北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
昌平区2022—2023学年第一学期高二年级期末质量抽测
英语试卷
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a store, I studied the customer in front of me. She was young but had a____1____look—as if life had beaten her many times. The items in her cart (手推车) included the cheapest meat and meal.
When the cashier finally told her the____2____, the woman’s face paled. She opened a worn wallet and began____3____small bills and coins. It was obvious she didn’t have enough, and she checked her groceries to see what she could do without.
One by one, she____4____things, but she still came up short. Someone behind me was upset and complained. “Never mind,” I said to the young lady whose face turned red, “take your time.” I waited quietly until my turn came. I moved forward and motioned____5____to the items the woman had taken out, added all my meat and fresh milk, and whispered “____6____bags, same bill please” to the cashier. She nodded.
I____7____how I could put the bags with extra things into her cart without being caught. My dear cashier solved the problem by “accidentally” rolling several oranges so hard that they flew past the lady and onto the floor.
“I’ll get those,” the woman offered kindly and ran to____8____the runaway fruit. I quickly placed the two extra bags into her cart while she was back with the oranges.
“Thank you so much,” I said.
“Thank you for your____9____,” she replied before leaving.
That night, I thought about the young lady who I hoped was enjoying a hearty dinner with her family, and I sent a silent wish that her life would take a_____10_____soon.
1. A. tired B. delighted C. confused D. satisfied
2. A. way B. order C. cost D. option
3. A. exchanging B. counting C. borrowing D. searching
4. A. replaced B. sold C. removed D. provided
5. A. unreasonably B. uncomfortably C. unwillingly D. unnoticeably
6. A. Useful B. Separate C. Regular D. Large
7. A. remembered B. explained C. expected D. wondered
8. A. deal with B. clean off C. pick up D. look for
9. A. patience B. generosity C. courage D. honesty
10. A. shortcut B. tum C. chance D. risk
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在排队结账的过程中，作者悄悄帮助生活窘困的女士付款的故事。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很年轻，脸上带着疲惫的神情，就像被生活打败了很多次。A. tired劳累的；疲惫的；B. delighted高兴的；C. confused困惑的；D. satisfied满足的。根据后文“as if life had beaten her down too many times.”可知，她生活并不如意，脸上应是疲惫的神情。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当收银行最终告知她费用的时候，她的脸变得苍白。A. way方法；B. order订单；C. cost费用；D. option选择。根据前文“As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a store”可知，这是发生在收银台的事情，收银员应该是告诉女士所有物品的费用。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她打开破旧的钱包开始数零钱。A. exchanging交换；B. counting数；C. borrowing借入；D. searching搜寻。根据后文“It was obvious that she didn’t have enough”可知，她数了数自己的零钱，发现不够支付所买的物品。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把东西一件一件拿出来，但还是凑不够（付款的费用）。A. replaced代替；B. sold卖；C. removed移除；拿开；D. provided提供。根据前文“It was obvious she didn’t have enough money.”可知，女士没有带够钱，她把东西一件又一件拿出来，放弃了一些东西。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我走上前，悄无声息地指了指那个女人拿出来的东西，把我所有的肉和鲜奶都加了进去，小声对收银员说:“请单独的袋子，同一个账单。”A. unreasonably不合理地；B. uncomfortably不舒适地；C. unwillingly不愿意地；D. unnoticeably不知不觉地；不易察觉地。根据下文“I____7____how I could put the bags with extra things into her cart without being caught.”可知，作者不想让这位女士知道自己帮助了她，因此悄无声息地，不易让人察觉地指了指那些她拿出来的东西。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. Useful有用的；B. Separate分开的；C. Regular有规律的；D. Large大的。根据下文“ I quickly placed the two extra bags into her cart while she was back with the oranges.”可知，作者把多余的东西悄悄地塞进了那个女士的购物车。可推知作者让收银员将自己之前的物品和那位女士挑过的物品分开装。故选B。
