2022-2023学年湖南省邵阳市新邵县高一（下）期末英语试卷

这是一份2022-2023学年湖南省邵阳市新邵县高一（下）期末英语试卷，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年湖南省邵阳市新邵县高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Take a look inside a high school classroom.You will most likely find a teacher at the front of the class and students sitting at their desks.Yet，look closer，and you might notice a familiar scene：many of these students are not paying attention.Instead，they are dozing off （打盹） or even completely asleep.
Today，most of high school students are not getting enough sleep.This lack （缺乏） of sleep is a serious problem，especially as students are doing more than ever with their time.They come to school early，spend hours listening to teachers and taking tests，and come home to be faced with even more homework.
Most kids need at least nine hours of sleep per night in order to function properly.Yet the period of this nine hours shifts as a child gets older.After puberty （青春期），the body's internal clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m.So even if a student falls asleep at eleven，they would need to sleep until at least 8 a.m.to get a full night's sleep.Considering the time at which most high schools in this country begin，those nine hours are clearly being shortened.Few high schools start after 8 a.m.
However，there are schools that have paid attention to this research and delayed （延迟） the start of their school day.In schools where the start time is after 8：30 in the morning，the teachers believe that there has been a real change in their students.They note that the students miss class less，pay more attention in class，perform better in class，and report lower levels of depression（沮丧）.The researchers of these studies say that the results are quite important and that more schools should consider delaying their start time of their school day.
1. What is mainly discussed in the second paragraph？ ______
A. Why high school students feel sleepy in the classroom.
B. Why high school students should get more sleep.
C. How to lighten high school students' homework load.
D. The life of high school students at present.
2. What does the underlined word "shifts" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. arrives B. changes C. reduces D. increases
3. How do the teachers feel about the results from delaying their school day？ ______
A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Surprised. D. Satisfied.
B
How does your family celebrate Mother's Day？Do you give her flowers or make her a card？The original mother's days were observed rather differently.
Julia Ward Howe was the first person to propose that the United States observe a national mother's day.She joined the U.S.Sanitary Commission during the American Civil War.Following the war，Howe became a supporter for peace.In 1872，Howe organized Mother's Peace Day to improve working conditions in mines and provide better education for poor children.
But Mothers' Peace Day never became a national holiday.Mother's Day owes its origin to the efforts of Anna Jarvis，a daughter who wanted to honor her mother，Ann.
In 1858，Ann began a tradition of Mothers' Work Days in Taylor County，the rural community where infection and disease were common.Ann begged doctors to teach her and her neighbors how to improve the family health.On Mothers' Work Days，they helped and taught other mothers.
Ann once concluded： "I hope that someone，sometime，will found a memorial mother's day." When Ann died on May 9，1905，Anna determined to fulfill her mother's wish.
Anna wrote hundreds of letters to politicians and spoke often to promote the establishment of Mother's Day.On May 10，1908，Anna addressed a large Mother's Day celebration.She urged children to show love and thanks for their mothers "by words，gifts，acts of affection..."
The idea of a day honoring mothers spread quickly throughout the country and became official in 1914，when President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution establishing the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.
While few today think of Mother's Day as a day to do charity work in the community，you can still follow Anna to celebrate it.
4. Why were the original mother's days observed？ ______
A. To satisfy mothers' wishes.
B. To assist the people in need.
C. To urge children to love their mothers.
D. To save the wounded soldiers in the war.
5. What can we know about the first official Mother's Day？ ______
A. It was founded by Julia Ward Howe.
B. It was celebrated in memory of Anna' mother.
C. Anna's speech contributed to its establishment.
D. Anna's efforts received no response from the public.
6. In which way does the author advise us to celebrate Mother's Day？ ______
A. By giving celebration speeches.
B. By reflecting on its original intention.
C. By doing good deeds in the community.
D. By showing love and gratitude to mothers.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ ______
A. The Mothers of Mother's Day. B. The Best Gift for Mother's Day.
C. The Traditions of Mother's Day. D. The Celebration of Mother's Day.
C
All the wisdom of the ages and all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books.The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.
