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北京市房山区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市房山区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京房山高二(下)期中
英语
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ___1___ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.
For Robbie, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ___2___ his stolen bike. But when he went shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the lack of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed ___3___ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Robbie came up with a plan and posted it on the community website. He ___4___ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair — again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the ___5___ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Robbie received thirty used bicycles. Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Robbie had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ___6___ to their owners.
Robbie tries to give his donations to families that are truly ___7___. Upon simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to practical skills, Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ___8___ , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
“It’s a really great experience for kids,” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Robbie is certainly providing a ___9___ , but it’s not just the bikes. It’s the relationships in the community. It’s the ____10____ that he can make on people.”
1. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
2. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
3. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
4. A. offered B. refused C. hesitated D. remembered
5. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
6. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
7. A. demanding B. struggling C. fighting D. requesting
8. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
9. A. service B. competition C. ceremony D. suggestion
10. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自行车被盗后萌生了帮人修自行车的想法，他不仅修车，还把修好的二手车捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买车的人。他还给邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪就发生了转变。A. emotions情绪；B. career职业；C. opinions想法；D. route路线。根据下文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.”可知，他原本是愤怒和沮丧的，但后来变成了同情，这是他情绪的变化。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷骑自行车的Robbie来说，要做的第一件事就是替换他被盗的自行车。A. ride骑；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace替换。根据下文“But when he went bike shopping,”可知，自行车丢了，他想换新车。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当他去买自行车时，他发现几乎没有车，这让他思考：如果缺乏自行车与新冠肺炎相关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation交通工具；D. permission许可。由本句“the person who’d taken his bike really needed 3 to get to work?”可推知，他猜想偷车人需要自行车作为上班的交通工具。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为任何需要的人免费修理自行车。A. offered主动提出；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. remembered记得。根据上文“Robbie came up with a plan and posted it on the community website”可知，他将自己的想法和计划发布到网站上，说明是他主动提出为别人免费修理自行车。选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据句中“donate them to folks who could truly use them”可知，这些修好的旧车是用于捐赠的，所以是捐给需要但没有预算买车的人。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Robbie已经修复了超过140辆自行车用于捐赠或归还给它们的主人。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned归还。根据句中“to their owners”可知，部分修好的车也会归还给它们的主人。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Robbie试图把他的自行车捐给那些真正在艰苦奋斗的家庭。A. demanding强烈要求；B. struggling奋斗，挣扎；C. fighting打架；D. requesting请求。根据上文“And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the 5 to buy one.”可知，自行车是捐给真正需要但没有预算买的人，即在在艰苦奋斗的贫穷家庭。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，孩子们获得了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Meanwhile与此同时。上文“Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.”说他的行为带来诸多益处，句中“the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment”承接上文，说Robbie还给孩子们带来成就感，上下文是并列关系，用连接副词meanwhile。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辩词。句意：Robbie当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. service服务；B. competition比赛；C. ceremony仪式；D. suggestion建议。根据前文可知，Robbie免费修自行车，教授孩子们如何修车，这都是由他所提供的服务。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辩词。句意：而是他对人们的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact巨大影响；D. progress进步。根据上文“Upon simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to practical skills, Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.”可知，Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I lasted two days. The detox was ___11___(difficult) to tolerate than I had expected. I felt like I had lost an arm! Not eating for two days would have been easier! But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with ___12___( check) my phone. Now I ___13___(try) to spend less time online and more time picking up my hobbies.
【答案】11. more difficult
12. checking
13. am trying
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了我戒手机的情况。
【11题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：脱瘾比我想象更难忍受。形容词difficult在句中作表语，结合句意和句中“than I had expected”可知，应使用其比较级形式more difficult，表示“更难的”。故填more difficult。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但仔细一想，我知道我有多少时间花在了查看手机上。介词with后用动名词作宾语。故填checking。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：现在我试着少花点时间上网，多花点时间培养我的爱好。提示词是句子谓语动词，结合时态状语Now可知，讲述现阶段正在做的事情，用现在进行时态，又因主语是I，系动词应用am。故填am trying。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
What is culture shock? When he first visited the US, Mr Li was confused on a bus. He offered his seat to an elderly man, but the man seemed ___14___(annoy) and refused to take the seat. Later Mr. Li’s American friends explained to him that in the US it is not advisable, and even offensive, to offer your seat to elderly people. This is very different from China, where people ___15___(encourage) to do so. From the example we can see that culture shock is the feeling of confusion and anxiety when you encounter ___16___(situation) where the cultural norms (标准) in your culture no longer apply.
【答案】14. annoyed
15. are encouraged
16. situations
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是文化冲击。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他给一位老人让座，但那位老人似乎很生气，拒绝让座。seem是系动词，提示词作表语，表明主语the man的心理状态，用-ed结尾形容词annoyed，意为“恼怒的，烦恼的”。故填annoyed。
【15题详解】
考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这与中国非常不同，在中国，人们被鼓励去做这样的事情。encourage(鼓励)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语people之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，描述习惯性行为，应使用一般现在时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are encouraged。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：从这个例子中我们可以看到，文化冲击是当你遇到你的文化规范不再适用的情况时，你感到困惑和焦虑。可数名词situation在句中作宾语，意为“情况”，结合语境，这种情况不止一个，应用复数名词situations，表泛指。故填situations。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Qinming Festival, originating from the Hanshi Day, is an opportunity for people ___17___(remember) and honor their ancestors at tombs. And it became a festival in 732. Then observance (纪念) of Qingming found a firm place ___18___Chinese culture and continued for over 2500 years. The Qingming Festival is a time ___19___ the sun shines brightly, trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people ___20___ (follow) the custom of Spring Outings.
【答案】17. to remember
18. in 19. when
20. have followed
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清明节。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节，起源于寒食节，是人们在墓前纪念祖先的一个机会。抽象名词opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语；an opportunity (for sb.) to do sth.“(某人)做某事的机会”。故填to remember。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后，清明节在中国文化中占据了稳固的地位，并持续了2500年。表示“在中国文化中”用介词in；find a firm place in...“在……中找到稳固的地位”。故填in。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：清明节是一个阳光明媚，树木和草地变绿，大自然又活跃起来的日子。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在那时”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
【20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，人们就有春游的习俗。follow (沿袭，遵循)是句中谓语动词，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知，动作从过去一直持续到现在，应使用现在完成时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时复数形式。故填have followed。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Being stranded (困住) in the wilderness is a terrifying prospect for anyone, so for those who want to be prepared, then survival training courses could be a great idea. You can learn how to survive in some of the most extreme and unstable conditions. Here are some of the best survival training courses you can find across the USA.
●Bear Grylls Survival — Available in many different countries is this well-known TV personality’s course on survival. This involves a five-day adventure, with two days of intense survival training from Bear. You will then be dropped onto an island for 30 hours to put the skills you just learned to the test.
●BOSS 28-Day Field Survival — Opening back in 1968, this is the most renowned survival school in the world. Participants spend 28 days out in the Utah wilderness with limited supplies and equipment. There are also shorter versions of the course for 7 to 14 day periods as well as courses for kids as well.
●Ancient Pathways — The military uses this survival school for their desert survival training, so you know it’s the real deal. There’s a lot of different classes on offer, from bushcraft to extreme wilderness survival. You can go on these courses from 4 to 14 day periods, and there’s even a knife only survival course too. Then they have a more intensive course available afterwards that takes survival to a whole new level with no food and water.
