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北京市十一学校2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市十一学校2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共26页。试卷主要包含了方框选词，根据中文提示完成句子，语法填空，完形填空，阅读理解，信息还原，阅读与表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京十一学校2022-2023学年第2学段
高一学部 英语Ⅰ 教与学质量诊断
一、根据中文和首字母提示填写单词，无需变形，请在答题卡上写全单词。(每小题1分，共10分)
1. To our surprise, her words had a magical e__________(影响) on us.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】effect##ffect
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，她的话对我们有神奇的效果。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词effect“影响”，构成动词短语have an effect on sb“对……产生影响”，满足句意要求。故填effect。
2. His work has been criticized for being imitative and s__________ (肤浅). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】shallow
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评为抄袭且肤浅。根据汉语提示，“肤浅的”为形容词shallow，此处与imitative表并列，位于being后作表语。故填shallow。
3. Everything you do or say is a reflection of your p__________(性格，个性). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】personality##ersonality
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你的一言一行都反映了你的个性。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词personality符合题意，作宾语，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填personality。
4. The advertisements are intended to improve the company’s i__________(形象). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】image##mage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些广告旨在提升公司形象。分析句意，中文含义和首字母可知，此处使用名词image表示“形象”，作宾语，且此处公司的形象指一个，应为单数。故填image。
5. Last year I was chosen to r__________(代表) the company at the conference. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】represent##epresent
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：去年我被选为公司代表参加会议。be chosen to do意为“被选中去做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用to do不定式作主语补足语。根据首字母r可知，表示“代表”应用动词represent。故填represent。
6. We need male subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the e__________(实验). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】experiment##xperiment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要18到25岁的男性受试者来做实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为单数名词experiment“实验”，满足句意要求。故填experiment。
7. There are many optional courses. You can s__________(挑选) the one you like most. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】select##elect
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：有很多选修课。你可以选择你最喜欢的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词select“挑选”，满足句意要求，结合空前can情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填select。
8. Shopping on the Internet has its disadvantages as the real g__________ (商品，货物) cannot be seen. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】goods##oods
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在网上购物有其缺点，因为看不到真正的商品。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示句意“商品”，可知此处需要名词goods在句子中做宾语。故填goods。
9. He likes power very much and doesn’t like anyone to challenge his a__________(权威). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】authority##uthority
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他非常喜欢权力，不喜欢任何人挑战他的权威。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词authority符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填authority。
10. Even if you can’t cook, you’ll find these meals quick and c__________(方便的) to prepare. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】convenient##onvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使你不会做饭，你也会发现这些饭菜准备起来既快捷又方便。根据中文提示和首字母可知，表示“方便的”应用形容词convenient，在本句中作宾补。故填convenient。
二、方框选词(每小题1分，共16分)
Group 1 可能会有派生变化(即词性的变化)
选词填空
access approval amaze describe locate imagine reward vary
11. She was __________that he could be so calm at such a time.
12. I was attracted to the house both by its size and its __________.
13. Prices __________ according to the type of room you require.
14. You need a password to get __________ to the computer system.
15. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and __________.
16. The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond __________.
17. The years he spent in the countryside proved to be a(n) __________ experience.
18. Father Christmas is just a(n) __________ figure and there is no such person in reality.
【答案】11 amazed
12. location
13. vary 14. access
15. approval
16. description
17. rewarding
18. imaginary
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她很惊讶他在这种时候还能这么镇定。根据后文“he could be so calm at such a time.”以及句意“惊讶”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故填amazed。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：我被房子的大小和位置所吸引。根据上文“by its size and its”以及句意“位置”可知应填名词location，作宾语。故填location。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：价格根据您需要的房间类型而有所不同。根据后文“according to the type of room you require”以及句意“不同”可知应填动词vary，结合require可知为一般现在时，主语为prices，谓语用原形。故填vary。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：你需要密码才能进入计算机系统。根据句意“进入”可知，短语为get access to。故填access。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：微笑显然是友好和认可的普遍标志。作宾语，结合句意表示“认可”可知应填名词approval。故填approval。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：那里的风景太迷人了，简直无法形容。结合句意表示“无法形容”可知短语为beyond description。故填description。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他在农村度过的那些年证明是一段有益的经历。作定语，结合句意表示“有益的”可知应填形容词rewarding。故填rewarding。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：圣诞老人只是一个虚构的人物，现实中并没有这样的人。作定语，结合句意表示“虚构的”可知应填形容词imaginary。故填imaginary。
Group 2可能会有语法变化(即名词变复数、动词的时态语态和非谓等变化)
选词填空
admit affair confirm consist happen humiliate maintain surround
19. He said he didn’t want to __________ her in front of her colleagues.
20. My aunt __________ to be out when I paid her a visit last weekend.
21. Few people nowadays are able to __________ friendships into adulthood.
22. China is playing an increasingly important role in international __________.
23. So far, no one __________ breaking the window, which annoys him very much.
24. Usually, an article __________ of 3 parts, an introduction, a body and a conclusion.
25. When I was small, I __________ by love and kindness and I felt really happy.
26. If you have booked a room in advance, please call me to __________ your reservation.
【答案】19. humiliate
20. happened
21. maintain
22. affairs
23. has admitted
24. consists
25. was surrounded
26. confirm
【解析】
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：他说他不想在她的同事面前羞辱她。根据句意可知动词humiliate“羞辱”符合题意，want to后接动词原形。故填humiliate。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：上周末我去拜访姑姑时，她碰巧不在家。根据句意短语happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”符合题意，空处为主句谓语动词，根据时间状语last weekend可知，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时。故填happened。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在很少有人能把友谊维持到成年。根据句意动词maintain“维持”符合题意，be able to后接动词原形。故填maintain。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。根据句意可知名词affair“事务”符合题意，作宾语，表达此意时该词常用复数形式。故填affairs。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：到目前为止，没人承认打破窗户，这让他很生气。根据句意可知动词admit“承认”符合题意，admit doing sth.“承认做了某事”是固定搭配；空处为主句谓语动词，结合时间状语so far判断为现在完成时，no one作主语看作第三人称单数，故填has admitted。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：通常，一篇论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。根据句意可知动词consist“由……组成”符合题意，consist of“由……组成”是固定搭配，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。
【25题详解】
考查时态。句意：小时候，我总是被爱和善良围绕着，那时我真的很开心。结合句意动词surround“包围”符合题意，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语I和surround之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你提前预定了房间，请打电话向我确认。根据句意可知动词confirm“确认”符合题意，此处用其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填confirm。
三、根据中文提示完成句子。(每小题2分，共10分)
27. 孩子们喜欢在春节燃放鞭炮。
Children like __________ firecrackers in lunar New Year.
【答案】setting off
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“燃放”，是固定短语set off，like doing是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空格处动词用动名词，故填setting off。
28. 刚才那位老妇人的行为举止吸引了我的目光。(请用到eye一词)
The elderly woman’s behavior __________ just now.
【答案】caught my eyes
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意可知短语为catch one's eye，结合just now可知为一般过去时。故填caught my eyes。
29. 这部电影是基于一个发生在二战期间的真实故事。
The film __________ a true story happening during the Second World War.
【答案】is based on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“基于”，是固定短语be based on，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语film是单数，因此空格处是is based on。故填is based on。
30. 我很难想象我祖父母年轻时经历的艰难时光。
I can hardly imagine the hard times my grandparents __________ when they were young.
【答案】went through
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“经历”应用动词短语go through，在这里作从句谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填went through。
31. 当你看到某人受苦时，不要只是袖手旁观。请主动帮助他。
When you see someone suffer, don’t just __________. Please offer to help him.
