北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高二英语
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Breakdown and Start-up
Just over two years ago, I was driving home fairly late one night on a quiet, remote road when another car suddenly moved towards me with great ___1___. I had to make a sudden and quick sideways movement to ___2___ hitting it and I almost hit a tree. Luckily I wasn’t hurt, but I couldn’t get my car to start. It had broken down. I felt quite ___3___ as it was late and there were hardly any other cars around. I ___4___ my roadside assistance company for help and they told me someone would be there in around one and half an hour. After about fifteen minutes, a passing car ___5___ and a strong man with a serious face stepped out of the car. He asked if I needed ___6___ and I told him what had happened. He ___7___ offered to stay with me until roadside assistance arrived. I was uncertain about what to do because I was nervous and uneasy. There was something very calm and comfortable in his voice, so I took him up on his offer. While waiting, we started talking and really ___8___ it off. By the time the roadside assistance man turned up, we’d arranged to ___9___ again. Two years on, we have shared the joys and sorrows of life together. I wish I could thank the careless driver who forced me off the road. If he was a better driver, I’d never have met a lifelong ____10____.
1. A. power B. effort C. care D. speed
2. A. avoid B. practice C. risk D. delay
3. A. guilty B. ashamed C. anxious D. curious
4. A. phoned B. recommended C. blamed D. examined
5. A. started up B. broke down C. drove off D. pulled up
6. A. space B. help C. care D. information
7. A. kindly B. carefully C. eagerly D. rudely
8. A. took B. shook C. knocked D. hit
9. A. travel B. play C. meet D. wait
10. A. interest B. friendship C. dream D. habit
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一个晚上为了躲避车辆而导致自己的车无法再次启动，一个好心的司机停下车来陪着作者聊天，直到路边救援公司到来，此后作者和那个人成为了好朋友。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在两年前的一个晚上，我很晚才开车回家，行驶在一条僻静偏僻的路上，突然另一辆车以极快的速度向我驶来。A. power权力；B. effort努力；C. care照料，护理；D. speed速度。根据下文“I had to make a sudden and quick sideways movement”可知，突然另一辆车以极快的速度向作者驶来。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免撞到它，我不得不突然快速地向旁边移动，结果我差点撞到一棵树。A. avoid避免；B. practice练习；C. risk风险；D. delay推迟。根据下文“hitting it”可知，作者是避免撞到那辆车。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很担心，因为已经很晚了，周围又几乎没有别的车。A. guilty有罪的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. anxious焦虑的，担心的；D. curious好奇的。根据下文“there were hardly any other cars around”可知，天很晚，周围又没有车，所以作者很担心。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打电话给路边救援公司寻求帮助，他们告诉我一个半小时左右就会有人到。A. phoned打电话；B. recommended推荐；C. blamed责备；D. examined检查。根据下文“they told me someone would be there in around one and half an hour”可知，作者打电话给路边救援公司寻求帮助。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：大约十五分钟后，一辆路过的汽车停了下来，一位神情严肃的壮汉从车里走了出来。A. started up开始；B. broke down出故障；C. drove off驾车离去；D. pulled up停下来。根据下文“a strong man with a serious face stepped out of the car”可知，一辆路过的汽车停了下来。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问我是否需要帮助，我告诉他发生了什么事。A. space空间；B. help帮助；C. care照料，护理；D. information信息。根据下文“I told him what had happened”可知，那个人应该是问作者是否需要帮助。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他好心地提出在路边救援人员到来之前陪着我。A. kindly好心地；B. carefully仔细地；C. eagerly急切地；D. rudely粗鲁地。根据下文“offered to stay with me”可知，那个人好心地提出在路边救援人员到来之前陪着作者。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在等待的时候，我们开始聊天，非常合得来。A. took拿走；B. shook摇晃；C. knocked敲；D. hit打，击。根据下文“Two years on, we have shared the joys and sorrows of life together”可知，作者和那个人非常合得来，hit it off是固定短语，意为“合得来”。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析句意：路边救援人员出现时，我们已经安排好了再次见面。A. travel旅行；B. play玩儿；C. meet见面；D. wait等待。根据上文“really ___8___ it off”和下文“Two years on, we have shared the joys and sorrows of life together”可知，作者和那个人已经安排好了再次见面。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他是一个更好的司机，我永远不会遇到终身的友谊。A. interest兴趣；B. friendship友谊；C. dream梦想；D. habit习惯。根据上文“Two years on, we have shared the joys and sorrows of life together”可知，此处表示“如果他是一个更好的司机，我永远不会遇到终身的友谊”。故选B。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
be consistent with motivate urgent reputation
apply oneself to be enthusiastic about approval set out
take up interact with