●Mountain Scout Survival School — For a training course that is quicker (and cheaper as well), the Mountain Scout School offers up one-day training experiences just outside of New York. These are great classes for kids who want to learn more about urban survival. There are also courses on tracking, trapping, fire building and other necessary survival skills that could end up saving your life.
21. What can you do in Ancient Pathways?
A. Take a course to join the army.
B. Experience the wilderness of Utah.
C. Learn how to survive only with a knife.
D. Examine what you’ve learned on an island.
22. What courses are suitable for a 12-year-old boy who has a sense of adventure?
A. Bear Grylls Survival &Ancient Pathways.
B. Bear Grylls Survival &BOSS 28-Day Field Survival.
C. Ancient Pathways &Mountain Scout Survival School.
D. BOSS 28-Day Field Survival &Mountain Scout Survival School.
23. This passage is intended for ___.
A. military enthusiasts B. outdoor enthusiasts
C. survival experts D. education experts
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ancient Pathways部分中“You can go on these courses from 4 to 14 day periods, and there’s even a knife only survival course too.(你可以参加为期4到14天的课程，甚至还有一个只有刀的生存课程)”可知，在Ancient Pathways，你将学会如何在只有一把刀的情况下生存。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据BOSS 28-Day Field Survival部分中“There are also shorter versions of the course for 7 to 14 day periods as well as courses for kids as well.(也有7到14天的短期课程，还有儿童课程)”和Mountain Scout Survival School部分中“These are great classes for kids who want to learn more about urban survival.(对于想要了解更多城市生存知识的孩子来说，这些课程非常棒)”可知，BOSS 28-Day Field Survival和Mountain Scout Survival School两项适合有冒险精神的12岁男孩。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Being stranded (困住) in the wilderness is a terrifying prospect for anyone, so for those who want to be prepared, then survival training courses could be a great idea. You can learn how to survive in some of the most extreme and unstable conditions. Here are some of the best survival training courses you can find across the USA.(被困在野外对任何人来说都是一件可怕的事情，所以对于那些想要做好准备的人来说，生存培训课程可能是一个好主意。你可以学习如何在一些最极端和不稳定的条件下生存。这里有一些你可以在美国各地找到的最好的生存训练课程)”可知，本文介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程，所以这篇文章是写给户外运动爱好者的。故选B项。
B
Dear Year 6 at Snowdon Vale County Secondary School,
Do you remember we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year? Well, here is our suggestion and we hope you will join us to develop it.
The idea came to us in the autumn of 2004 when our head teacher made an announcement of a new student coming from a circus. Immediately there was whispering, “Those are dirty people!”; “They eat raw meat!”; “They wear rags!”. . . The teacher stopped the talking seriously.
The next morning after being introduced to the class, Jake sat in the only spare seat next to me. He was smaller than me and had dirty finger nails. His shirt was clean but had been repaired on many places. As he seemed to have no handkerchief and was sniffing loudly, I passed him one of mine. Immediately the boys behind me began to whisper, “He’ll give you the plague when he returns it!” Jake must have heard the remarks too. He seemed to be having great difficulty with his mathematics task. So I leaned over and explained the problems to him. As he listened, his mouth split into a dazzling smile. His eyes lit up as if a light had been turned on and he returned to the exercises with enthusiasm. He finished them quickly and proudly presented them to the teacher. “Well done, Jake,” she approved. “Now you can go and work on our new database.” Jake beamed and was soon busy sorting out information and adding more of his own.
I thought about how Jake’s life would be. I remembered seeing the campsite and thinking how poor the facilities were: only one tap for water, no particular place to put rubbish and a small dirty washing and toilet area. I wondered that if they were improved, then perhaps people would no longer be rude to him. I decided to help.
This year, we in our school plan to improve the campsite. Hope you will join us.
Best wishes.
Fred Sams
Meadowside County Secondary School
24. Why did the other students have unfriendly remarks on Jake?
A. Because Jake was seen eating raw meat.
B. Because Jake lived on a circus campsite.
C. Because Jake was not good at mathematics.
D. Because Jake was struck by a terrible plague.
25. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?
A Jake’s clothing was exactly what the other students expected.
B. Fred Sams stopped helping Jake when other boys held him back.
C. Jake broke into a smile because he found confidence in mathematics.
D. Jake didn’t reply to the negative remarks because he didn’t hear them.
26. What can best describe Jake according to the passage?
A. Friendly and polite.
B. Impolite and cold.
C. Dull and reserved.
D. Smart and enthusiastic.
27. What is Fred’s purpose in writing this letter?
A. To narrate the story about his friendship with Jake.
B. To call for other students’ help with a school project.
C. To criticise the discrimination against certain students.
D. To draw attention to the poor facilities of the campsite.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者在信介绍了新同学杰克的情况，并号召同学们加入学校的营地改造计划来帮助他。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea came to us in the autumn of 2004 when our head teacher made an announcement of a new student coming from a circus. Immediately there was whispering, ‘Those are dirty people!’; ‘They eat raw meat!’; ‘They wear rags!’ (2004年秋天我们萌生了这个想法，那时我们的班主任宣布一个来自马戏团的新学生的到来。当时教室里立刻响起了窃窃私语：“那些人是肮脏的人！”；“他们吃生肉！”；“他们穿破衣服！”)”可知，其他学生对杰克说不友好的话是因为杰克生活在马戏团。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“He finished them quickly and proudly presented them to the teacher. ‘Well done, Jake,’ she approved. ‘Now you can go and work on our new database.’ Jake beamed and was soon busy sorting out information and adding more of his own.(他很快就做完了，并自豪地把它们交给了老师。“干得好，杰克。”她赞许地说。“现在你可以去处理我们的新数据了。”杰克笑了，很快就忙着整理信息，并补充了更多他自己的信息)”可推知，因为受到老师的鼓励，对数学有了信心，所以杰克喜笑颜开。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“So I leaned over and explained the problems to him. As he listened, his mouth split into a dazzling smile. His eyes lit up as if a light had been turned on and he returned to the exercises with enthusiasm.(于是我俯身向他解释了问题所在。他听着，嘴角绽开灿烂的笑容。他的眼睛亮了起来，好像开了一盏灯，他又热情地继续练习)”可推知，杰克很快明白了我讲的内容，说明他很聪明(smart)；他听懂后马上继续练习，说明充满热情(enthusiastic)。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合书信第一段“Do you remember we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year? Well, here is our suggestion and we hope you will join us to develop it.(你还记得我们同意就今年的学校项目交流我们的想法吗？好吧，这是我们的建议，我们希望你能加入我们来推动它)”和最后一段中“This year, we in our school plan to improve the campsite. Hope you will join us.(今年，我们学校计划改进营地。希望你能加入我们)”可推知，Fred写这封信的目的是号召其它同学加入学校的营地改进计划，并提供帮助。故选B项。
C
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing the way our memories function. His latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on“search”as a readily available shortcut.
Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory (交互记忆) source, a method by which our brains divide information. Transactive memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. You don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it. Now computers and technology are becoming virtual extensions of our memory.
Wegner conducted several experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon, using various forms of memory recall to test reliance on computers. In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.
Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand (机械手).
And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,”Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.”