Reading is the pleasure of the mind，which means that it is a little like a sport：your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.Reading is fun，not because the writer is telling you something，but because it makes your mind work.Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his.Your experience，compared with his，brings you to the same or different conclusions，and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself，like a one-family house，but books in a library are like houses in a city.Although they are separate，together they all add up to something.They are connected with each other and with other cities.Books influence each other，they link the past，the present and the future and have their own generations，like families.Wherever you start reading，you connect yourself with one of the families or ideas，and in the long run，you not only find out about the world and the people in it but also you find out about yourself，too.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be.If you concentrate on books somebody tells you "you ought" to read，you probably won't have fun.But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you，and then relax yourself with it，you will almost certainly have a good time and if you become，as a result of reading，better，wiser，kinder，or more gentle，you won't have suffered during the process.
8. What is reading in the writer's opinion？ ______
A. Reading is a process of listening to the author.
B. Reading is a process of accepting the author's ideas.
C. Reading is a process of communicating with the author and yourself.
D. Reading is a process of judging the author's work.
9. What kind of people are the most unfortunate in the writer's eyes？ ______
A. Those who don't have any books.
B. Those who can't enjoy reading books.
C. Those who don't like books.
D. Those who read too many books.
10. What kind of books should you read in order to find pleasure in reading？ ______
A. Books written by famous writers.
B. Books written in humor style.
C. Books which you like to read.
D. Books recommended by your friends.
11. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？ ______
A. To show the importance of reading.
B. To tell us how to make reading more effective.
C. To tell us how to read.
D. To show the pleasure of reading.
D
A great many people，when they speak of home，tend to connect it with a certain atmosphere，certain physical surroundings （环境），and certain emotional attitudes within themselves.This sentimentality （多愁善感） toward home is something that has come down to us from the past.Many modern people do not have it，and I think it is a good thing that they do not.
In the old days，life was difficult.Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you，and you had little protection against them.People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked.They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could call the police instantly.How did this influence the way people felt about home？Small family groups clung （贴近） tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men.
Today，thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society，thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born，and the oftener they do so，the less sentiment （情绪） they are likely to have for those surroundings.I lived in England for three years，and I noticed that boys and girls left their parents' homes and lived in places of their own.There they could just telephone and ask an agency to provide them with a house or an apartment，which was their home.How has the meaning of this word "home" been changed by such activity？What does home mean to those people or to families who often move about，living in first one hotel and then another？I believe that for them home means a place where they can have privacy.
As for me，the atmosphere and surroundings of the place where my parents live have no sentimental （情感的） attachment （依恋）.Home is where I can shut the door and be by myself.When I left my parents several years ago，I was anxious to leave.You might call it unfeeling，but that was the way I felt.On the day of my departure for the United States，my grandmother cried.My father，however，showed that he knew how I felt. "Son，" he said， "I am not sorry that you are leaving us.I only hope that you make the most of your time."
12. Which of the following is NOT the reason for difficult life in the old days？ ______
A. No attack or killing or robbery from enemies.
B. People had no protection of a police force.
C. People lived in poorly-built houses.
D. People had no telephones.
13. Why are modern people willing to leave their parents' homes？ ______
A. Because they can afford the money to live outside.
B. Because there are no wild animals or enemies around.
C. Because the society provides them with the feeling of safety.
D. Because they are not actually satisfied with their environment.
14. What can we learn from the article？ ______
A. Surroundings influence the way that people act.
B. Not many modern people have sentimentality toward home.
C. Rights to privacy are well protected in modern society.
D. Older people can hardly understand the leaving of the young.
15. What is the best title for the passage？ ______
A. The History of Home B. People and Home
C. Different Ideas of Home D. Ideas of Home Have Changed

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents，however，it is not true.(16)If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents，don't worry about it.Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap （消除代沟）.
Don't argue （争辩）with your parents.(17)Your parents probably won't consider your idea.If you are shouting at them，and you can't express yourself well if you are angry.Go some place to cool off．Make sure you understand why you are unhappy.Then think about what you want to say to your parents，if you don't think you can speak to them at the moment，try writing a letter.