11. It was really ______ to see someone doing some real effort to save the forests and trees.
12. The most ______ thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building.
13. If you would just ______ your schoolwork, you would get much better grades.
14. She was a good lawyer with a ______ for honesty and careful work.
15. You can believe what the witness said. Her version of events ______ the evidence.
16. It is just three months since we received official ______ to go ahead with the project.
17. She ______ with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
18. Although we have been taking classes online, we can ______ our teacher over the phones.
19. I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to ______ too much of your time.
20. If you ______ something, you show how much you like it by the way that you behave and talk.
【答案】11. motivating
12. urgent 13. apply yourself to
14. reputation
15. is consistent with
16. approval
17. set out
18. interact with
19. take up
20. are enthusiastic about
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：看到有人付出真正努力保护森林和树木真是令人欢欣鼓舞。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，motivate“激励；使决心做”为动词，应使用该词的现在分词形式motivating，修饰主语It 。故填motivating。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：火灾中最要紧的就是确保将楼里的人全部解救出来。分析句子可知，空格处为thing的定语，urgent“紧迫的；紧急的”是形容词，符合句意，故选填urgent。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你能专心致志地完成好学校的课业，那么你的成绩肯定会有很大提高。分析句子可知，空格处充当从句谓语动词，apply oneself to“专心于；致力于”为动词短语，从句主语为you，故该短语中的反身代词使用yourself，符合句意，情态动词would后用动词原形，故填apply yourself to。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为一名优秀的律师，她因诚信做人，认真做事而在业内很有名。分析句子可知，空格处为介词with的宾语，reputation“声名；名誉”为名词，符合句意。故填reputation。
【15题详解】
考查形容词短语。句意：你可以相信那个证人所说的话。他对整个事件的描述与证据是一致的。be consistent with“与……一致的”为形容词短语，符合句意，主语Her version of events为单数，该句表述现在的事实，故be动词应使用is，符合句意，故填is consistent with。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：从我们得到官方批准继续进行这个项目到现在才三个月。分析句子可知，空格处应作谓语动词received的宾语，approval“批准；同意”为名词，符合句意。故选填approval。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她一心想成为最年轻的锦标赛冠军。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语动词，set out“立志成为；一心想做某事”为动词短语，全句侧重表述过去事实，谓语动词应使用过去式。故填set out。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：尽管我们一直在上网课，但我们还是可以通过手机与老师互动。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语动词，interact with“与……互动”为动词短语，符合句意,情态动词can后用动词原形，故填interact with。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我知道你肯定很忙，因此我也不想占用你太多时间。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语动词wouldn’t want的宾语，take up“占据；占用”为动词短语，符合句意，结合want to do，故填take up。
【20题详解】
考查形容词短语。句意：如果你对某件事充满热情，你会通过言行表现出来你热爱。分析句子可知，be enthusiastic about“对……热爱的；对……充满热情的”为形容词短语，符合题意，且全句表述一般性事实，从句主语为you，be动词应使用are，符合句意。故填are enthusiastic about。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. She said she didn’t care about it, but I believe she was_________(secret) delighted.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】secretly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：她说她不在乎，但我相信她私底下很高兴。空格处修饰形容词delighted，要用副词secretly，意为“暗自感觉地，私底下地”。故填secretly。
22. As he watched the TV play, he suddenly realized that he_________(see) it before. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had seen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他看这部电视剧时，他突然意识到之前就看过了。根据句意及句中时间副词before可知，see发生在watched和realized之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
23. Shirley has a 17-year-old daughter,_________ambition is to be a photographer.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句连词。句意：雪莉有一个17岁的女儿。这孩子的志向是当一名摄影师。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为daughter，关系词在从句中作定语，与从句主语之间构成意为“女儿的志向”的所属关系，故填whose。
24. Please don’t come at four this afternoon. I_________(have) a meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be having
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：今天下午四点请不要来。那时我正在开会。根据at four this afternoon及then可知，此处描述的动作是将来正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时。故填will be having。

25. Reading a good book is like________ (talk) with an admirable person. (用适当词填空)
【答案】talking
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：读一本好书，就像和一个令人钦佩的人谈话。此处like意为“像”，作介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处是动名词talking。故填talking。
26. Steven showed me round the town,_________was very kind of him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Steven带我参观了镇上，他真是太好了。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处主语指前面整句话的内容，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
27. The heavy snow________ (fall) for three days. The fields were all white. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had been falling
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：大雪已经下了三天了。田野都是白色的。结合were和for three days可知，此处表示“已经下了三天”，还会继续下，句子用过去完成进行时。故填had been falling。
28. We have got everything_________(prepare) for the New Year’s party tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】prepared
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天新年派对的大小事宜，我们都已准备停当。根据句意可知，此处为“get+sth +非谓语动词”固定搭配，该结构中的非谓语动词作everything的宾语补足语，且提示词与宾语everything之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填prepared。
29. John________ (work) here for over twenty years and he is retiring next month. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been working
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：约翰在这里工作了20多年，下个月就要退休了。根据空后for over twenty years及he is retiring next month可知，动作一直持续到现在，还会延续到下个月，应用现在完成进行时，主语是第三人称单数。故填has been working。
30. China,_________Tracy had taught English for several years, impressed her the most. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句连词。句意：翠西曾在中国教过几年英语。这个国家给她留下了特别深的印象。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为China，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you would like to share your knowledge about life at Monash and make a positive impact on others, becoming an education peer mentor (导师) is the perfect choice for you.
