北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共21页。

海淀区高二年级练习
英语
第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)
第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)
听下面4段材料。每段材料后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段材料后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段材料你将听一遍。
1. Who will go to Thailand for the first time?
A.The woman. B. The woman’s parents. C. The man.
2. When will the woman have the meeting?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
3. What gift does the woman give the man?
A. A tie. B. A shirt. C. A suit.
4. Which club will the two speakers most probably go to?
A. The art history club. B. The cooking club. C. The fashion design club.
第二节(共8小题;每小题1分，共8分)
听下面4段材料。每段材料后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段材料前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。
5. What does the woman invite the man to do this weekend?
A. Go fishing. B. Climb mountains. C. Visit the community center.
6. When will the woman pick up the man?
A. At five. B. At six. C. At seven.
听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。
7. How often does the man check his phone?
A. Every day. B. Every one or two hours. C. Every five minutes.
8. How does the woman get information?
A. Over her phone. B. On a personal computer. C. By talking to a young generation.
听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。
9. What does the woman think of senior high students?
A. Quiet. B. Imaginative. C. Interesting.
10. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. On a talk show. B. In a lecture. C. At a meeting.
听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。
11. Which of the following does the speaker suggest during Minor Cold?
A. Slow jogging. B. Bicycling fast. C. Running the stairs.
12. What’s the speaker’s main purpose in giving the talk?
A. To recommend ways to keep warm.
B. To make an introduction of Minor Cold.
C. To explain how Chinese New Year is celebrated.
第三节(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)
听第9段材料，完成第13至16小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听材料前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段材料你将听两遍。
Ways to Be a Successful Online Learner
Build a practical study plan
■Write a detailed to-do list every day
■Set time 13
Create a good learning environment
■Make the space 14 from your bed or sofa
■Make sure you have a strong internet connection
Take 15 study breaks
■Go outside for a walk with friends
■ 16 looking at a screen
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
In the tenth grade, my peers gave me a nickname that stuck until graduation: “Dictionary.” It all started the day my teacher announced a national spelling bee competition.
Determined to win I opened my dictionary to learn how to spell every word in English. In a desperate ____1____ to memorize the most words possible, I began reading day and night.
During the competition, I misspelled one word. The pain over this defeat was so great that — to this day — I ____2____ the word: “graffiti.” However, not succeeding in something I invested so much effort in only ____3____ my determination to study harder.
Later, my school was participating in a French dictation competition hosted by a nonprofit organization that gives kids in poverty ____4____ to an education.
French isn’t my first language, so I ____5____ the books even harder. I spent all my free time studying. In the competition, I scored the highest in my school! I felt so proud. That joy was ____6____ because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write.
In the final, I took the fifth place. Although it wasn’t what I had dreamed of, it was quite ____7____!
Besides the award, I acquired the ____8____ that I’d use for the rest of my life, such as persistence and critical thinking. And I found that whether we are generating ____9____ for ourselves or for others, we never know what can be the catalyst (催化剂) of a brilliant future. Sometimes, that catalyst can be as ______10______ as a book.
