【备战2024年高考】（全国通用版）英语新热点时文阅读12 环境保护-试卷

这是一份【备战2024年高考】（全国通用版）英语新热点时文阅读12 环境保护-试卷，共13页。试卷主要包含了B．13， 推理判断题，  推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高考英语新热点时文阅读-环境保护

题型
主要内容
1
阅读理解
因为目前的雪碧瓶子无法被循环利用，因此可口可乐公司宣布将用透明的瓶子取代绿色的瓶子。
2
阅读理解
介绍了三星公司Rathore和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用于制作三星Galaxy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。
3
阅读理解
介绍了科学家推出仿生机器人鱼以清除海洋中的微塑料。
4
阅读理解
西藏自治区的一个偏远村庄新开的小市场吸引了大量顾客。（人们可以用）垃圾兑换商品，这是其（该市场）成功的秘诀。
5
阅读理解
印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。

01

（2022·河北·高三阶段练习）Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday that it will begin transitioning (转变) from green to clear plastic on Aug. I to increase the material’s likelihood of being remade into new beverage (饮料) bottles. The beverage giant is committed to making 100% of its packaging recyclable by 2025 and using at least 50% recycled material in its packaging by 2030.
Sprite, an important brand of Coca-Cola, currently uses plastic bottles containg a green additive called Polyethylene Telephthalate (PET). These bottles are commonly changed into single-use items like clothing and carpeting that can’t be recycled into new PET bottles.
“Taking colors out of bottles improves the quality of the recycled material,” said Julian Ochoa, CEO of R3CYCLE, which is working with Coca-Cola to improve bottle-to-bottle recycling. “When recycled, clear PET Sprite bottles can be remade into bottles, helping drive a circular economy for plastic.”
Sprite, the popular lemon-flavored soft drink, which first hit shelves in 1961, is also getting a new logo and packaging design. Sprite’s packaging will keep the brand’s recognizable green colour and include noticeable “Recycle Me” message. Other drinks that use green bottles, including Fresca, Seagram’s, and Mello Yello, will also transition to clear packaging in the coming months.
Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been criticized for contributing to the world’s plastic pollution. In 2021, both companies ranked as the world’s top plastic polluters for the 4th consecutive (连续的) year by the environmental organization Break Free From Plastic. Global beach cleanups were carried out by more than 11,000 volunteers in 45 countries to identify the most common plastic polluters. Break Free From Plastic found that 20,000 Coca-Cola branded products were picked up, representing more pollution than the next two top polluters combined.
Coca-Cola announced its “World Without Waste” sustainable packaging program in 2018, in which it promised to make all of its packaging recyclable — excluding the caps and labels — as well as have at least 25% of its beverages sold in refillable packaging by 2030.
1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To state the main idea of the text. B．To introduce Coca-Cola’s new product.
C．To give the news’ background information. D．To draw people’s s attention to Coca-Cola.
2．What do we know about green bottles from the text?
A．Their material is of low quality.
B．They can only be changed into single-use items.
C．They contain more pollutants than clear bottles.
D．They are more expensive to recycle.
3．What did Break Free From Plastic find?
A．20,000 Coca-Cola products were produced in 2021.
B．Plastic was the most common polluter in 45 countries.
C．The top three and four polluters made less pollution than Coca-Cola in 2021.
D．Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were responsible for the environmental protection.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Coca-Cola’s releasing new soft drinks.
B．“Recycle Me” message on the clear Sprite bottle.
C．Colored bottles decreasing the quality of the recycled material.
D．Sprite retiring its signature green plastic bottles after more than 60 years.
02
（江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试英语试题）Plastic fishing nets, the so-called ghost nets, abandoned yearly in the sea—about 1 million tons—are more than just rubbish; they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.
Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets. Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time. The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones, tablets, and computers, thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.
It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability (耐用).
To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (颗粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example, two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.
“That’s the hope for the globe and our mission,” Rathore smiles.
5．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Rubbish in the sea. B．Recycling the deadly nets.
C．Ocean species’ extinction. D．Ghost nets’ threat to sea life.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The low level of durability of nylon. B．The second act of waste fishing nets.
C．The great difficulty in reusing ghost nets. D．The positive comment on Samsung’s products.