Try to reach a compromise （和解）．(18)You can keep your disagree and try your best to accept each other．Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a motorcycle．They argued over it．But they finally came to a compromise．Michael bought the motorcycle，but only drove it on certain days．
Of course，your parents might refuse to compromise on something．In these situations，it is especially important to show love and respect to them.(19)
Talk about your values．The values of yours parents are probably different first those of your own.Tell your parents what you care about and why．(20)
A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person．It is worth having a try!


A.Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.
B.Don't get to your parents when you are angry
C.Perhaps yon and your parents disagree on something.
D.Many children don't respect their parents.
E.Perhaps you ask your parents to buy something.
F.Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.
G.Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.

16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Martin Strel knows a thing or two about rivers.He has been swimming in them（1） ______ he was a young boy.Although he holds five world records in marathon swimming，he is best known for using his sport to raise（2） ______ of water pollution.After years of swimming in dirty water，he decided he had to do（3） ______ .He began to swim to（4） ______ "peace，friendship and clean water".He hopes to see（5） ______ laws strengthened.
So far，he has swum in many of the world's most famous rivers.In 2000，he（6） ______ to swim in Europe's second longest river，the Danube.He swam 1，866 miles in 58 days and （7） ______ a world record for long-distance swimming.In 2002，Strel swam in the Mississippi River and（8） ______ a distance of 2，360 miles in 68 days.In 2007，he swam 3，274 miles of the Amazon River in 66 days.Most of the（9） ______ in the Amazon comes from harmful chemicals used in gold mining and oil leaks from（10） ______ maintained boats.He became very weak and（11） ______ 42 pounds.In order to continue swimming，he had to be carried in and out of the（12） ______ .
Still，Strel plans to（13） ______ swimming for peace，friendship and clean water，but he would prefer to do it in the ocean.（14） ______ ，the world's rivers are simply too dirty.He（15） ______ a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water.
21.  A. before B. when C. since D. until
22.  A. importance B. significance C. image D. awareness
23.  A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
24.  A. promote B. permit C. perform D. perceive
25.  A. political B. economic C. commercial D. environmental
26.  A. refused B. failed C. tended D. managed
27.  A. kept B. accessed C. held D. set
28.  A. covered B. contained C. expanded D. extended
29.  A. population B. poison C. pressure D. pollution
30.  A. well B. poorly C. carefully D. instantly
31.  A. gained B. weighed C. lost D. got
32.  A. area B. hospital C. lake D. water
33.  A. give up B. take up C. carry out D. keep on
34.  A. First of all B. At last C. After all D. What's more
35.  A. dreams of B. calls for C. opens up D. puts forward
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest？ (1) （ fortunate），your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent survey has found that many people suffer (2) sleep problems.Some are unable to fall (3) （ sleep），some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night's sleep (4) （ be）pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big (5) （ city）may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble (6) （ concentrate）.In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having (7) poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing，and night is the time when (8) （ they）bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations (9) body development slows down，and their health suffers.
So，if you have a sleep problem，it might be time (10) （ make） some changes in your lifestyle.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友David想要拜访你和你的家人，并且向你们了解和学习中国文化。请你写封邮件告诉他你为他准备的一些计划。内容包括：
（1）代表家人欢迎他；
（2）学习内容：包粽子、放风筝、剪纸等。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
_________

Yours，
Li Hua

38.      It was a day just like every other day. I woke up early in the morning and went to run on Mount Gracious with my dog, Bubbles. As I ran up the mountain, with my dog following close behind, I felt energetic and refreshed. Running in a natural environment never failed to make me feel alive. When I reached the top, I drank some water and enjoyed the beautiful sunrise. This scene always took my breath away, no matter how many times I had seen it.
    Having rested enough, Bubbles and I made our way back down the mountain. As we were running downhill, I saw an unfamiliar path and decided to explore the area. The path was full of rocks. It was not easy to walk.
    Suddenly, I slipped on a muddy patch, rolling down five meters before I managed to grab hold of an exposed root of a huge tree. I was safe for now. However, I was seriously injured. My knees were badly hurt. My right foot was also dislocated (脱臼). I knew for sure I would be unable to make my way up or down the mountain without help. I called out to Bubbles and he barked loudly from above. It seemed like he understood that I needed help. He looked down at me pitifully before disappearing from sight.