1. A. search B. sadness C. cry D. attempt
2. A. repeat B. learn C. prefer D. remember
3. A. showed B. strengthened C. shook D. tested
4. A. access B. freedom C. attention D. devotion
5. A. took B. pulled C. hit D. pressed
6. A. doubled B. spread C. transformed D. obtained
7. A. obvious B. average C. close D. familiar
8. A. rules B. abilities C. methods D. ideas
9. A. interest B. reaction C. change D. power
10. A. simple B. huge C. famous D. useful
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在自己参加的单词拼写比赛中的经历，给自己和他人带来了改变，使作者获得了以后生活中所需的能力。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了尽可能多地记住单词，我不顾一切地开始夜以继日地阅读。A. search搜查；B. sadness伤心；C. cry哭喊；D. attempt尝试。根据上文中的“Determined to win, I opened my dictionary to learn how to spell every word in English.”可知，作者要参加比赛而且下定决心要赢，肯定会拼命地尝试记住所有的单词。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次失败的痛苦是如此之大，以至于直到今天，我还记得那个词：“涂鸦”。A. repeat重复；B. learn学习；C. prefer偏爱；D. remember记住。根据上文中的“During the competition, I misspelled one word. The pain over this defeat was so great that—to this day”可知，作者这次失败的经历，让作者对拼错的单词印象深刻，难以忘记。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我投入了如此多的努力却没有成功，这更坚定了我更加努力学习的决心。A. showed展示；B. strengthened加强；C. shook摇晃；D. tested测试。根据上文中的“However, not succeeding in something I invested so much effort in only…”可知，此处与上文作者的失败为转折关系，由此可推断，这次失败的痛反而加强了作者认真读书的决心。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的学校参加了一个由非营利组织主办的法语听写比赛，该组织为贫困儿童提供了受教育的机会。A. access获得的机会；B. freedom自由；C. attention注意；D. devotion投入。根据上文中的“…hosted by a nonprofit organization that gives kids in poverty…”可知，非营利性组织是为了帮助贫困的孩子有上学机会的，access to sth. 意为“……的机会”。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：法语不是我的第一语言，所以我更加用功读书。A. took带走；B. pulled拉，拽；C. hit重击；D. pressed按压。固定短语hit the books 意为“用功读书”。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种喜悦加倍了，因为我知道我的胜利也帮助孩子们学会了阅读和写作。A. doubled加倍；B. spread传播；C. transformed转换；D. obtained获得。根据上文中的“In the competition, I scored the highest in my school!”和下文中的“because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write.”可知，作者的快乐翻倍了。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这不是我梦寐以求的，但已经很接近了！A. obvious明显的；B. average一般的；C. close接近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文中的“Although it wasn’t what I had dreamed of,”可知，前半句与后半句为转折关系，尽管不是梦想的结果，但是很接近了自己的梦想。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了这个奖项，我还获得了我余生都会用到的能力，比如毅力和批判性思维。A. rules规矩；B. abilities能力；C. methods方法；D. ideas思想。根据下文中的“that I’d use for the rest of my life, such as persistence and critical thinking.”可知，此处指的是作者以后生活中所用的能力。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，无论我们是在为自己还是为他人创造改变，我们永远不知道什么能成为辉煌未来的催化剂。A. interest兴趣；B. reaction回应；C. change改变；D. power力量。根据下文中的“we never know what can be the catalyst(催化剂)of a brilliant future.”可知，催化剂是让事物发生改变的，此处暗指的是让人发生改变的事情。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，这种催化剂就像一本书一样简单。A. simple简单的；B. huge巨大的；C. famous著名的；D. useful有用的。根据下文中的“as…as a book.”可知，读书是一件简单的事情。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Amy’s school needed to collect money for more computers. Since many of her classmates’ families were from different ____11____ (country), Amy suggested holding a unique dinner night where every student could bring in his home dish. She knew parents and students ____12____ (be) glad to pay money to try different foods! For this dinner, Amy brought in chicken with potatoes while her Chinese friend Li Hua brought in fried eggs with tomatoes. It was ____13____ great success.
【答案】11. countries
12. would be##were
13. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述是Amy在家中成功的举办了一次独特的晚宴，每个来自不同国家的学生带了一份家乡菜。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于她的许多同学的家庭来自不同的国家，艾米建议举办一个独特的晚餐之夜，每个学生都可以带上他的家菜。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词做介词的宾语，different修饰名词时，名词需用复数。故填countries。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：她知道家长和学生会很乐意花钱尝试不同的食物！分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句中的谓语动词，主句使用的是一般过去时态，从句时态与主句时态要一致，所以使用一般过去时态，主语是复数，所以填were描述事情发生的状态；结合句意可知，从句中的动作可以表示将来的动作，所以从句中的谓语可以使用过去将来时态。故填would be/were。
【13题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这是一次巨大的成功。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填冠词，结合句意，此处是抽象名词具体化的用法，意为“一次巨大的成功”，故填不定冠词，great发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much,” said Francis Bacon. Now it seems obvious ____14____ we acquire knowledge and understanding. However, in the 17th century, many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they ____15____ (believe). But our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. So Galileo Galilei said, “All truths are easy to understand once they ____16____ (discover); the point is to discover them.”
