the light. But the reason I love this ride is that it’s a reminder of how neighborhoods can change from block to block.
For almost a year now I have been riding this train as I head into the office where I work as a reporter for a local magazine. I am one of 13 journalists who help report community news in areas that are often forgotten. And for me, that means covering areas like the one I grew up in.
Last week, as I was on the way to my office, I started wondering how neighborhoods have changed since the 2008 housing crisis. I searched addresses on the city’s southwest side, a neighborhood that has seen a significant number of residential homes pulled down, I scanned the street views recorded on my phone and saw how the neighborhood looked in 2007. Then I set out to visit the city block, and that’s when I met 3-year-old Harmony.
Harmony loved collecting rocks for me to hold as I walked down the street with her mother, Marquita. I already knew what the neighborhood looked like in the past, but Marquita shared more details of the people who once lived on her block, who were really friendly to each other. However, people today in the neighborhood are busy with life and seldom say hello to each other. Marquita has lived on this block her entire life, and Harmony has for most of her short life as well. But the neighborhood that Marquita grew up in will be one obviously different than the one Harmony will grow to know.
In the end, they smiled at my camera. And then I got back on the train and headed’back to the office to tell their stories.
4. What makes the author love his train ride to work?
A. Being lost in thought.
B. Admiring the outside views.
C. Enjoying the warm sunshine.
D. Knowing the change of blocks.
5. How did the author find out what the city’s southwest side looked like in the past?
A. By reading earlier reports.
B. By interviewing local people.
C. By watching past street views.
D. By searching his memories.
6. How might Marquita feel when she talked with the author?
A. Sad. B. Nervous.
C. Touched. D. Confused.
7. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To share a pleasant train ride with us.
B. To tell us the work of a news reporter.
C. To show us a crowded community.
D. To introduce a new neighborhood.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者作为一名新闻工作者的日常所见、所思、所想，以及工作日常。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But the reason I love this ride is that it’s a reminder of how neighborhoods can change from block to block.(但我喜欢这段旅程的原因是它提醒了我街区之间是如何变化的)”可知，作者喜欢坐火车去上班是因为可以了解街区的变化。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“I searched addresses on the city’s southwest side, a neighborhood that has seen a significant number of residential homes pulled down, I scanned the street views recorded on my phone and saw how the neighborhood looked in 2007.(我搜索了纽约市西南侧的地址，那里有大量住宅被拆除，我浏览了手机上记录的街景，看看这个社区2007年的样子)”可知，作者是通过查看过去的街景才发现城市的西南侧在过去是什么样子的。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段二、三句“I already knew what the neighborhood looked like in the past, but Marquita shared more details of the people who once lived on her block, who were really friendly to each other. However, people today in the neighborhood are busy with life and seldom say hello to each other.(我已经知道这个社区过去的样子，但玛姬塔分享了更多曾经住在她那个街区的人的细节，他们彼此都很友好。然而，今天附近的人都忙于生活，很少互相打招呼)”可知，现在的街区已与玛姬塔当年生活的样子不同，现在的人很少互相打招呼。由此推知，如果玛姬塔与作者交谈，她应该是感到难过的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“For almost a year now I have been riding this train as I head into the office where I work as a reporter for a local magazine.(近一年来，我一直乘坐这列火车前往我为当地一家杂志工作的办公室)”以及最后一段“In the end, they smiled at my camera. And then I got back on the train and headed back to the office to tell their stories.(最后，他们对着我的相机笑了。然后我回到火车上，回到办公室，讲述他们的故事)”可推知，本文的主要目的是为了介绍作者作为一名记者的日常工作。故选B项。
C
As one of the most momentous languages in the world, Latin had humble beginnings. It originated along the Tiber River in Italy and only a handful of people spoke the language. Over time, Latin became more distinguished as Romans procured political power. Many famous literary texts and scientific classifications were written in Latin. Even though knowing Latin indicated a person was educated, according to Britannica, in the 20th century far fewer people learned Latin”, leading it to be classified as a "dead” language.
There are around 7, 000 living languages in the world, but, according to Britannica, “more than half are at risk of dying out by the end of the 21st century”. Civilizations evolve over time and so do languages. More often than not, a language dies because everyone who speaks the language dies. For example, Marie Smith Jones, perhaps the last native speaker of the Alaskan Eyak language, died at the age of 89 in 2008, and so did the language. Now, fewer and fewer people speak Latin, which raises public's awareness about its preservation.