7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道怎样才能把装着多余东西的袋子放进她的手推车而不被抓住。A. remembered记住；B. explained解释；C. expected期待；D. wondered想知道。根据下文“My dear cashier solved the problem by “accidentally” rolling several oranges so hard that they flew past the lady and onto the floor.( 我亲爱的收银员解决了这个问题，他“不小心”把几个橙子滚得太用力，以至于它们从那位女士身边飞到了地板上。)”和“I quickly placed the two extra bags into her cart while she was back with the oranges.(当她拿着橙子回来时，我迅速地把两个额外的袋子放进了她的购物车。)”可知，作者想知道如何把购物袋放进女士的购物车不被发现时，收银员把橙子掉在了地上，女士帮忙去捡拾，借此机会作者把袋子放进了女士的购物车。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我来拿。”女人好心地说，然后跑去捡掉在地上的水果。A. deal with处理；应付；B. clean off消除；C. pick up拾起；D. look for寻找。 根据上文“My dear cashier solved the problem by “accidentally” rolling several oranges so hard that they flew past the lady and onto the floor.(我亲爱的收银员解决了这个问题，他“不小心”把几个橙子滚得太用力，以至于它们从那位女士身边飞到了地板上。)”可知，女士去帮忙捡拾掉在地上的橙子。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你耐心，”她在离开前回答道。A. patience耐心；B. generosity慷慨；C. courage勇气；D. honesty诚实。根据前文“Someone behind me was upset and complained. “Never mind,” I said to the young lady whose face turned red, “take your time.”(我身后的一个人很不高兴，开始抱怨。“没关系，”我对那位脸色变红的年轻女士说，“慢慢来。”)”可推断，此处女士谢谢作者的耐心等待。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我想到了那位年轻的女士，我希望她正与家人享受丰盛的晚餐，我默默祝愿她的生活能很快有个转机。A. shortcut捷径；B. turn转变；C. chance机会；D. risk危险。根据前文“as if life had beaten her many times”等的讲述可知，女士生活窘迫，结合“I sent a silent wish”可推断，作者默默地祝福女士的生活会有个好的转变。故选B。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
When I started teaching science last year, I wasn’t very____11____(success). I could tell from my students’ behaviour that they found my lesson quite boring. I felt quite a lot of stress but then I realized that I needed to make a change. I decided to use a lot more practical____12____(example ) and experiment to help the students see what I____13____(talk) about instead of just listening. I also changed my teaching approach to involving more group work. Fortunately, it worked and now my students tell me they love my classes.
【答案】11. successful
12. examples
13. was talking##talked
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者当老师的经历。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我去年开始教科学的时候，我不是很成功。空处作系动词wasn’t 的表语，应填形容词successful，表示“成功的”。故填successful。
【12题详解】
考查可数名词复数。句意：我决定用更多的实际例子和实验来帮助学生明白我在说什么，而不仅仅是听。空处由a lot more“许多”修饰，应填可数名词example的复数形式examples，表示“例子”。故填examples。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：我决定用更多的实际例子和实验来帮助学生明白我在说什么，而不仅仅是听。分析句子且根据空前谓语动词decided 以及句意可知，空处谓语动词可指过去发生的事实，用一般过去时talked，也可指过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，用过去进行时was talking。故填was talking/talked。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
A recent study found that extreme environmental change could cause an “extinction domino effect.”____14____it may seem unimportant if we lose one rat species, it matters because all species____15____(connect ) through their interactions in a web of life. A balanced ecosystem is one in which each species plays an important role and relies on the services provided by other species____16____(survive). Healthy ecosystems are more productive and resistant to disruptions.
【答案】14. While##Although##Though
15. are connected
16. to survive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现，极端的环境变化可能导致“灭绝多米诺效应”，因为所有的物种都是通过它们在生命网中的相互作用而联系在一起的。一个平衡的生态系统是指每个物种都发挥重要作用，并依靠其他物种提供的服务来生存的生态系统。所以健康的生态系统更具生产力，更能抵御破坏。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果我们失去了一个老鼠物种，这似乎并不重要，但这很重要，因为所有的物种都是通过它们在生命网中的相互作用而联系在一起的。逗号前后句子是转折关系，应用连词while/although/though表示转折，引导状语从句，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Although/Though。
【15题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：如果我们失去了一个老鼠物种，这似乎并不重要，但这很重要，因为所有的物种都是通过它们在生命网中的相互作用而联系在一起的。空处在because引导的状语从句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语all species和动词connect是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是复数，故填are connected。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一个平衡的生态系统是指每个物种都发挥重要作用，并依靠其他物种提供的服务来生存的生态系统。此处应用不定式作目的状语，其中“provided by other species”是作后置定语，修饰services，故填to survive。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
In the 17th century, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei,____17____proved the idea that “the Earth is not the center of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one____18____(come) to their defence. The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge____19____they had always comfortably believed. It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward____20____the great philosopher Aristotle.
