【备战2024年高考】（全国通用版）英语新热点时文阅读01 神舟十四号-试卷

高考英语新热点时文阅读-神舟十四号

01

（2022·河北·高三开学考试）Liu Yang, China’s first female astronaut, reportedly, has touched the hearts of millions with a letter to her two children that was made public after she set off into space for the second time earlier this month.

“You’re my strongest armor (盔甲) and softest spot. I didn’t allow you to see me off at the launch site because I was afraid that I would burst into tears, ”Liu wrote in the letter to her daughter, 8, and son, 6, just days before being launched into space for the second time on June 5 on the Shenzhou XIV mission.

Liu, 43, became China’s first female astronaut in 2012, when she spent 13 days in space during the Shenzhou IX mission. During the Shenzhou XIV mission, she will stay at the Tiangong space station for six months, working with two male colleagues to complete the construction of the station.

Many people said that Liu’s words allowed them to see that a national hero is also an ordinary mother, and they wished for her safe return.

“Liu fully expressed her love for her children in the letter. It brought tears to my eyes,” commented one netizen on Sina Weibo, China’s Twitter-like micro-blogging platform.

“I feel more confident and relaxed," Liu told the media ahead of the launch of the Shenzhou XIV mission.

“When I was about to return to the orbital module during the Shenzhou IX mission, I stopped and turned around to salute (致敬) the experimental space station module that I stayed in. At that moment, I told myself that I would come back to space in the near future. I didn’t expect the ‘near future’ to be a decade long,” Liu said.

In the letter, she encouraged her children not to be afraid of failure while pursuing their dreams. Liu added that she felt sorry that she could not be there for her son on his first day at primary school. “Although I cannot be with you, I won’t love you any less,” she wrote in the letter. “My babies, if you miss me, just look up into the starry sky. Every time you see the stars twinkle, it’s because I’ m saying ‘I love you’.”

1．What is the common reason for Liu’s and netizen’s tears?

A．Liu’s affection for her children. B．Liu’s indifferent expressions.

C．Liu’s separation from her family. D．Liu’s refusal to meet with her kids.

2．Which of the following best describes Liu taking over the Shenzhou XIV mission?

A．Considerate and excited. B．Talkative and expectant.

C．Ready and honest. D．Confident and equipped.

3．What is Liu’s purpose of writing this letter?

A．To encourage kids to try. B．To say goodbye to her children.

C．To catch public attention. D．To praise the spirit of space.

4．From which is the text probably taken?

A．A science magazine. B．A woman autobiography.

C．A Chinese textbook. D．A news coverage.

02

（2022·吉林·长春十一高高二）

Shenzhou XIV mission blasts off

The Shenzhou XIV mission—China's ninth manned spaceflight was launched successfully on Sunday morning from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern Gobi Desert.

____5____ three crew members – Senior Colonel Chen Dong, Senior Colonel Liu Yang and Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe—will stay in the Tiangong space station for half a year.

Before them the Shenzhou XII and XIII three-member crews lived inside the Tiangong, ____6____ is traveling in low-Earth orbit about 400 kilometers high.

In early May, the Tianzhou 4 cargo spacecraft was launched by a Long March 7 rocket from Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, ____7____ (transport) nearly 6 metric tons of propellants and materials to Tiangong.

Tiangong consists of the Tianhe core module, the Tianzhou 3 and the Tianzhou 4.

In July, the station's first lab component—Wentian, or Quest for the Heavens – will be launched, while the second lab ____8____ (name) Mengtian, or Dreaming of the Heavens, will be sent to dock with the station in October. After they are connected with the Tiangong, the station will form a T-shaped structure.

The Tiangong is expected ____9____ (operate) for up to 15 years and will serve as a scientific platform, space officials have said, noting it will also be open to foreign astronauts.

03

（2022·安徽宣城·高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

BEIJING－Taikonauts of the Shenzhou XIV crew will carry out 24 in－orbit medical experiments during their six－month stay in China’s space station, according to the China Manned Space Agency.

These space medical experiments are mainly designed to study how the ____10____(weight) environment and spaceflights affect taikonauts, said Li Yinghui, deputy chief designer of China’s manned space program taikonaut system.

____11____ (compare) with previous crewed missions, the Shenzhou XIV will collect body fluid samples, ____12____(include) taikonauts’ blood, urine, and saliva(唾液) . The trio (三人组) will also use special methods to measure muscle ____13____(lose) and analyze urine metabolites (代谢物) .

Li also noted that the body data ____14____(collect) by the previous Shenzhou XII and Shenzhou XIII taikonauts has laid ____15____good foundation for the research by the Shenzhou XIV crew.