Actually, there are many other reasons in respect of why Latin should be preserved or taught. “It is a window into an engaging ancient civilization, and studying an ancient civilization teaches us to respect different points of view and unfamiliar cultural practices," says Kathleen Coleman, James Loeb Professor of Harvard University.
Since it isn't used in ordinary conversations, there are a lot of difficulties that arise from teaching Latin. Teaching a 'dead' language is distinct from teaching other languages, explains Coleman, “because there are no native speakers to demonstrate us how it sounds or answer questions about the meanings of words or justify idioms. While it's tough, we still can find the answers to our questions from the fragmentary evidence available in written texts.”
8. What can we learn about Latin from Paragraph 1?
A. Latin was well-known since its birth.
B Only educated people learned Latin in the past.
C. Latin was not favored by scientists and writers.
D. All people didn't learn Latin in the 20th century.
9. The author mentions Marie Smith Jones in Paragraph 2 to show.
A Latin is going to be a "dead” language.
B. what it really means when a language dies.
C. why people should be aware of protecting languages.
D. he is the last native speaker of the Alaskan Eyak language.
10. Why should people learn Latin according to Coleman?
A. To show unfamiliar practices.
B. To respect others' opinions.
C. To learn about an ancient society.
D. To protect a "dead” language.
11. What will the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The learning materials.
B. The development of Latin.
C. The learning methods.
D. The difficulties in learning Latin.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉丁语的日渐消亡的原因以及被教授或者保护拉丁语所面临的问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Even though knowing Latin indicated a person was educated, according to Britannica, in the 20th century far fewer people learned Latin”, leading it to be classified as a "dead” language.（根据《大英百科全书》，即使懂拉丁语意味着一个人受过教育，但在20世纪学习拉丁语的人要少得多”，导致拉丁语被归类为“消失”语言。）可知，在20世纪，并非所有人都学拉丁语。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“For example, Marie Smith Jones, perhaps the last native speaker of the Alaskan Eyak language, died at the age of 89 in 2008, and so did the language. ”（例如，阿拉斯加埃亚克语的最后一位母语使用者玛丽·史密斯·琼斯于2008年去世，享年89岁。埃亚克语也是如此。）可知，文中提到Marie Smith Jones是为了说明第三句“More often than not, a language dies because everyone who speaks the language dies. ”（通常情况下，一种语言的消亡是因为说这种语言的人都死了。）所以作者在第二段提到玛丽·史密斯·琼斯来说明，当一种语言消亡时，它意味着什么。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It is a window into an engaging ancient civilization, and studying an ancient civilization teaches us to respect different points of view and unfamiliar cultural practices”（它是一个通向迷人的古代文明的窗口，研究一个古代文明教会我们尊重不同的观点和陌生的文化习俗）可知，人们学习拉丁语是为了了解古代社会。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“While it's tough, we still can find the answers to our questions from the fragmentary evidence available in written texts.”（虽然很难，但我们仍然可以从书面文本中获得的零碎证据中找到问题的答案。）可知，接下来文章要讨论在书面文本中获得的学习材料。故选A。
D
Ever since the 1960s, seismologist（地震学家）on multiple continents have detected a mysterious pulse that every 26 seconds. But in the last 60 years no one has been able to figure out what this sound actually is.
The “heartbeat of the Earth” was first recorded in 1962, by John Oliver, a researcher at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University. Then, in 1980, Gary Holcomb a geologist with the U. S. Geological Survey, also discovered the mysterious pulse. But for some reason, the two researchers' discoveries remained virtually unknown for over two decades, until a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder once again detected the "heartbeat" and decided to look into it.
Mike Ritzwoller, a seismologist at the University of Colorado, did a lot of work with his colleague, but they were never able to explain what it actually was.
One theory claims that it's caused by waves, while another states that it's due to volcanic activity. The wave theory dates back to 2011, when Garrett Euler, a graduate student at Washington University in St. Louis, tied the origin of the pulse to a part of the Gulf of Guinea called the Bight of Bonny. According to him, when waves hit the continental shelf, the pressure deforms the ocean floor, causing pulses that reflect the wave pattern. Euler's theory was believable, but not everyone was convinced by it. In 2013, Yingjie Xia, a researcher from the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics in Wuhan, China, suggested that the source of the 26-second pulse was volcanic activity. His theory made sense as well. But neither of the two theories fully explain the pulse.