What are the benefits of Education Peer Mentoring?
— Receive priority access to professional development opportunities.
— Join our community of high-achieving Monash students.
— Develop your leadership, communication and teamwork skills.
— Meet and network with senior Monash staff and like-minded student leaders.
— Record this experience on your Australian Higher Education Graduate Statement.
— Gain rich experience for your resume (简历).
Who can apply?
— You have a desire to help new students get started and succeed at Monash.
— You are willing to talk about your own university experience.
— You should have strong interpersonal and communication skills.
— You have the ability to work with a variety of people from different backgrounds,
What are the requirements?
— You must be a student at an Australian campus for part-time or full-time learning.
— You must be at least in your second year of study or above.
— You should be able to commit to supporting up to 20 fresh students through personal interactions.
— You should be able to commit at least 20 hours volunteering throughout the program in one semester.
How to apply?
— As a new peer mentor, send a written application through the new mentor application button.
— As a current peer mentor applying for this position again, send a written application through the returning mentor application button.
Once you’ve applied, we’ll be in touch to let you know the outcome of your application.
Important Dates
Mentor applications open
9 January 2023
Mentor applications close
10 February 2023
Program starts
April 2023

31. What do applicants gain from Education Peer Mentoring?
A. They can gain rich life experience.
B. They can have priority access to varied jobs.
C. They can become senior community team leaders.
D. They can network with other like-minded student leaders,
32. According to this passage, applicants are required to .
A. be in their first year of study or above
B. have a desire to communicate and help other students
C. finish up to 20 hours volunteering throughout the program
D. share university experience with people from the same background
33. What should applicants do to get the position?
A. Contact the school for application results
B. Send written applications after program starts.
C. Prepare written applications to apply for the program.
D. Hand in applications only through the new mentor application button.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Monash大学推出的友伴同行导师招聘活动的有关事宜，包括招聘条件、申请方式以及参加活动的益处等信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“What are the benefits of Education Peer Mentoring?”下第四个分点语句“Meet and network with senior Monash staff and like-minded student leaders. (在这里你可以与莫纳什大学的高级职员和志同道合的学生领袖会面并建立社交网)”可知，友伴同行导师可以让申请人与其他志同道合的学生领袖建立联系，。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“What are the requirements?”下第四个分点语句“You should be able to commit at least 20 hours volunteering throughout the program in one semester. (你需要在一个学期的活动持续时间内完成至少20个小时的志愿服务)”可知，申请人需要在一个学期之内完成至少20个小时的志愿服务任务。故排除C选项；但可以推知，申请者需要乐于助人。故选B。根据“You must be at least in your second year of study or above”可知A错误，.故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“How to apply?”下第一个分点语句“As a new peer mentor, send a written application through the new mentor application button. (作为新的同行导师，通过新导师应用程序按钮发送书面申请)”和第二个分点语句“As a current peer mentor applying for this position again, send a written application through the returning mentor application button. (作为当前的同行导师再次申请该职位，请通过回归导师申请按钮发送书面申请)”可推知，无论你是第一次申请同行导师还是以现任同行导师的身份再次申请，都需要准备好书面申请材料。故选C项。
B
The shift from adolescence (青春期) to adulthood can be hard and often filled with hardship and lessons learned, especially for young people experiencing homelessness.