【答案】stand by
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“袖手旁观”为stand by，空前为助动词don’t，设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填stand by。
四、语法填空(每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下列句子和短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
32. After graduation, I decided to make a difference to our society, so I became a volunteer teacher and __________ (send) to a remote village. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was sent
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：毕业后，我决定改变我们的社会，所以我成为了一名志愿者教师，并被派往一个偏远的村庄。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词形式与became并列，主语I为单数，根据became可知，此处使用一般过去时态，结合句意，主语与send之间为被动关系。故填was sent。
33. Tom was not sure how his parents __________ (react) to his decision. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would react
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆不确定他的父母会对他的决定做出怎样的反应。可能给出为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，且从句陈述的动作还未发生，故用过去将来时。故填would react。
34. This university makes every effort __________ (help) students adjust to new school life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to help
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这所大学尽一切努力帮助学生适应新的学校生活。make every effort to do是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力去做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to help。故填to help。
35. The man stepped into a car __________ door was half-open. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那人走进一辆车门半开的汽车。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是car，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
36. No one visiting in the gallery is allowed __________ (touch) the exhibits. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to touch
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：参观画廊的人不得触摸展品。be allowed to do sth为固定短语，意为“被允许做某事”，故填to touch。
A
语法填空
A study ____37____(lead) by Stanford University explores the influence microplastics(塑料微粒) have on whales. Microplastics are pieces of plastic less than five millimeters in length and are now frequently found ____38____ the whales live. The team found the whales mainly find food from 50 to 250 meters below the surface. At such depth, the highest concentrations of microplastic in the open ocean take place. Researchers estimate that up to 10 million pieces ____39____(consume) by each whale per day.
【答案】37. led
38. where 39. are consumed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家发现塑料微粒存在鲸鱼生活的地方。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：斯坦福大学领导的研究探索了微塑料对鲸鱼的影响。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，A study和lead为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填led。
38题详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意：微塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料片，现在经常在鲸鱼生活的地方发现。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故应填where构成地点状语从句。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：研究人员估计，每头鲸鱼每天消耗多达1000万片。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，10 million pieces 和consume为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时。故填are consumed。
B
语法填空
I’m Patrick McCarthy. This is the space where I can help you ____40____ your daily life problems. I remember ___41___(feel) both excited and terrified about life when I tuned 18. That’s a ____42____(perfect) normal feeling to have. Also, believe it or not, I guarantee all of your peers at your age also feel this sense of anxiety. Now is a good time to learn and try new things. Sometimes you will fail and have painful experiences, ____43____ is the process of learning and life itself.
【答案】40. with
41. feeling
42. perfectly
43. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的经历告诉青少年18岁生活的真正感受，以及生活的意义。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：在这里，我可以帮助你解决日常生活中的问题。结合句意表达“帮助某人某事”用help sb. with sth.。故填with。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得我在18岁时对生活既兴奋又恐惧。结合句意表达“记得做了某事”用remember doing，且逻辑主语I和feel之间是主动关系，因此用动名词作宾语。故填feeling。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是很正常的感觉。修饰形容词normal应用副词perfectly，表示“非常”。故填perfectly。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有时候你会失败，会有痛苦的经历，这就是学习的过程，也是生活本身。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句所陈述的内容，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
C
语法填空
The zoo is somewhere we all love to go during the weekends and holidays. Now there’s a chance ____44____(raise) an adorable animal at the zoo as well. Last month, Hongshan Forest Zoo ____45____(launch) a “symbolic adoption(认养)” WeChat miniprogram to raise funds, causing a heated ____46____(discuss) online. Through the miniprogram, animal lovers get to “raise” animals by financing their daily necessities, like food and health monitoring.
【答案】44. to raise
45. launched
46. discussion
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是红山森林动物园推出的一项“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金的活动，引起人们的热议。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在也有机会在动物园养一只可爱的动物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰chance，修饰chance通常情况下使用不定式结构，即a chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”，结合句意，此处表示的是主动意义。故填to raise。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语Last month可知，应使用一般过去时态，根据句意可知，主语Hongshan Forest Zoo与提示词launch之间为主动关系，且主语是单数。故填launched。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。根据空前heated为形容词可知，此处应填名词，并且前面有不定冠词a限制，所以填名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。
五、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Have you ever seen an angel? Probably most of us would say no and so would I. However, the conversation I had with my sister Amy earlier this week changed my thought.
Amy would have to experience the Christmas without her husband for the first time because he died in her arms several months ago. Last Thursday, she was in the store ____47____ for an ideal card for her kids. Time passed by quickly as she read the many choices. She needed a card that sent something ____48____ to each of them, as she knew they would have an empty place in their heart this holiday season.
Finally! She found the one that expressed the ____49____ feeling. The words expressed the feelings she wished to share. However, a sharp pain pierced her heart when she realized that the card was from “mom and dad”. She stood, holding it close for a long time, unable to move from the spot. ____50____ began to run over her cheeks.
“Is there something I can do for you?” a ____51____ voice asked. She turned to face a stranger, a woman, who was looking at her with question and ____52____. “Uh… oh…OH!” Amy responded, “I can’t give this card to my children because...because my husband died and this is the wrong card.”
The stranger’s face softened with sympathy and love. She ____53____ out and pulled my sister into her arms, giving her unspoken permission to cry in the protection of her embrace. She quietly held my sister until her ___54___returned. “Thank you for listening to me cry on,” was what my sister said when all was better. “You are welcome, and I am so sorry for your loss,” the stranger answered and said goodbye to her.
During her telling of this event I was feeling ____55____ that I hadn’t been there. My sister needed me and a stranger had to do my job. “You know,” she went on, “a friend suggested that it was like meeting with an Angel.” My guilt ____56____ immediately. My sister required an Angel, and I think that is exactly what she got.
47. A. paying B. caring C. looking D. calling
48. A. attractive B. special C. traditional D. brilliant
49. A. sad B. right C. amazing D. strange
50. A. Lights B. Sweats C. Tears D. Smiles
51. A. firm B. proud C. cold D. gentle
52. A. concern B. shock C. regret D. surprise
53. A. reached B. caught C. sent D. threw
54. A. confidence B. courage C. happiness D. calmness
55. A. shocked B. shy C. guilty D. hopeless
56. A. struck B. returned C. sank D. disappeared
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的妹妹Amy失去丈夫之后的痛苦被一个商店里遇到的陌生女士所化解的故事。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周四，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。A. paying支付；B. caring关心；C. looking寻找；D. calling打电话。根据下文“an ideal card for her kids”可知，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。A. attractive吸引人的；B. special特别的；C. traditional传统的；D. brilliant聪颖的。根据下文“as she knew they would have an empty place in their heart this holiday season”可知，她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。A. sad伤心的；B. right正确的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“The words expressed the feelings she wished to share”和下文“because my husband died and this is the wrong card”可知，她觉得她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。A. Lights灯；B. Sweats汗水；C. Tears眼泪；D. Smiles微笑。根据下文“Thank you for listening to me cry on”可知，Amy的泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我能为你做点什么吗？”一个温柔的声音问道。A. firm坚定的；B. proud骄傲的；C. cold冷的；D. gentle温柔的。根据上文“Is there something I can do for you”可知，那个女士的声音很温柔。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来面对一个陌生人，一个女人，正带着疑问和关切地看着她。A. concern关心；B. shock震惊；C. regret后悔；D. surprise惊讶。根据上文“Is there something I can do for you”可知，那位女士很关心作者的妹妹。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她伸出手，把我妹妹抱在怀里，默默地允许她在自己的怀抱中哭泣。A. reached伸，伸手；B. caught抓住；C. sent发送；D. threw扔。根据下文“pulled my sister into her arms”可知，她伸出手，把作者的妹妹抱在怀里。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她静静地抱着我妹妹，直到她恢复平静。A. confidence自信；B. courage勇气；C. happiness快乐；D. calmness平静。根据下文“when all was better”可知，她静静地抱着作者的妹妹，直到她恢复平静。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她讲述这件事的时候，我为自己没有在场而感到内疚。A. shocked震惊的；B. shy害羞的；C. guilty内疚的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据第10空前的“My guilt”可知，作者因为自己没在场而内疚。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的内疚感立刻消失了。A. struck撞；B. returned回来；C. sank下沉；D. disappeared消失。根据下文“My sister required an Angel, and I think that is exactly what she got”可知，作者的内疚感立刻消失了。故选D。
六、阅读理解(每小题2分，共22分)
阅读所给文章，根据文章内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Running to the Library
There are literally thousands of books about running, each with their unique stories and angles. Here are four that might interest you.
lAdvanced Marathoning—2nd Edition
by Pete Pfitzinger, Scott Douglas($38.13)
Shave minutes off your time using the latest in science-based training for serious runners. Advanced Marathoning has all the information you need to train smarter and arrive on the start line ready to run the marathon of your life.
Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. You’ll learn how to improve your running workouts with strength, core, flexibility, and form training.
lDetermined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll
by Jean Driscoll($10.99)
Jean Driscoll was named 25th of the top 100 women athletes in the century by Sports Illustrated for Women. Born with spina bifida (脊柱裂), Jean was never supposed to walk. But because of her intense determination, she not only learned to walk but to fly—in a wheelchair across the finish line.
In her autobiography, Jean chronicles(按事件发生顺序记载) her flight from physical paralysis to true spiritual freedom. She shows us what perseverance can achieve.
lBoston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration
by Raymond Britt($19.99)
Boston Marathon Portraits features dramatic images of an exceptional race: the Boston Marathon. On race day, Boston comes alive with anticipation, excitement and determination. This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon, focusing on striking scenes and photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, the finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins.
lWomen Runners
by Irene Reti, Bettianne Shoney Sien($11.18)
This anthology(选集) of literary fiction, poems, and essays by women runners captures the essence of running, and the many hopes and dreams of women.
57. Which book would be your best choice if you were looking for tips on marathon training?
A. Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll
B. Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration
C. Advanced Marathoning—2nd Edition
D. Women Runners
58. Which category does Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll fall into?
A. Science fiction. B. Biography. C. Self-help book. D. Historical fiction.
59. What is Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration about?
A. Development of marathon. B. Effective training methods.
C. Essays written by runners. D. Amazing photos of runners.
【答案】57. C 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于跑步的书。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据lAdvanced Marathoning—2nd Edition中的“Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. You’ll learn how to improve your running workouts with strength, core, flexibility, and form training.(包括马拉松配速跑和节拍跑，高级马拉松只提供最有效的训练方法。你将学习如何提高你的跑步训练与力量，核心，灵活性和形式训练)”可知，要寻找马拉松训练的技巧，应选择Advanced Marathoning - 2nd Edition。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll部分中“In her autobiography, Jean chronicles(按事件发生顺序记载) her flight from physical paralysis to true spiritual freedom.(在她的自传中，简记录了她从身体瘫痪到真正精神自由的历程)”可知，Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll属于传记。故选B。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration中的“This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon, focusing on striking scenes and photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, the finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins.(这本书呈现了这些情感和波士顿马拉松的行动，专注于比赛前、起跑线、终点线和终点庆祝开始时的惊人场景和照片)”可知，Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration是关于跑步者的惊人照片的。故选D。
B
As technology is developing rapidly, we can actually build VR headsets that meet high requirements. The interest in VR rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using VR. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists are always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
People are already making use of VR in news. Creative director Spike Jonze and visual artist Chris Milk put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the war-tom country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
VR is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive(沉浸式的) nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct(本能) than our intellect(智力). There are a wide range of possibilities for storytelling here, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of VR, though, is not how powerful it is. That is obvious. The question of VR is one of viability(可行性) and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
“I think that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now, but it’s very promising that it will not be a problem in the long run,” said Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.”
If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.
60. Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A. Because it is a medium built on relevance.
B. Because it is very popular and interesting.
C. Because it allows people to experience the news personally.
D. Because it is an exclusively new tool in telling news stories.
61. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A. Whether it is easily accessible to people.
B. How powerful and interesting it can be.
C. Whether qualified VR headsets can be built.
D. What new ways people will find to report news.
62. What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Concerned.
63. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The Challenges of Virtual Reality
B. The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality
C. The Future of Storytelling—Virtual Reality
D. The Development of Virtual Reality in the Future
【答案】60. C 61. A 62. B 63. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“VR is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect.”（于记者来说，虚拟现实是一个强大的工具。消费者不只是阅读或观看某些内容;他们正在经历。虚拟现实的沉浸性让人们能够在更深层的层面上与主题联系起来，而不仅仅是阅读。这种体验是情绪化的，更多的是我们的本能，而不是我们的智力。）可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的强大工具是因为它能让人们亲身体验新闻。故选C项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces.”（虚拟现实是一个可行性和可用性的问题。讲故事必须容易做到，而且必须能够随时接触到这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战。）可知，根据文章，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战它是否容易为人们所接触到。故选A项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.”（如果这项技术被广泛应用，Oculus、三星(Samsung)、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的困难，VR将成功成为讲故事的理想手段。就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）故可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极乐观的态度。故选B项。
【63题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Journalists are always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?”（记者总是在寻找讲述故事和报道新闻的新方法。这是一个讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把他们放在故事的中心更好的方式来讲述一个故事呢？）以及最后一段中“Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.”（就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）可知，文章主要讲的是虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。故文章最好的标题是“讲故事的未来——虚拟现实”。故选C项。
C
Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? Rada Mihalcea, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deception(欺骗) detection for about a decade. This is how they constructed one AI deception detector, and how it works.
The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data. In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases. For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit(欺骗); they also used testimony(证词) from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements. Altogether, they used 121 video clips and the corresponding transcripts of what they said—about half represented deceptive statements, and half truthful. It was this data that they used to build machine learning classifiers that ultimately had between a 60 to 75 percent accuracy rate.
One thing the system noticed is the use of pronouns—people who are lying would tend to less often use the word ‘I’ or ‘we’ Mihalcea explains. “Instead, people who are lying would more often use ‘you,’ ‘yours,’ ‘he,’ ‘they,’ and ‘she.’” That’s not the only linguistic signal: someone telling a lie would use “stronger words” that “reflect certainty,” she says. Examples of those types of words are “absolutely,” and “very,” while interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as “maybe” or “probably.” “I think people who are deceptive would try to make up for the lie they are putting forward,” she says, “and so they try to seem more certain of themselves.” As for gestures, she points out that someone being deceitful would more likely look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them. They also tended to use both hands when gesturing. Instead of just one—also, she suspects, as part of trying to be convincing.
However, Mihalcea’s work is “far from perfection,” she concedes. “As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy.” But looked at another way, that’s an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.”
64. Why did the researchers gather testimony from the court?
A. To test the accuracy of AI deception detector.
B. To provide data base for machine learning.
C. To help the judges find the guilty people.
D. To understand how deception works.
65. According to Professor Mihalcea, which is a symbol of deception?
A. Avoiding direct eye contact. B. Using first-person pronouns.
C Gesturing with only one hand. D. Trying to be sure of themselves.