28. Why does the writer mention “a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday” in Paragraph 2?
A. To show that people who are closely related tend to have shared memories.
B. To demonstrate how people initially developed external sources of memory.
C. To emphasize the effectiveness and accuracy of transactive memory sources.
D. To illustrate the concept of a transactive memory source using a familiar situation.
29. What do people tend to do in the experiment when asked to provide unfamiliar facts?
A. Think of specific information sources.
B. Recall them from their deep memories.
C. Type into computer and remember them.
D. Link the unfamiliar facts to their experiences.
30. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Reliance on computers does not necessarily reduce human memory.
B. Computers have helped people to understand the memory system better.
C. Computer dependence affects our thinking capacities in other distinct fields.
D. Researches should be done to reveal the side effect of computer dependence.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory(交互记忆)source, a method by which our brains divide information. Transactive memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. ( Wegner认为，新的发现表明互联网已经成为交互式记忆源的一部分，这是我们大脑划分信息的一种方法。交互记忆有多种形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子记住亲戚的生日)”推知，提到丈夫依靠妻子记住一个亲戚生日的例子，是用一个熟悉的情况来说明交互记忆源的概念。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.( 在一项实验中，参与者在被问及一系列复杂的琐事问题后，他们更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等计算机术语。在另一项实验中，参与者在电脑中输入一些语句，并被告知这些语句将被保存在特定的文件夹中。接下来，他们被要求回忆这些陈述。最后，研究人员给他们提示，并要求他们说出存放这些语句的文件夹名称。事实证明，参与者能够更好地回忆文件夹位置，而不是语句本身)”可知，从实验中我们知道，当被要求提供他们不熟悉的事实时，人们倾向于想到特定的信息源。故选A。
30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” (现在没有人知道这些工具对逻辑思维的影响)”以及“But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand (机械手).(但他认为，将对电脑的依赖与对机械手的依赖进行比较，总体而言情况是有益的)”和最后一段中“And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,”Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.”(尽管我们可能没有用记忆来回忆不同的事实，但我们仍然在用它们来考虑事实的位置以及如何获取它们。“我们仍然需要记住一些事情，”韦格纳解释道。“我们只是记住了一系列不同的事情。”)”可推知，对计算机的依赖并不一定会减少人类的记忆。故选A。
D
There is a photo in my collection that I pull out from time to time to remind myself of an old vacation. It’s a picture of me from the late 1970s on a bench in London’s Victoria Station, my head resting against a wall, eyes closed with tiredness, clothes messed up.
I used to love that shot. It was evidence of my leisure time, of travel, of interruption from the office: miles covered, sights seen, train stations raced through, goals achieved.
However, as I leave work to hit the vacation trail this summer, I take along something extra. This traveling companion has a habit of ruining trips with feelings of guilt—the guilt that comes from attempting to vacation while thinking of the job.
The conflict between the time we want off and the guilt we feel when we actually give in to leisure is a long-running battle that has gone too far, driven by an over-scheduling craze. It has made many feel as if their free moments are a form of truancy (玩忽职守).
It’s hard to take it easy when you’ve been programmed not to. We have been taught for generations that work is the only goal.
Time that is unfilled is evil, we are led to believe, and unplanned enjoyment should be avoided. This is reinforced today by a workplace culture that wants you to believe that advancement depends on your staying on the job.
Research now shows, however, that leisure time can do something job advancement and money can’t. Leisure activities increase your desire to work leadership skills, your sense of awareness and your ability to change. Free time also promotes a positive mood and sense of well-being, because it develops self-worth. Deep down, everyone knows we need time off to make our lives better.
On holiday, using your productive output as a measure of yourself doesn’t work. This is because a vacation isn’t about output; it’s about input — exploring, learning, reflecting. The magic of a holiday is in the experience itself. This is the same as life satisfaction; it can’t be measured, only felt.
The best part of a vacation isn’t going somewhere else; it’s being where you are, fully involved in the experience.
31. The author mentions the photo at the beginning because ____.
A. it shows how exhausting leisure travel can be
B. it brings back good memories of a leisurely tour
C it shows the writer once considered leisure travel as a goal in itself
D. it proves interruptions from the office do not spoil the enjoyment of travel
32. What does the underlined phrase “this traveling companion” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Enjoying leisure time.
B. Thinking of one’s goals.
C. Interruptions from the office.
D. The feeling of guilt for not working.
33. What is one of the main benefits of leisure time according to the article?
A. It improves your productivity.
B. It is good for personal development.
C. It leads directly to job advancement.
D. It helps you see your goals in life more clearly.
34. According to the author, what should we do while on vacation?
A. Avoid much unplanned enjoyment.
B. Ignore job advancement and money.
C. Judge the vacation by productive output.
D. Enjoy the experience of being on vacation.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于休闲旅行的看法，指出休闲时间对个人发展有好处，度假主要是关于输入——探索、学习、反思，度假的魅力就在于体验本身。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It was evidence of my leisure time, of travel, of interruption from the office: miles covered, sights seen, train stations raced through, goals achieved.(这是我闲暇时间、旅行时间和被办公室打断的证据：走了几英里路，看过风景，匆匆走过火车站，实现了目标)”结合下文讲述现在人们旅行的状态推知，作者在第一段提到那张照片，是因为这让他想起了休闲旅行。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“This traveling companion has a habit of ruining trips with feelings of guilt—the guilt that comes from attempting to vacation while thinking of the job.(这位旅伴有一个习惯，就是带着内疚感破坏旅行——这种内疚感来自于在考虑工作的同时试图度假)”和第四段的“The conflict between the time we want off and the guilt we feel when we actually give in to leisure is a long-running battle that has gone too far, driven by an over-scheduling craze. It has made many feel as if their free moments are a form of truancy (玩忽职守).(我们想要休息的时间和我们实际上屈服于休闲时的内疚感之间的冲突是一场旷日持久的战斗，在过度安排日程的狂热推动下，这场战斗已经走得太远了。这让许多人觉得他们的空闲时间似乎是玩忽职守)”可知，“This traveling companion”指的是“去旅行而不工作的内疚感”。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Leisure activities increase your desire to work leadership skills, your sense of awareness and your ability to change.Free time also promotes a positive mood and sense of well-being, because it develops self-worth.(休闲活动会增加你工作的欲望；你的领导技能，你的意识和你的改变能力。空闲时间也能促进积极的情绪和幸福感，因为它能发展自我价值)”可知，休闲时间对个人发展有好处。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The magic of a holiday is in the experience itself. (度假的魅力就在于体验本身)”以及最后一段“The best part of a vacation isn’t going somewhere else; it’s being where you are, fully involved in the experience.(度假最好的部分不是去别的地方；而是置身其中，全身心地投入到体验中)”可知，作者建议人们度假时享受旅行的体验。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do a Proper Social Media Detox
Despite the involvement of dopamine (多巴胺), social media addiction is a psychological addiction. You need to stop rewarding your current dopamine triggers so that your brain can return to normal.___35___ Plus, you’re more likely to continuously go back into addiction with little hits. Here are the simple steps to a true social media detox:
●Deactivate your accounts.___36___ And it will also signal to your friends that you’ re on a detox. It is easy to find out how to deactivate Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
●Uninstall all social media apps. This will eliminate all of those notifications and alerts that play such a crucial role in social media addiction. And you won’t be as likely to pop one of those apps open in moments of boredom or stillness.
●Block all social media sites. This is for your computers, laptops, and tablets. Use one of these web filtering tools to restrict access to social media sites.___37___ I also have OpenDNS on my router, which blocks sites for all devices connected to it.