【答案】14. how
15. believed##had believed
16. are discovered
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是我们该如何获得和理解知识。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解似乎很明显。分析句子结构可知，此处为从属连词引导的主语从句，it为形式主语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，缺少方式状语。故填how。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，在17世纪，许多人倾向于忽视事实，不愿意挑战他们的信仰。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语动词形式，what引导的是宾语从句，从句时态与主句时态要一致，主语与believe的关系为主动关系，所以可以使用一般过去时态的主动形式；然而结合句意可知，从句中的谓语believe发生在主句的谓语部分were unwilling to challenge之前，所以也可以使用过去完成时态。故填believed/had believed。
【16题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：所以伽利略·伽利莱说：“所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词形式，主语是复数，与discover之间为被动关系，又因为引文中的时态是一般现在时态，故填are discovered。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Perfectionism, as a classic response to life, is riskier than it once was. A growing emphasis ____17____ employees’ well-being is one reason why perfectionism is out of favour. Perfectionists may also hurt team spirit, because they are regarded as being less ____18____ (social) skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists. However, some jobs actively require perfectionism. Fortunately, discouraging perfectionism does not mean ____19____ (lower) high standards. Perfectionists are deeply annoying but they are nowhere near as bad as people ____20____ don’t have any standards.
【答案】17. on##upon
18. socially
19. lowering
20. who##that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简要介绍了完美主义和完美主义者的特点，并指出不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：越来越重视员工的福祉是完美主义不受欢迎的原因之一。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与emphasis构成固定搭配，an emphasis on/upon sth.意为“对……强调”。故填on/upon。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：完美主义者也可能伤害团队精神，因为他们被认为比非完美主义者更不善于社交，更不讨人喜欢。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰skilled，social的副词为socially。故填socially。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运是，不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填非谓语动词形式，mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，结合句意可知，“意味着作某事”符合句意。故填lowering。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：完美主义者非常烦人，但他们远没有那些没有任何标准的人那么糟糕。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导定语从句修饰先行词people，从句中缺少主语，先行词指的是人，所以使用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
第三部分：阅读理解(共30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The bald eagle was once a dying species in the United States. This is because the bird wasn’t always held with respect. At the National Book Festival, author Jack E. Davis detailed the bald eagle’s “great conservation success story”.
The bald eagle has faced extinction twice. The first occurred in the late 19th century. “It was then that a bald eagle seen was one to be shot,” he said. He explained that the bird had been regarded as a dangerous animal, and considered a threat. But such threat tended to be overstated. Throughout the early 20th century, thousands of bald eagles were shot down. Things began to change for the bird in 1940, when the government passed its legal protection — the Bald Eagle Protection Act.
However, only five years later, the bird faced its second near extinction when DDT, an environmentally harmful insecticide (杀虫剂), was introduced at the end of World War Ⅱ. In 1963, the bald eagle hit its lowest number — totaling less than 500 nesting pairs across the U.S. “At that time, only about one-third of the nation’s water was safe for swimming and fishing,” Davis said. “That was eagle habitat, but also our habitat.” “We stepped up.” He mentioned that this situation led a nonprofit organization, Fish and Wildlife, to launch “hugely successful” eagle protection projects.
By 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the list as the species regained its health, reaching nearly 11,000 nesting pairs nationwide, and today’s number is somewhere around 500,000.
For those looking to assist in the ongoing comeback of the bald eagle and other endangered animals, Davis said, almost every state has a center that accepts donations and welcomes visitors and volunteers.

21. What made the bald eagle almost extinct for the first time?
A. The illegal hunting. B. The loose control of guns.
C. The attack from other animals. D. The misunderstanding of their threat.
22. What caused Fish and Wildlife to start eagle protection projects?
A. The outbreak of World War II. B. The overuse of DDT nationwide.
C. The disappearance of eagle habitat. D. The worsening of eagles’ living condition.
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To tell a story of a dying species.