Why does the 26-second pulse only occur in the Bight of Bonny? Waves hit coastlines all over the world, and there are plenty of other regions with seismic activity, so what is so special about this place? Well, that's one question that no one has ever answered. And it's not just that it's a tough puzzle to solve, but also that seismologists don't really seem interested in it.
12. What can be inferred about the “heartbeat of the Earth” from the passage?
A. Researchers have found out exactly what it is.
B. It was first detected in 1962 by Gary Holcomb.
C. It can only be felt when you are in the Bight of Bonny.
D. It wasn't until the 2000s that it caught people's attention.
13. What is the last paragraph but one mainly about?
A. How these two theories came about.
B. An explanation of Euler's wave theory.
C. Two theories about what causes the pulse.
D. Why these two theories are not convincing enough.
14. What is seismologists’ attitude towards finding out why the pulse only happens in the Bight of Bonny?
A. Indifferent. B. Curious. C. Anxious. D. Amused.
15. What would be a suitable title for this passage?
A. Earth's Heartbeat—A Mysterious Sound
B. Two Theories Related to Earth's Heartbeat
C. Bight of Bonny—Home to Earth’s Heartbeat
D. The Reason Why Earth's Heartbeat Happens
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自20世纪60年代以来，多大洲的地震学家已经探测到每26秒一次的神秘脉冲。但在过去的60年里，没有人能够弄清楚这种声音到底是什么。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“The “heartbeat of the Earth” was first recorded in 1962, by John Oliver, a researcher at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University.(1962年，哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地质观测站的研究员约翰·奥利弗首次记录了“地球的心跳”。)”可知，地球的心跳直到20世纪才被第一次记录下来。故选D项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段话“One theory claims that it's caused by waves, while another states that it's due to volcanic activity.(一种理论认为这是由波浪引起的，而另一种理论认为是由火山活动引起的。)”以及 “But neither of the two theories fully explain the pulse.(但这两种理论都不能完全解释脉冲。)”可知，本段讲了两个可能的理论。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段话“And it's not just that it's a tough puzzle to solve, but also that seismologists don't really seem interested in it.(这不仅是一个难以解决的难题，而且地震学家似乎对此并不感兴趣。)”可知，地震学家对这个并不感兴趣。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段话“Ever since the 1960s, seismologist（地震学家）on multiple continents have detected a mysterious pulse that every 26 seconds. But in the last 60 years no one has been able to figure out what this sound actually is.(自20世纪60年代以来，多大洲的地震学家已经探测到每26秒一次的神秘脉冲。但在过去的60年里，没有人能够弄清楚这种声音到底是什么。)”可知，文章主要讲述了地球的心跳——一个很神秘的声音。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What keeps us healthy and happy as we go through life? The clearest message that we got from a 75-year study is this: Good relationships keep us happier and healthier. ___16___
The first is that social connections are really good for us, and that loneliness kills. It turns out that people who are more socially connected to others are happier. ___17___ On the contrary, the experience of loneliness turns out to be harmful. There are some people who are more lonely than they want to be. They find that they are less happy, their health declines earlier in midlife, and they live shorter lives than people who are not lonely.
And we know that you can be lonely in a crowd and you can be lonely in a marriage. So the second big lesson that we learned is that it’s not just the number of friends you have, and it’s not whether or not you’re in a committed relationship, but it’s the quality of your close relationships that matters. ___18___ High-conflict marriages, for example, without much love, turn out to be very bad for our health.
And the third big lesson that we learned about relationships is that good relationships don’t just protect our bodies, they protect our brains. It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship is protective. Many people are in relationships where they can get help from the other persons in times of need. ___19___
So, good and close relationships are good for our health and well-being. ___20___ This is wisdom that’s as old as the hills. Now, ask yourself a question: If you were going to invest now in your future best self, where would you put your time and your energy?