7．What is special about Samsung’s new Galaxy products?
A．They are made from tiny nylon pellets. B．They put an end to the problem of fishing nets.
C．They can stand up to water and severe weather. D．They contain materials recycled from ghost nets.
8．What can we learn about Rathore’s work?
A．It makes plastic easier to break down. B．It marks the shift of Samsung’s mission.
C．It protects the planet from choking on plastic. D．It raises public awareness of ocean exploration.
03
（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次验收考试英语试卷）Chinese scientists have developed a fish-shaped light-actuated(光驱动的)swimming robot that can “eat” microplastics in water bodies and repair itself if damaged.
Microplastics, pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters, are numerous and widely distributed in the ocean. They are easily eaten by marine organisms(海洋生物)and transmitted through the food chain, presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health.
Inspired by nacre, also known as mother of pearl, a strong, durable and flexible material obtained from hard shells. scientists from Sichuan University modeled nacre’s graphene-based gradient nanostructure(石墨烯基梯度纳米结构)to create a durable, flexible and self-repairing nanocomposite(纳米复合材料)，according to a study published in the journal Nano Letters.
The research team then used the new material to develop a 15-mm fish-like soft robot, enabling it to swim rapidly and absorb microplastics in water. “Soft robots need to have high adaptability and environmental tolerance when working in complex water environments,” said Wang Yuyan, the first author of the research paper, who added that existing traditional soft robots are generally made of rubber, which poorly performed in mechanical capacity, easily damaged and have difficulty integrating (整合)functions.
The study showed that compared with traditional uniformly dispersed(均匀分散的) material structures, the new material used in the fish-shaped soft robot has many supramolecular (超分子)interactions between layers, allowing the robot to recover its stability and functionality even when damaged and continue its microplastic harvesting operations.
The robotic fish can swim at a speed of 2. 67 times its body length per second, exceeding the speeds of previously reported soft swimmers and comparable to the speed of other small forms of plant and animal life that live in water.
At present, the soft robot can only achieve the function of directionally collecting microplastics from the water surface. All these functions need to be developed and improved before large-scale application.
The researchers are currently working on a new material that could detect microplastic underwater and share live data online, the paper said.
The new nanostructural design is expected to offer an effective extended path to other integrated robots and to be applied in many fields such as solar power generation, chemical reaction catalysis (催化),bio-medicine and aerospace.
Click www. Nanostructure. com. for more information, but members only.
9．How is the fifth paragraph developed?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparison. D．By reasoning.
10．The fish-shaped light-actuated robot can swim at about ________ millimeters per second.
A．5. B．13. 5. C．15. D．40
11．Why hasn’t the robot fish been put into large-scale application?
A．The materials are too rare to find. B．Its function needs to be perfected.
C．The nanostructure is not stable enough. D．The fish robot is rather easily damaged.
12．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The robot fish is used to detect microplastic underwater.
B．Microplastics indirectly have a bad effect on human beings.
C．The rubber-made robot fish is self-healing and has environmental tolerance.
D．The new nanostructural design has already been applied in solar power generation.
04
（2022·湖南怀化·高二开学考试）In less than two months, a newly opened minimarket in a remote village in Xigaze City, southwest China's Tibet, has attracted a large number of customers. The secret behind its success is the idea “rubbish for goods”. Villagers can redeem (兑换) goods with used cartons (硬纸盒) and drink bottles.
Early in the morning, Drukhyun, the first secretary of Chumik Village, came to check the stock (库存). “More and more people are coming to redeem goods and we need to timely ensure plentiful stocks,” Drukhyun said. Yet the move was not quite well received in the beginning, until they put their eyes on the pupils. The children used recyclables in exchange for snacks and soon the news spread. Now over 100 villagers have redeemed goods with a value of over 5, 100 yuan.
The market has also provided jobs for four local residents that once lived under the poverty line, each earning a monthly salary of 3, 000 yuan. Tenzin Drolma is responsible for counting and weighing the goods. “Thanks to the market, I can get such a meaningful job. Local residents are highly motivated and I'm pretty busy every day.”