Frankie, a young woman who feels lucky to have had the caring support from her dad Frankie’s dad raised her, and they were very close. When he suddenly passed away two years ago, Frankie didn’t know how she would survive. With no family or relatives to take her in, she fell into a depression. She bounced from home to home, losing trust she’d ever gain stability.
One Friday afternoon, Frankie sat at a park bench outside of school. As she was worrying about where she was going to live, she suddenly remembered something her dad would tell her when she was little.
“Don’t ever give up,” said Frankie. “If dad were here, he would tell me that.”
Those words encouraged her to seek help from Noel, a YouthCare case manager, who helped her find accommodation at Catalyst, one of YouthCare’s community living programs, YouthCare provided a path back to stability. Frankie was thankful to have a routine: dish washings after dinner, weekly game nights, and check-ins with a mental health doctor every Thursday. At Catalyst, Frankie received consistent support and found additional resources for her mental health care. Outside of her Thursday appointments, she participated in weekly homework assignments focused on well-being and goal-setting for the future.
Noel showed great surprise at Frankie’s positive changes with each passing day. She earned her GED, and it wasn’t long before she began searching for her first job. With the help of Noel, Frankie applied for a handful of positions in health or fitness. Frankie jumped with excitement when she received an interview call for a front desk position at a local gym!
Dressed in green, her dad’s favorite color, Frankie entered her interview with confidence. Noel smiled very happily when Frankie received a second call later that day with news that she got the job.
Too many young people come to YouthCare with their own story. Each of them deserves a path back to stability a stable home, consistent support, and access to treatment services necessary to become well. Like Frankie, they can imagine new possibilities and change the course of their own story through encouragement and treatment.
34. What was the main cause for Frankie’s depression?
A. Her desire to get a job. B. Her fear of homelessness.
C. Her lessons of adolescence. D. Her inability to deal with relatives.
35. How did YouthCare influence Frankie?
A. She realized the value of family affection.
B. She had a stable life to achieve her potential.
C. She learned the importance of interview confidence.
D. She built up her courage to be a mental health doctor.
36. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Frankie’s Job Hunting in Fitness
B. The Friendship between Frankie and Noel
C. Finding the Support Needed to Move Forward
D. Looking for Reliable Relatives to the Homeless
【答案】34. B 35. B 36. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过写Frankie在YouthCare的经历，讲述了我们要学会找到前进所需的支持。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“With no family or relatives to take her in, she fell into a depression. (由于没有家人或亲戚收留她，她得了抑郁症)”可知，Frankie对无家可归的恐惧是她抑郁的主要原因。故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题，根据第五段中“YouthCare provided a path back to stability. Frankie was thankful to have a routine: dish washings after dinner, weekly game nights, and check-ins with a mental health doctor every Thursday. At Catalyst, Frankie received consistent support and found additional resources for her mental health care. Outside of her Thursday appointments, she participated in weekly homework assignments focused on well-being and goal-setting for the future.(YouthCare提供了一条回归稳定的道路。Frankie很感激自己有一个常规：晚饭后洗碗，每周比赛之夜，每周四去心理健康医生那里检查。在Catalyst，Frankie得到了持续的支持，并为她的心理健康护理找到了额外的资源。除了周四的约会之外，她还参加了每周的家庭作业，重点是幸福感和未来的目标设定)”可知，YouthCare帮助Frankie拥有了稳定的生活，实现她的潜力。故选B项。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文和最后一段“Each of them deserves a path back to stability a stable home, consistent support, and access to treatment services necessary to become well.(他们每个人都应该有一条回归稳定的道路，一个稳定的家，始终如一的支持，以及获得康复所需的治疗服务)”可知，文章通过写Frankie在YouthCare的经历，讲述了我们要学会找到前进所需的支持。由此可知，Finding the Support Needed to Move Forward(找到前进所需的支持)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。
C
Dogs greet other dogs’ noses first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to tail. People are not so open about the process of sniffing, but smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that humans can infer relationship and emotional states and even discover disease through smell.
Now, Inbal Ravreby, Kobi Snitz and Noam Sobel of the Weizmann Institute of Science have gone a step further. As they report in Science Advances, the three researchers started their first experiment by testing the smells of 20 pairs of familiar and same-sex friends. They employed an electronic nose (e-nose) and two groups of human “smellers”.
The e-nose used a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and asked to rate how similar they smelt. Those in the other group were asked to rate the smells of individual T-shirts on five dimensions (维度): pleasantness, intensity, attractiveness, competence and warmth. Both approaches produced the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than did the T-shirts of strangers.