A. These people’s memories stay sharper and longer.
B. We’ve learned three big lessons about relationships.
C. That is to say, the good life is built with good relationships.
D. What’s more, they’re physically healthier, and they live longer.
E. It turns out that living in the conflict is really bad for our health.
F. They will surprisingly find that this relationship cause mental decline.
G. People living in loneliness are either in sorrow or terrible health condition.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与社会。文章从一个方面阐释了好的社会关系让我们健康快乐。第一，社会关系让我们更快乐、身体更好。第二，良好的社会关系才能产生益处。第三，良好的社会关系不仅保护身体，还能保护大脑。所以，我们应该考虑一个问题：我们应该把时间和精力投资在何处？
【16题详解】
根据第二段的“The first is that social connections are really good for us（第一，社会关系对我们真的很好）”，第三段“So the second big lesson that we learned is that it’s not just the number of friends you have, and it’s not whether or not you’re in a committed relationship, but it’s the quality of your close relationships that matters（因此，我们学到的第二个重要事情是，重要的不仅仅是你有多少朋友，也不是你是否处于一段忠诚的关系中，而是你亲密关系的质量）”，第四段的“And the third big lesson that we learned about relationships is that good relationships don’t just protect our bodies, they protect our brains（我们从人际关系中学到的第三个重要事情是，良好的人际关系不仅能保护我们的身体，还能保护我们的大脑）”可知，下文要从三个方面来阐释社会关系。B选项中“three big lessons”与之相对应，故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“It turns out that people who are more socially connected to others are happier（事实证明，与他人社会关系更密切的人更幸福）”和后文“On the contrary, the experience of loneliness turns out to be harmful（相反，孤独的经历是有害的）”可知，前后内容相反，该空处应该进一步说明，有更多社会联系的好处。故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据后一句“High-conflict marriages, for example, without much love, turn out to be very bad for our health（例如，没有太多爱的高冲突婚姻对我们的健康非常不利）”可知，在举例子说明，生活中的冲突对我们的健康不好，E选项“living in the conflict is really bad for our health”与之相符，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship is protective（处在安稳的关系中对人是有保护作用的）”和“Many people are in relationships where they can get help from the other persons in times of need（许多人处于一种关系中，他们可以在需要时从其他人那里获得帮助）可知，A选项的“These people”就是代指上文的“many people”，A选项的“memories stay sharper and longer”又和本段的“that good relationships don’t just protect our bodies, they protect our brains”中的“protect our brains”相呼应。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据该空的前一句话“So, good and close relationships are good for our health and well-being（因此，良好而亲密的关系有利于我们的健康和幸福）”可知，C项是对上一句话的总结和深化。C选项中的“good relationships”与之相对应，故选C项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In my childhood, my family struggled to make ends meet. With three children to feed,my father worked as a janitor(看门人) and farmed our small field until dark. Despite our____21____difficulties, my parents always did their best to____22____for us.
One day, Mrs.Harper, my headteacher, brought a box of toys to school to give to ____23____children. Everyone was____24____to contribute some of their own toys, but I hardly had any toys of my own. Glued to the toys in the box, my____25____got wide with excitement. Mrs. Harper____26____my expression and allowed me to choose two toys for myself. I was so____27____feeling like the luckiest girl in the world.
Upon my arrival at home, I couldn’t wait to____28____them to my mother. But she gently explained that I couldn’t____29____the toys because there were many other children who were less____30____than us. Although I was____31____, I was proud to____32____them to the box because they were for those who needed them more.
Despite our financial struggles, my mother taught me to see myself ____33____and make me believe that we were rich in____34____. My mother’s____35____has remained a constant source of inspiration,reminding me of the importance of empathy(同感能力),generosity，and sympathy.