B. To advertise the book of Jack E. Davis.
C. To raise the awareness of protecting wildlife.
D. To introduce the ways of protecting bald eagles.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秃鹰面临的两次灭绝，在政府和一些野生动物保护组织的努力下，秃鹰从美国濒临灭绝物种名单中消除。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The bald eagle has faced extinction twice. The first occurred in the late 19th century. ‘It was then that a bald eagle seen was one to be shot,’ he said. He explained that the bird had been regarded as a dangerous animal, and considered a threat.(秃鹰曾两次面临灭绝。第一次发生在19世纪后期。“那时，秃鹰一被发生就会遭到射杀，”他说。他解释说，秃鹰被视为一种危险的动物，被认为是一种威胁。)”可知，19世纪末期，秃鹰被猎杀是因为人们认为秃鹰是一种威胁，这让秃鹰几乎灭绝。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘At that time, only about one-third of the nation’s water was safe for swimming and fishing,’ Davis said. ‘That was eagle habitat, but also our habitat.’ ‘We stepped up.’ He mentioned that this situation led a nonprofit organization, Fish and Wildlife, to launch ‘hugely successful’ eagle protection projects.(“当时，全国只有大约三分之一的水域可以安全游泳和钓鱼，”戴维斯说。“那是鹰的栖息地，也是我们的栖息地。”“我们站了出来。” 他提到，这种情况让非营利组织Fish and Wildlife启动了“hugely successful”鹰保护项目。)”可知，老鹰生存条件的恶化促使非营利性组织Fish and Wildlife发起鹰保护项目。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“For those looking to assist in the ongoing comeback of the bald eagle and other endangered animals, Davis said, almost every state has a center that accepts donations and welcomes visitors and volunteers. (戴维斯说，对于那些希望帮助白头鹰和其他濒危动物恢复的人来说，几乎每个州都有一个接受捐款、欢迎游客和志愿者的中心。)”可知，每个州都有接受捐赠并欢迎游客和志愿者的中心，这是对人们发起号召，让大家行动起来保护野生动物，再结合本文介绍的秃鹰两次濒临灭绝的情况综合推断可知，这篇文章是为了提升人们保护野生动物的意识。故选C项。
B
My dad loves his wine. One day while making a sandwich, I noticed the date on one of his wine bottles. I then took it out of the pantry (食品贮藏室) and rushed toward my father.
“Dad, Dad!” I shouted. “This wine is way past its ‘best before’ date.”
“Son, hold on,” he said.
“No, you can’t drink this any more!”
“Wait, let me tell you... ”
“Would you like me to throw it away for you?” I asked.
“Ha, ha, no. Let me explain something,” my father said cheerfully.
“But...” I didn’t want my father getting sick.
“Son. some wines get better over time. The longer you wait to drink it. the better it will be. Although this may seem strange. it is true.”
When I was young, I didn’t have any understanding of what this meant. But now, looking back, this would have been very helpful to remember as I went through my teenager years.
We are all so keen to reach the next step quickly that we will do anything to get there. This has a negative effect on our society. In a job situation, we want promotion so much that we will step on others. When trying to go to the right college, we will do anything to get in. When we rush through our homework, we may not study enough for the test, and end up failing. All these common situations have one thing in common: they could all be solved if we just took our time.
When we don’t fully prepare ourselves for the next level, we become a society of people who aren’t ready, but want the rewards of reaching the next level. This cheats others who have prepared and deserve the job. We need to be ready for whatever comes, ready for the unexpected. Just as wine gets better over time, so will the things in our paths.
24. How did the father react to the out-of-date wine?
A. He insisted on keeping it. B. He drank it up immediately.
C. He checked if it was drinkable. D. He asked his son to throw it away.
25. Which of the following might the father approve of?
A. Graduating from college ahead of time.
B. Getting the best job as quickly as possible.
C. Preparing ourselves for a promotion patiently.
D. Doing schoolwork despite missing the deadline.
26. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Good things come to those who wait. B. Positive thinking results in success.