【答案】17. who
18. coming 19. what
20. by
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在17世纪，人们更相信教会而不是事实，所以像伽利略这样证明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，经常受到教会的惩罚，而人们愿意相信由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出的原始思想。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在17世纪，人们更相信教会而不是事实，像伽利略这样证明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，经常受到教会的惩罚，没有人为他们辩护。“_____proved the idea that “the Earth is not the center of the universe”,”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Galileo Galilei，指人，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who来引导，故填who。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在17世纪，人们更相信教会而不是事实，像伽利略这样证明“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，经常受到教会的惩罚，没有人为他们辩护。此处是with复合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，no one和动词come是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作宾语补足语。故填coming。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：教会和许多人倾向于忽视事实，不想挑战他们一直以来的信仰。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少动词believed后面的宾语，表示“……的事情/东西”，应用what来引导。故填what。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：人们愿意相信这些由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出的原始思想，这并不奇怪。由现在完成时的被动had been put forward可知，此处表示“由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出”应用介词by。故填by。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Surrounding Science
A new Science Museum app explores common objects in the world around you. If you’ve played the mobile game Pokémon Go, you’ll know that its monsters can be found wherever you walk. Now the technology behind that game is being used for a new app from the Science Museum.
It’s called Wonderlab AR and is free to download from the app stores on Apple and Android mobile phones. The aim is to encourage people to get outside and learn about the science in our everyday environment—from traffic lights and electric car charging points to cashpoints, telephones and even toilets. Instead of catching monsters, in this game you’re looking for “discoveries” (as the app calls them) from different fields of science: including electricity, forces, light, maths and sound. The app uses augmented-reality (AR) technology from a company called Niantic, which is best known as the developer of Pokémon Go.
That’s why Wonderlab AR looks quite a lot like that game, showing you a map of the “discoveries” in your current location in the real world. You’ll see them on the map but to collect them, you have to walk to their real-world location. Although the Science Museum is in London, the app works anywhere in the country and there are lots of things to discover near you.
Alongside the app, there is also a new website from the Science Museum called Wonderlab+ (tinyurl. com/TWJ-Wonderlab). This site is for young people aged seven to 15 years old and is a mixture of fun maths and science hands-on activities, including YouTube videos, online quizzes, questions and games.
Both the app and website are based on the Wonderlab galleries that people can visit at the Science Museum in London and the National Science and Media Museum in Bradford, England. The app and website allow people who live in other parts of the UK to learn more about the science of everyday objects and experience the exhibitions.
21. With the new app Wonderlab AR, you can________.
A. learn about science around you
B. visit the science museum online
C. catch monsters like in Pokémon Go
D. locate any science museums nearby
22. From the passage, we know that Wonderlab +________.
A. is designed for both children and adults
B. answers people’s questions about science
C. shares various resources about science
D. provides a chance to experiment in the labs
23. The author writes this passage mainly to________.
A. invite people to go to the science museum
B. attract children’s attention to science learning
C. introduce a new science museum app and a website
D. compare the differences between the app and the website
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的应用软件Wonderlab AR，使用该App可以探索你生活环境中的科学常识。同时文章还介绍了相关的科学网站——Wonderlab +。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The aim is to encourage people to get outside and learn about the science in our everyday environment.(目的是鼓励人们走出去，在我们的日常环境中学习科学。)”，可知，应用Wonderlab AR该软件，可以了解周围的科学常识。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This site is for young people aged seven to 15 years old and is a mixture of fun maths and science hands-on activities, including YouTube videos, online quizzes, questions and games.(该网站面向7至15岁的年轻人，包含有趣的数学和科学实践活动，包括YouTube视频、在线测验、问题和游戏。)”可知，Wonderlab +网站分享各种科学资源。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now the technology behind that game is being used for a new app from the Science Museum.(现在，这款游戏背后的技术被用于科学博物馆的一款新应用程序。)”以及第二段中“It’s called Wonderlab AR and is free to download from the app stores on Apple and Android mobile phones. (它被称为Wonderlab AR，可以从苹果和安卓手机的应用商店免费下载。)”以及倒数第二段中“Alongside the app, there is also a new website from the Science Museum called Wonderlab+).( 除了这款应用，科学博物馆还推出了一个名为Wonderlab+的新网站。)”可知，文章的目的是向读者们介绍一个新的科学App和科学网站。故选C。
B
Alejandro Buxton’s candle business started with a headache. The 12-year-old’s mom suffers from allergies, and something in their house was causing her head to hurt. After going to the hospital, they discovered the cause of the headache: the candles. His mom had no choice but to get rid of the scented (有香味的) items.
However, he knew his mother really loved candles. To lift her spirits, he set up a lab in the family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 and made a candle using only natural ingredients, such as soy and coconut waxes (蜡) and essential oils. Chemicals in her old candles were causing the headaches. He named his first product Jurassic Orange, which is similar to the fruit in color and smell. Jurassic Orange was a hit with his mom, whose headaches disappeared. But Alejandro wasn’t done experimenting. Within a few months, he had about six scents, including Chunky Sweaters and Cozy Socks, which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a pine forest.
In September 2020, he put his first collection of candles on Etsy, the online marketplace that specializes in handmade goods. He also sold candles at seasonal markets, such as the one in downtown D. C. where the vice president was shopping for holiday gifts last year. He recommended two candles to the vice president. She took some of his advice.