Since a rule of sorting the waste into categories (种类) in Lhasa was carried out in November 2020, several green markets have opened one after another. In another similar supermarket in Lhasa, the shelves are filled with edible oil, washing liquid, toothpaste and other daily products. All the products are only available by redeeming points. One kilogram of plastic waste can be redeemed for 13 points while one kilogram of cartons is worth of 5 points.
Technology has also made the low-carbon lifestyle smarter and cleaner. In a community in Lhasa's Chengguan District, the intelligent recycling bins can calculate the weight and upload (上传) the redeemed points to cards of local residents. “When the trash bins are full, it will automatically remind the cleaning staff to empty them,” said Pendran, director of the district's waste sorting office.
13．What do we know about the minimarket in Tibet?
A．It was an immediate success when first founded.
B．It began to spread with the help the local kids.
C．It was not accepted for environmental damage.
D．It allowed villagers to buy daily goods with cash.
14．How does the minimarket affect the local area?
A．It starts the local rule of waste sorting.
B．It helps the locals get rid of poverty.
C．It offers more diverse goods for the locals.
D．It provides employment opportunities.
15．What is Tenzin Drolma's attitude towards the minimarket?
A．Appreciative. B．Worried. C．Disapproving. D．Uncertain.
16．What can the intelligent cycling bins do?
A．Make cards for local residents. B．Sort the waste into several categories.
C．Figure out the value of the recycles. D．Remind the residents to empty the bin.
05
（2022·河北·石家庄二中实验学校高三开学考试）Fashion designers are always looking for new materials to work with. Lately, it’s all about environment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibers! What if you want such a pair of shoes? Thaely is here to help.
This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution. Led by 23-year-old Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have found a winning approach: making shoes out of plastic grocery bags. “Thaely” means “plastic bag” in the Hindi language.
“I was looking to create footwear that is cost-effective and safe for the environment,” Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. “I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste. ”Plastic bags were the perfect solution. He said five trillion plastic bags are used around the world each year. “I was motivated to find a solution to this problem,” Bhave said.
That solution was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely from plastic bags, the material looks and feels like leather. That sounds promising. Better yet, the production process requires no additional chemicals and produces no poisonous by-products. The result is a smart-looking pair of white low-top sneakers.
Bhave wouldn’t expose the full process for making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair of shoes was made from up to 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bottles. Where do they get the materials? Bhave told Elle that was the hardest part. “The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags. ”
Finally, they got help from TrioTap Technologies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they offered to collect the bags and also process them into ThaelyTex.
So far, it seems like things are falling into place. There are already hundreds of pre-orders in place. It sounds like they have some plans for the future. “We have a few more colors coming up,” said Bhave. They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing. Let’s hope their growth is also friendly to the environment.
17．Why did Bhave choose to make shoes out of plastic bags?
A．To set a new footwear trend.
B．To test new materials for footwear.
C．To reduce the use of plastic bags in his home country.
D．To use recycled plastic in an environment-friendly way.
18．What was the most difficult task for Bhave?
A．Having a few more colors for Thaely. B．Processing plastic bags into ThaelyTex.
C．Collecting enough production materials D．Dealing with many poisonous by-products
19．The underlined part“put out”in the last paragraph probably means__________.