C. He who laughs last, laughs best. D. Time and tide wait for no man.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过一对父子对已经过了最佳饮用期的葡萄酒的讨论，阐明一个人生道理：我们需要为任何事情做好准备，我们人生道路上的一切才会变得更好。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二三段的对话内容““Dad, Dad!” I shouted. “This wine is way past its ‘best before’ date.” “Son, hold on,” he said.(“爸，爸！”我喊道。“这款酒已经过了‘此日期前最佳’的日期。”“儿子，等等，”他说)”可知，父亲说等等，也就是说不要扔掉，留着这瓶酒。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的首句“We are all so keen to reach the next step quickly that we will do anything to get there. This has a negative effect on our society.(我们都非常渴望迅速迈出下一步，我们将尽一切努力实现这一目标。这对我们的社会产生了负面影响)”以及尾句“All these common situations have one thing in common: they could all be solved if we just took our time.(所有这些常见情况都有一个共同点：只要我们慢慢来，它们都可以解决)”可知，我们总是在没有准备好的情况下就急着进入下一阶段，这对社会是有负面影响的，要解决此问题，需要的是时间，耐心去准备。由此推知，父亲可能会赞成“耐心地为晋升做好准备”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to be ready for whatever comes, ready for the unexpected. Just as wine gets better over time, so will the things in our paths.(我们需要为任何事情做好准备，为意想不到的事情做好准备。正如葡萄酒随着时间的推移而变得更好一样，我们道路上的事物也会变得更好)”可知，本文的观点是我们要为到来的事情以及意想不到的事情准备好，我们道路上的一切才能变得更好。由此推知，“苍天不负有心人”的观点与此一致。故选A项。
C
Alarming reports that the Antarctic ice sheet is becoming smaller misrepresent the facts. The ice sheet holds about 26.5 million gigatons(十亿吨)of water. If it were to melt(融化)completely, sea levels would rise 190 feet. Such a change is an issue for the far future, if it comes at all.
Much more modest ice loss is normal in Antarctica. Each year, some 2,200 gigatons of the ice is discharged(消融), while snowfall adds almost the same amount. The difference between the discharge and addition each year is the annual loss. That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. If it continued at that rate, the sea level would be raised by 3 inches over 100 years.
Many fear that a warming globe could increase discharge and cause more rapid sea-level rise. Two recent studies focus on this issue. Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. But the media goes with this angle: “A ‘doomsday(末日)glacier’, the size of Florida, is breaking faster than thought.”
A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers. Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely catch such nuance, and the media goes with headlines such as “a massive tsunami would drown New York City, killing millions.” A more accurate headline would read: “Ocean currents connecting Antarctic glaciers might quicken their melting.”
These two studies were conducted with clever methods to infer past conditions and advanced computer modeling to show possible situations. These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself.

27. What does the author think of the annual loss of the Antarctic ice sheet?
A. It’s a danger. B. It’s limited.
C. It changes significantly. D. It decreases yearly.
28. What can we learn from the two studies?
A. Both studies constructed new models.
B. The Thwaites Glacier melts faster than expected.
C. The complexity of the ocean speeds up the discharge of glaciers.
D. Neither the reason nor the time of the Thwaites Glacier’s melting is known.
29. The underlined phrase “catch such nuance” probably means .
A. deny the obvious facts B. pay attention to the difference
C. evaluate the details D. are serious about the warning
30. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Antarctic glaciers melting makes sea level rise greatly.