Does friendship cause similarity of smell, or does similarity of smell cause friendship? The three researchers investigated whether there were positive interactions between strangers by using the e-nose measurement. They collected the smells of another 17 volunteers with e-nose, and then asked the participants to play a mirroring game.
That game involved silently mirroring another individual’s hand movements, Participants were paired up by chance and their reactions were recorded. After each interaction, they demonstrated how close they felt to their fellow gamer by overlapping two circles (one representing themselves, the other their partner). The more similar the two electronic smell signatures were, the greater the overlap. Participants also rated the quality of their interaction in the game along 12 dimensions of feelings that define friendship, Similar smells were consistent with positive ratings for nine of these dimensions. However, two participants smelling alike did not mean they were any more accurate at the mirroring game than others.
Why smell might play a role in forming friendships remains obscure. Other qualities related to being friends, including age, appearance, and education, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong body smell, many do not. It is present. But it is subliminal (潜意识的). Dr Ravreby guesses that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body smell is known to be linked with genetic make-up. Smelling similar to others may thus allow subliminal inferences about genetic similarity to be drawn.

37. What can we learn from the first experiment?
A. Friends smell like one another.
B. Friends tend to sniff each other.
C. The smell can be judged on five dimensions.
D. The T-shirts of friends smell the same to each other.
38. The mirroring game is designed to .
A. enrich the dimensions that define friendship
B. prove strangers smell more alike after positive interactions
C. test whether strangers can develop friendship in the process
D. explore the relationship between similarity of smell and friendship
39. What does the underlined word “obscure” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A Unacceptable. B. Unchanged. C. Unclear. D. Unrealistic.
40. What can we infer from this passage?
A. Body smells have effects on genetic make-up
B. People who have similar smells may have similar genes.
C. Body smells become similar after people becoming friends.
D. Two participants smelling alike performed better in the game than others.
【答案】37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Both approaches produced the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than did the T-shirts of strangers.(这两种方法产生了相同的结果。朋友们的T恤闻起来比陌生人的T恤更相似。)”可知，我们能从第一个实验中了解到朋友之间的气味很像。故选A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Does friendship cause similarity of smell, or does similarity of smell cause friendship? The three researchers investigated whether there were positive interactions between strangers by using the e-nose measurement. They collected the smells of another 17 volunteers with e-nose, and then asked the participants to play a mirroring game.(是友谊造就了相似的气味，还是相似的气味造就了友谊?三位研究人员通过电子鼻测量来调查陌生人之间是否有积极的互动。他们收集了另外17名有电子鼻的志愿者的气味，然后让他们玩一个镜像游戏。)”可知，镜像游戏是为了探索气味的相似性和友谊之间的关系。故选D。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Other qualities related to being friends, including age, appearance, and education, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so.(与成为朋友有关的其他品质，包括年龄、外貌和教育程度，不是马上就能看出来，就是很快就能看出来。)”可知，划线词所在的句子的意思是“为什么气味可能在建立友谊中发挥作用仍然是一个谜”，也就是为什么气味可能在建立友谊中发挥作用是不清楚的，obscure的意思是“不清楚的”，和unclear意思相近，故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Dr Ravreby guesses that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body smell is known to be linked with genetic make-up. Smelling similar to others may thus allow subliminal inferences about genetic similarity to be drawn.(Ravreby博士猜测，“拥有基因相似的朋友可能是一种进化优势”。众所周知，体味与基因构成有关。因此，与其他人的气味相似可能会让人们对基因相似性做出下意识的推断。)”可知，我们能从这篇文章中推断出气味相似的人可能有相似的基因。故选B。
D
I have a friend who bird watches. She feels comfortable whenever she’s doing it. If you ask her why she likes it, she will say things like “Well, birds are the world’s most magical creatures.” I have another friend who knits. She likes it because it’s satisfying, and has an astonishingly impressive impact on people for whom being able to knit gloves is out of reach.
As a term, “hobby” has always been of arguable meaning. Ask someone what they think a hobby is, and you’ll get a dictionary definition that they will have just looked up on their phones and, then, a passionate speech on all of the activities that can under no circumstances be put into groups as hobbies by their own highly unique and inflexible standards. Being online is not a hobby, apparently, nor is listening to music.
Hardly anyone knows what a hobby is, and this is particularly the case now that so many of us are spending our leisure time online arguing about these sorts of basic definitions with people, as the writer Max Read put it in an essay, “to whom the world has been created again every morning, for whom every settled argument of modernity must be rewritten, but this time with their engagement.”