66. What does Professor Mihalcea think of the new technology?
A. Flawed but promising. B. Unsatisfying but helpful.
C. Accurate and meaningful. D. Imperfect and impractical.
67. Which will be the best title for this passage?
A. Will AI Rid the World of Liars?
B. What Can AI Do for Us in Court?
C. Where Is AI Leading Us in the Future?
D. Can AI Become a Convincing Detective?
【答案】64. B 65. D 66. B 67. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们深入研究的。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data.”（研究人工智能和机器学习的研究人员首先需要的是数据。）以及“For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit; they also used testimony from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements.”（例如，被告在被判有罪的审判中发言可以提供欺骗的例子；他们还使用证人的证词作为真实或欺骗性陈述的例子。）可知，研究人员要从法庭上收集证词是为机器学习提供数据基础。故选B项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中““I think people who are deceptive would try to make up for the lie they are putting forward,” she says, “and so they try to seem more certain of themselves.””（她说：“我认为那些有欺骗性的人会试图弥补他们所提出的谎言，所以他们试图让自己看起来更自信。”）可知，根据米哈尔恰教授的说法，试图肯定自己是欺骗的象征。ABC项均与原文实意不符。故选D项。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Mihalcea’s work is “far from perfection,” she concedes. “As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy.” But looked at another way, that’s an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.””（然而，米哈尔恰承认，她的作品“远非完美”。“作为一名研究人员，我们对能够达到75%的准确率感到满意。”但从另一个角度来看，错误率是四分之一。最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）故可推知，米哈尔恰教授对于这项新技术认为虽然不令人满意，但很有帮助。故选B项。
【67题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? ”（人工智能能揭穿骗子吗？这听起来像科幻小说，但这样的人工智能系统是可能的。问题是：它能有多精确？）以及最后一段中“Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.””（最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们考虑的。故文章最好的标题是“人工智能能成为令人信服的侦探吗？”。故选D项。
七、信息还原。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(每小题2分，共10分)
All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on Earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth. This leaves one percent of the water on Earth available for us to use. ____68____ Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.
One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams. ____69____
According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. Using water wisely is important.
____70____ Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets(水龙头), dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water, and toilets that use only one-third of the water that they did a few years ago. Installing these items in your home is the first line of defense against wasting water.
There are many other ways you can help. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. Take a shower rather than a bath. ____71____ If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’ have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year.
____72____ Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available. So, make a fuss and conserve water. It’s worth it!
A. It’s also important to fix leaky faucets.
B. Water is an important natural resource.
C. All of these will help to conserve water.
D. There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you.
E. No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water.
F. Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.
G. No matter where we live, we must be careful with the water we have in our part of the world.
【答案】68. D 69. F 70. E 71. A 72. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了影响我们用水量的因素，以及几种节约用水的方法和建议。
【68题详解】
根据下文“Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.”（你住在哪里，降雨量，以及水是如何收集和储存的，这些都影响着可用的凉爽、清澈的水的量。）可知，讲的是可用水量。结合选项D项There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you.（有很多因素会影响你的用水量。）也是讲的可用水量的因素，和下文内容相关，下文是空格处内容的解释和说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【69题详解】
根据上文“Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams.”（一些大城市所处的地区可以从地下取水。其他地区使用来自湖泊、河流或溪流的地表水。）可知，讲的是获取水的渠道。结合选项F项Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.（那些没有现成水源的地方必须从远处用管道输水。）可知，讲的是没有现成水源来获取水的方法。上下文内容相关，都是讲的获取水的来源和方法。下文是上文内容的递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【70题详解】
由该空格处位于该段句首，可知为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water.”（今天，我们有许多有用的工具来帮助我们节约用水。）可知，讲的是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项E项No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water.（无论你住在哪里，都有很多方法可以帮助你节约用水。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。
【71题详解】
根据该段句首“There are many other ways you can help.”（你还可以通过很多其他方式提供帮助。）提到其它方式节约水，并且下文提到两个例子。结合选项A项It’s also important to fix leaky faucets.（修理漏水的水龙头也很重要）也是一种节约用水的方法。再结合空格处下文“If you find one, let your parents know.”（如果你发现了漏水的水龙头，让你的父母知道。）可知，这里的one指的是选项A中提到的水龙头。故选项A为上下文的承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【72题详解】
根据上文提到的一些节约用水的方法。以及下文“Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available.”（学会明智地使用它将确保它永远可用。）结合选项C项All of these will help to conserve water.（所有这些都将有助于节约用水。）为对上文内容的总结，下文是对空格处内容的补充说明。故选C项。
八、阅读与表达(73、74题2分，75题3分，76题5分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
A spoonful of pickles (榨菜) can sometimes make a meal taste way better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing.
The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people participated in the discussion. Instead of having meals with friends and family members, many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines and without distraction. After analyzing their diets, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased caloric ingestion (卡路里摄入) by about 15 percent.
To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音频剪辑) about another person eating and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less since they were more focused on their meals. When we eat with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected.
This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well. A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating. The team invited 120 participants to do various tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel,” one of the authors Martin Yeomans explained.
73. What is “digital pickled vegetables”?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
74. How will eating while watching videos affect people’s diet?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
75. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØPeople overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
76. Online videos can make us overeat, which is their disadvantage. Can you think of two benefits they can bring to you? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】73. It refers to the videos people watch while eating.
74. People may eat more unconsciously.
75. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they focus their attention on the demanding tasks. Because activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.
76. First of all, it allows us to relax for a while after a day's work, in addition, I can allow us to get social news, knowledge and entertainment information quickly.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是当前的一种社会现象，很多人在吃饭的时候看自己喜欢的视频，被称之为“电子榨菜”，分析了“电子榨菜”能下饭的原因以及影响。
【73题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos people watch while eating.(最近，一种新型的泡菜正在讨论中：“电子榨菜”。它指的是人们在吃饭时观看的视频)”可知，“电子榨菜”指的是边吃饭边看的视频。故答案是It refers to the videos people watch while eating.
【74题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously.(这个习惯会影响你的饮食吗？根据2019年发表的一篇研究论文，你可能会在不知不觉中吃得更多)”可知，根据研究发现，边吃饭边看视频会让我们吃饭的注意力分散，最终会导致我们吃得过多。故答案是People may eat more unconsciously.
【75题详解】
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.(由英国萨塞克斯大学领导的一项研究项目指出，需要大量注意力的活动会诱使许多参与者暴饮暴食)”可知，当我们的注意力没有集中在吃饭上，而是集中在需要更多注意力的活动中时，我们就会吃的过多，由此可知，句子中的“they need their food to distract and comfort them.”是错误的，应改为“they focus their attention on the demanding tasks.(他们将注意力集中在要求苛刻的任务上)”，因为他们把注意力集中在要求很高的任务中。故答案是People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they focus their attention on the demanding tasks. Because activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.。
【76题详解】
开放性题目。言之有理即可，注意字数限制。网络视频有一些弊端，但我们不能否认其带来的好处，网络视频可以给人们一天的劳累带来片刻的放松，也可以让我们在短时间内获取各方面的信息。故答案可以为First of all, it allows us to relax for a while after a day's work, in addition, it can allow us to get social news, knowledge and entertainment information quickly.
九、书面表达(共15分)
77. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，春节将至，你校英国交换生Jim接受了来你家共度除夕的邀请，请你就他关心的问题写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.很高兴他接受了邀请;
2.介绍你家除夕的安排;
3.期待他的到来。
注意：
1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you will spend Spring Festival Eve with my faimly! Now I’m going to tell you our arrangements.
To celebrate the special occasion, we have many activities planned. In the morining, my father, a calligraphy lover, will write some copies of the Chinese character “Fu”, meaning good luck. You may join me in giving them to our neighbours, an act o spreading happiness and joy. Preparations for the big evening feast usually start in the afternoon. My mom will cook varieties of delicious food, including your favorite Jiaozi. We can help her. In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration.
Join us and let’s have fun together! I sincerely look forward to your arrival.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生告诉外国交换生Jim非常高兴他能来家里过春节，并告知他家里春节的安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
庆祝：celebrate→observe
各种各样的： varieties of→all kinds of
帮助某人：help sb.→give sb. a hand
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration.