China on June 5th, 2022 ____16____ (launch) the three－person Shenzhou XIV mission, ____17____ is the third crew for the country’s space station project. The taikonaut trio will cooperate ____18____ the ground team _____19_____ (complete) the assembly and construction of the Tiangong space station. They will also work in its experiment capsules for scientific exploration of life, ecology, and biotechnology.

04

（2022·江苏省阜宁中学高一）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当得单词或括号内单词得正确形式。

Shenzhou XIII taikonauts’ six-month stay at the Tiangong space station is wrapping up. Now they face one last test of their scientific and space travel skills—returning home safely. What needs to be done before leaving ____20____ space station in mid-April?

Besides their personal ____21____(belong), astronauts also need to “pack” experimental data and samples, so they can be further researched on Earth. And they have to tidy up a large number of materials, ____22____(include) goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft.

Since the space station has no room service, the three astronauts need to “clean the house”____23____(they). The waste is then put into the orbital module, which burns as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.

They also have to put all equipment ____24____ place correctly since there will be a gap of more than one month ____25____ the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station. The crew members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, ____26____(fix) to the walls to avoid floating and slipping.

Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, ____27____ has an effect on their bodies. This includes a loss of fluid, muscle atrophy as well as bone loss. ____28____(ensure) their safe and sound return, the three taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscle for the return to Earth. ____29____(base) on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts have customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them.

Just like a house that will be empty for a long time must have its water and power switched off, taikonauts need to check everything before they leave.

参考答案：

1．A    2．D    3．B    4．D

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国第一位女性宇航员刘洋，在第二次升空后给孩子留的信感动了数百万人的故事。

1．细节理解题。根据第二段“You’re my strongest armor and softest spot. I didn’t allow you to see me off at the launch site because I was afraid that I would burst into tears (你是我最坚强的盔甲，也是我最柔软的地方。我不让你去发射场为我送行，因为我怕我会哭出来)” 以及第五段“Liu fully expressed her love for her children in the letter. It brought tears to my eyes (刘在信中充分表达了她对孩子们的爱，这让我热泪盈眶)”可知，使刘洋和网友流泪的主要原因是刘洋对她孩子的深深的爱。故选A。

2．推理判断题。根据第六段“I feel more confident and relaxed (我感到更加自信和放松)”以及第七段“I stopped and turned around to salute the experimental space station module that I stayed in. At that moment, I told myself that I would come back to space in the near future. I didn’t expect the ‘near future’ to be a decade long (我停下脚步，转过身来，向我所在的空间站实验舱致敬。在那一刻，我告诉自己在不久的将来我会回到太空。 我没想到“不久的将来”会是十年 )”可知，刘洋对这次任务是自信的而且有万全准备的。故选D。

3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Liu added that she felt sorry that she could not be there for her son on his first day at primary school. (刘补充说，她很遗憾不能在儿子上小学的第一天陪伴在他身边。)”以及“Although I cannot be with you, I won’t love you any less (虽然我不能和你在一起，但我不会减少对你的爱)”可知，正是因为刘洋对离开她的孩子的不舍之情和对她孩子的爱她才写这封信向她的孩子们告别。故选B。

4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Liu Yang, China’s first female astronaut, reportedly, has touched the hearts of millions with a letter to her two children that was made public after she set off into space for the second time earlier this month. (据报道，中国首位女宇航员刘洋在本月早些时候第二次升空后，给两个孩子写了一封信，这封信被公之于众，感动了数百万人的心。)”可知，文章最有可能出自新闻报道。故选D。

5．The    6．which    7．transporting    8．named    9．to operate

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述周日上午，神舟十四号载人飞船——中国第九次载人航天飞行——在西北戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射。

5．考查冠词。句意：三名船员——陈东大校，刘洋大校和蔡旭哲大校——将在天宫太空站驻留半年时间。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词，根据句意可知，这是特指三名太空人员，所以应用冠词the，放句首首字母大写，所以填The。故填The。

6．考查定语从句。句意：在他们之前，神舟十二号和十三号机组人员，均为三名成员，也曾在天宫空间站驻留，该空间站在大约400公里高的低地球轨道上运行。分析句子结构可知，“the Tiangong”为先行词，空格处应填非限制性定语从句的引导词，且先行词指物且在从句中充当主语，所以应填which。故填which。

7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在五月份早期，天舟四号货运飞船是由海南省的文昌航天发射中心用长征7号火箭发射的，向天宫运送了近六公吨推进剂和材料。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语“the Tianzhou 4 cargo spacecraft”之间的关系为主动，所以应填transporting。故填transporting。