Even taking these difficulties into account, however, it seems obvious that birdwatching and knitting are classic hobbies. They are enjoyable, involve practice and reward effort, and they are given immediate access to a group with the same interests. They are the sorts of hobbies advice columnists (专栏作家) have in mind when people write in about their imbalanced lives. It’s interesting, then, that not one of my two clearly hobby-having friends would admit to the practice.
They worried that their hobbies, which give them pleasure and keep them far from their computers, made them seem like they had too much leisure time and too Lew inner resources that would enable them to naturally avoid boredom. They are fully paid-up members of society, with busy lives, fulfilling interpersonal relationships and, again, hobbies that make them happy. It’s just that hobbies have an undeservedly bad reputation, one made worse by the Internet, like everything else.
The birdwatcher said the problem with having a hobby was that it made people seem like they were contributing and learning nothing. The knitter said that she personally connected hobbies with having no friends and no idea of what normal people do to have fun, Actually, they do not want to be seen as mad people who intentionally get away from the correct course.
Well, I enjoy certain light operas. I play music for my own amusement. And yes, I am an ordinary student, and that is not a sign of madness.

41. The author mentions two friends with different hobbies in Paragraph 1 mainly to .
A. explain the definition of “hobby”
B. attract the readers’ attention to hobbies
C. stress the importance of having a hobby
D. compare two different types of hobbies
42. What does the author mean by quoting Max Read in Paragraph 3?
A. “Hobby” as a term can only be defined without the Internet.
B. People online discuss the definition of “hobby” to change lives.
C. People create a new world by expressing their ideas of hobbies online.
D. It is hard for online people to reach an agreement on the definition of “hobby”.
43. What can be inferred from the two friends’ concerns about their hobbies?
A. They are afraid of being seen as crazy people.
B. They fear their hobbies are not impressive enough.
C. They find it necessary to share hobbies to balance their lives.
D. They refuse to share their feelings about their hobbies with mad people.
44. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Hobbies are great for people’s mental health.
B. Different people have their own standards of hobbies.
C. It is reasonable and normal for people to have hobbies.
D. People who suffer from madness can also have hobbies.
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。一直以来，对于“爱好”的定义众说纷纭，并无定论。作者认为只要是能自娱自乐，哪怕拥有一些小众另类的爱好，也是正常合理的。
【41题详解】
目的意图题。根据第二段“As a term, “hobby” has always been of arguable meaning. (一直以来，爱好都是一个颇具争议的话题)”可知，作者于第一段中讲述了喜欢编织和赏鸟的两位朋友的生活故事，以此引起读者对“爱好”这个话题的关注，故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hardly anyone knows what a hobby is, and this is particularly the case now that so many of us are spending our leisure time online arguing about these sorts of basic definitions with people, (几乎没人知道爱好是什么，尤其是现在我们很多人都把闲暇时间花在网上和别人争论这些基本的定义上)”可知，Max Read的引言表明在网络上人们对爱好的基本定义看法不一，争论不断，故选D项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Actually, they do not want to be seen as mad people who intentionally get away from the correct course. (事实上，他们不想被看作是刻意偏离正确路线的疯子)”可知，这两位朋友不愿将自己私下的爱好为旁人所知，是因为他们害怕被视为不走寻常路的异类或疯子，故选A项。
【44题详解】
段落意图题。根据最后一段“Well, I enjoy certain light operas. I play music for my own amusement. And yes, I am an ordinary student, and that is not a sign of madness. (嗯，我喜欢一些轻歌剧。我演奏音乐是为了自娱自乐。是的，我是一个普通的学生，这并不是发疯的表现)”可知，作者认为拥有一些爱好，自娱自乐，怡情养性，是再正常合理不过的事情了，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. ____45____ Yet, despite all the calorie counting, dieting and exercising, worldwide obesity (肥胖) rates just keep speeding up. People in the US were heavier in 2021 than they were in 2020, placing many more people at risk from serious diseases.
So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked? One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. ____46____ Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself. In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the chief cause of obesity. We argue that the evidence actually points the other way: we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.
____47____ As their growth rate speeds up, teenagers may eat hundreds of calories more each day than they used to. Does this “overeating” cause the rapid growth? Or does the rapid growth, which requires more calories to build new body tissues, make teenagers hungrier so they eat more? Clearly the latter, as adults won’t grow taller, no matter how much they eat.
The key to how this works in obesity is hormones (激素), especially the fat-storage hormone. Processed, rapidly digestible high-carbon foods like potato chips and sugary drinks raise our hormone level too high. ____48____ A few hours after eating a high-carbon meal, the number of calories in the bloodstream falls rapidly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.
