高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题29+地球与宇宙奥秘探索-试卷

这是一份高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题29+地球与宇宙奥秘探索-试卷，共8页。试卷主要包含了______________n， astrnaut n， astrnmer n， astrnmy n，行星；地球n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题二十九 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.______________n.轨道；影响范围，势力范围
2.______________卫星；人造卫星；卫星国；卫星区
3.______________n.航天器，宇宙飞船
4. astronaut n.______________
5. astronomer n.______________
6. astronomy n.______________
7.行星；地球n.______________
8._______________n.宇宙；空地；空间；空隙；期间
9.______________n.望远镜
10.circle the moon_____________________________
11.explore the space____________________________
12.communication satellite_____________________________
13.weather satellite_____________________________
14.manned spaceship/spacecraft_____________________________
15.make a new discovery_____________________________
16. space shuttle____________________________
17.space station____________________________
18.solar system_____________________________
19.the outer space____________________________
20.have access to/be accessible to____________________________
词汇拓展
1.forbid v.禁止；不准；妨碍；阻碍；阻止
【搭配】 forbid sb.to do不准某人做某事
forbid doing允许做某事
sb.be forbidden to do sth.某人被禁止做
与forbid用法相同的还有advise,permit,allow等。
They_____________any ships to enter the water.他们禁止任何船舶进入这片水域.
My parents_____________me from having wine and cigarettes.
我父母不许我抽烟喝酒。
I think it a good idea to____________smoking in public places.
我认为在公共场所禁止吸烟是个好主意。
【辨析】 ban,forbid,prohibit都含有一定的“禁止”之意ban n.&vt.“禁止，禁令”(=formal prohibition),指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，含谴责或不赞成的态度，通常搭配形式：ban..from sth./doing sth.
forbid vt."禁止，不许",普通用语，比Prohibit通俗，用于较小事物，或个人、上级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，或客观条件不允许，通常搭配形式：forbid sb. to do sth.
prohibit vt."禁止，不准"(=forbid by authori-ty),指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式规定或规则，通常搭配形式：prohibit sb.from sth./doing sth.
2.run v.跑；奔跑；跑(某段距离);跑步；做跑步运动
n.跑；跑步；跑步的时间(或距离);(尤指短程或定期，乘交通工具的)旅程
【搭配】 in the long run从长远来看
in the short run从短期来看
run for the president竞选总统
run a hotel/store/language school经营一家旅店/商店/语言学校
He has no idea how to____________a business.他丝毫不懂企业管理。
The college____________summer courses for foreign students.
这所大学为外国学生开设暑期课程。
He had a scar____________down his left cheek.他左脸上竖着一道伤疤。
The permit____________for three months.许可证的有效期为三个月。
The tears____________down her cheeks.泪水顺着她的脸淌下来。
On advice from their lawyers,they decided not to_____________the story.
根据他们的律师的建议，他们决定不刊载这篇报道。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Until now,a big donation____________(receive)to save the patients.
2.—Oh no! We're too late. The train____________(leave).
—That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London.
3.So far this year we_____________(see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
4.The moment I got home,I found I____________(leave)my jacket on the playground.
5.Know more words and expressions and you____________(find)it easier to read and communicate.
二、翻译句子
1.进一所好大学只是实现梦想的第一步，在漫漫人生路上还有数不清的困难在等着我们。(admit)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.小明起了床，在屋子里来回踱步，等着电话铃响起。(wait)
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.她流露出的自信和善良，给了我很深的印象。(impress)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.好人好事范围很宽，可以包括向慈善机构捐款，也可以是帮助身边的有需要的人。(range)
_____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.orbit 2.satellite 3.spacecraft 4.宇航员 5.天文学家 6.天文学 7.planet 8.universe 9. telescope10.绕月 11.探索太空 12.通信卫星 13.气象卫星14.载人飞船 15.有新发现 16.航天飞机 17.太空站；空间站 18.太阳系 19.外层空间；外太空 20.能使用
词汇拓展
1.forbid;forbid;forbid
2.run;runs;running;runs;ran;run
活学活用
一、1.has been received 2.has left 3.have seen 4.had left 5.will find
二、1.Being admitted into a university is only the first step toward realizing our dreams, with countless difficulties awaiting us on our journeys of life.
2.Xiao Ming got out of the bed and paced back and forth in the room,waiting for the phone to ring.
3.I was impressed by the confidence and kindness(that/which)she had displayed.
4.Good deeds range widely,from donating to a charity to helping people in need who are around you.