●___38___ It’s not enough to remove social media from your day. You need to fill that empty space with something else. Otherwise, you’re just going to claw your way back. I recommend learning new skills, whether creative hobbies, geeky DIY hobbies, or even hobby programming.
●Stick with the detox long enough. While studies are still limited on this, most experts agree that it takes approximately three months (or 100 days) for dopamine levels to return to normal. It may take longer depending on how long and how intensely you’ ve been addicted.___39___
One last word of advice: Don’t panic. A detox doesn’t have to be permanent — it just has to be long enough to rewire your brain and break you out of the endless dopamine cycle. You can always come back later.
A. Take a moment and search your heart.
B. My preferred tool is K9 Web Protection.
C. Replace social media with another activity.
D. This will serve as a fence against your sudden wish to check in.
E. You can’t do a detox if you’re feeding your appetite here and there.
F. So don’t be surprised if it takes upwards of six months or even a year.
G. Like most addictions, it takes hold of you long before you realize it even exists.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了戒掉社交媒体的方法。
【35题详解】
上文“You need to stop rewarding your current dopamine triggers so that your brain can return to normal.(你需要停止奖励你当前的多巴胺触发点，这样你的大脑才能恢复正常)”提出要停止满足多巴胺触发点，E项“You can’t do a detox if you’re feeding your appetite here and there. (如果你处处满足自己的欲望，你就无法实现脱瘾)”解释了原因：如果我们不断去满足自己对多巴胺的的欲望，我们就无法戒掉社交媒体，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【36题详解】
小标题“Deactivate your accounts.(停用你的帐户)”建议停用社交媒体帐号，D项“This will serve as a fence against your sudden wish to check in.(这可以防止你突然想要登录)”解释了需要停用帐号的原因：没有帐号就可以避免再次登录，上下文构成因果关系。故选D项。
【37题详解】
下文“I also have OpenDNS on my router, which blocks sites for all devices connected to it.(我的路由器上也安装了OpenDNS，它可以屏蔽所有连接到它的设备的网站)”列举了作者使用的一种网络过滤工具，根据句中“also have”可推知，设空句中会提到另一种网络过滤工具。B项“My preferred tool is K9 Web Protection.(我最喜欢的工具是K9 Web Protection)”提到作者最喜欢的过滤工具K9 Web Protection，与下文构成并列关系，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
【38题详解】
设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“It’s not enough to remove social media from your day. You need to fill that empty space with something else. Otherwise, you’re just going to claw your way back. I recommend learning new skills, whether creative hobbies, geeky DIY hobbies, or even hobby programming.(把社交媒体从你的生活中移除是不够的。你需要用别的东西来填补空白。否则，你很容易会网瘾复发。我建议学习新的技能，无论是创造性的爱好，极客DIY的爱好，甚至是编程的爱好)”可知，本段主要讲用其它活动来代替社交媒体。C项“Replace social media with another activity.(用其他活动代替社交媒体)”是最佳标题。故选C项。
【39题详解】
上文“While studies are still limited on this, most experts agree that it takes approximately three months (or 100 days) for dopamine levels to return to normal. It may take longer depending on how long and how intensely you’ ve been addicted.(虽然在这方面的研究仍然有限，但大多数专家认为，多巴胺水平需要大约三个月(或100天)才能恢复正常。也可能需要更长的时间，这取决于你上瘾的时间和程度)”指出社交媒体脱瘾需要的时间与上瘾时间和上瘾程度有关，因人而异。F项“So don’t be surprised if it takes upwards of six months or even a year.(所以，如果需要六个月甚至一年的时间，不要感到惊讶)”承接上文，提示如果你需要更长的时间来脱瘾不要感到惊讶，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，满分32分)
第一节: (共4小题;第40、41题各2分,:第42题3分,:第43题5分,:共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Computers, smartphones, and audio players are an essential part of students’ everyday lives. That means that whenever students are doing homework, they are going to be faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning. Instead of concentrating on one task, they are performing multiple tasks.
According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized (未经许可的) activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases.
But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. As the research indicates, the entertainment gained from secondary activities during studies makes learners feel better emotionally.
Watching TV or talking to your friends by email is pleasant and helps students fight boredom while doing homework or listening to a lecture they find boring. Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. Teenagers often overrate their abilities. The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient.
However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative. The research conducted by HKU indicates that people who routinely multitask are able to use their senses in conjunction (结合) more easily. Other research also shows that multitasking has a positive effect on the ability to pass judgment and solve problems quickly and efficiently.
40. What does the research by Larry Rosen tell us?
_________________________________________________________________________
41. According to the text, why do teenagers multitask?
_________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Multitasking which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students.
_________________________________________________________________________
43. Will you choose to multitask when doing homework? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies, with few knowing that this is at the expense of their own studies.
41. Because multitasking makes them feel good. Besides, they are not aware of the negative impact it has on their coursework.
42. Multitasking, which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students. According to this passage, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.
43. When doing homework, I will not choose multitasking. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate on what I am doing, which prevents me from efficiently completing my homework within the time limit.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized (未经许可的) activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases.(根据拉里·罗森发表在《计算机与人文科学》杂志上的研究，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。学生们经常被手机分散注意力，或者使用笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动。通常，学生们认为他们能够在不牺牲学业的情况下有效地处理多项任务。然而，研究表明，只有5%例子是这样的)”可知， Larry Rosen的研究告诉我们，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的任务上，却几乎不知道这是以牺牲自己的学业为代价。故答案为：Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies, with few knowing that this is at the expense of their own studies.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第三段的“But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. (但为什么青少年要同时处理多项任务呢？答案很简单：多任务处理让我们感觉良好)”和第四段的“ Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. (学生多任务处理的另一个原因是，他们根本看不到这对他们的课程有负面影响)”可知，青少年选择多任务是因为多任务处理让他们感觉良好，并且他们意识不到这对他们的课程有负面影响。故答案为：Because multitasking makes them feel good. Besides, they are not aware of the negative impact it has on their coursework.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient.(然而，看似微小的分心会导致人们不断需要转换注意力和整理信息，过度使用会伤害大脑，使这一过程效率低下)”和倒数第三段的“However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.(然而，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的)”可知，虽然过度使用会伤害大脑以及让学习过程效率低下，但多任务处理的影响并非全是负面的。因此错误的部分是has no positive effects on students.。根据本文，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的。故答案为：Multitasking, which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students. According to this passage, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。When doing homework, I will not choose multitasking. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate on what I am doing, which prevents me from efficiently completing my homework within the time limit.
第二节 作文(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中华优秀传统文化感兴趣，并请你给他推荐一本中国名著。请你用英文给Jim回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.该名著的基本信息（书名、作者）；
2.该名著的主要内容；
3.推荐该名著的理由。
注意：
1.词数100词左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
Acknowledged as one of the masterpieces, the novel follows the rise and fall of noble families during the 18th century. It features fascinating plots and its vivid account of typical characters. Additionally, you will have a glimpse of custom, attire and cuisine at that time. I am sure you will find the novel interesting as it goes beyond mere plot, but also captures the subtle emotions and feelings of its characters.
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact me.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封邮件向他推荐一本中国名著。
【详解】1.词汇积累
喜欢：be keen on→ enjoy/be fond of
迷人的：fascinating → charming/attractive
高贵的：noble→magnificent
此外：additionally → what’s more
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
拓展句：Since I have learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature , I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact me.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)
2023北京房山高二(下)期中
英语
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ___1___ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.