8．考查非谓语动词。句意：七月份时，空间站的第一个空间实验室——“问天”——将会被发射，而命名为“梦天”的第二个实验室将于十月被发射与空间站对接。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，且与所修饰词“the second lab”之间的关系为被动，所以应填named。故填named。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意：太空官员表示，天宫预计将运行长达十五年，并将作为一个科学平台，并指出它也将对外国宇航员开放。sth./sb. be expected to do sth.表示“被预计做某事”，根据语法结构以及句意可知，空格处应填to operate。故填to operate。

10．weightless    11．Compared    12．including    13．loss    14．collected    15．a    16．launched    17．which    18．with    19．to complete

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟十四号的宇航员将在中国空间站将要进行的在轨医学实验的情况。

10．考查形容词。句意：中国载人航天工程航天员系统副总设计师李英辉表示，这些太空医学实验主要是为了研究失重环境和太空飞行对航天员的影响。依据空后的名词environment可知应用形容词形式作定语，结合句意，此处表示失重环境下对宇航员的影响。故填weightless。

11．考查固定搭配。句意：与以往的载人任务相比，神舟十四号将收集航天员的体液样本，包括血液、尿液和唾液。表示“与……相比”应compared with，固定搭配，位于句首，首字母需大写。作状语。故填Compared。

12．考查介词。句意：与以往的载人任务相比，神舟十四号将收集航天员的体液样本，包括血液、尿液和唾液。结合句意及空后的名词taikonauts’ blood, urine, and saliva可知应填介词形式including，意为“包含；包括”。故填including。

13．考查名词。句意：三人组也将使用特殊的方法来测量肌肉损失和分析尿液代谢物。结合句意此处表示测量肌肉损失，与后文的analyze urine metabolites并列，应用名词形式作宾语，故填loss。

14．考查非谓语动词。句意：李还指出，之前神舟十二号和神舟十三号航天员收集的人体数据为神舟十四号航天员的研究奠定了良好的基础。分析句子结构及句意可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，作后置定语修饰名词data，data与collect之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填collected。

15．考查冠词。句意：李还指出，之前神舟十二号和神舟十三号航天员收集的人体数据为神舟十四号航天员的研究奠定了良好的基础。短语lay a good foundation for意为“为……奠定良好的基础”，固定搭配。故填a。

16．考查动词时态。句意：中国于2022年6月5日发射了三人神舟十四号任务，这是中国空间站项目的第三次载人任务。根据时间状语on June 5th, 2022可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填launched。

17．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中国于2022年6月5日发射了三人神舟十四号任务，这是中国空间站项目的第三次载人任务。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the three－person Shenzhou XIV mission，从句缺主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。

18．考查介词。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的组装和建设，航天员三人组将与地面团队合作。cooperate with意为“与……合作”，固定搭配。故填with。

19．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的组装和建设，航天员三人组将与地面团队合作。结合句意此处表示目的，应用不定式。故填to complete。

20．the    21．belongings    22．including    23．themselves    24．in    25．before    26．are fixed    27．which    28．To ensure    29．Based

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位宇航员在离开中国空间站前需要做的事情。

20．考查冠词。句意：在4月中旬离开空间站之前需要做什么?此处特指中国的空间站，应用定冠词the修饰名词space。故填the。

21．考查名词。句意：除了个人物品，宇航员还需要“打包”实验数据和样本，以便在地球上进行进一步研究。空处应填名词作besides的宾语，belonging“所有物”符合题意，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填belongings。

22．考查介词。句意：他们必须整理大量的物资，包括天舟3号货运飞船上的货物。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应填介词including，表示“包括”。故填including。

23．考查反身代词。句意：由于空间站没有客房服务，这三名宇航员需要自己“打扫房间”。结合句意表示“他们亲自”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。

24．考查介词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意表达“在适当的位置”用in place。故填in。

25．考查连词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句，指“宇航员进入空间站之前一个多月”。故填before。

26．考查时态和语态。句意：工作人员需要确保一些物品，如健身器材，被固定在墙上，以避免漂浮和滑动。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词need判断为一般现在时，主语items和fix之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are fixed。

27．考查定语从句。句意：宇航员在空间站停留期间长时间处于微重力状态，这对他们的身体有影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

28．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保他们的安全和健康返回，三名宇航员一直在进行体育锻炼，以训练他们的肌肉，以便返回地球。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处为目的状语，应用不定式。故填To ensure。

29．考查形容词作状语。句意：专家们根据在轨体检结果和数据，为他们制定了健身计划。be based on“以……为基础，基于……”，此处省略be用形容词作状语。故填Based。