    As night fell, panic (恐慌) set in and scary thoughts went through my mind. There were many things that I had got to do. I couldn't die! This would not have happened if I had stuck to my usual path.
    I was losing hope when I heard barking. It was Bubbles. I rubbed my eyes as I struggled to keep awake. But there was silence. Who could it be? Was I hallucinating (产生幻觉)? Then I heard some voices and more barking. Yes. Help was near, I knew. I could count on my dog to get help.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
    Soon, I heard my parents calling my name.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
    Later, my parents told me what Bubbles had done to get help.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、B、D
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段Today，most of high school students are not getting enough sleep.This lack （缺乏） of sleep is a serious problem，especially as students are doing more than ever with their time.They come to school early，spend hours listening to teachers and taking tests，and come home to be faced with even more homework.（今天，大多数高中生睡眠不足。睡眠不足是一个严重的问题，尤其是学生们比以往任何时候都要花更多的时间。他们早早来到学校，花几个小时听老师讲课，参加考试，回到家面对更多的家庭作业。）可知，第二段主要讨论的是学生课堂上犯困的原因。故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段Most kids need at least nine hours of sleep per night in order to function properly.（大多数孩子每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠才能正常运作。）可知，大多数孩子每晚至少需要九个小时的睡眠。本句用Yet转折，故画线词所在句的意思与前文相反，同时根据After puberty（青春期），the body's internal clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m.（进入青春期后，身体内部的生物钟会发生变化，因此青少年很难在晚上 11点之前入睡。）可知，进入青春期后孩子们9小时的睡眠时间发生了改变。故画线词意为"变化"。A．arrives到达；B．changes变化；C．reduces减少；D．increases增加。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的They note that the students miss class less，pay more attention in class，perform better in class，and report lower levels of depression（沮丧）.（他们注意到，学生们缺课的次数减少了，在课堂上更加集中注意力，在课堂上表现得更好，而且报告的抑郁程度也更低。）可知，老师们注意到推迟上课后学生们旷课少，上课更专心，在课堂上表现得更好，抑郁程度更低。故可以推断出老师对这个结果是满意的。A．Disappointed.失望的；B．Puzzled.困惑的；C．Surprised.惊讶的；D．Satisfied.满意的。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了现今高中生课业负担重，家庭作业多，导致学生睡眠不足而课上犯困、精力不集中的现象，因此学校应该减少课业，推迟上课时间，让学生能有足够的睡眠。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】B、C、D、A
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二自然段In 1872，Howe organized Mother's Peace Day to improve working conditions in mines and provide better education for poor children.（1872年，Howe组织了母亲和平日，以改善矿山的工作条件，并为贫困儿童提供更好的教育。）可知，最初的母亲节是为了帮助有需要的人。故选B。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段On May 10，1908，Anna addressed a large Mother's Day celebration.She urged children to show love and thanks for their mothers "by words，gifts，acts of affection..."（1908年5月10日，安娜在一个大型的母亲节庆祝活动上发表讲话。她敦促孩子们"用言语、礼物、亲情的行为"来表达对母亲的爱和感谢）以及倒数第二段The idea of a day honoring mothers spread quickly throughout the country and became official in 1914，when President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution establishing the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.（纪念母亲节的想法很快在全国传播开来，并于1914年正式生效，当时伍德罗•威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，将5月的第二个星期日定为母亲节。）可知，安娜的演讲促成了它的成立。故选C。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段While few today think of Mother's Day as a day to do charity work in the community，you can still follow Anna to celebrate it.（虽然今天很少有人认为母亲节是一个在社区做慈善工作的日子，但你仍然可以跟随安娜来庆祝它。）以及倒数第三段On May 10，1908，Anna addressed a large Mother's Day celebration.She urged children to show love and thanks for their mothers 'by words，gifts，acts of affection...'（1908年5月10日，安娜在一个大型的母亲节庆祝活动上发表讲话。她敦促孩子们"用言语、礼物、亲情的行为"来表达对母亲的爱和感谢）可知，作者建议读者跟随安娜来庆祝母亲节，通过这个节日来表达对母亲的爱和感谢。故选D。