For Robbie, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ___2___ his stolen bike. But when he went shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the lack of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed ___3___ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Robbie came up with a plan and posted it on the community website. He ___4___ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair — again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the ___5___ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Robbie received thirty used bicycles. Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Robbie had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ___6___ to their owners.
Robbie tries to give his donations to families that are truly ___7___. Upon simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to practical skills, Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ___8___ , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
“It’s a really great experience for kids,” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Robbie is certainly providing a ___9___ , but it’s not just the bikes. It’s the relationships in the community. It’s the ____10____ that he can make on people.”
1. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
2. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
3. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
4. A. offered B. refused C. hesitated D. remembered
5. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
6. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
7. A. demanding B. struggling C. fighting D. requesting
8. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
9. A. service B. competition C. ceremony D. suggestion
10. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自行车被盗后萌生了帮人修自行车的想法，他不仅修车，还把修好的二手车捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买车的人。他还给邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪就发生了转变。A. emotions情绪；B. career职业；C. opinions想法；D. route路线。根据下文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.”可知，他原本是愤怒和沮丧的，但后来变成了同情，这是他情绪的变化。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷骑自行车的Robbie来说，要做的第一件事就是替换他被盗的自行车。A. ride骑；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace替换。根据下文“But when he went bike shopping,”可知，自行车丢了，他想换新车。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当他去买自行车时，他发现几乎没有车，这让他思考：如果缺乏自行车与新冠肺炎相关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation交通工具；D. permission许可。由本句“the person who’d taken his bike really needed 3 to get to work?”可推知，他猜想偷车人需要自行车作为上班的交通工具。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为任何需要的人免费修理自行车。A. offered主动提出；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. remembered记得。根据上文“Robbie came up with a plan and posted it on the community website”可知，他将自己的想法和计划发布到网站上，说明是他主动提出为别人免费修理自行车。选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据句中“donate them to folks who could truly use them”可知，这些修好的旧车是用于捐赠的，所以是捐给需要但没有预算买车的人。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Robbie已经修复了超过140辆自行车用于捐赠或归还给它们的主人。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned归还。根据句中“to their owners”可知，部分修好的车也会归还给它们的主人。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Robbie试图把他的自行车捐给那些真正在艰苦奋斗的家庭。A. demanding强烈要求；B. struggling奋斗，挣扎；C. fighting打架；D. requesting请求。根据上文“And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the 5 to buy one.”可知，自行车是捐给真正需要但没有预算买的人，即在在艰苦奋斗的贫穷家庭。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，孩子们获得了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Meanwhile与此同时。上文“Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.”说他的行为带来诸多益处，句中“the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment”承接上文，说Robbie还给孩子们带来成就感，上下文是并列关系，用连接副词meanwhile。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辩词。句意：Robbie当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. service服务；B. competition比赛；C. ceremony仪式；D. suggestion建议。根据前文可知，Robbie免费修自行车，教授孩子们如何修车，这都是由他所提供的服务。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辩词。句意：而是他对人们的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact巨大影响；D. progress进步。根据上文“Upon simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to practical skills, Robbie’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.”可知，Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I lasted two days. The detox was ___11___(difficult) to tolerate than I had expected. I felt like I had lost an arm! Not eating for two days would have been easier! But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with ___12___( check) my phone. Now I ___13___(try) to spend less time online and more time picking up my hobbies.
【答案】11. more difficult
12. checking
13. am trying
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了我戒手机的情况。
【11题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：脱瘾比我想象更难忍受。形容词difficult在句中作表语，结合句意和句中“than I had expected”可知，应使用其比较级形式more difficult，表示“更难的”。故填more difficult。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但仔细一想，我知道我有多少时间花在了查看手机上。介词with后用动名词作宾语。故填checking。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：现在我试着少花点时间上网，多花点时间培养我的爱好。提示词是句子谓语动词，结合时态状语Now可知，讲述现阶段正在做的事情，用现在进行时态，又因主语是I，系动词应用am。故填am trying。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
What is culture shock? When he first visited the US, Mr Li was confused on a bus. He offered his seat to an elderly man, but the man seemed ___14___(annoy) and refused to take the seat. Later Mr. Li’s American friends explained to him that in the US it is not advisable, and even offensive, to offer your seat to elderly people. This is very different from China, where people ___15___(encourage) to do so. From the example we can see that culture shock is the feeling of confusion and anxiety when you encounter ___16___(situation) where the cultural norms (标准) in your culture no longer apply.
【答案】14. annoyed
15. are encouraged
16. situations
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是文化冲击。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他给一位老人让座，但那位老人似乎很生气，拒绝让座。seem是系动词，提示词作表语，表明主语the man的心理状态，用-ed结尾形容词annoyed，意为“恼怒的，烦恼的”。故填annoyed。
【15题详解】
考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这与中国非常不同，在中国，人们被鼓励去做这样的事情。encourage(鼓励)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语people之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，描述习惯性行为，应使用一般现在时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are encouraged。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：从这个例子中我们可以看到，文化冲击是当你遇到你的文化规范不再适用的情况时，你感到困惑和焦虑。可数名词situation在句中作宾语，意为“情况”，结合语境，这种情况不止一个，应用复数名词situations，表泛指。故填situations。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Qinming Festival, originating from the Hanshi Day, is an opportunity for people ___17___(remember) and honor their ancestors at tombs. And it became a festival in 732. Then observance (纪念) of Qingming found a firm place ___18___Chinese culture and continued for over 2500 years. The Qingming Festival is a time ___19___ the sun shines brightly, trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people ___20___ (follow) the custom of Spring Outings.
【答案】17. to remember
18. in 19. when
20. have followed
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清明节。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节，起源于寒食节，是人们在墓前纪念祖先的一个机会。抽象名词opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语；an opportunity (for sb.) to do sth.“(某人)做某事的机会”。故填to remember。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后，清明节在中国文化中占据了稳固的地位，并持续了2500年。表示“在中国文化中”用介词in；find a firm place in...“在……中找到稳固的地位”。故填in。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：清明节是一个阳光明媚，树木和草地变绿，大自然又活跃起来的日子。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在那时”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
【20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，人们就有春游的习俗。follow (沿袭，遵循)是句中谓语动词，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知，动作从过去一直持续到现在，应使用现在完成时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时复数形式。故填have followed。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Being stranded (困住) in the wilderness is a terrifying prospect for anyone, so for those who want to be prepared, then survival training courses could be a great idea. You can learn how to survive in some of the most extreme and unstable conditions. Here are some of the best survival training courses you can find across the USA.
●Bear Grylls Survival — Available in many different countries is this well-known TV personality’s course on survival. This involves a five-day adventure, with two days of intense survival training from Bear. You will then be dropped onto an island for 30 hours to put the skills you just learned to the test.
●BOSS 28-Day Field Survival — Opening back in 1968, this is the most renowned survival school in the world. Participants spend 28 days out in the Utah wilderness with limited supplies and equipment. There are also shorter versions of the course for 7 to 14 day periods as well as courses for kids as well.
●Ancient Pathways — The military uses this survival school for their desert survival training, so you know it’s the real deal. There’s a lot of different classes on offer, from bushcraft to extreme wilderness survival. You can go on these courses from 4 to 14 day periods, and there’s even a knife only survival course too. Then they have a more intensive course available afterwards that takes survival to a whole new level with no food and water.