Jesse Benites, general manager of a big shopping mall, said the vice president’s visit “skyrocketed” Alejandro’s fame. A senior manager contacted Alejandro and invited him to rent one of the 12 retail carts at the mall. On September 1,2022, Smell of Love Candles opened on the second level of the shopping center. Alejandro is the mall’s youngest business owner. Inside the mall, Alejandro turned a large room into his production facility, where he and his staff make 600 to 700 candles a week. There were altogether 25 scents on the shelf. He continued to make new scents and wanted to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the houses.
Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.
24. Alejandro started his business because he wanted to________.
A. solve his mother’s problem
B. earn some money for the family
C. make more people love candles
D. change the way candles are made
25. What do we know about Smell of Love Candles?
A. It was visited by the vice president.
B. It mainly sells candles on the Internet.
C. It teaches people how to make candles.
D. It will offer new scents of the candles.
26. The money Alejandro made will be used to____.
A. open more chain stores
B. help more people in need
C. invent new scents of the candles
D. promote his candles to more families
27. According to the passage, which words can best describe Alejandro?
A. Organized and loving. B. Smart and outgoing.
C. Caring and creative. D. Generous and honest.
【答案】24 A 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的少年亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿做蜡烛生意的原因以及经历。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句“However, he knew his mother really loved candles. To lift her spirits, he set up a lab in the family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 and made a candle using only natural ingredients, such as soy and coconut waxes (蜡) and essential oils.（然而，他知道他的母亲真的很喜欢蜡烛。为了让她振作起来，2019年秋天，他在家里的厨房里建立了一个实验室，只用大豆、椰子蜡和精油等天然原料制作了一支蜡烛。）”可知，亚历杭德罗开始做蜡烛生意是因为他想解决他妈妈的问题。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“There were altogether 25 scents on the shelf. He continued to make new scents and wanted to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the houses.（架子上总共有25种香味。他继续制作新的香味，并希望看到他所有的蜡烛进入每一个家庭，爱和喜悦进入每一个家庭。）”结合上文可知，Smell of Love Candles将提供新的蜡烛香味。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.（亚历杭德罗的蜡烛生意利润颇丰，但对他来说，他赚的钱不仅用于自己的大学基金，还用于当地的慈善机构。）”可知，亚历杭德罗赚的钱会被用来帮助更多需要帮助的人。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后一句“Within a few months, he had about six scents, including Chunky Sweaters and Cozy Socks, which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a pine forest.（几个月内，他就有了大约六种气味，包括厚实的毛衣和舒适的袜子，闻起来像混合了松林的水果饮料。）”结合上文可推知，亚历杭德罗是一个极具创造力的人。再根据文章最后一段“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.（亚历杭德罗的蜡烛生意利润颇丰，但对他来说，他赚的钱不仅用于自己的大学基金，还用于当地的慈善机构。）”可推知，他还是一个有爱心的人。故选C项。
C
Scientists are getting a better look at the universe thanks to the new James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST)—the largest, most powerful space telescope ever built. It was sent into space on a rocket on Dec. 25, 2021 and is now located about 1. 6 million kilometres away from Earth. It moves around the sun, keeping in line with Earth.
Scientists released the first images taken by the telescope in July 2022. One of these images shows the most distant view of the universe ever seen. Other images from the JWST include Jupiter and Mars, as well as two exoplanets (planets not in our own solar system). The telescope has also captured (捕获) images of the Southern Ring Nebula, a cloud of gas surrounding a dying star, as well as the Carina Nebula, where newly forming stars can be seen.
The JWST observes only infrared light. The further away something is in the universe, the longer it takes for its light to reach us on Earth. As light travels through space, it stretches out into longer and longer wavelengths. As it gets longer, it becomes invisible to humans, and is called infrared light.
Because the JWST sees infrared light, it is able to see further away—and further back in time—than other telescopes. It also records more details of the objects it observes. Scientists hope this will help them learn more about the origins of the universe, and better understand things like black holes, or how planets and galaxies are formed.
The images the telescope sends back to Earth do not look like the photographs we see from scientists. Because the JWST records only infrared light, the images it sends back appear black to a human eye. However, they actually contain many different shades of grey that represent different wavelengths of infrared light.
Scientists working with the images use filters ( 过滤器) to separate the different wavelengths. Then they give each wavelength a different colour so it can be seen by a human eye. When all of these filtered layers (层) of colour are combined, they create the colourful pictures that scientists send out. Adding colour to the images not only makes them more interesting for people to look at. It also helps scientists see more details in the images, which will help them better understand what they are looking at.