（4）A.标题归纳题。根据文章第一自然段The original mother's days were observed rather differently.（最初的母亲节是完全不同的。）以及下文内容可知，本文通过介绍母亲节的建立，讲述了Julia Ward Howe、Anna Jarvis以及Anna Jarvis的妈妈Ann，这三位对母亲节的成立所做出贡献的人。A项"母亲节的母亲"能够作为文章标题。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些对母亲节的成立所做出贡献的人。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

8~11.【答案】C、B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Reading is fun，not because the writer is telling you something，but because it makes your mind work.Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his.Your experience，compared with his，brings you to the same or different conclusions，and your ideas develop as you understand his.（阅读之所以有趣，不是因为作者在告诉你什么，而是因为它让你的大脑运转起来。你自己的想象力与作者的想象力一起发挥作用，甚至超越作者的想象力。你的经验，与他的比较，使你得到相同或不同的结论，你的想法在你理解他的过程中发展。）以及第三段中 Wherever you start reading，you connect yourself with one of the families or ideas，and in the long run，you not only find out about the world and the people in it but also you find out about yourself，too.（无论你从哪里开始阅读，你都会将自己与其中一个家庭或思想联系起来，从长远来看，你不仅会了解这个世界和其中的人们，还会了解你自己了。）可知，作者认为阅读的过程不仅可以与作者之间沟通，也有助于发展自己的理解过程即阅读是一个与作者和你自己交流的过程。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段中The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.（世界上最不幸的人是那些从未发现读好书是多么令人满足的人。）可知，作者认为不幸的人是那些从未发现读好书是多么令人满足的人。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. （阅读只有在你期望它有趣的时候才会有趣。）以及But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you，and then relax yourself with it，you will almost certainly have a good time（但是，如果你放下一本不喜欢的书，尝试另一本，直到你找到一本对你有意义的书，然后放松自己，你几乎肯定会度过一段美好的时光）可知，作者认为读自己喜欢的书或者自己觉得有意义的书，这样阅读才会有乐趣。故选C。
（4）目的意图题。根据第一段中All the wisdom of the ages and all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. （所有时代的智慧和所有几个世纪以来使人类高兴的故事，都可以在书的封面上轻松而廉价地获得。）可知，作者认为古人的智慧都可以在书本中得到；同时根据第二段中Reading is fun，not because the writer is telling you something，but because it makes your mind work.Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his.Your experience，compared with his，brings you to the same or different conclusions，and your ideas develop as you understand his.（阅读之所以有趣，不是因为作者在告诉你什么，而是因为它让你的大脑运转起来。你自己的想象力与作者的想象力一起发挥作用，甚至超越作者的想象力。你的经验，与他的比较，使你得到相同或不同的结论，你的想法在你理解他的过程中发展。）可知，作者认为阅读的过程不仅可以与作者之间沟通，也有助于发展自己的理解过程即阅读是一个与作者和你自己交流的过程；以及通读全文，作者阐述了阅读给作者带来的乐趣，故文章的目的是建议读者们读书，展示给读者们阅读的乐趣。 A．To show the importance of reading.以示读书的重要性；B．To tell us how to make reading more effective.告诉我们如何让阅读更有效；C．To tell us how to read.告诉我们如何阅读；D．To show the pleasure of reading.表现读书的乐趣。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了阅读的乐趣，即阅读是一种让思维活跃的乐趣，可以帮助人们了解世界和自我。同时，文章也提醒读者，阅读应该是一种自由和愉悦的体验，而不是被迫的任务。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段In the old days，life was difficult.Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you，and you had little protection against them.People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked.They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could call the police instantly.（在过去，生活很困难。敌人可能会攻击你，杀死你或抢劫你，而你几乎没有任何保护措施。人们没有住在建造精良、门可以上锁的房子里。他们没有有组织的警察部队的保护，也没有可以立即报警的电话）可知，没有敌人的攻击、杀戮或抢劫这项陈述不是过去生活困难的原因。所以"A．No attack or killing or robbery from enemies.没有敌人的攻击、杀戮或抢劫。"正确。