拓展句：In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration, which may leave an deep impression on you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you will spend Spring Festival Eve with my faimly! （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】To celebrate the special occasion, we have many activities planned. （运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
北京十一学校2022-2023学年第2学段
高一学部 英语Ⅰ 教与学质量诊断
一、根据中文和首字母提示填写单词，无需变形，请在答题卡上写全单词。(每小题1分，共10分)
1. To our surprise, her words had a magical e__________(影响) on us.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】effect##ffect
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，她的话对我们有神奇的效果。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词effect“影响”，构成动词短语have an effect on sb“对……产生影响”，满足句意要求。故填effect。
2. His work has been criticized for being imitative and s__________ (肤浅). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】shallow
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评为抄袭且肤浅。根据汉语提示，“肤浅的”为形容词shallow，此处与imitative表并列，位于being后作表语。故填shallow。
3. Everything you do or say is a reflection of your p__________(性格，个性). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】personality##ersonality
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你的一言一行都反映了你的个性。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词personality符合题意，作宾语，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填personality。
4. The advertisements are intended to improve the company’s i__________(形象). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】image##mage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些广告旨在提升公司形象。分析句意，中文含义和首字母可知，此处使用名词image表示“形象”，作宾语，且此处公司的形象指一个，应为单数。故填image。
5. Last year I was chosen to r__________(代表) the company at the conference. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】represent##epresent
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：去年我被选为公司代表参加会议。be chosen to do意为“被选中去做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用to do不定式作主语补足语。根据首字母r可知，表示“代表”应用动词represent。故填represent。
6. We need male subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the e__________(实验). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】experiment##xperiment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要18到25岁的男性受试者来做实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为单数名词experiment“实验”，满足句意要求。故填experiment。
7. There are many optional courses. You can s__________(挑选) the one you like most. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】select##elect
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：有很多选修课。你可以选择你最喜欢的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词select“挑选”，满足句意要求，结合空前can情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填select。
8. Shopping on the Internet has its disadvantages as the real g__________ (商品，货物) cannot be seen. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】goods##oods
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在网上购物有其缺点，因为看不到真正的商品。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示句意“商品”，可知此处需要名词goods在句子中做宾语。故填goods。
9. He likes power very much and doesn’t like anyone to challenge his a__________(权威). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】authority##uthority
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他非常喜欢权力，不喜欢任何人挑战他的权威。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词authority符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填authority。
10. Even if you can’t cook, you’ll find these meals quick and c__________(方便的) to prepare. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】convenient##onvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使你不会做饭，你也会发现这些饭菜准备起来既快捷又方便。根据中文提示和首字母可知，表示“方便的”应用形容词convenient，在本句中作宾补。故填convenient。
二、方框选词(每小题1分，共16分)
Group 1 可能会有派生变化(即词性的变化)
选词填空
access approval amaze describe locate imagine reward vary
11. She was __________that he could be so calm at such a time.
12. I was attracted to the house both by its size and its __________.
13. Prices __________ according to the type of room you require.
14. You need a password to get __________ to the computer system.
15. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and __________.
16. The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond __________.
17. The years he spent in the countryside proved to be a(n) __________ experience.
18. Father Christmas is just a(n) __________ figure and there is no such person in reality.
【答案】11 amazed
12. location
13. vary 14. access
15. approval
16. description
17. rewarding
18. imaginary
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她很惊讶他在这种时候还能这么镇定。根据后文“he could be so calm at such a time.”以及句意“惊讶”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故填amazed。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：我被房子的大小和位置所吸引。根据上文“by its size and its”以及句意“位置”可知应填名词location，作宾语。故填location。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：价格根据您需要的房间类型而有所不同。根据后文“according to the type of room you require”以及句意“不同”可知应填动词vary，结合require可知为一般现在时，主语为prices，谓语用原形。故填vary。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：你需要密码才能进入计算机系统。根据句意“进入”可知，短语为get access to。故填access。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：微笑显然是友好和认可的普遍标志。作宾语，结合句意表示“认可”可知应填名词approval。故填approval。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：那里的风景太迷人了，简直无法形容。结合句意表示“无法形容”可知短语为beyond description。故填description。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他在农村度过的那些年证明是一段有益的经历。作定语，结合句意表示“有益的”可知应填形容词rewarding。故填rewarding。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：圣诞老人只是一个虚构的人物，现实中并没有这样的人。作定语，结合句意表示“虚构的”可知应填形容词imaginary。故填imaginary。
Group 2可能会有语法变化(即名词变复数、动词的时态语态和非谓等变化)
选词填空
admit affair confirm consist happen humiliate maintain surround
19. He said he didn’t want to __________ her in front of her colleagues.
20. My aunt __________ to be out when I paid her a visit last weekend.
21. Few people nowadays are able to __________ friendships into adulthood.
22. China is playing an increasingly important role in international __________.
23. So far, no one __________ breaking the window, which annoys him very much.
24. Usually, an article __________ of 3 parts, an introduction, a body and a conclusion.
25. When I was small, I __________ by love and kindness and I felt really happy.
26. If you have booked a room in advance, please call me to __________ your reservation.
【答案】19. humiliate
20. happened
21. maintain
22. affairs
23. has admitted
24. consists
25. was surrounded
26. confirm
【解析】
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：他说他不想在她的同事面前羞辱她。根据句意可知动词humiliate“羞辱”符合题意，want to后接动词原形。故填humiliate。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：上周末我去拜访姑姑时，她碰巧不在家。根据句意短语happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”符合题意，空处为主句谓语动词，根据时间状语last weekend可知，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时。故填happened。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在很少有人能把友谊维持到成年。根据句意动词maintain“维持”符合题意，be able to后接动词原形。故填maintain。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。根据句意可知名词affair“事务”符合题意，作宾语，表达此意时该词常用复数形式。故填affairs。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：到目前为止，没人承认打破窗户，这让他很生气。根据句意可知动词admit“承认”符合题意，admit doing sth.“承认做了某事”是固定搭配；空处为主句谓语动词，结合时间状语so far判断为现在完成时，no one作主语看作第三人称单数，故填has admitted。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：通常，一篇论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。根据句意可知动词consist“由……组成”符合题意，consist of“由……组成”是固定搭配，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。
【25题详解】
考查时态。句意：小时候，我总是被爱和善良围绕着，那时我真的很开心。结合句意动词surround“包围”符合题意，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语I和surround之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你提前预定了房间，请打电话向我确认。根据句意可知动词confirm“确认”符合题意，此处用其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填confirm。
三、根据中文提示完成句子。(每小题2分，共10分)
27. 孩子们喜欢在春节燃放鞭炮。
Children like __________ firecrackers in lunar New Year.
【答案】setting off
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“燃放”，是固定短语set off，like doing是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空格处动词用动名词，故填setting off。
28. 刚才那位老妇人的行为举止吸引了我的目光。(请用到eye一词)
The elderly woman’s behavior __________ just now.
【答案】caught my eyes
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意可知短语为catch one's eye，结合just now可知为一般过去时。故填caught my eyes。
29. 这部电影是基于一个发生在二战期间的真实故事。
The film __________ a true story happening during the Second World War.
【答案】is based on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“基于”，是固定短语be based on，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语film是单数，因此空格处是is based on。故填is based on。
30. 我很难想象我祖父母年轻时经历的艰难时光。
I can hardly imagine the hard times my grandparents __________ when they were young.
【答案】went through
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“经历”应用动词短语go through，在这里作从句谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填went through。
31. 当你看到某人受苦时，不要只是袖手旁观。请主动帮助他。
When you see someone suffer, don’t just __________. Please offer to help him.