●Mountain Scout Survival School — For a training course that is quicker (and cheaper as well), the Mountain Scout School offers up one-day training experiences just outside of New York. These are great classes for kids who want to learn more about urban survival. There are also courses on tracking, trapping, fire building and other necessary survival skills that could end up saving your life.
21. What can you do in Ancient Pathways?
A. Take a course to join the army.
B. Experience the wilderness of Utah.
C. Learn how to survive only with a knife.
D. Examine what you’ve learned on an island.
22. What courses are suitable for a 12-year-old boy who has a sense of adventure?
A. Bear Grylls Survival &Ancient Pathways.
B. Bear Grylls Survival &BOSS 28-Day Field Survival.
C. Ancient Pathways &Mountain Scout Survival School.
D. BOSS 28-Day Field Survival &Mountain Scout Survival School.
23. This passage is intended for ___.
A. military enthusiasts B. outdoor enthusiasts
C. survival experts D. education experts
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ancient Pathways部分中“You can go on these courses from 4 to 14 day periods, and there’s even a knife only survival course too.(你可以参加为期4到14天的课程，甚至还有一个只有刀的生存课程)”可知，在Ancient Pathways，你将学会如何在只有一把刀的情况下生存。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据BOSS 28-Day Field Survival部分中“There are also shorter versions of the course for 7 to 14 day periods as well as courses for kids as well.(也有7到14天的短期课程，还有儿童课程)”和Mountain Scout Survival School部分中“These are great classes for kids who want to learn more about urban survival.(对于想要了解更多城市生存知识的孩子来说，这些课程非常棒)”可知，BOSS 28-Day Field Survival和Mountain Scout Survival School两项适合有冒险精神的12岁男孩。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Being stranded (困住) in the wilderness is a terrifying prospect for anyone, so for those who want to be prepared, then survival training courses could be a great idea. You can learn how to survive in some of the most extreme and unstable conditions. Here are some of the best survival training courses you can find across the USA.(被困在野外对任何人来说都是一件可怕的事情，所以对于那些想要做好准备的人来说，生存培训课程可能是一个好主意。你可以学习如何在一些最极端和不稳定的条件下生存。这里有一些你可以在美国各地找到的最好的生存训练课程)”可知，本文介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程，所以这篇文章是写给户外运动爱好者的。故选B项。
B
Dear Year 6 at Snowdon Vale County Secondary School,
Do you remember we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year? Well, here is our suggestion and we hope you will join us to develop it.
The idea came to us in the autumn of 2004 when our head teacher made an announcement of a new student coming from a circus. Immediately there was whispering, “Those are dirty people!”; “They eat raw meat!”; “They wear rags!”. . . The teacher stopped the talking seriously.
The next morning after being introduced to the class, Jake sat in the only spare seat next to me. He was smaller than me and had dirty finger nails. His shirt was clean but had been repaired on many places. As he seemed to have no handkerchief and was sniffing loudly, I passed him one of mine. Immediately the boys behind me began to whisper, “He’ll give you the plague when he returns it!” Jake must have heard the remarks too. He seemed to be having great difficulty with his mathematics task. So I leaned over and explained the problems to him. As he listened, his mouth split into a dazzling smile. His eyes lit up as if a light had been turned on and he returned to the exercises with enthusiasm. He finished them quickly and proudly presented them to the teacher. “Well done, Jake,” she approved. “Now you can go and work on our new database.” Jake beamed and was soon busy sorting out information and adding more of his own.
I thought about how Jake’s life would be. I remembered seeing the campsite and thinking how poor the facilities were: only one tap for water, no particular place to put rubbish and a small dirty washing and toilet area. I wondered that if they were improved, then perhaps people would no longer be rude to him. I decided to help.
This year, we in our school plan to improve the campsite. Hope you will join us.
Best wishes.
Fred Sams
Meadowside County Secondary School
24. Why did the other students have unfriendly remarks on Jake?
A. Because Jake was seen eating raw meat.
B. Because Jake lived on a circus campsite.
C. Because Jake was not good at mathematics.
D. Because Jake was struck by a terrible plague.
25. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?
A Jake’s clothing was exactly what the other students expected.
B. Fred Sams stopped helping Jake when other boys held him back.
C. Jake broke into a smile because he found confidence in mathematics.
D. Jake didn’t reply to the negative remarks because he didn’t hear them.
26. What can best describe Jake according to the passage?
A. Friendly and polite.
B. Impolite and cold.
C. Dull and reserved.
D. Smart and enthusiastic.
27. What is Fred’s purpose in writing this letter?
A. To narrate the story about his friendship with Jake.
B. To call for other students’ help with a school project.
C. To criticise the discrimination against certain students.
D. To draw attention to the poor facilities of the campsite.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者在信介绍了新同学杰克的情况，并号召同学们加入学校的营地改造计划来帮助他。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea came to us in the autumn of 2004 when our head teacher made an announcement of a new student coming from a circus. Immediately there was whispering, ‘Those are dirty people!’; ‘They eat raw meat!’; ‘They wear rags!’ (2004年秋天我们萌生了这个想法，那时我们的班主任宣布一个来自马戏团的新学生的到来。当时教室里立刻响起了窃窃私语：“那些人是肮脏的人！”；“他们吃生肉！”；“他们穿破衣服！”)”可知，其他学生对杰克说不友好的话是因为杰克生活在马戏团。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“He finished them quickly and proudly presented them to the teacher. ‘Well done, Jake,’ she approved. ‘Now you can go and work on our new database.’ Jake beamed and was soon busy sorting out information and adding more of his own.(他很快就做完了，并自豪地把它们交给了老师。“干得好，杰克。”她赞许地说。“现在你可以去处理我们的新数据了。”杰克笑了，很快就忙着整理信息，并补充了更多他自己的信息)”可推知，因为受到老师的鼓励，对数学有了信心，所以杰克喜笑颜开。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“So I leaned over and explained the problems to him. As he listened, his mouth split into a dazzling smile. His eyes lit up as if a light had been turned on and he returned to the exercises with enthusiasm.(于是我俯身向他解释了问题所在。他听着，嘴角绽开灿烂的笑容。他的眼睛亮了起来，好像开了一盏灯，他又热情地继续练习)”可推知，杰克很快明白了我讲的内容，说明他很聪明(smart)；他听懂后马上继续练习，说明充满热情(enthusiastic)。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合书信第一段“Do you remember we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year? Well, here is our suggestion and we hope you will join us to develop it.(你还记得我们同意就今年的学校项目交流我们的想法吗？好吧，这是我们的建议，我们希望你能加入我们来推动它)”和最后一段中“This year, we in our school plan to improve the campsite. Hope you will join us.(今年，我们学校计划改进营地。希望你能加入我们)”可推知，Fred写这封信的目的是号召其它同学加入学校的营地改进计划，并提供帮助。故选B项。
C
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing the way our memories function. His latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on“search”as a readily available shortcut.
Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory (交互记忆) source, a method by which our brains divide information. Transactive memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. You don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it. Now computers and technology are becoming virtual extensions of our memory.
Wegner conducted several experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon, using various forms of memory recall to test reliance on computers. In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.
Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand (机械手).
And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,”Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.”
28. Why does the writer mention “a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday” in Paragraph 2?
A. To show that people who are closely related tend to have shared memories.
B. To demonstrate how people initially developed external sources of memory.
C. To emphasize the effectiveness and accuracy of transactive memory sources.
D. To illustrate the concept of a transactive memory source using a familiar situation.
29. What do people tend to do in the experiment when asked to provide unfamiliar facts?
A. Think of specific information sources.
B. Recall them from their deep memories.
C. Type into computer and remember them.
D. Link the unfamiliar facts to their experiences.
30. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Reliance on computers does not necessarily reduce human memory.