28. According to Paragraph 3, the infrared light________.
A. is the light from nearby stars
B. cannot be seen by human eyes
C. reaches the earth earlier than other lights
D. travels in space with shorter wavelength
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The pictures sent back by JWST are beautiful.
B. JWST goes around in the same way as the sun does.
C. The formation of the black holes was recorded by JWST.
D. JWST has shown the farthest view of the universe by now.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. How scientists use JWST to take photos.
B. Why JWST is better than other telescopes.
C. What scientists discovers in space with JWST.
D. How JWST helps scientists explore the space.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“As it gets longer, it becomes invisible to humans, and is called infrared light.(随着它的延长，人们看不见它，人类称之为红外线。)”可知，人们肉眼看不到红外线，故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scientists released the first images taken by the telescope in July 2022. One of these images shows the most distant view of the universe ever seen. (2022年7月，科学家发布了该望远镜拍摄的第一批图像。其中一张照片展示了有史以来最遥远的宇宙景象。)”可知，JWST望远镜已经展示了宇宙的最远景象。故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientists are getting a better look at the universe thanks to the new James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST)—the largest, most powerful space telescope ever built.(多亏了新的詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜望远镜（JWST） ，科学家们对宇宙有了更好的了解。)”，第二段中“Scientists released the first images taken by the telescope in July 2022.(2022年7月，科学家发布了该望远镜拍摄的第一批图像。)”，第三段中“The JWST observes only infrared light.(JWST只能观察到红外线。)”，第四段中“Because the JWST sees infrared light, it is able to see further away—and further back in time—than other telescopes.(由于JWST能够看到红外线，因此它能够比其他望远镜看到更远的距离——以及更久远的过去。)”，第五段中“The images the telescope sends back to Earth do not look like the photographs we see from scientists.(望远镜传回地球的图像与我们从科学家那里看到的照片不一样。)”可知，文章第一段指出JWST望远镜帮助科学家对宇宙有更好的了解，接着下文介绍了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的，由此可知，文章主要讲述了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的，故选D。
D
Slow schools and slow education can refer to different aspects of education. Some people use the term slow schools to refer to schools that are attempting to bring slow food to the cafeteria or dining room. For others it has far more implications and includes aspects of connection to knowledge, tradition, moral purpose and all that is important in life. In this sense it refers to the curriculum (课程), the way it is delivered, the process of learning, management of the school, and even if school is the best vehicle through which to educate our children. So in this sense, it refers to bringing the slow movement into education.
In many Western countries that have Anglo-Saxon origins, governments and schools have strict control structures in place and schools are driven by standardised curricula with tests and targets to ensure uniform outcomes. The emphasis is on the outcome not on the process. The process is about things like how ideas are conceptualised, how can we support learning and the knowing of how to learn, as well as the love of learning and investigating.
Slow education is also about connection to knowledge and to learning—real learning. It is about doing no harm and having respect for all living and non-living things. Slow education is a concept of ‘ecological literacy’. Michael Stone and Zenobia Barlow have put together a collection of authors in Ecological Literacy: Educating our Children for a Sustainable World to give us ways to adapt to the way we live on Earth and the way we can educate our children to their highest capacities. This book is recommended to parents and educators who are engaged in creative efforts to develop new curricula and improve children’s ecological understanding. Slow education is about supporting our children to develop values and ethics (道德规范) that will enable them to live a joyous life in the slow lane.
The similarities of debate about Fast Food vs Slow Food and the debate about Fast Schools vs Slow Schools are self- evident upon reflection. Fast schools like fast food are not concerned with the process, preparation and connection. They are concerned with the standardised end product which in the case of schools is the results from standardised tests and targets, and in the case of food is the standardised hamburger or fried chicken etc. ，that look like all others the outlet produce quickly.
The process of education is not about supplying students with lumps of information to be repeated on demand. It is about enabling students to learn how to learn. It is also about giving them opportunities to hear what others have learnt (knowledge) and to then discuss, argue, and reflect on this knowledge to gain a greater understanding of its truth for them and of how this knowledge will be of use to them.
31. What does the underlined phrase “uniform outcome” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. The same results. B. The unique courses.
C. The positive effects. D. The special clothes.
32. Why does the writer mention Michael Stone and Zenobia Barlow’s book?
A. To present the purpose of slow education.
B. To encourage people to develop new courses.
C. To prove slow education is popular among parents.
D. To offer materials to learn about ecological literacy.
33. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Education is a mirror reflecting the world.
B. People should rethink what to teach in schools.
C. We should reflect on ourselves on a daily basis.
D. Better reading skills should be attained in school.
34. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Slow Schools- connecting children to life.