B. Recent studies on the melting ice call for people’s action.
C. Reports of the media on Antarctic glaciers mislead the public.
D. The researches about the glaciers melting raise public awareness.
【答案】27 B 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是一篇骇人听闻的关于南极冰层变小的报道，引起了人们的恐慌，本文主要讲述的是两项针对于这项报道的研究，这两项研究使用明智的做法推断过去的情况和先进的计算机建模来显示可能的情况，来证实媒体报道的不实，歪曲了研究的实情，误导了公众。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. (这一数字一直在增加，从1980年代的每年40亿吨增加到2010年代的每年250千兆吨。但这种增加只是复杂过程中的微小变化。)”可知，研究者认为这种增加只是一个微小的变化，由此可推断，南极洲冰层的每年的损失是有限的的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. (研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。)”可知，只有一项研究采用了建模模式，故A项错误；根据第三段中的“Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. (研究Thwaites冰川（冰川）的研究人员推断，在过去，它以有史以来最快的速度变小了半年。)”可知，该冰川融化的速度变小而不是更快，故B项错误；根据第四段中的“A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers.(第二项研究测试了融化的淡水可以被水流携带以加速附近冰川排放的想法。)”可知，是融化的淡水增加了附近冰川的消融，故C项错误；根据第三段中的“The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. (这一特定事件的原因仍然未知，部分原因是快速融化的时间尚未确定。)”可知，Thwaites Glacier的融化原因和快速融化的时间不明确。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. (研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。如果洋流可以连接遥远冰川的排放，这将增加南极冰盖的复杂性。为了强调他们的想法，研究人员使用了几乎三倍于人类的影响。)”可知，研究者用建模的方式研究洋流可能对冰川融化的影响，所以使用的近乎三倍于人类的影响进行研究。划线短语所在的句子与其前的“Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely…(尽管报纸上陈述了这一事实，但记者很少……)”是转折关系，即使报纸上陈述了这一事实，但是……，结合选项可知，此处表示“他们没有注意到区别”，在结合下文中对新闻标题的更改，可以确定，此短语的意思是“注意差别”。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself. (这些论文以适当的精确和谨慎描述了科学，但令人遗憾的是，媒体歪曲了研究以引起警惕。这剥夺了公众就“气候行动”做出知情决定的权利，也剥夺了对科学本身感到惊讶的机会。)”可知，媒体歪曲了研究而引起警惕，剥夺了公众的知情决定权，由此可以推断，媒体对南极冰川的报道误导了公众。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Benefits of Making Fun of Yourself
Being able to laugh at yourself isn’t always easy. However, making light of your weaknesses and life challenges can have a number of benefits. While it might sound surprising, being able to make fun of yourself can be good for your self-esteem(自尊).____31____
Making fun of yourself is a form of self-critical humor, which can involve being too modest, or even laughing at yourself humorously.____32____ However, research suggests they tend to be more self-confident. When this type of humor is used to maintain a positive attitude in difficult situations, it can help enhance well-being and self-esteem.
____33____ Making fun of yourself may help make you more likable and build stronger relationships with others. Interestingly, research suggests that both men and women think that being able to make fun of yourself is an attractive trait, despite differences in their ways of using humor.
Laughter has been shown to have a number of stress-fighting benefits. ____34____ When you view situations as threats, stress levels increase. Shifting to a mindset that allows you to see these situations as challenges can transform this into what is known as “good stress” that helps you feel more empowered.
Making fun of yourself can have some benefits, but it’s important not to take things too far. If making fun of yourself starts negatively impacting your mental health or well-being, it’s time to take a step back.____35____ If you embrace your weakness and imperfections to a reasonable degree, you will feel happier and improve your relationships and overall well-being.