Therefore, in order to prevent and treat weight problems, the emphasis should be placed on what to eat instead of how much we eat. Replacing processed high-carbon foods with high-fat foods-such as nuts-lowers the hormone obtainable for the rest of the body. ____49____
Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect, calories and weight gain that have dominated our thinking for decades.
A. Weight control becomes a battle between dieting and exercising.
B. This may seem incredible but consider the rapid growth of teenagers.
C. The dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades.
D. We have lacked willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits.
E. A low-calorie diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body.
F. This causes our fat cells to store too many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body.
G. In fact, high-fat foods may help decrease body fat, a possibility supported by medical practices.
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. B 48. F 49. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是造成肥胖的原因。
【45题详解】
空前说“In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more.(原则上，这听起来很简单：少吃多动。)”，这是一条建议，空格处要对这条建议做出评论，C选项“The dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades.(应对肥胖的这条饮食建议已经存在了几十年。)”是对空前所说建议的评论，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【46题详解】
空前说“So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked? One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough.(那么，为什么这种控制体重的方法没有奏效呢？一种可能是我们还不够努力。)”，空后说“Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.(或许问题出在“卡路里平衡”本身。)”，空格处应该说明这种控制体重的方法没有奏效的原因，而且和空前的“我们还不够努力”有关，D选项“We have lacked willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits.(我们缺乏意志力来保持健康的饮食和锻炼习惯。)”解释了这种控制体重的方法没有奏效的原因，“缺乏意志力”和空前的“我们还不够努力”相对应，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
【47题详解】
空前说“We argue that the evidence actually points the other way: we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.(我们认为，事实恰恰相反：我们被迫吃得过多，是因为我们越来越胖。)”，空后说“As their growth rate speeds up, teenagers may eat hundreds of calories more each day than they used to.(随着生长速度的加快，青少年每天可能会比过去多摄入数百卡路里。)”，空格处应该对空前所说的事实做出评价，而且要提到青少年的生长，B选项“This may seem incredible but consider the rapid growth of teenagers.(这似乎难以置信，但考虑到青少年的快速成长。)”中前半句是对空前内容的评价，后半句中的“the rapid growth of teenagers”和空后的“their growth rate speeds up”相对应，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
【48题详解】
空前说“Processed, rapidly digestible high-carbon foods like potato chips and sugary drinks raise our hormone level too high.(加工过的、易消化的高碳食物，如薯片和含糖饮料，会使我们的激素水平过高。)”，空后说“A few hours after eating a high-carbon meal, the number of calories in the bloodstream falls rapidly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.(在吃完高碳餐几个小时后，血液中的卡路里含量迅速下降，所以我们在吃完饭后很快就会感到饿。)”，空格处要讲明吃加工过的、易消化的高碳食物使我们的激素水平过高后所造成的进一步结果，而且还要提到有的地方的卡路里含量下降，F选项“This causes our fat cells to store too many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body.(这导致我们的脂肪细胞储存了太多的卡路里，留给身体其他部分的热量就更少了。)”说明了高碳食物造成的结果，且说明了除脂肪细胞以外的身体其他部分的热量减少，和空后的“血液中的卡路里含量迅速下降”相呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【49题详解】
空前说“Replacing processed high-carbon foods with high-fat foods-such as nuts-lowers the hormone obtainable for the rest of the body.(用高脂肪的食物代替加工过的高碳食物，比如坚果，会降低身体其他部位的激素含量。)”，空格处应解释为什么会这样，G选项“In fact, high-fat foods may help decrease body fat, a possibility supported by medical practices.(事实上，高脂肪食物可能有助于减少体脂，这一可能性得到了医学实践的支持。)”说明了用高脂肪的食物代替加工过的高碳食物的原因，其中的“high-fat foods”和空前的“high-fat foods”相一致，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Sleep in Different Cultures
It is apparent that there are significant differences in sleep patterns in different parts of the world, and that sleep patterns have also changed over time. Traditions, cultural values, local conditions and environments all influence sleep patterns.
One major source of these differences is the widespread use of artificial(人造的) light, which has led to changes in the sleep patterns in the industrialized world. It is thought that today we sleep several hours less than before industrialization. Artificial light has encouraged people to go to bed later and to sleep the whole night through (Monophasic Sleep), rather than the more broken up and flexible sleep patterns (Biphasic Sleep). During the long nights of the winter months, our ancestors used to break sleep up into two or more parts, separated by an hour or two of quiet restfulness.