B. Slow Food- -turning schools into a new style.
C. Slow Education- -helping students get better grades.
D. Slow Movement- -being different from the fast world.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“慢教育”理念和益处。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段“In many Western countries that have Anglo-Saxon origins, governments and schools have strict control structures in place and schools are driven by standardised curricula with tests and targets to ensure uniform outcomes (在许多起源于盎格鲁撒克逊的西方国家，政府和学校都有严格的控制结构，学校由标准化的课程和考试目标驱动，以确保uniform outcomes。)”可知，学校用的是标准化的课程，所以应该是想要一样的教育结果。所以猜测uniform outcomes是“相同的结果”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“Slow education is a concept of ‘ecological literacy’. Michael Stone and Zenobia Barlow have put together a collection of authors in Ecological Literacy: Educating our Children for a Sustainable World to give us ways to adapt to the way we live on Earth and the way we can educate our children to their highest capacities. This book is recommended to parents and educators who are engaged in creative efforts to develop new curricula and improve children’s ecological understanding.(慢教育是“生态素养”的概念。迈克尔·斯通（Michael Stone）和泽诺比亚·巴洛（Zenobia Barlow）在《生态素养：为可持续世界教育我们的孩子》（Ecological Literature:Education our Children for a Sustainable World）一书中汇集了一批作者，为我们提供了适应地球生活方式的方法，以及我们能够以最高能力教育孩子的方法。这本书推荐给那些致力于开发新课程和提高儿童生态理解的家长和教育工作者。)”可知，作者提到他们的书是为了提供学习生态素养的材料。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“In many Western countries that have Anglo-Saxon origins, governments and schools have strict control structures in place and schools are driven by standardised curricula with tests and targets to ensure uniform outcomes. The emphasis is on the outcome not on the process. (在许多起源于盎格鲁撒克逊的西方国家，政府和学校都有严格的控制结构，学校由标准化的课程和考试目标驱动，以确保统一的结果。重点是结果，而不是过程。)”以及后文可知，现在很多西方国家的学校都只在乎结果而不在乎过程，而我们应该更注意学生学习的过程。所以我们应该重新思考在学校怎么教学生，教什么内容。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“The process of education is not about supplying students with lumps of information to be repeated on demand. It is about enabling students to learn how to learn. It is also about giving them opportunities to hear what others have learnt (knowledge) and to then discuss, argue, and reflect on this knowledge to gain a greater understanding of its truth for them and of how this knowledge will be of use to them.(教育的过程并不是向学生提供大量信息，供他们根据需要重复。它是关于让学生学会如何学习的。这也是为了让他们有机会倾听他人所学（知识），然后讨论、辩论和反思这些知识，从而更好地了解这些知识的真实性，以及这些知识对他们有何用处。)”以及前文可知，文章主要“慢教育”理念和益处，所以A项Slow Schools- connecting children to life(慢教育-将儿童与生活联系起来。)符合文意。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ecoducts: The Safe Way to Cross the Road
How does an animal cross a road safely? The short answer is: it often doesn’t! Every year around the word, thousands of animals are killed or injured by cars, trucks, and trains on our busy roads and railway systems.
France was the first country to build wildlife crossings to help animals get across roads safely. The French designed these structures to protect animals from the busy traffic. Since then, many other countries have also built wildlife crossings.____35____
Ecoducts, also called “ green bridges”, are structures that engineers build over big roads and highways.____36____Cars, vans, and trucks go under the ecoducts, through a tunnel, and the animals walk over the ecoduct, above the road or highway.
At Banff National Park, in Alberta, Canada, park employees have labored hard to make more than 40 ecoducts. Some of the ecoducts in Banff are bridges that cross over the highway.____37____Others are called underpasses. These are tunnels that go under a road. Most ecoducts have soil and plants on them which provide a good environment for wildlife and encourage animals to use the structures. Some ecoducts, including many in Canada and in Florida, are made extremely big so that black bears, deer, and the Florida panther will use them.
____38____Perhaps you’re distrustful about this idea. You shouldn’t be, because animals do use them! At first animals can be a little unsettled of the crossings. Experts say that some bears can take as long as five years to start using them. When animals realize that the ecoducts are safe, they use them a lot! So far, since Banff National Park began to make notes about the ecoducts in 1997, eleven different species of mammals have used the overpasses and underpasses more than 200, 000 times !
Ecoducts are a great way to protect wildlife from traffic.____39____But for now even snakes can get itself across a road safely thanks to ecoducts!