【答案】stand by
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“袖手旁观”为stand by，空前为助动词don’t，设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填stand by。
四、语法填空(每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下列句子和短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
32. After graduation, I decided to make a difference to our society, so I became a volunteer teacher and __________ (send) to a remote village. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was sent
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：毕业后，我决定改变我们的社会，所以我成为了一名志愿者教师，并被派往一个偏远的村庄。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词形式与became并列，主语I为单数，根据became可知，此处使用一般过去时态，结合句意，主语与send之间为被动关系。故填was sent。
33. Tom was not sure how his parents __________ (react) to his decision. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would react
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆不确定他的父母会对他的决定做出怎样的反应。可能给出为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，且从句陈述的动作还未发生，故用过去将来时。故填would react。
34. This university makes every effort __________ (help) students adjust to new school life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to help
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这所大学尽一切努力帮助学生适应新的学校生活。make every effort to do是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力去做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to help。故填to help。
35. The man stepped into a car __________ door was half-open. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那人走进一辆车门半开的汽车。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是car，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
36. No one visiting in the gallery is allowed __________ (touch) the exhibits. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to touch
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：参观画廊的人不得触摸展品。be allowed to do sth为固定短语，意为“被允许做某事”，故填to touch。
A
语法填空
A study ____37____(lead) by Stanford University explores the influence microplastics(塑料微粒) have on whales. Microplastics are pieces of plastic less than five millimeters in length and are now frequently found ____38____ the whales live. The team found the whales mainly find food from 50 to 250 meters below the surface. At such depth, the highest concentrations of microplastic in the open ocean take place. Researchers estimate that up to 10 million pieces ____39____(consume) by each whale per day.
【答案】37. led
38. where 39. are consumed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家发现塑料微粒存在鲸鱼生活的地方。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：斯坦福大学领导的研究探索了微塑料对鲸鱼的影响。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，A study和lead为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填led。
38题详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意：微塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料片，现在经常在鲸鱼生活的地方发现。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故应填where构成地点状语从句。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：研究人员估计，每头鲸鱼每天消耗多达1000万片。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，10 million pieces 和consume为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时。故填are consumed。
B
语法填空
I’m Patrick McCarthy. This is the space where I can help you ____40____ your daily life problems. I remember ___41___(feel) both excited and terrified about life when I tuned 18. That’s a ____42____(perfect) normal feeling to have. Also, believe it or not, I guarantee all of your peers at your age also feel this sense of anxiety. Now is a good time to learn and try new things. Sometimes you will fail and have painful experiences, ____43____ is the process of learning and life itself.
【答案】40. with
41. feeling
42. perfectly
43. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的经历告诉青少年18岁生活的真正感受，以及生活的意义。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：在这里，我可以帮助你解决日常生活中的问题。结合句意表达“帮助某人某事”用help sb. with sth.。故填with。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得我在18岁时对生活既兴奋又恐惧。结合句意表达“记得做了某事”用remember doing，且逻辑主语I和feel之间是主动关系，因此用动名词作宾语。故填feeling。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是很正常的感觉。修饰形容词normal应用副词perfectly，表示“非常”。故填perfectly。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有时候你会失败，会有痛苦的经历，这就是学习的过程，也是生活本身。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句所陈述的内容，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
C
语法填空
The zoo is somewhere we all love to go during the weekends and holidays. Now there’s a chance ____44____(raise) an adorable animal at the zoo as well. Last month, Hongshan Forest Zoo ____45____(launch) a “symbolic adoption(认养)” WeChat miniprogram to raise funds, causing a heated ____46____(discuss) online. Through the miniprogram, animal lovers get to “raise” animals by financing their daily necessities, like food and health monitoring.
【答案】44. to raise
45. launched
46. discussion
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是红山森林动物园推出的一项“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金的活动，引起人们的热议。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在也有机会在动物园养一只可爱的动物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰chance，修饰chance通常情况下使用不定式结构，即a chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”，结合句意，此处表示的是主动意义。故填to raise。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语Last month可知，应使用一般过去时态，根据句意可知，主语Hongshan Forest Zoo与提示词launch之间为主动关系，且主语是单数。故填launched。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。根据空前heated为形容词可知，此处应填名词，并且前面有不定冠词a限制，所以填名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。
五、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Have you ever seen an angel? Probably most of us would say no and so would I. However, the conversation I had with my sister Amy earlier this week changed my thought.
Amy would have to experience the Christmas without her husband for the first time because he died in her arms several months ago. Last Thursday, she was in the store ____47____ for an ideal card for her kids. Time passed by quickly as she read the many choices. She needed a card that sent something ____48____ to each of them, as she knew they would have an empty place in their heart this holiday season.
Finally! She found the one that expressed the ____49____ feeling. The words expressed the feelings she wished to share. However, a sharp pain pierced her heart when she realized that the card was from “mom and dad”. She stood, holding it close for a long time, unable to move from the spot. ____50____ began to run over her cheeks.
“Is there something I can do for you?” a ____51____ voice asked. She turned to face a stranger, a woman, who was looking at her with question and ____52____. “Uh… oh…OH!” Amy responded, “I can’t give this card to my children because...because my husband died and this is the wrong card.”
The stranger’s face softened with sympathy and love. She ____53____ out and pulled my sister into her arms, giving her unspoken permission to cry in the protection of her embrace. She quietly held my sister until her ___54___returned. “Thank you for listening to me cry on,” was what my sister said when all was better. “You are welcome, and I am so sorry for your loss,” the stranger answered and said goodbye to her.
During her telling of this event I was feeling ____55____ that I hadn’t been there. My sister needed me and a stranger had to do my job. “You know,” she went on, “a friend suggested that it was like meeting with an Angel.” My guilt ____56____ immediately. My sister required an Angel, and I think that is exactly what she got.
47. A. paying B. caring C. looking D. calling
48. A. attractive B. special C. traditional D. brilliant
49. A. sad B. right C. amazing D. strange
50. A. Lights B. Sweats C. Tears D. Smiles
51. A. firm B. proud C. cold D. gentle
52. A. concern B. shock C. regret D. surprise
53. A. reached B. caught C. sent D. threw
54. A. confidence B. courage C. happiness D. calmness
55. A. shocked B. shy C. guilty D. hopeless
56. A. struck B. returned C. sank D. disappeared
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的妹妹Amy失去丈夫之后的痛苦被一个商店里遇到的陌生女士所化解的故事。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周四，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。A. paying支付；B. caring关心；C. looking寻找；D. calling打电话。根据下文“an ideal card for her kids”可知，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。A. attractive吸引人的；B. special特别的；C. traditional传统的；D. brilliant聪颖的。根据下文“as she knew they would have an empty place in their heart this holiday season”可知，她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。A. sad伤心的；B. right正确的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“The words expressed the feelings she wished to share”和下文“because my husband died and this is the wrong card”可知，她觉得她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。A. Lights灯；B. Sweats汗水；C. Tears眼泪；D. Smiles微笑。根据下文“Thank you for listening to me cry on”可知，Amy的泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我能为你做点什么吗？”一个温柔的声音问道。A. firm坚定的；B. proud骄傲的；C. cold冷的；D. gentle温柔的。根据上文“Is there something I can do for you”可知，那个女士的声音很温柔。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来面对一个陌生人，一个女人，正带着疑问和关切地看着她。A. concern关心；B. shock震惊；C. regret后悔；D. surprise惊讶。根据上文“Is there something I can do for you”可知，那位女士很关心作者的妹妹。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她伸出手，把我妹妹抱在怀里，默默地允许她在自己的怀抱中哭泣。A. reached伸，伸手；B. caught抓住；C. sent发送；D. threw扔。根据下文“pulled my sister into her arms”可知，她伸出手，把作者的妹妹抱在怀里。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她静静地抱着我妹妹，直到她恢复平静。A. confidence自信；B. courage勇气；C. happiness快乐；D. calmness平静。根据下文“when all was better”可知，她静静地抱着作者的妹妹，直到她恢复平静。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她讲述这件事的时候，我为自己没有在场而感到内疚。A. shocked震惊的；B. shy害羞的；C. guilty内疚的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据第10空前的“My guilt”可知，作者因为自己没在场而内疚。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的内疚感立刻消失了。A. struck撞；B. returned回来；C. sank下沉；D. disappeared消失。根据下文“My sister required an Angel, and I think that is exactly what she got”可知，作者的内疚感立刻消失了。故选D。
六、阅读理解(每小题2分，共22分)
阅读所给文章，根据文章内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Running to the Library
There are literally thousands of books about running, each with their unique stories and angles. Here are four that might interest you.
lAdvanced Marathoning—2nd Edition
by Pete Pfitzinger, Scott Douglas($38.13)
Shave minutes off your time using the latest in science-based training for serious runners. Advanced Marathoning has all the information you need to train smarter and arrive on the start line ready to run the marathon of your life.
Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. You’ll learn how to improve your running workouts with strength, core, flexibility, and form training.
lDetermined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll
by Jean Driscoll($10.99)
Jean Driscoll was named 25th of the top 100 women athletes in the century by Sports Illustrated for Women. Born with spina bifida (脊柱裂), Jean was never supposed to walk. But because of her intense determination, she not only learned to walk but to fly—in a wheelchair across the finish line.
In her autobiography, Jean chronicles(按事件发生顺序记载) her flight from physical paralysis to true spiritual freedom. She shows us what perseverance can achieve.
lBoston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration
by Raymond Britt($19.99)
Boston Marathon Portraits features dramatic images of an exceptional race: the Boston Marathon. On race day, Boston comes alive with anticipation, excitement and determination. This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon, focusing on striking scenes and photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, the finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins.
lWomen Runners
by Irene Reti, Bettianne Shoney Sien($11.18)
This anthology(选集) of literary fiction, poems, and essays by women runners captures the essence of running, and the many hopes and dreams of women.
57. Which book would be your best choice if you were looking for tips on marathon training?
A. Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll
B. Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration
C. Advanced Marathoning—2nd Edition
D. Women Runners
58. Which category does Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll fall into?
A. Science fiction. B. Biography. C. Self-help book. D. Historical fiction.
59. What is Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration about?
A. Development of marathon. B. Effective training methods.
C. Essays written by runners. D. Amazing photos of runners.
【答案】57. C 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于跑步的书。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据lAdvanced Marathoning—2nd Edition中的“Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. You’ll learn how to improve your running workouts with strength, core, flexibility, and form training.(包括马拉松配速跑和节拍跑，高级马拉松只提供最有效的训练方法。你将学习如何提高你的跑步训练与力量，核心，灵活性和形式训练)”可知，要寻找马拉松训练的技巧，应选择Advanced Marathoning - 2nd Edition。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll部分中“In her autobiography, Jean chronicles(按事件发生顺序记载) her flight from physical paralysis to true spiritual freedom.(在她的自传中，简记录了她从身体瘫痪到真正精神自由的历程)”可知，Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll属于传记。故选B。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration中的“This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon, focusing on striking scenes and photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, the finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins.(这本书呈现了这些情感和波士顿马拉松的行动，专注于比赛前、起跑线、终点线和终点庆祝开始时的惊人场景和照片)”可知，Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration是关于跑步者的惊人照片的。故选D。
B
As technology is developing rapidly, we can actually build VR headsets that meet high requirements. The interest in VR rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using VR. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists are always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
People are already making use of VR in news. Creative director Spike Jonze and visual artist Chris Milk put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the war-tom country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
VR is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive(沉浸式的) nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct(本能) than our intellect(智力). There are a wide range of possibilities for storytelling here, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of VR, though, is not how powerful it is. That is obvious. The question of VR is one of viability(可行性) and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
“I think that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now, but it’s very promising that it will not be a problem in the long run,” said Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.”
If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.
60. Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A. Because it is a medium built on relevance.
B. Because it is very popular and interesting.
C. Because it allows people to experience the news personally.
D. Because it is an exclusively new tool in telling news stories.
61. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A. Whether it is easily accessible to people.
B. How powerful and interesting it can be.
C. Whether qualified VR headsets can be built.
D. What new ways people will find to report news.
62. What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Concerned.
63. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The Challenges of Virtual Reality
B. The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality
C. The Future of Storytelling—Virtual Reality
D. The Development of Virtual Reality in the Future
【答案】60. C 61. A 62. B 63. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“VR is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect.”（于记者来说，虚拟现实是一个强大的工具。消费者不只是阅读或观看某些内容;他们正在经历。虚拟现实的沉浸性让人们能够在更深层的层面上与主题联系起来，而不仅仅是阅读。这种体验是情绪化的，更多的是我们的本能，而不是我们的智力。）可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的强大工具是因为它能让人们亲身体验新闻。故选C项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces.”（虚拟现实是一个可行性和可用性的问题。讲故事必须容易做到，而且必须能够随时接触到这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战。）可知，根据文章，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战它是否容易为人们所接触到。故选A项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.”（如果这项技术被广泛应用，Oculus、三星(Samsung)、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的困难，VR将成功成为讲故事的理想手段。就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）故可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极乐观的态度。故选B项。
【63题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Journalists are always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?”（记者总是在寻找讲述故事和报道新闻的新方法。这是一个讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把他们放在故事的中心更好的方式来讲述一个故事呢？）以及最后一段中“Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.”（就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）可知，文章主要讲的是虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。故文章最好的标题是“讲故事的未来——虚拟现实”。故选C项。
C
Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? Rada Mihalcea, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deception(欺骗) detection for about a decade. This is how they constructed one AI deception detector, and how it works.
The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data. In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases. For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit(欺骗); they also used testimony(证词) from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements. Altogether, they used 121 video clips and the corresponding transcripts of what they said—about half represented deceptive statements, and half truthful. It was this data that they used to build machine learning classifiers that ultimately had between a 60 to 75 percent accuracy rate.
One thing the system noticed is the use of pronouns—people who are lying would tend to less often use the word ‘I’ or ‘we’ Mihalcea explains. “Instead, people who are lying would more often use ‘you,’ ‘yours,’ ‘he,’ ‘they,’ and ‘she.’” That’s not the only linguistic signal: someone telling a lie would use “stronger words” that “reflect certainty,” she says. Examples of those types of words are “absolutely,” and “very,” while interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as “maybe” or “probably.” “I think people who are deceptive would try to make up for the lie they are putting forward,” she says, “and so they try to seem more certain of themselves.” As for gestures, she points out that someone being deceitful would more likely look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them. They also tended to use both hands when gesturing. Instead of just one—also, she suspects, as part of trying to be convincing.
However, Mihalcea’s work is “far from perfection,” she concedes. “As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy.” But looked at another way, that’s an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.”
64. Why did the researchers gather testimony from the court?
A. To test the accuracy of AI deception detector.
B. To provide data base for machine learning.
C. To help the judges find the guilty people.
D. To understand how deception works.
65. According to Professor Mihalcea, which is a symbol of deception?
A. Avoiding direct eye contact. B. Using first-person pronouns.
C Gesturing with only one hand. D. Trying to be sure of themselves.