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Today，thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society，thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born，and the oftener they do so，the less sentiment（情绪）they are likely to have for those surroundings.（今天，由于现代交通和组织良好的社会，成千上万的人愿意和急切地离开他们出生的环境，他们这样做的次数越多，他们对周围环境的感情就越少）可知，现代人愿意离开父母的家是因为社会给了他们安全感。所以"C．Because the society provides them with the feeling of safety.因为社会给了他们安全感。"正确。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段中This sentimentality （多愁善感） toward home is something that has come down to us from the past.Many modern people do not have it，and I think it is a good thing that they do not.（这种对家的眷恋是我们从过去传承下来的。许多现代人没有，我认为这是一件好事，他们没有）可知，没有多少现代人对家有感情。所以"B．Not many modern people have sentimentality toward home.没有多少现代人对家有感情。"正确。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段A great many people，when they speak of home，tend to connect it with a certain atmosphere，certain physical surroundings（环境），and certain emotional attitudes within themselves.This sentimentality（多愁善感）toward home is something that has come down to us from the past.Many modern people do not have it，and I think it is a good thing that they do not.（很多人一提到家，就倾向于把它与某种气氛、某种物质环境和自己内心的某种情感态度联系起来。这种对家的眷恋是我们从过去传承下来的。许多现代人没有，我认为这是一件好事，他们没有。）可知，本文主要讲的是人们对家的概念的改变。故文章最好的标题是"D．Ideas of Home Have Changed家的概念已经改变了"。故选D。
这篇短文主要讲述了人们对家的情感和家的定义的变化。过去，人们对家有一种浓厚的情感，因为家是他们的庇护所，能提供保护和安全感。然而，随着现代交通和社会的发展，越来越多的人离开自己出生的地方，对家的情感也越来越淡薄。对于那些经常搬家的人来说，家意味着一个可以拥有隐私的地方。对于作者来说，家并没有情感上的依恋，而是一个可以独处的地方。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】G、B、C、A、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。空格前说Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents.However，it is not true.（有些人认为只有学校的孩子不同意他们的父母。然而，事实并非如此。）因此空格处应说不光学校的孩子和父母沟通有困难，G选项"Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.（沟通对于父母和所有年龄段的孩子来说都是一个问题。）"说明不光学校的孩子和父母沟通有困难，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（2）细节理解题。根据本段标题Don't argue with your parents.（不要和你的父母争论。）可知此处说的是不要和你的父母争论。所以"B.Don't get to your parents when you are angry.（你生气时不要找你的父母。）"符合语境，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。空格后说You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other.（你可以保留你的不同意见，尽最大努力去接受对方。）因此空格处引出你和父母有不同的意见，C选项"Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something.（也许你和你的父母在某些事情上意见不一致。）说明了你和父母之间可能存在分歧，因此C选项引出下文，符合语境，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。空格前说In these situations，it is especially important to show love and respect to them.（在这些情况下，向他们表达爱意和尊重就显得尤为重要。）A选项"Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.（尊重对方会让你们的关系更加牢固。）"中的"Showing respect"和前面的"show love and respect"相一致，形成语意的重复出现，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。本段小标题是Talk about your values.（谈谈你的价值观。）可知此处说的是价值观，所以"F.Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.了解你的价值观可以帮助他们看到你的人生目标。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是和父母沟通，弥补代沟的建议。
选句填空是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~35.【答案】C、D、B、A、D、D、D、A、D、B、C、B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）C．考查连词及语境理解。A.before在……之前；B.when当……时候；C.since自从；D.until直到。句意：他从小就在里面游泳。引导时间状语从句，表示"自从"应用since。故选C。
（2）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.importance价值；B.significance重要性；C.image图像；D.awareness意识。句意：尽管他在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，但他最出名的是利用这项运动提高人们对水污染的意识。根据后文"of water pollution"指提高对水污染的意识，应用awareness。故选D。