A. Were endangered animals saved from dying out?
B. But do animals really use these man-made bridges?
C. These are called overpasses because they go over a road.
D. They allow many different types of animals to cross safely to the other side.
E. In the Netherlands there are over 600 special bridges and tunnels, called ecoducts.
F. Countries will be building many more of these structures around the world in the future.
G. France used to be known for its dangerous car crashes with animals until the roads were upgraded.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主语介绍了一些国家为了使动物安全穿过马路而建造的生态导管。
【35题详解】
上文“Since then, many other countries have also built wildlife crossings.(从那时起，许多其他国家也建立了野生动物过境点。)”指出为了使动物安全过马路，除了法国外，其他一些国家也建立了野生动物过境点，下文“Ecoducts, also called “ green bridges”, are structures that engineers build over big roads and highways(生态导管，也被称为“绿色桥梁”，是工程师们在大型公路和高速公路上建造的结构)”提到本文主题生态导管，由此可知空处应该承上启下，指出一些国家建立了生态导管，E项“In the Netherlands there are over 600 special bridges and tunnels, called ecoducts.(在荷兰有超过600个特殊的桥梁和隧道，称为生态导管。)”符合，故选E。
【36题详解】
上文“Ecoducts, also called “ green bridges”, are structures that engineers build over big roads and highways(生态导管，也被称为“绿色桥梁”，是工程师们在大型公路和高速公路上建造的结构)”提到生态导管是什么，空处应该承接上文，指出其作用，D项“They allow many different types of animals to cross safely to the other side.(它们允许许多不同种类的动物安全地穿越到另一边。)”符合，“They”代指上文提到的Ecoducts，故选D。
【37题详解】
上文“Some of the ecoducts in Banff are bridges that cross over the highway.(班夫的一些生态导管是跨越高速公路的桥梁。)”提到一些生态导管是跨越高速公路的桥梁，下文“Others are called underpasses.(还有一些叫做地下通道。)”提到其他的叫地下通道，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出跨越高速公路的桥梁被叫做什么，C项“These are called overpasses because they go over a road.(这些被称为立交桥，因为它们通过一条公路。)”符合，“These”代指上文提到是bridges that cross over the highway，故选C。
【38题详解】
下文“Perhaps you’re distrustful about this idea. You shouldn’t be, because animals do use them!(也许你不相信这个主意。你不应该担忧，因为动物会用它们！)”提到你不必担心动物不能安全穿过这些管道，因为它们会用，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，指出你对动物能不能安全穿过这些桥梁有疑问，B项“But do animals really use these man-made bridges?(但是动物真使用这些人造桥梁吗？)”符合，和下文构成一问一答，故选B。
【39题详解】
上文“Ecoducts are a great way to protect wildlife from traffic.(生态导管是保护野生动物免受交通伤害的好方法。)”指出生态导管是保护野生动物免受交通伤害的好方法，所以我们要大力提倡，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出未来可能有更多国家建造这样的构造，F项“Countries will be building many more of these structures around the world in the future.(未来，世界各国将建造更多这样的结构。)”符合，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Are you a bookworm? Is your head permanently stuck in a book? If so, that’s a good thing. There are many benefits to reading. Getting into a good novel improves our literacy. But who or what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading?
Of course, when we are young, our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate. And there are the authors—the people who invent and write about these characters. Good writing can really capture our imagination. As a child, I loved books written by Roald Dahl, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Twits. These fictional stories were funny, mysterious, and slightly adventurous. These books are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.
One modern-day children’s author is J. K. Rowling，who’s known for her books about the wizard, Harry Potter. Last year she was named as a “literacy hero” for her part in improving people’s love of reading. The UK’s National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for “turning a generation of children into readers”.
The Trust also honoured schoolchildren, a librarian and teachers for their effort in trying to get people to read. The actor, Henry Winkler, who has dyslexia, was also named for the books he has written about a boy with learning difficulties.
Reading books is more than an enjoyable pastime; it can also help people in difficult circumstances. The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and discus- sing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behaviour. She says, “Very often we would have discussions about the moral compass of a character, what was the motivation of somebody, why did they behave that way?”
Today I tend to read factual books such as biographies, where you get an insight into the lives of important and well-known people. I also enjoy looking at travel books and learning about journeys and new destinations. It’s a good substitute if you can’t visit in person.
But the main benefit of reading is to improve our literacy. The more we do it, the better we get and who knows—one day you may become the next Tolstoy, Jackie Collins or even William Shakespeare.
40. How are we encouraged to read when we are young?
________________
41. Why was J K. Rowling awarded by the UK’s National Literacy Trust?
________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In the face of the competition from contemporary authors, the stories the author read when he was young are not so widely enjoyed by young readers as they used to be.
________________
43. Besides the ones mentioned in the passage, what else do you think can reading benefit us? (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】40. By introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate. / Our teachers and parents inspired us to read by introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate.