A．produce B．conserve
C．provide D．broadcast
20．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Bhave: a promising young man
B．Thaely: killer of waste plastic bags
C．ThaelyTex: material out of plastic bags
D．TrioTap Technologies: a waste management plant


参考答案：
1．A    2．B    3．C    4．D

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。因为目前的雪碧瓶子无法被循环利用，因此可口可乐公司宣布将用透明的瓶子取代绿色的瓶子。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday that it will begin transitioning (转变) from green to clear plastic on Aug.(可口可乐周三宣布，将从8月1日起开始从绿色塑料过渡到透明塑料)”可知，这是一篇新闻报道。由此推知，第一段的目的是陈述文章的主旨。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These bottles are commonly changed into single-use items like clothing and carpeting that can’t be recycled into new PET bottles.(这些瓶子通常被换成一次性物品，如衣服和地毯，不能回收成新的PET瓶)”可知，绿色瓶子只能被回收做成一次性用品，而不能再做成饮料瓶子。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been criticized for contributing to the world’s plastic pollution. In 2021, both companies ranked as the world’s top plastic polluters for the 4th consecutive (连续的) year by the environmental organization Break Free From Plastic.(可口可乐和百事可乐都因造成世界塑料污染而受到批评。2021年，这两家公司连续第四年成为世界头号塑料污染企业。)”和“Break Free From Plastic found that 20,000 Coca-Cola branded products were picked up, representing more pollution than the next two top polluters combined.(Break Free From Plastic发现，有2万种可口可乐品牌的产品被回收，这比排在后面的两大污染源的污染总和还要多)”可知，可口可乐公司所造成的污染比位居污染排行榜第三和第四的总量还要大。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday that it will begin transitioning (转变) from green to clear plastic on Aug.(可口可乐周三宣布，将从8月1日起开始从绿色塑料过渡到透明塑料)”及下文陈述可知，本篇文章报道了雪碧的绿色瓶子要退出历史舞台，被透明瓶子取代。故选D。
5．D    6．C    7．D    8．C

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了三星公司Rathore和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用于制作三星Galaxy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。
5．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的ghost nets（幽灵网）以及“they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.（它们是杀手。鱼类，海鸟和海龟会被渔网捕获然后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。）”可知海洋生物被渔网捕获后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险；第二段第一句“Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.（因对此感到非常震惊，三星的材料科学工程师和材料研发经理Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队为自己设定了为这个致命的网赋予新生命的任务。）”可知Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队想要赋予这个致命的网新生命，因为他们对此感到震惊，即对这个致命的网所带来的危害感到震惊才会想办法去解决这个问题，故推知划线单词this的意思是指上文提到的这个幽灵网给海洋生物所造成的威胁，故选D项。
6．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability (耐用).（让废旧渔网重获新生并不是一个小任务。这个网通常由一种称为尼龙的物质制成，这种物质在海洋中放置的时间越长，暴露在阳光下的时间越长，就会急剧降解。“这使得几乎不可能直接使用废弃的渔网，”Rathore解释说。此外，高性能智能手机、平板电脑或PC必须防水，并且能够承受恶劣的天气。渔网中的尼龙远远达不到那种耐用性的水平。）”可知本段内容主要讲述渔网主要成分是尼龙，在海洋中和阳光下时间越长越容易分解，不符合制作手机、电脑等所需材料的耐用性，所以几乎不能直接回收利用废弃的渔网，如果是几乎不能直接使用的东西又必须利用起来的话，那这之间必然存在着巨大困难；综上所述，故本段主要讲述重复使用幽灵网的难度很大，故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time.（上个月，三星首次展示了由部分回收塑料渔网制成的Galaxy系列新产品。）”可知，Galaxy系列新产品的特别之处在于其含有从幽灵网中回收的材料，故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (颗粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example, two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.（为了解决这个问题，三星去年夏天与两个合作伙伴进行了合作：一个合作伙伴负责收集和改造这些渔网，将其制成微小的尼龙颗粒，另一个负责增强渔网的韧性和耐久性。最终的结果是：合作伙伴偶然发现了一种环保的高性能塑料材料，这种材料正被用来制造其最新产品系列的零部件。例如，Galaxy S22手机的两个部分——钥匙支架和内盖——就是用这些渔网塑料制成的。三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。）”可知 Rathore的团队与合作伙伴在对渔网进行处理以至于其被重复利用的时候，合作伙伴偶然发现了一种环保的高性能塑料材料，并用于制作三星最新产品系列的零部件，从而实现了对渔网的重复使用，而三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料，这必然会大量回收和利用废弃渔网，从而减少地球上的废弃渔网数量，故推知Rathore的工作可以保护地球不被塑料堵塞，故选C项。
9．C    10．D    11．B    12．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家推出仿生机器人鱼以清除海洋中的微塑料。