（3）B．考查不定代词及语境理解。A.anything任何事；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything一切。句意：在经历了多年在脏水里游泳之后，他决定要做点什么。根据上文"he decided he had to do"可知指为改善水污染做点什么，应用do something。故选B。
（4）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.promote促进，推动；B.permit允许；C.perform表演；D.perceive察觉。句意：他开始游泳，来推动"和平、友谊和清洁的水的理念"。根据后文"peace，friendship and clean water."指通过游泳，来促进"和平、友谊和清洁的水"的理念，应用promote。故选A。
（5）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.political政治的；B.economic经济的；C.commercial商业的；D.environmental环境的。句意：他希望看到环境法得到加强。Strel的行为主要是为了改善水污染，所以是环境法得到改善。故选D。
（6）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.refused拒绝；B.failed失败；C.tended倾向；D.managed设法。句意：2000年，他成功地游完了欧洲第二长河多瑙河。根据后文创下了世界纪录，可知他成功游完了欧洲第二长河多瑙河。manage to do sth."设法做成某事"。故选D。
（7）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.kept保持；B.accessed访问；C.held握住；D.set设置。句意：他在58天内游了1866英里，创造了长距离游泳的世界纪录。根据后文"a world record for long-distance swimming"指创下世界纪录，应用set。故选D。
（8）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.covered包括，走完；B.contained包含；C.expanded扩大；D.extended延长。句意：2002年，斯特雷尔在密西西比河游泳，在68天内游了2360英里。根据后文"a distance of 2，360 miles in 68 days"指在68天内游了2360英里，应用cover。故选A。
（9）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.population人口；B.poison毒药；C.pressure压力；D.pollution污染。句意：亚马逊地区的大部分污染来自采金过程中使用的有害化学物质和保养不善的船只泄漏的石油。根据后文"comes from harmful chemicals used"可知此处说明的是污染来源。故选D。
（10）B．考查副词及语境理解。A.well好地；B.poorly差地；C.carefully小心地；D.instantly立即。句意：亚马逊地区的大部分污染来自采金过程中使用的有害化学物质和保养不善的船只泄漏的石油。根据后文"maintained boats"可知船只漏油说明保养不善。故选B。
（11）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.gained获得；B.weighed权衡；C.lost失去；D.got得到。句意：他变得非常虚弱，瘦了42磅。根据上文"He became very weak and"以及后文的数字，可知此处指身体体重减少了42磅。故选C。
（12）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.area区域；B.hospital医院；C.lake湖泊；D.water水。句意：为了继续游泳，他不得不被抬进抬出医院。上文提到他身体很虚弱，因此是频繁进出医院。故选B。
（13）D．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.give up放弃；B.take up从事；C.carry out实施；D.keep on继续。句意：尽管如此，Strel计划为了和平、友谊和干净的水继续游泳，但他更喜欢在海洋里游泳。根据后文"swimming for peace，friendship and clean water"指为了和平、友谊和干净的水继续游泳，故选D。
（14）C．考查固定短语及语境理解。A.First of all首先；B.At last最后；C.After all毕竟；D.What's more更重要的是。句意：毕竟，世界上的河流实在太脏了。Strel计划为了和平、友谊和干净的水继续游泳，因为毕竟世界上的河流实在太脏了，after all符合语境。故选C。
（15）A．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.dreams of梦想；B.calls for要求；C.opens up打开；D.puts forward提出。句意：他梦想有一天每个人都能在干净的水里游泳。根据后文"a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water."是有一天每个人都能在干净的水里游泳他的梦想。故选A。
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Martin Strel从小游泳，在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，同时他利用这项运动提高人们对水污染的意识。文章主要介绍了他对提高水污染意识所做出的努力。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词是否得当，意思是否正确。

36.【答案】【小题1】Unfortunately
【小题2】from
【小题3】asleep
【小题4】is
【小题5】cities
【小题6】concentrating
【小题7】a
【小题8】their
【小题9】where
【小题10】to make
【解析】（1）Unfortunately.考查副词。句意：不幸的是，你快乐的童年可能已经成为过去。用副词unfortunately （不幸的是）做状语，修饰后面整个句子，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。
（2）from.考查固定搭配。句意：最近的一项调查发现，许多人患有睡眠问题。固定搭配suffer from…（患有/遭受……）符合句意。故填from。
（3）asleep.考查固定搭配。句意：有些人无法入睡，有些人在半夜醒来，而其他人则无法得到充足的睡眠。固定搭配fall asleep （入睡）符合句意。故填asleep。
（4）is.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们晚上睡不好的原因之一是来自学校或工作的压力。此处缺乏谓语，讲述现在一般情况，用一般现在时，主语One of the reasons意为"原因之一"，单数，谓语单数形式。故填is。
（5）cities.考查名词。句意：大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。city是可数名词，此处用复数名词表泛指。故填cities。