41. Because she improved people’s love of reading. / she turned a generation of children into readers.
42. 划线In the face of the competition from contemporary authors, the stories the author read when he was young are not so widely enjoyed by young readers as they used to be.
According to the passage, the stories the author read when he was young are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.
43. one possible version:
In my opinion, reading can improve our memory. It helps us learn how to store new information and recall memories more effectively. Also, reading can help reduce stress. 30 minutes of reading can greatly lower our blood pressure and we can get very pleased through this fantastic entertainment.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读的好处，作者在文章中还提到了一些著名人物，如提高了人们对阅读的热爱的J. K. Rowling以及发现阅读和讨论故事可以帮助囚犯反思自己的行为模式的Pat Winslow。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Of course, when we are young, our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate.”(当然，当我们还小的时候，我们的父母和老师会通过向我们介绍我们喜欢或爱恨交织的角色来激励我们。)可知，是通过向我们介绍我们喜欢或爱恨交织的角色来激励我们。故答案为By introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate. 或者Our teachers and parents inspired us to read by introducing us to characters that we love or love to hate.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Last year she was named as a “literacy hero” for her part in improving people’s love of reading.”(去年，由于她在提高人们对阅读的热爱方面所做的贡献，她被评为“识字英雄”。)以及“The UK’s National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for “turning a generation of children into readers”.”(英国国家识字基金会授予她“让一代孩子成为读者”的称号。)可知，是因为她在提高人们对阅读的热爱方面所做的贡献，以及她让一代孩子成为读者，受到英国国家识字基金会的嘉奖。故答案为Because she improved people’s love of reading. / she turned a generation of children into readers.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“These books are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.”(这些书即使在今天也很受孩子们欢迎，尽管有当代作者的竞争。)可知，尽管有当代作者的竞争，作者年轻时的书也很受孩子欢迎。故答案为In the face of the competition from contemporary authors, the stories the author read when he was young are not so widely enjoyed by young readers as they used to be.
According to the passage, the stories the author read when he was young are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。阅读对每个人都有不同的益处，参考答案可以是：阅读可以提高我们的记忆力。它帮助我们学习如何存储新信息和更有效地回忆。此外，阅读可以帮助减轻压力。30分钟的阅读可以大大降低我们的血压，我们可以通过这种奇妙的娱乐得到非常高兴。故答案为In my opinion, reading can improve our memory. It helps us learn how to store new information and recall memories more effectively. Also, reading can help reduce stress. 30 minutes of reading can greatly lower our blood pressure and we can get very pleased through this fantastic entertainment.
第二节 书面表达 (20分)
44. 假设你是学生会主席李华，学生会打算召开一次主题为“成功的秘诀”的线上英文演讲活动，请你写信给你的英国外教Jim，邀请他来参加你们的活动并做主题发言。
内容包括：1.演讲活动举办的时间和内容；
2.建议发言的具体内容及其原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I am writing on behalf of the school’s Student Union to invite you to be our guest in the online speech competition themed “The secret of Success”, which will be held at 9 a. m. next Monday via Tencent Meeting.
In the competition, ten contestants will give a five-minute speech on the topic in English, followed by the question-and-answer session.
As we know, you are an expert in public speaking and a beloved and well-known teacher. So, would you have time to be our guest and make a keynote speech after the competition? We would appreciate it very much if you can make comments on the positive and negative aspects of contestants provide some tips about public speaking.
I sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let me know.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Another possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m writing on behalf of the Student Union to cordially invite you to attend an online English speech contest and I’m writing to ask if you would like to join us.
To help students have a deeper understanding of success, the student union is going to hold a speech competition. As is scheduled, it is going to be held from 2:00 p. m. to 5:00 p. m. on January 5th. on Tencent Meeting. All the competitors are required to prepare an original speech themed “The secret of Success” within 5 minutes. At the end of the contest, you are expected to share some representative success stories, offering us a new dimension in understanding of success.
If you’re available, please confirm it at earliest convenience and we will send you the meeting number. Your presence will be highly expected.
Yours,
Lihua
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生写信给你的英国外教Jim，邀请他来参加主题为“成功的秘诀”的线上英文演讲活动并做主题发言。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
竞争者：contestant→competitor
感激：appreciate→be grateful
提供：provide→offer
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the competition, ten contestants will give a five-minute speech on the topic in English, followed by the question-and-answer session.
拓展句：In the competition, after ten contestants give a five-minute speech on the topic in English, the question-and-answer session will be followed.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I am writing on behalf of the school’s Student Union to invite you to be our guest in the online speech competition themed “The secret of Success”, which will be held at 9 a, m. next Monday via Tencent Meeting.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]We would appreciate it very much if you can make comments on the positive and negative aspects of contestants provide some tips about public speaking.(if引导条件状语从句)