21. A. various B. severe C. financial D. social
22. A. work B. look C. pay D. provide
23. A. poor B. lonely C. sick D. hungry
24. A. brought up B. called on C. cheered up D. sent out
25. A. mouth B. heart C. eyes D. hands
26. A. confirmed B. noticed C. imagined D. respected
27. A. grateful B. hopeful C. proud D. surprised
28. A. give B. describe C. explain D. show
29. A. keep B. receive C. hide D. fetch
30. A. capable B. fortunate C. positive D. successful
31. A. worried B. angry C. confused D. disappointed
32. A. donate B. return C. present D. bring
33. A. patiently B. completely C. differently D. honestly
34. A. faith B. imagination C. creativity D. love
35. A. expectation B. experience C. lesson D. gift
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在母亲的教导下作者虽然家境贫困但还是把玩具给了那些更需要帮助的人的故事，赞扬了母亲的教诲对作者产生的积极影响。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们经济困难，我父母总是尽力供养我们。A. various各种各样的；B. severe严重的；C. financial财政的；D. social社会的。根据上文“my family struggled to make ends meet(我的家庭努力维持收支平衡)”可知，作者的家庭状况是财政方面是困难的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. work工作；B. look看；C. pay支付；D. provide提供。根据上文did their best可知，此处用动词provide for指父母尽力“供养”我们。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，我的班主任哈珀女士带了一盒玩具到学校给贫困的孩子们。A. poor贫困的；B. lonely孤单的；C. sick生病的；D. hungry饥饿的。根据上文 a box of toys可知，这一盒子玩具应该是送给“贫困的”孩子们的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个人都被号召贡献一些自己的玩具，但我几乎没有自己的玩具。A. brought up抚养；B. called on号召；C. cheered up使振奋；D. sent out发送。根据下文“contribute some of their own toys(贡献一些他们自己的玩具)”可知，此处是指“被号召”贡献自己的玩具。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：盯着盒子里的玩具，我兴奋得睁大了眼睛。A. mouth嘴；B. heart心脏；C. eyes眼睛；D. hands手。根据上文“Glued to the toys in the box(盯在盒子里的玩具上)”以及下文“got wide with excitement”可知，此处应该是指兴奋地睁大“眼睛”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈帕女士注意到我的表情，让我自己挑两个玩具。A. confirmed确认；B. noticed注意到；C. imagined想象；D. respected尊重。根据空格后的“allowed me to choose two toys for myself. ”可知，此处是指“注意到”我的表情。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激，觉得自己是世界上最幸运的女孩。A. grateful感激的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. proud自豪的；D. surprised感到惊讶的。根据下文“feeling like the luckiest girl in the world.”可知，此处应该是指作者是很“感激的”故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一到家，我就迫不及待地把它们拿给妈妈看。A. give给；B. describe描述；C. explain解释；D. show展示。根据下文“to my mother. ”以及“But she gently explained that(但她温和地解释)”可知，此处是指把玩具“展示”给母亲看。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运。A. keep保持、保留；B. receive受到；C. hide隐藏；D. fetch去取。根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more.(因为它们是为了那些更需要它们的人。)”可知，此处是指我不能“保留”这些玩具。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. capable有能力的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. positive积极的；D. successful成功的。分析句意再根据空格前的less和下文“those who needed them more.(那些更需要它们的人)”可知，此处是指很多孩子还没有我们“幸运”故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很失望，但我很自豪地把它们放回盒子里，因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。A. worried担忧的；B. angry生气的；C. confused困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文第9题可知，作者不能留下这些玩具，所以应该是“感到失望的”。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. donate捐赠；B. return归还、放回；C. present呈现；D. bring带来。根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more.(因为它们是为了那些更需要它们的人。)”可知，此处用return指把玩具“放回”盒子里。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们的经济状况很困难，但母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己，让我相信我们的爱是丰富的。A. patiently耐心地；B. completely完全地；C. differently不同地；D. honestly诚实地。根据上文可知，母亲温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运，可知，母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己。此处用副词differently表示“不同地”看待自己。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. faith信念；B.imagination想象力；C. creativity创造力；D. love爱。根据上文“I was proud to_____them to the box because they were for those who needed them more.”和空格前的rich可知，此处指我们的“爱”是丰富的。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲的教诲一直是我灵感的源泉，提醒着我同理心、慷慨和同情的重要性。A. expectation期待；B. experience经历；C. lesson教训、教诲；D. gift礼物。根据上文第13题分析可知，此处指母亲的“教诲”对我产生了很大影响。根据故选C项。
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
课文句子填空：阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and________ (empathy) with them.（用所给词的正确形式填空）
【答案】empathize
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意：只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能看到他们情绪的原因，并与他们产生共鸣。be able to do意为“能够做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式。根据“with them”可知，此处是指与他们产生共鸣，所以应用动词empathize表示“有同感，起共鸣”。故填empathize。
37. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which ________ (refer) to as feedback. （用所给词的正确形式填空）
【答案】is referred
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：作为回应，接收方发送一个编码的消息，这被称为反馈。设空处为从句谓语，根据上文可知为一般现在时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语which指代上文的message，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is referred。
38. When we work, we must practice our skills constantly and continuously ________ we excel in what we do. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】until##till
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我们工作时，我们必须不断地练习我们的技能，直到我们在我们所做的事情中出类拔萃。分析可知，设空处连接时间状语从句，表示“直到”，应用连词until或者till，故填until/till。
39. This information will give you a good basis for ________ criteria are used for selecting candidates. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这些信息将为你选择候选人的标准提供良好的基础。在宾语从句中，根据“criteria are used for selecting candidate”可知，此处是指“什么”，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
40. Japanese was a minor subject I took and I know that expanding into Japan is part of your corporate plan. Will this position provide opportunities to work in ________ (emerge) markets there? （用所给词的正确形式填空）
【答案】emerging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个职位会为在那里的新兴市场工作提供机会吗？分许句子结构可知，空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语，emerge为动词，其形容词形式为emerging“新兴的”。故填emerging。
短文填空：
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, videos ____41____ (show) bees in a plastic box drop from the air the moment lights are turned off have circulated (流传) on the Internet. Most people take ____42____ for granted that for those bees dropping is more dangerous than keeping flying. However, it's not true.