66. What does Professor Mihalcea think of the new technology?
A. Flawed but promising. B. Unsatisfying but helpful.
C. Accurate and meaningful. D. Imperfect and impractical.
67. Which will be the best title for this passage?
A. Will AI Rid the World of Liars?
B. What Can AI Do for Us in Court?
C. Where Is AI Leading Us in the Future?
D. Can AI Become a Convincing Detective?
【答案】64. B 65. D 66. B 67. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们深入研究的。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data.”（研究人工智能和机器学习的研究人员首先需要的是数据。）以及“For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit; they also used testimony from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements.”（例如，被告在被判有罪的审判中发言可以提供欺骗的例子；他们还使用证人的证词作为真实或欺骗性陈述的例子。）可知，研究人员要从法庭上收集证词是为机器学习提供数据基础。故选B项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中““I think people who are deceptive would try to make up for the lie they are putting forward,” she says, “and so they try to seem more certain of themselves.””（她说：“我认为那些有欺骗性的人会试图弥补他们所提出的谎言，所以他们试图让自己看起来更自信。”）可知，根据米哈尔恰教授的说法，试图肯定自己是欺骗的象征。ABC项均与原文实意不符。故选D项。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Mihalcea’s work is “far from perfection,” she concedes. “As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy.” But looked at another way, that’s an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.””（然而，米哈尔恰承认，她的作品“远非完美”。“作为一名研究人员，我们对能够达到75%的准确率感到满意。”但从另一个角度来看，错误率是四分之一。最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）故可推知，米哈尔恰教授对于这项新技术认为虽然不令人满意，但很有帮助。故选B项。
【67题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? ”（人工智能能揭穿骗子吗？这听起来像科幻小说，但这样的人工智能系统是可能的。问题是：它能有多精确？）以及最后一段中“Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.””（最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们考虑的。故文章最好的标题是“人工智能能成为令人信服的侦探吗？”。故选D项。
七、信息还原。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(每小题2分，共10分)
All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on Earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth. This leaves one percent of the water on Earth available for us to use. ____68____ Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.
One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams. ____69____
According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. Using water wisely is important.
____70____ Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets(水龙头), dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water, and toilets that use only one-third of the water that they did a few years ago. Installing these items in your home is the first line of defense against wasting water.
There are many other ways you can help. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. Take a shower rather than a bath. ____71____ If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’ have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year.
____72____ Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available. So, make a fuss and conserve water. It’s worth it!
A. It’s also important to fix leaky faucets.
B. Water is an important natural resource.
C. All of these will help to conserve water.
D. There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you.
E. No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water.
F. Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.
G. No matter where we live, we must be careful with the water we have in our part of the world.
【答案】68. D 69. F 70. E 71. A 72. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了影响我们用水量的因素，以及几种节约用水的方法和建议。
【68题详解】
根据下文“Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.”（你住在哪里，降雨量，以及水是如何收集和储存的，这些都影响着可用的凉爽、清澈的水的量。）可知，讲的是可用水量。结合选项D项There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you.（有很多因素会影响你的用水量。）也是讲的可用水量的因素，和下文内容相关，下文是空格处内容的解释和说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【69题详解】
根据上文“Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams.”（一些大城市所处的地区可以从地下取水。其他地区使用来自湖泊、河流或溪流的地表水。）可知，讲的是获取水的渠道。结合选项F项Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.（那些没有现成水源的地方必须从远处用管道输水。）可知，讲的是没有现成水源来获取水的方法。上下文内容相关，都是讲的获取水的来源和方法。下文是上文内容的递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【70题详解】
由该空格处位于该段句首，可知为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water.”（今天，我们有许多有用的工具来帮助我们节约用水。）可知，讲的是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项E项No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water.（无论你住在哪里，都有很多方法可以帮助你节约用水。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。
【71题详解】
根据该段句首“There are many other ways you can help.”（你还可以通过很多其他方式提供帮助。）提到其它方式节约水，并且下文提到两个例子。结合选项A项It’s also important to fix leaky faucets.（修理漏水的水龙头也很重要）也是一种节约用水的方法。再结合空格处下文“If you find one, let your parents know.”（如果你发现了漏水的水龙头，让你的父母知道。）可知，这里的one指的是选项A中提到的水龙头。故选项A为上下文的承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【72题详解】
根据上文提到的一些节约用水的方法。以及下文“Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available.”（学会明智地使用它将确保它永远可用。）结合选项C项All of these will help to conserve water.（所有这些都将有助于节约用水。）为对上文内容的总结，下文是对空格处内容的补充说明。故选C项。
八、阅读与表达(73、74题2分，75题3分，76题5分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
A spoonful of pickles (榨菜) can sometimes make a meal taste way better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing.
The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people participated in the discussion. Instead of having meals with friends and family members, many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines and without distraction. After analyzing their diets, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased caloric ingestion (卡路里摄入) by about 15 percent.
To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音频剪辑) about another person eating and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less since they were more focused on their meals. When we eat with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected.
This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well. A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating. The team invited 120 participants to do various tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel,” one of the authors Martin Yeomans explained.
73. What is “digital pickled vegetables”?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
74. How will eating while watching videos affect people’s diet?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
75. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØPeople overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
76. Online videos can make us overeat, which is their disadvantage. Can you think of two benefits they can bring to you? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】73. It refers to the videos people watch while eating.
74. People may eat more unconsciously.
75. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they focus their attention on the demanding tasks. Because activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.
76. First of all, it allows us to relax for a while after a day's work, in addition, I can allow us to get social news, knowledge and entertainment information quickly.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是当前的一种社会现象，很多人在吃饭的时候看自己喜欢的视频，被称之为“电子榨菜”，分析了“电子榨菜”能下饭的原因以及影响。
【73题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos people watch while eating.(最近，一种新型的泡菜正在讨论中：“电子榨菜”。它指的是人们在吃饭时观看的视频)”可知，“电子榨菜”指的是边吃饭边看的视频。故答案是It refers to the videos people watch while eating.
【74题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously.(这个习惯会影响你的饮食吗？根据2019年发表的一篇研究论文，你可能会在不知不觉中吃得更多)”可知，根据研究发现，边吃饭边看视频会让我们吃饭的注意力分散，最终会导致我们吃得过多。故答案是People may eat more unconsciously.
【75题详解】
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.(由英国萨塞克斯大学领导的一项研究项目指出，需要大量注意力的活动会诱使许多参与者暴饮暴食)”可知，当我们的注意力没有集中在吃饭上，而是集中在需要更多注意力的活动中时，我们就会吃的过多，由此可知，句子中的“they need their food to distract and comfort them.”是错误的，应改为“they focus their attention on the demanding tasks.(他们将注意力集中在要求苛刻的任务上)”，因为他们把注意力集中在要求很高的任务中。故答案是People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they need their food to distract and comfort them. People overeat when doing demanding tasks because they focus their attention on the demanding tasks. Because activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.。
【76题详解】
开放性题目。言之有理即可，注意字数限制。网络视频有一些弊端，但我们不能否认其带来的好处，网络视频可以给人们一天的劳累带来片刻的放松，也可以让我们在短时间内获取各方面的信息。故答案可以为First of all, it allows us to relax for a while after a day's work, in addition, it can allow us to get social news, knowledge and entertainment information quickly.
九、书面表达(共15分)
77. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，春节将至，你校英国交换生Jim接受了来你家共度除夕的邀请，请你就他关心的问题写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.很高兴他接受了邀请;
2.介绍你家除夕的安排;
3.期待他的到来。
注意：
1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you will spend Spring Festival Eve with my faimly! Now I’m going to tell you our arrangements.
To celebrate the special occasion, we have many activities planned. In the morining, my father, a calligraphy lover, will write some copies of the Chinese character “Fu”, meaning good luck. You may join me in giving them to our neighbours, an act o spreading happiness and joy. Preparations for the big evening feast usually start in the afternoon. My mom will cook varieties of delicious food, including your favorite Jiaozi. We can help her. In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration.
Join us and let’s have fun together! I sincerely look forward to your arrival.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生告诉外国交换生Jim非常高兴他能来家里过春节，并告知他家里春节的安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
庆祝：celebrate→observe
各种各样的： varieties of→all kinds of
帮助某人：help sb.→give sb. a hand
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration.
拓展句：In the evening, watching the Spring Festival Gala is part of the celebration, which may leave an deep impression on you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you will spend Spring Festival Eve with my faimly! （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】To celebrate the special occasion, we have many activities planned. （运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
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