9．推理判断题。根据第五段“The study showed that compared with traditional uniformly dispersed(均匀分散的) material structures, the new material used in the fish-shaped soft robot has many supramolecular (超分子)interactions between layers, allowing the robot to recover its stability and functionality even when damaged and continue its microplastic harvesting operations.(研究表明，与传统的均匀分散的材料结构相比，鱼形软机器人所使用的新材料在层与层之间具有许多超分子相互作用，使得机器人即使在损坏时也能恢复其稳定性和功能，并继续其微塑料收集作业。)”可推断，本段是通过比较展开的。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“The research team then used the new material to develop a 15-mm fish-like soft robot, enabling it to swim rapidly and absorb microplastics in water.(研究团队随后使用这种新材料开发了一个15毫米长的鱼状软机器人，使其能够快速游泳，并吸收水中的微塑料。)”和第六段“The robotic fish can swim at a speed of 2. 67 times its body length per second, exceeding the speeds of previously reported soft swimmers and comparable to the speed of other small forms of plant and animal life that live in water. (这种机器鱼的游泳速度是其体长的2. 67倍/秒，超过了之前报道的软性游泳者的速度，与生活在水中的其他小型动植物的速度相当。)”可知，15*2. 67=40.05，所以这个鱼形的光驱动机器人可以以大约每秒40毫米的速度游泳。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第七段“At present, the soft robot can only achieve the function of directionally collecting microplastics from the water surface. All these functions need to be developed and improved before large-scale application. (目前，该软机器人只能实现从水面定向采集微塑料的功能。在大规模应用之前，这些功能都需要开发和改进。)”可推断，这种机器鱼还没有大规模投入使用，是因为其功能有待完善。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“They are easily eaten by marine organisms and transmitted through the food chain, presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health. (它们很容易被海洋生物吃掉，并通过食物链传播，对人类和生态系统健康构成严重威胁。)”可知，微塑料间接对人类产生不良影响。故选B。
13．B    14．D    15．A    16．C

【导语】本文是说明文。西藏自治区的一个偏远村庄新开的小市场吸引了大量顾客。（人们可以用）垃圾兑换商品，这是其（该市场）成功的秘诀。
【详解】1.  细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet the move was not quite well received in the beginning, until they put their eyes on the pupils. The children used recyclables in exchange for snacks and soon the news spread. ”(一开始这个举措并不太受欢迎，直到他们把目光投向了学生。不久之后，孩子用可回收材料换取零食消息很快就在村庄里传开了。)可知，在当地孩子的帮助下，它开始传播。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The market has also provided jobs for four local residents that once lived under the poverty line, each earning a monthly salary of 3, 000 yuan.”(该市场还为4位曾经生活在贫困线以下的当地居民提供了就业机会，他们每个人的月薪为3000元)可知，小市场对当地的影响是它提供就业机会。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Thanks to the market, I can get such a meaningful job. ”(多亏了市场，我能得到一份如此有意义的工作。)可知，Tenzin Drolma对此举措是心怀感激的。故选A。
4.  推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a community in Lhasa's Chengguan District, the intelligent recycling bins can calculate the weight and upload (上传) the redeemed points to cards of local residents. ”(在拉萨城关区的一个社区，智能回收箱可以计算重量，并将积分上传到当地居民的卡上。)可知，智能回收箱可以计算回收物的价值。故选C。
17．D    18．C    19．A    20．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution.（这个来自迪拜的运动鞋品牌想要对抗日益严重的塑料污染问题）”和第三段的句子“I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.（我需要想出一种既使用回收塑料又不会产生更多塑料垃圾的方法）”可知，Bhave选择用塑料制作鞋子，是因为他想用环保的方式使用回收塑料。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句话“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.（我们面临的最大的挑战就是如何获得塑料袋）”可知，对于Bhave来说，最大的困难是获得足够的塑料袋来作为生产材料。故选C项。
19．短语猜测题。前文“We have a few more colors coming up,” said Bhave.(“我们会有更多的颜色出现，”巴维说)”可知，他们会生产更多颜色的鞋子，结合划线句“They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing.(他们还计划put up一个高帮样式，并推出一系列服装)”和句中的“a high-top model（高帮样式）”可知，put out是在该句子中是“生产”的意思，意思是说他们还计划生产一种高帮鞋。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Lately, it’s all about environment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibers! What if you want such a pair of shoes? Thaely is here to help.(最近，完全是关于环保材料的——回收轮胎、蘑菇，甚至菠萝纤维！如果你想要这样一双鞋，泰利来帮忙。)”以及下文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。所以，B项“Thaely: killer of waste plastic bags（Thaely：废塑料袋的杀手）”作为本文的题目符合题意。故选B项。