One theory could link to how bees use the sun's position to guide their way back, so once the sun sets, they immediately stop moving. ____43____ theory suggests it is a prey (猎物) response, ____44____ shade from a large predator (捕食者) above them resulting in bees dropping from the air and falling to the ground, where they would have less chance of being spotted.
Either way, such strange behavior of bees is ____45____ (fascinate) to look at. Some bees have adapted to flying at night, ____46____ (possible) as there is less competition from other ____47____ (insect). However, ____48____ bees can see in the dark depends on how “night” and “dark” ____49____ (understand), as some animals can see at night because they have eyes ____50____(accustom) to low lighting, while dark can mean a total absence of light.
【答案】41. showing
42. it 43. Another
44. with 45. fascinating
46. possibly
47. insects
48. whether
49. are understood
50. accustomed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂会在黑暗中突然坠落的原因。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，互联网上流传着一段视频，视频显示，关灯的那一刻，塑料盒子里的蜜蜂从空中掉了下来。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词。该动词和修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填showing。
【42题详解】
考查形式宾语。句意：大多数人想当然地认为，对于那些蜜蜂来说，降落比继续飞行更危险。固定句型take it for granted that...“认为...是理所当然的”。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。故填it。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一种理论认为，这是猎物的反应，因为它们上方有大型捕食者的遮蔽，导致蜜蜂从空中掉到地上，在那里它们被发现的机会较小。根据前面的one theory可知，空处需要another“另一个”。one...another...“一个...另外一个...”。故填Another。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：另一种理论认为，这是猎物的反应，因为它们上方有大型捕食者的遮蔽，导致蜜蜂从空中掉到地上，在那里它们被发现的机会较小。分析句子结构可知，空处需要with构成“with +名词+介词短语”的复合结构，在句中作状语。故填with。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不管怎样，蜜蜂这种奇怪的行为都很吸引人。一些蜜蜂已经适应了夜间飞行，可能是因为与其他昆虫的竞争较少。空处需要形容词作表语。fascinate为动词，其形容词形式为fascinating“迷人的”。故填fascinating。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：不管怎样，蜜蜂这种奇怪的行为都很吸引人。一些蜜蜂已经适应了夜间飞行，可能是因为与其他昆虫的竞争较少。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的句子，所以需要副词。故填possibly。
【47题详解】
考查可数名词复数形式。句意：不管怎样，蜜蜂这种奇怪的行为都很吸引人。一些蜜蜂已经适应了夜间飞行，可能是因为与其他昆虫的竞争较少。根据空前的other可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式，表示“其它的一些昆虫”。故填insects。
【48题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：然而，蜜蜂是否能在黑暗中看到取决于如何理解“夜晚”和“黑暗”，因为一些动物在夜间能看到，因为它们的眼睛习惯于低光，而黑暗可能意味着完全没有光。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句。主语从句中句子成分完整，但是根据语境可知，缺少“是否”的意思，所以用whether引导主语从句。故填whether。
【49题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：然而，蜜蜂是否能在黑暗中看到取决于如何理解“夜晚”和“黑暗”，因为一些动物在夜间能看到，因为它们的眼睛习惯于低光，而黑暗可能意味着完全没有光。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句中的谓语动词。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态。该动词和主语之间为动宾关系。所以该句子为一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为““night” and “dark””，谓语用复数。故填are understood。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，蜜蜂是否能在黑暗中看到取决于如何理解“夜晚”和“黑暗”，因为一些动物在夜间能看到，因为它们的眼睛习惯于低光，而黑暗可能意味着完全没有光。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该用形容词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词eyes，且意义为“习惯的”，所以应该用形容词accustomed。故填accustomed。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假设你是李华，在网站上得知英国一家慈善机构在你所在城市的分支机构正在招募志愿者，主要负责涉外接待工作。请写一封自荐信，内容包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.提供至少三条自荐理由；
3.恳请获准。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头结尾已给出，不计入词总数。
参考词汇：慈善 charity
Dear sir or Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
51. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. We love classic cars and were going on a tour of used car dealerships in search of an old Jaguar. Aged 19 and 20, we were full of the spirit of adventure.