第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）语法填空
On December 9th, Chinese astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu,   (1)   (conduct) the science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth, as they orbited in the Tiangong space station.
    They showed viewers   (2)   they lived and worked inside the space station. In response to   (3)   Hong Kong student's question about water, Wang said the water they drank was recycled, noting that there was no difference in taste between regular and   (4)   (recycle) water. "With a water recycling system, every drop of water   (5)   (make) full use of," she said.
    Wang said the astronauts might look   (6)   (fat) than they were on earth as the microgravity in space can affect blood circulation. Zhai introduced the   (7)   (special) designed uniform Ye was wearing during the class. According to Zhai, it is called a "penguin jumpsuit" and it has multiple elastic (有弹力的) bands inside to help the astronauts maintain their muscle   (8)   (strong).
    Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in the weightless environment in space, during   (9)   he compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity so as   (10)   (study) their changing rules and mechanisms.
【答案】1.conducted2.how3.a4.recycled5.is made6.fatter7.specially8.strength9.which10.to study
【知识点】一般过去时、形容词的比较级、动词的-ed形式作定语、副词修饰形容词、关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句、说明文、必备短语、地球与宇宙奥秘探索、连接副词how引导宾语从句、不可数名词、不定冠词
【解析】1.句意：12月9日，中国宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富在天宫空间站轨道上进行了距地球400公里的科学讲座。根据上文On December 9th可知为一般过去时。故填conducted。
2.句意：他们向观众展示了他们如何在空间站内生活和工作。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”应用how。故填how。
3.句意：在回答一名香港学生关于水的问题时，王说他们喝的水是循环水，并指出普通水和循环水在味道上没有区别。student为可数名词，此处为泛指应用不定冠词，且Hong是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
4.句意同上。修饰后文名词water应用形容词recycled（回收利用的），作定语。故填recycled。
5.句意：她说：“通过水循环系统，每一滴水都得到了充分利用。”主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为every drop of water，谓语用单数。故填is made。
6.句意：王说，由于太空中的微重力会影响血液循环，宇航员们可能会比在地球上看起来更胖。根据后文than they were on earth可知fat应用比较级形式。故填fatter。
7.句意：翟介绍了叶在课堂上穿的特制制服。修饰后文形容词designed应用副词specially，作状语。故填specially。
8.句意：据翟志刚介绍，它被称为“企鹅连体衣”，里面有多个橡皮筋，以帮助宇航员保持肌肉力量。作宾语，表示“力量”应用名词strength，不可数。故填strength。
9.句意：叶展示了在太空失重环境下细胞生长的相关实验，在实验中，他比较了人工重力和零重力下细胞的生长和形状，以研究它们的变化规律和机制。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词experiments，关系词作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
10.句意同上。此处为短语so as to do sth.，表示“以便……，为了……”。故填to study。

（B）阅读理解
From this issue, we explore why the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute hasn't turned up anything since its founding in the 1980s. (See page 30 for more.) We asked our Facebook followers: Do you think that astronomers will find evidence of alien life in your lifetime?
Loran McCormick: 1 think they already have it. Judging by the sudden industrialization, I figure they found something that's probably been here since before humans walked the Earth.
Jens Avery: We may find life, but it may not want anything to do with us. We are not very advanced and can't even get along with each other.
Steven Buhrow: I think the more important question is — will any government ever publicly admit it in our lifetime? I fully believe that we could discover alien life today and the government would simply say the public is not ready for this information.
Jenna Walsh: I think we already see it, but just don't realize what it is. Intelligent alien life probably doesn't want anything to do with the disaster that is Earth at this point, so no doubt they're playing it safe and observing from a safe distance.
Christopher Harvey: By alien life, do you mean intelligent alien life? Then no. It would be extremely hard to find, short of them coming down to Earth. But if you mean unintelligent alien life, like bacteria or single cell, we might.
1．Why did we ask the Facebook followers the question?
A．To question the efficiency of SETI.
B．To confirm the appearance of aliens on earth.
C．To ensure the existence of aliens.
D．To complain about the failure to find aliens.
2．Who doubts the ever visits of aliens to the earth?
A．Loran McCormick. B．Steven Buhrow.
C．Jenna Walsh. D．Christopher Harvey.
3．Where does this text probably come from?
A．An album. B．A science fiction.