（6）concentrating.考查动名词。句意：在短期内，有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲劳，注意力不集中。固定搭配have trouble （in） doing sth. （做某事有困难），concentrate用动名词形式。故填concentrating。
（7）a.考查冠词。句意：从长远来看，他们记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。此处泛指"一个糟糕的记忆力"，poor以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
（8）their.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们还在成长，夜晚是他们身体生长得更快的时候。此处用形容词性物主代词their （指青少年的）作定语，修饰名词bodies。故填their。
（9）where.考查定语从句。句意：睡眠不足的青少年可能会经历身体发育减慢的情况，他们的健康会受到影响。此处是定语从句，先行词是situations，先行词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
（10）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：所以，如果你有睡眠问题，也许是时候改变你的生活方式了。固定句型it be time to do sth. （是做某事的时候了），make用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们患有睡眠问题的原因、不良后果，并建议有睡眠问题的人是时候改变自己的生活方式了。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Dear David，
I am glad to hear that you want to visit my family.Welcome!（代表家人欢迎他）
If you are interested in Zongzi，my grandmother will teach you how to make it.【高分句型一】My grandfather is good at making kites.When you come here，he will take you to experience the joy of flying kites.【高分句型二】My aunt，who is famous for her skills of papercutting，hopes the skills can spread to the world，so she will teach you how to make paper cuts.At last，I will introduce the table manners to you.（学习内容：包粽子、放风筝、剪纸等）
Looking forward to your coming.（盼望）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：If you are interested in Zongzi，my grandmother will teach you how to make it.
译文：如果你对粽子感兴趣，我奶奶会教你怎么做。
分析：这句话使用了if引导的条件状语从句。
高分句型二：When you come here，he will take you to experience the joy of flying kites.
译文：当你来到这里时，他会带你去体验放风筝的乐趣。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的时间状语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

38.【答案】    Soon, I heard my parents calling my name. So I began calling back. A moment later, I saw the light of a flashlight. Following my voice and with Bubbles leading the way, my parents finally found me. They looked nervous and worried. After learning I was badly hurt, my parents quickly climbed down to me. They examined my cuts and my foot and decided that I had better not walk. Then, my father carried me on his back, down the mountain and to the nearest clinic, where a doctor was waiting for us.
    Later, my parents told me what Bubbles had done to get help. He quickly ran home and waited until my parents came home from work. He barked loudly at my parents. They were confused and thought the dog might be hungry at first. So they gave Bubbles some food, but he didn't stop barking. Suddenly, they realized I hadn't come back home with Bubbles as usual and that I must have been in trouble. At that moment, Bubbles ran out and my parents followed him closely. Bubbles remembered the way and led my parents to the spot.
【解析】一、文意梳理
【原文大意】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在早上带小狗泡泡去山上跑步，下山时决定去探索一条陌生的道路，途中滑倒，受了重伤，无法行动。泡泡觉察到作者的情况，回家求救。
【段落续写】
①由第一段首句内容“很快，我听到父母在叫我的名字。”可知，第一段可描写作者知道父母来找他了，大声回应。父母发现作者伤得很严重，父亲背作者下山，去找医生治疗。
②由第二段首句内容“后来，我的父母告诉我泡泡做了什么来获得帮助。”可知，第二段可描写父母解释泡泡是如何令他们意识到作者出意外了，并跟着泡泡找过来的。
二、线索厘清
【续写线索】
作者听见呼唤，回应父母——父母找到作者检查伤势——伤势很重，父亲背作者下山去找医生——告诉作者泡泡是如何救助的
【词汇激活】
行为类
①看见：see /catch sight of
②检查：examine /check
③意识到：realize /be aware of
情绪类
①发愁的：worried /anxious
②困惑的：confused /puzzled
三、范文鉴赏
【高分句式】
①After learning I was badly hurt, my parents quickly climbed down to me.（由动词的-ing形式作宾语，省略that的宾语从句）
②Later, my parents told me what Bubbles had done to get help.（由what引导的宾语从句）