A. Find a balance that works for you.
B. Laughing at yourself helps accept yourself.
C. People are more drawn to others who can laugh at themselves.
D. Being able to laugh at yourself can relieve stress by changing your view.
E. Making fun of yourself in difficult situations can reduce your stress greatly.
F. People with such a sense of humor are sometimes regarded as having low self-esteem.
G. It might even improve your relationships and help you face challenges more effectively.
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍自嘲的一些好处，他有利于你的自尊，甚至可以改善你的人际关系，帮助你更有效地面对挑战，本文讲述的是如何合理地利用自嘲。
【31题详解】
根据空前的“While it might sound surprising, being able to make fun of yourself can be good for your self-esteem(自尊).(虽然这听起来可能令人惊讶，但能够自嘲对你的自尊有好处。)”可知，该部分讲的是自嘲的好处，所以此空处应选择的是自嘲的好处，G选项“It might even improve your relationships and help you face challenges more effectively.(它甚至可以改善你的人际关系，帮助你更有效地面对挑战。)”中的even以及其内容讲述的是自嘲的好处，符合语境。故选G项。
32题详解】
根据空后“However, research suggests they tend to be more self-confident.(然而，研究表明他们往往更自信。)”中的however可知，此空与下文为转折关系，下文讲述的是自嘲可以使人更加的自信，所以此处空应该是与此内容相反，F选项“People with such a sense of humor are sometimes regarded as having low self-esteem.(有这种幽默感的人有时被认为是自卑的。)”的内容讲述的是自嘲的人被认为是自尊心低的人，符合题意。故选F项。
【33题详解】
空后的“Making fun of yourself may help make you more likable and build stronger relationships with others.(自嘲可能有助于让你更讨人喜欢，并与他人建立更牢固的关系。)”讲述的自嘲的人更讨人喜欢，人们更愿意与其建立牢固的关系，C选项“People are more drawn to others who can laugh at themselves.(人们更容易被那些可以自嘲的人所吸引。)”讲述的是人们更喜欢自嘲的人，与下文内容吻合。故选C项。
【34题详解】
根据空前的段落主题句“Laughter has been shown to have a number of stress-fighting benefits.(哄堂大笑已被证明有许多对抗压力的好处。)”可知，该段讲述的是自嘲有抗压好处，D项“Being able to laugh at yourself can relieve stress by changing your view.(能够嘲笑自己可以通过改变自己的观点来缓解压力。)”讲述的为嘲笑自己能缓解压力，符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
结合空前的“If making fun of yourself starts negatively impacting your mental health or well-being, it’s time to take a step back.(如果取笑自己开始对您的心理健康或福祉产生负面影响，那么是时候退后一步了。)”可知，如果自嘲影响自己健康，说明有些过度了，而下文中的“If you embrace your weakness and imperfections to a reasonable degree, you will feel happier and improve your relationships and overall well-being.(如果你在合理的程度上接受你的弱点和不完美，你会感到更快乐，改善你的人际关系和整体幸福感。)”说的是合理的自嘲会让人感到快乐，由此可推断，此空应是找到一个自嘲的平衡点，既要自嘲，又不能过度，A选项“Find a balance that works for you.(找到一个对你起作用的平衡点。)”起到一个承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选A项。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第52、53小题各2分，第54小题3分，第55小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Computers, smartphones, and audio players are an essential part of students’ everyday lives. That means that whenever students are doing homework, they are going to be faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning. Instead of concentrating on one task, they are performing multiple tasks.
According to the research by Larry Rosen, published in the journal Computers in Human Science, students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted(分神)by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized(未经许可的)activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5%of all cases.
But why do teenagers multitask? The answer is simple: multitasking makes us feel good. As the research indicates, the entertainment gained from secondary activities during studies makes learners feel better emotionally. Watching TV or talking to your friends by email is pleasant and helps students fight boredom while doing homework or listening to a lecture they find boring. Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. Teenagers often overrate their abilities. The seemingly tiny distractions, however, result in a constant need to switch focus and sort out information, injuring the brain by overuse and making the process inefficient.
However, the effects of multitasking are not entirely negative. The research conducted by HKU indicates that people who routinely multitask are able to use their senses in conjunction(结合)more easily. Other research also shows that multitasking has a positive effect on the ability to pass judgment and solve problems quickly and efficiently.
36. What problem do students have when doing homework?
____________________________________________________________
37. How does multitasking influence students’ study?
____________________________________________________________
38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Students choose to multitask even though they are aware that they might get distracted.
____________________________________________________________
39. What measure (s) can you take to avoid your multitasking? Why? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】36. The problem is using their devices for purposes other than learning./
They are faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning./
They use their devices for purposes other than learning.
37. Students often get distracted by using their phones or their laptops for unauthorized activities and even sacrifice their studies while multitasking.
38. Students choose to multitask even though they are aware that they might get distracted.
According to the passage, students choose to multitask because they are unaware that they might get distracted./
Another reason the students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework./
According to the passage, many students are not aware that they might get distracted by multitasking./
According to the passage, they often overrate their abilities, unaware that they might get distracted by multitasking.
39. I would set my academic goal, which helps me find appropriate ways to focus on my study. Additionally, I would keep away from the devices causing multitasking. With them out of reach, I would not be distracted by the unnecessary information. /
I always switch off my phone while doing homework to avoid multitasking. Without access to the phone, I won’t check the updates on social media from time to time. Besides, without the ocean of information from the phone, I can concentrate on my work well.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。
【36题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“That means that whenever students are doing homework, they are going to be faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning.(这意味着无论何时学生做作业，他们都将面临使用他们的设备而不是学习的问题)”可知，学生作家庭作业时面临的问题是将设备用于学习以外的目的。故答案为：The problem is using their devices for purposes other than learning./They are faced with the problem of using their devices for purposes other than learning./They use their devices for purposes other than learning.