C．A magazine. D．A travel guide.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是关于外星人是否存在的讨论。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“From this issue, we explore why the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute hasn't turned up anything since its founding in the 1980s.(从这一期开始，我们就来探究为什么自上世纪80年代成立以来，外星智能探索研究所(SETI)一直没有发现任何东西)”可知，SETI这个项目上世纪80年代后就没有现身说法了，可推断，问Facebook的粉丝这个问题是质疑其是否取得进展。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Christopher Harvey的陈述“By alien life, do you mean intelligent alien life? Then no.(你说的外星生命，是指有智慧的外星生命吗？那么就是没有)”可知，Christopher Harvey否认了有智力的外星生物的存在。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，这是一个问题和讨论，不会出现在专辑、科幻小说或者导游手册里，只可能出现在杂志上。故选C。
（C）完形填空
Space exploration has always been the province of 21 ：The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力）struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries 22 the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the 23 's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous 24 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and 25 American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 26 each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 27 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no 28 . The perpetual argument is that 29 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury— 30 saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, 31 out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 32 of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off 33 they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can 34 what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is 35 greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
6．A．dreamers B．explorers C．astronomers D．novelists
7．A．after B．before C．until D．while
8．A．year B．quarter C．century D．decade
9．A．inspiring B．public C．dream D．freedom
10．A．attacked B．industrialized C．transformed D．accessed
11．A．in conflict with B．in line with C．in common with D．keeping pace with
12．A．aims B．influence C．concerns D．terms
13．A．ancestor B．successor C．forefather D．advocate
14．A．situations B．securities C．funds D．schedules
15．A．just like B．on condition that C．as if D．so that
16．A．making B．figuring C．sweeping D．mapping
17．A．reach B．range C．control D．knowledge
18．A．productions B．chips C．technologies D．substitutes
19．A．go beyond B．go through C．go after D．go over
20．A．In ignorance of B．capable of C．proud of D．in favor of
【答案】21．A22．B23．D24．C25．C26．A27．A28．B29．C30．C31．D32．A33．C34．A35．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而人类的创造力也紧追不舍，最终将人类送上了太空。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领域:人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。A. dreamers梦想家；B. explorers探险家；C. astronomers天文学家；D. novelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the human imagination,因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. until直到……才……；D. while当……时候。根据句意和常识可知，是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时，这句话也有一种梦幻般的意味。A. year年；B. quarter一刻钟；C. century世纪；D. decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end of the decade,因此选用decade。故选D。
24．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志，就像马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. public公众的；C. dream梦想；D. freedom自由。全文集中讲述梦想，所以是梦想演讲。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都取得了具体成果，改变了美国社会。A. attacked攻击；B. industrialized使工业化；C. transformed转变；D. accesse接近。空格是动词过去分词修饰名词，转型后的社会。故选C。
26．考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。A. in conflict with和……冲突；B. in line with符合，与……一致；C. in common with与……一样；D. keeping pace with 跟上。句子中yet 形成转折，因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上，无论是比喻上还是字面上，它都是超凡脱俗的。A. aims目标；B. influence影响；C. concerns关心；D. terms条款。根据上文The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite.可知，此处是指目标上。故选A。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束，没有继任者。A. ancestor祖先；B. successor继承人；C. forefather先辈；D. advocate拥护者。与前句中的has just come to an end,选择太空飞船计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。 A. situations状况；B. securities证券；C. funds资金，基金；D. schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit联邦财政赤字对应应该是财政吃紧。故选C。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：到达太空是非必需品的奢侈品，好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能达到我们的目的。A. just like正如；B. on condition that如果；C. as if好像；D. so that 以便。根据句意，尤其是空前的破折号可知，此处是一种比方。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论探险者是人还是机器。 A. making制作；B. figuring计算；C. sweeping打扫；D. mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Magellans可知，此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D 。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年后，富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。 A. reach范围；B. range范围；C. control控制；D. knowledge知识。within reach of 够得到，结合句意。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式，或者因为他们生产的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。A. productions产品；B. chips炸薯条；C. technologies技术；D. substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知，此处是指技术。故选C。
34．考查动词短语义辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)和约翰·肯尼迪(John Kennedy)都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。A. go beyond超出；B. go through经历；C. go after追求；D. go over复习。根据下文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 明天我们也将超越这些，而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知，此处是指超出了固有的局限性。故选A。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们收集到的证据越多，表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业，我们就会取得越多的成就。A.in ignorance of不知道；B. capable of能够；C. proud of为……自豪；D. in favor of支持。根据上文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit.可知，这些都是我们的能力。故选B。