B. Computers have helped people to understand the memory system better.
C. Computer dependence affects our thinking capacities in other distinct fields.
D. Researches should be done to reveal the side effect of computer dependence.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory(交互记忆)source, a method by which our brains divide information. Transactive memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. ( Wegner认为，新的发现表明互联网已经成为交互式记忆源的一部分，这是我们大脑划分信息的一种方法。交互记忆有多种形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子记住亲戚的生日)”推知，提到丈夫依靠妻子记住一个亲戚生日的例子，是用一个熟悉的情况来说明交互记忆源的概念。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.( 在一项实验中，参与者在被问及一系列复杂的琐事问题后，他们更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等计算机术语。在另一项实验中，参与者在电脑中输入一些语句，并被告知这些语句将被保存在特定的文件夹中。接下来，他们被要求回忆这些陈述。最后，研究人员给他们提示，并要求他们说出存放这些语句的文件夹名称。事实证明，参与者能够更好地回忆文件夹位置，而不是语句本身)”可知，从实验中我们知道，当被要求提供他们不熟悉的事实时，人们倾向于想到特定的信息源。故选A。
30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” (现在没有人知道这些工具对逻辑思维的影响)”以及“But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand (机械手).(但他认为，将对电脑的依赖与对机械手的依赖进行比较，总体而言情况是有益的)”和最后一段中“And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,”Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.”(尽管我们可能没有用记忆来回忆不同的事实，但我们仍然在用它们来考虑事实的位置以及如何获取它们。“我们仍然需要记住一些事情，”韦格纳解释道。“我们只是记住了一系列不同的事情。”)”可推知，对计算机的依赖并不一定会减少人类的记忆。故选A。
D
There is a photo in my collection that I pull out from time to time to remind myself of an old vacation. It’s a picture of me from the late 1970s on a bench in London’s Victoria Station, my head resting against a wall, eyes closed with tiredness, clothes messed up.
I used to love that shot. It was evidence of my leisure time, of travel, of interruption from the office: miles covered, sights seen, train stations raced through, goals achieved.
However, as I leave work to hit the vacation trail this summer, I take along something extra. This traveling companion has a habit of ruining trips with feelings of guilt—the guilt that comes from attempting to vacation while thinking of the job.
The conflict between the time we want off and the guilt we feel when we actually give in to leisure is a long-running battle that has gone too far, driven by an over-scheduling craze. It has made many feel as if their free moments are a form of truancy (玩忽职守).
It’s hard to take it easy when you’ve been programmed not to. We have been taught for generations that work is the only goal.
Time that is unfilled is evil, we are led to believe, and unplanned enjoyment should be avoided. This is reinforced today by a workplace culture that wants you to believe that advancement depends on your staying on the job.
Research now shows, however, that leisure time can do something job advancement and money can’t. Leisure activities increase your desire to work leadership skills, your sense of awareness and your ability to change. Free time also promotes a positive mood and sense of well-being, because it develops self-worth. Deep down, everyone knows we need time off to make our lives better.
On holiday, using your productive output as a measure of yourself doesn’t work. This is because a vacation isn’t about output; it’s about input — exploring, learning, reflecting. The magic of a holiday is in the experience itself. This is the same as life satisfaction; it can’t be measured, only felt.
The best part of a vacation isn’t going somewhere else; it’s being where you are, fully involved in the experience.
31. The author mentions the photo at the beginning because ____.
A. it shows how exhausting leisure travel can be
B. it brings back good memories of a leisurely tour
C it shows the writer once considered leisure travel as a goal in itself
D. it proves interruptions from the office do not spoil the enjoyment of travel
32. What does the underlined phrase “this traveling companion” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Enjoying leisure time.
B. Thinking of one’s goals.
C. Interruptions from the office.
D. The feeling of guilt for not working.
33. What is one of the main benefits of leisure time according to the article?
A. It improves your productivity.
B. It is good for personal development.
C. It leads directly to job advancement.
D. It helps you see your goals in life more clearly.
34. According to the author, what should we do while on vacation?
A. Avoid much unplanned enjoyment.
B. Ignore job advancement and money.
C. Judge the vacation by productive output.
D. Enjoy the experience of being on vacation.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于休闲旅行的看法，指出休闲时间对个人发展有好处，度假主要是关于输入——探索、学习、反思，度假的魅力就在于体验本身。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It was evidence of my leisure time, of travel, of interruption from the office: miles covered, sights seen, train stations raced through, goals achieved.(这是我闲暇时间、旅行时间和被办公室打断的证据：走了几英里路，看过风景，匆匆走过火车站，实现了目标)”结合下文讲述现在人们旅行的状态推知，作者在第一段提到那张照片，是因为这让他想起了休闲旅行。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“This traveling companion has a habit of ruining trips with feelings of guilt—the guilt that comes from attempting to vacation while thinking of the job.(这位旅伴有一个习惯，就是带着内疚感破坏旅行——这种内疚感来自于在考虑工作的同时试图度假)”和第四段的“The conflict between the time we want off and the guilt we feel when we actually give in to leisure is a long-running battle that has gone too far, driven by an over-scheduling craze. It has made many feel as if their free moments are a form of truancy (玩忽职守).(我们想要休息的时间和我们实际上屈服于休闲时的内疚感之间的冲突是一场旷日持久的战斗，在过度安排日程的狂热推动下，这场战斗已经走得太远了。这让许多人觉得他们的空闲时间似乎是玩忽职守)”可知，“This traveling companion”指的是“去旅行而不工作的内疚感”。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Leisure activities increase your desire to work leadership skills, your sense of awareness and your ability to change.Free time also promotes a positive mood and sense of well-being, because it develops self-worth.(休闲活动会增加你工作的欲望；你的领导技能，你的意识和你的改变能力。空闲时间也能促进积极的情绪和幸福感，因为它能发展自我价值)”可知，休闲时间对个人发展有好处。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The magic of a holiday is in the experience itself. (度假的魅力就在于体验本身)”以及最后一段“The best part of a vacation isn’t going somewhere else; it’s being where you are, fully involved in the experience.(度假最好的部分不是去别的地方；而是置身其中，全身心地投入到体验中)”可知，作者建议人们度假时享受旅行的体验。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do a Proper Social Media Detox
Despite the involvement of dopamine (多巴胺), social media addiction is a psychological addiction. You need to stop rewarding your current dopamine triggers so that your brain can return to normal.___35___ Plus, you’re more likely to continuously go back into addiction with little hits. Here are the simple steps to a true social media detox:
●Deactivate your accounts.___36___ And it will also signal to your friends that you’ re on a detox. It is easy to find out how to deactivate Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
●Uninstall all social media apps. This will eliminate all of those notifications and alerts that play such a crucial role in social media addiction. And you won’t be as likely to pop one of those apps open in moments of boredom or stillness.
●Block all social media sites. This is for your computers, laptops, and tablets. Use one of these web filtering tools to restrict access to social media sites.___37___ I also have OpenDNS on my router, which blocks sites for all devices connected to it.
●___38___ It’s not enough to remove social media from your day. You need to fill that empty space with something else. Otherwise, you’re just going to claw your way back. I recommend learning new skills, whether creative hobbies, geeky DIY hobbies, or even hobby programming.