Even within the developed world, there are still significant differences in sleep patterns. A study carried out in ten countries in 2002 showed some of these regional variations. For instance, the results of sleeping time at night from individual countries varied from 6 hours 53 minutes in Japan to 8 hours 24 minutes in Portugal. Over 42% of Brazilians took regular afternoon naps (short sleeps), compared to only 12% of Japanese people.
A daytime nap is a common habit among adults in many countries. Spain, in particular, has raised the nap almost to the level of an art form. The experience of Japan is a clear example of the way a culture change can affect sleep patterns. In the 1950s, Japan was keen to rebuild. Japanese workers were encouraged to wake early and finish late as well. The work-place nap was encouraged as a way for a worker to increase productivity, even though in fact it probably degraded the quality of night-time sleep even more. Today, sleep is perhaps more undervalued in Japan than anywhere else.
It is clear, then, that there are cultural and historical differences in our sleep patterns. Yet the one thing that stays the same across all cultures is the one truth about sleeping: We all do it!
50. What affects the sleep patterns?
________________________________________________________
51. What is Biphasic Sleep?
________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more.
________________________________________________________
53. Among the sleep patterns in different countries mentioned in the passage, which one do you like most and why? (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________
【答案】50. Sleep patterns are affected by traditions, cultural values, local conditions as well as environments.
51. Biphasic Sleep is a unique sleep pattern in which people’s sleep time is more separated by breaks and flexible.
52. The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more. Because the work-place nap degrades rather than promotes the night-time quality.
53. I favor the sleep pattern in Portugal most. It has been acknowledged that the lack of sleep is likely to contribute to a series of health problems. On the contrary, at least 7 hours’ sleep ensures that you are energetic the next whole day.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化传统、价值观和生活环境等因素造就了世界各地人们多样化的睡眠模式。由于人造光源的发明使用，如今人们大多有晚睡和睡眠时间减少的显著趋势。午睡也越来越成为现代人特别重视的生活习惯。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Traditions, cultural values, local conditions and environments all influence sleep patterns. (传统、文化价值观、当地条件和环境都会影响睡眠模式)”可知，一个国家特有的文化传统、价值观、生活条件以及周边环境都会影响睡眠模式的形成，故答案为Sleep patterns are affected by traditions, cultural values, local conditions as well as environments.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Artificial light has encouraged people to go to bed later and to sleep the whole night through (Monophasic Sleep), rather than the more broken up and flexible sleep patterns (Biphasic Sleep), (人造光鼓励人们晚睡，并且整晚都睡(单相睡眠)，而不是更分散和灵活的睡眠模式(双相睡眠))”可知，Biphasic Sleep指的是一种非连续性的、更为灵活的睡眠方式。故答案为Biphasic Sleep is a unique sleep pattern in which people’s sleep time is more separated by breaks and flexible.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“The work-place nap was encouraged as a way for a worker to increase productivity, even though in fact it probably degraded the quality of night-time sleep even more. (人们鼓励在工作场所午睡，认为这是提高工作效率的一种方式，尽管事实上它可能会进一步降低夜间睡眠质量)”可知，工作场所午睡可能会降低夜间睡眠质量，并非进一步提升。故答案为The work-place nap was encouraged and in fact it probably increases the quality of night-time sleep even more. Because the work-place nap degrades rather than promotes the night-time quality.
【53题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。I favor the sleep pattern in Portugal most. It has been acknowledged that the lack of sleep is likely to contribute to a series of health problems. On the contrary, at least 7 hours’ sleep ensures that you are energetic the next whole day.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。作为班长，你打算邀请外教Mr. Jenson为你们班做关于英语口语表达的线上讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．讲座的具体内容并说明理由；
2．讲座时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr Jenson,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Jenson,
How’s everything? I’m writing to invite you to give us an online lecture on oral English expression.
Our classmates seem to be weak in pronunciation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to organize language, how to speak out our ideas, and how to communicate with others?
The talk will last about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll use. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your lecture.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Mr. Jenson写封邮件，邀请他为你们班做关于英语口语表达的线上讲座，内容包括：1．讲座的具体内容并说明理由；2．讲座时间和其他相关事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
讲座：lecture→seminar
建议：suggestion→advice
决定：decide→determine
不擅长：be weak in→be bad at
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our classmates seem to be weak in pronunciation.
拓展句：It seems that our classmates are weak in pronunciation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Please let me know which platform you’ll use. (运用了which引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)