It was so mild when we arrived in Kent that occasionally we would stop to sunbathe. We had no luck in finding a Jaguar in the southeast so we decided to head farther north. We didn’t check the forecast on our way to Cumbria.
As we drove, the weather got colder and wilder. Snow was falling and wind was blowing as we reached the Yorkshire Dales. We struggled on until the storm became so heavy that we couldn’t see where we were going; the car barely moved. With no chance of going anywhere, we waited for the storm to pass. It was bitterly cold. Our summer sleeping bags offered little protection, nor did our thin jackets. The cold slowed our senses, until it was all we felt.
The next morning, the car was buried in snow. Everything was dark. Panic set in. Staying in the car would kill us. We managed to get out, trying to find a farm we’d passed, but it was hopeless. The storm changed everything. The sky and the road were indistinguishable. Rini was fading. I kept him going, with whatever worked. Finally, we stopped at a barn (谷仓). I felt ready to die. At that moment, I heard what sounded like a dog bark. Then a figure came towards us. “Are you both crazy? Out for a walk in this weather?” the man shouted.
The man, Clifford Harker, told us he owned the farm we had passed. He was out with his dog, leading his sheep to safety. He told us he lived a 10-minute walk away, so we followed, battling against the storm. Ten minutes passed, and there was nothing in sight. “How much longer?” we begged. “Ten more minutes,” he replied.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
After what seemed like a lifetime, we saw lights in the distance.
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We went back to visit Clifford’s family on New Year’s Day, loaded with presents.
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【答案】 After what seemed like a lifetime, we saw lights in the distance. We walked into the farmhouse, much to the surprise of Clifford’s wife. We were shaking and numb with cold, but alive. She ran a bath for us, brought us her husband’s clothes, and on her doctor’s advice, made our bowls full of lukewarm food. It was the first thing we ate in almost two days and it tasted delicious. The storm left the roads blocked, so we had to stay for several days. The couple were so welcoming-——even we were two strangers.
We went back to visit Clifford’s family on New Year’s Day, loaded with presents. They were so pleased and surprised to see us. We spent several days on the farm, helping Clifford tend his sheep and eating more delicious food cooked by his wife. Our car had been dug out by the local garage. We told the owner we’d come to England to find an old Jaguar. By coincidence, he had one to sell, which was the exact model we looked for. It was the best holiday we had, for our survival, the wonderful family we meet and our dream that had come true.
【解析】
【导语】本文以事情发展的顺序为线索展开，讲述了作者和朋友Rini开车从荷兰到英格兰，到了肯特时还是阳光灿烂，天气温暖，但随着他们一路向北行驶，天气越来越冷，一场暴风雪困住了他们。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在过了很久之后，我们看到了远处光。”可知，第一段可描写作者和朋友终于到了Clifford的家。
②由第二段首句内容“新年那天，我们回去拜访克利福德的家人，带了很多礼物。”可知，第二段可描写作者和朋友在Clifford家，和Clifford夫妻在一起的画面。
2.续写线索：看到光——到达Clifford家——Clifford妻子照顾作者和朋友——作者和朋友康复——回去拜访——一起交谈——买到Jaguar车——度过美好的假期
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助某人：help sb./do sb. a favor
②照顾：tend/take care of/look after
③实现：come true/realize
情绪类
①高兴的：pleased /happy /delighted
②极好的：wonderful /marvelous
【点睛】[高分句型1]. It was the first thing we ate in almost two days and it tasted delicious.(运用了省略that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. By coincidence, he had one to sell, which was the exact model we looked for. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句和省略that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型3]. It was the best holiday we had, for our survival, the wonderful family we meet and our dream that had come true.(运用了省略that引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句)



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