●Stick with the detox long enough. While studies are still limited on this, most experts agree that it takes approximately three months (or 100 days) for dopamine levels to return to normal. It may take longer depending on how long and how intensely you’ ve been addicted.___39___
One last word of advice: Don’t panic. A detox doesn’t have to be permanent — it just has to be long enough to rewire your brain and break you out of the endless dopamine cycle. You can always come back later.
A. Take a moment and search your heart.
B. My preferred tool is K9 Web Protection.
C. Replace social media with another activity.
D. This will serve as a fence against your sudden wish to check in.
E. You can’t do a detox if you’re feeding your appetite here and there.
F. So don’t be surprised if it takes upwards of six months or even a year.
G. Like most addictions, it takes hold of you long before you realize it even exists.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了戒掉社交媒体的方法。
【35题详解】
上文“You need to stop rewarding your current dopamine triggers so that your brain can return to normal.(你需要停止奖励你当前的多巴胺触发点，这样你的大脑才能恢复正常)”提出要停止满足多巴胺触发点，E项“You can’t do a detox if you’re feeding your appetite here and there. (如果你处处满足自己的欲望，你就无法实现脱瘾)”解释了原因：如果我们不断去满足自己对多巴胺的的欲望，我们就无法戒掉社交媒体，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【36题详解】
小标题“Deactivate your accounts.(停用你的帐户)”建议停用社交媒体帐号，D项“This will serve as a fence against your sudden wish to check in.(这可以防止你突然想要登录)”解释了需要停用帐号的原因：没有帐号就可以避免再次登录，上下文构成因果关系。故选D项。
【37题详解】
下文“I also have OpenDNS on my router, which blocks sites for all devices connected to it.(我的路由器上也安装了OpenDNS，它可以屏蔽所有连接到它的设备的网站)”列举了作者使用的一种网络过滤工具，根据句中“also have”可推知，设空句中会提到另一种网络过滤工具。B项“My preferred tool is K9 Web Protection.(我最喜欢的工具是K9 Web Protection)”提到作者最喜欢的过滤工具K9 Web Protection，与下文构成并列关系，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
【38题详解】
设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“It’s not enough to remove social media from your day. You need to fill that empty space with something else. Otherwise, you’re just going to claw your way back. I recommend learning new skills, whether creative hobbies, geeky DIY hobbies, or even hobby programming.(把社交媒体从你的生活中移除是不够的。你需要用别的东西来填补空白。否则，你很容易会网瘾复发。我建议学习新的技能，无论是创造性的爱好，极客DIY的爱好，甚至是编程的爱好)”可知，本段主要讲用其它活动来代替社交媒体。C项“Replace social media with another activity.(用其他活动代替社交媒体)”是最佳标题。故选C项。
【39题详解】
上文“While studies are still limited on this, most experts agree that it takes approximately three months (or 100 days) for dopamine levels to return to normal. It may take longer depending on how long and how intensely you’ ve been addicted.(虽然在这方面的研究仍然有限，但大多数专家认为，多巴胺水平需要大约三个月(或100天)才能恢复正常。也可能需要更长的时间，这取决于你上瘾的时间和程度)”指出社交媒体脱瘾需要的时间与上瘾时间和上瘾程度有关，因人而异。F项“So don’t be surprised if it takes upwards of six months or even a year.(所以，如果需要六个月甚至一年的时间，不要感到惊讶)”承接上文，提示如果你需要更长的时间来脱瘾不要感到惊讶，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，满分32分)
第一节: (共4小题;第40、41题各2分,:第42题3分,:第43题5分,:共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Computers, smartphones, and audio players are an essential part of students’ everyday lives. That means that whenever students are doing homework, they are going to be faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning. Instead of concentrating on one task, they are performing multiple tasks.
According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized (未经许可的) activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases.
But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. As the research indicates, the entertainment gained from secondary activities during studies makes learners feel better emotionally.
Watching TV or talking to your friends by email is pleasant and helps students fight boredom while doing homework or listening to a lecture they find boring. Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. Teenagers often overrate their abilities. The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient.
However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative. The research conducted by HKU indicates that people who routinely multitask are able to use their senses in conjunction (结合) more easily. Other research also shows that multitasking has a positive effect on the ability to pass judgment and solve problems quickly and efficiently.
40. What does the research by Larry Rosen tell us?
_________________________________________________________________________
41. According to the text, why do teenagers multitask?
_________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Multitasking which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students.
_________________________________________________________________________
43. Will you choose to multitask when doing homework? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies, with few knowing that this is at the expense of their own studies.
41. Because multitasking makes them feel good. Besides, they are not aware of the negative impact it has on their coursework.
42. Multitasking, which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students. According to this passage, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.
43. When doing homework, I will not choose multitasking. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate on what I am doing, which prevents me from efficiently completing my homework within the time limit.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized (未经许可的) activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases.(根据拉里·罗森发表在《计算机与人文科学》杂志上的研究，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。学生们经常被手机分散注意力，或者使用笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动。通常，学生们认为他们能够在不牺牲学业的情况下有效地处理多项任务。然而，研究表明，只有5%例子是这样的)”可知， Larry Rosen的研究告诉我们，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的任务上，却几乎不知道这是以牺牲自己的学业为代价。故答案为：Students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies, with few knowing that this is at the expense of their own studies.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第三段的“But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. (但为什么青少年要同时处理多项任务呢？答案很简单：多任务处理让我们感觉良好)”和第四段的“ Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. (学生多任务处理的另一个原因是，他们根本看不到这对他们的课程有负面影响)”可知，青少年选择多任务是因为多任务处理让他们感觉良好，并且他们意识不到这对他们的课程有负面影响。故答案为：Because multitasking makes them feel good. Besides, they are not aware of the negative impact it has on their coursework.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient.(然而，看似微小的分心会导致人们不断需要转换注意力和整理信息，过度使用会伤害大脑，使这一过程效率低下)”和倒数第三段的“However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.(然而，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的)”可知，虽然过度使用会伤害大脑以及让学习过程效率低下，但多任务处理的影响并非全是负面的。因此错误的部分是has no positive effects on students.。根据本文，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的。故答案为：Multitasking, which injures the brain by overuse and makes the learning process inefficient, has no positive effects on students. According to this passage, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。When doing homework, I will not choose multitasking. Because multitasking will make it difficult for me to concentrate on what I am doing, which prevents me from efficiently completing my homework within the time limit.
第二节 作文(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中华优秀传统文化感兴趣，并请你给他推荐一本中国名著。请你用英文给Jim回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.该名著的基本信息（书名、作者）；
2.该名著的主要内容；
3.推荐该名著的理由。
注意：
1.词数100词左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
Acknowledged as one of the masterpieces, the novel follows the rise and fall of noble families during the 18th century. It features fascinating plots and its vivid account of typical characters. Additionally, you will have a glimpse of custom, attire and cuisine at that time. I am sure you will find the novel interesting as it goes beyond mere plot, but also captures the subtle emotions and feelings of its characters.
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact me.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封邮件向他推荐一本中国名著。
【详解】1.词汇积累
喜欢：be keen on→ enjoy/be fond of
迷人的：fascinating → charming/attractive
高贵的：noble→magnificent
此外：additionally → what’s more
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
拓展句：Since I have learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature, I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Having learned that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture and literature , I strongly recommend to you Dream of the Red Chamber written by Cao Xueqin.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact me.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)
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