【37题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段的“students spend up to 45% of their homework time on various tasks unrelated to their studies. Students often get distracted(分神)by their phones or use their laptops for unauthorized(未经许可的)activities. Often, students think that they are able to multitask effectively, without sacrificing their studies. However, the research shows that it is true in only 5% of all cases.(学生们把多达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学业无关的各种任务上。学生们经常被他们的手机或使用笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动分散注意力。通常，学生们认为他们能够有效地同时处理多项任务，而不会牺牲学业。然而，研究表明，只有5%的情况是正确的)”可知，多任务处理会影响学生，是因为学生经常因使用手机或笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动而分心，甚至在多任务处理时牺牲学业。故答案为：Students often get distracted by using their phones or their laptops for unauthorized activities and even sacrifice their studies while multitasking.
【38题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Another reason why students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework. Teenagers often overrate their abilities. (学生们一心多用的另一个原因是他们根本看不到这对他们的课程作业有负面影响。青少年常常高估自己的能力)”可知，学生选择多任务是因为有时他们没有意识到这会对他们的课业产生负面影响。因此错误的部分是“even though they are aware that they might get distracted.”。根据本文，学生选择多任务是因为他们没有意识到这会对他们的可也产生负面影响。故答案为：Students choose to multitask even though they are aware that they might get distracted. According to the passage, students choose to multitask because they are unaware that they might get distracted./Another reason the students multitask is that they simply do not see the negative impact it has on their coursework./According to the passage, many students are not aware that they might get distracted by multitasking./According to the passage, they often overrate their abilities, unaware that they might get distracted by multitasking.
【39题详解】
开放性题目。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：我会设定我的学术目标，这有助于我找到适当的方法来专注于我的学习。此外，我会远离导致多任务处理的设备。有了他们，我就不会被不必要的信息分心。/我总是在做作业时关掉手机，以避免多任务处理。由于无法使用手机，我不会不时查看社交媒体上的更新。此外，没有电话里的大量信息，我可以很好地集中精力工作。故答案为：I would set my academic goal, which helps me find appropriate ways to focus on my study. Additionally, I would keep away from the devices causing multitasking. With them out of reach, I would not be distracted by the unnecessary information. /I always switch off my phone while doing homework to avoid multitasking. Without access to the phone, I won’t check the updates on social media from time to time. Besides, without the ocean of information from the phone, I can concentrate on my work well.
第二节(20分)
40. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。学校下个月将举办英文短剧大赛。作为班长，你打算邀请外教Mr.Jenson帮助指导你班的英文短剧表演。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 指导的具体内容;
2. 排练安排和其他注意事项。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：
rehearse—to practise or make people practise something such as a play or concert in order to prepare for a public performance
rehearsal—a time when all the people in a play, concert etc. practise before a public performance
Dear Mr. Jenson,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Jenson,
Hope this letter finds you well. With the English Drama Competition coming next month, I am writing to invite you to give us instructions on our play.
Firstly, could you proofread and polish our script? Your insights are highly appreciated as always. Moreover, we will be honored if you could help improve our pronunciation and acting during the rehearsal.
We plan to rehearse twice a week in the dancing studio. Just a little friendly reminder, masks are required in the studio for precaution. Our first meeting will be at 6 p.m. next Monday. Will you be available then?
We would appreciate it if you could come.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Jenson写一封电子邮件，邀请他帮助指导英语短剧表演，内容包括指导的具体内容、排练安排和其他的注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
到来：come →draw near
校对：proofread →check upon
此外：moreover →what’s more
改善：improve →enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We plan to rehearse twice a week in the dancing studio.
拓展句：We plan to rehearse twice a week in the dancing studio, which makes sure everything will go smoothly.
【点睛】【高分句型1】With the English Drama Competition coming next month, I am writing to invite you to give us instructions on our play.（运用了with的复合结构）
【高分句型2】Moreover, we will be honored if you could help improve our pronunciation and acting during the rehearsal.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
听力答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. B
13. limit(s) 14. separate 15. regular 16. Avoid