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北京市平谷区2023届高三英语一模试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市平谷区2023届高三英语一模试卷（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了考试结束，请将答题卡交回， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
平谷区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控
英 语 试 卷
2023.3
注意事项：
1.本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。
3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day, while homeless John was asking for money, he met a woman named Gladys Kamande. She had collapsed lungs that gave her shortness of breath and she ____1____ relied on some medical instruments to breathe. Not only that, she had ____2____ 12 surgeries, one of which caused her to go blind.
After knowing her situation, John’s eyes ____3____ with tears. Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her. He ____4____ into his pocket and gave her what little money he had. At that time, John had no idea just how ____5____ he was!
A passerby named Njogu ____6____ the whole process. “I asked him why he decided to give the only money he had,” Njogu said. “He told me he opted to give because even if he suffered the same, others would support him.” Struck by what the little boy did, Njogu shared stories and photos of the heartwarming ____7____ on social media.
Soon John’s story spread across social media and generous strangers from all around the world began donating money in an effort to help. In fact, enough was raised to ____8____ the treatment Gladys needed in India.
But that’s not where the good news ends. John’s simple ____9____ helped him get into a children’s home. Finally, this sweet boy was adopted, giving him a family.
John and Gladys were both able to get the help and the bond they formed that crucial day continues on. It just goes to show that a little ____10____ can go a long way!
1. A. randomly B. seldom C. occasionally D. constantly
2. A. cut through B. gone through C. checked on D. got away
3. A. welled B. moved C. wept D. cried
4. A. touched B. picked C. reached D. grabbed
5. A. talented B. proud C. special D. right
6. A. witnessed B. confirmed C. monitored D. sought
7. A. spot B. moment C. guidance D. works
8. A. spare B. adjust C. cover D. pack
9. A. strategy B. habit C. prediction D. interaction
10. A. kindness B. courage C. determination D. passion
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。流浪儿约翰为了帮助重病缠身的格拉迪斯·卡曼德捐出了自己仅有的钱，目睹了这一切的路人Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故事和照片，这引起了全世界许多好心人的关注，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用，约翰也被收养，有了一个家。
【1题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的肺萎陷导致呼吸急促，她总是依靠一些医疗器械来呼吸。A. randomly随机地；B. seldom很少；C. occasionally偶尔；D. constantly总是。根据“She had collapsed lungs that gave her shortness of breath”可知，此处是指她总是依靠一些医疗器械来呼吸。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不仅如此，她还经历了12次手术，其中一次导致她失明。A. cut through刺穿；B. gone through经历；C. checked on检查；D. got away离开。根据“one of which caused her to go blind”可知，此处指她还经历了12次手术。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道她的处境后，约翰热泪盈眶。A. welled（液体）流出，涌出；B. moved移动；C. wept哭泣，流泪；D. cried哭喊。根据“with tears”可知，此处是指约翰热泪盈眶。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把手伸进口袋，把仅有的一点钱给了她。A. touched触碰；B. picked采，摘；C. reached伸，伸手；D. grabbed攫取，抓住。根据“into his pocket”可知，此处是指他把手伸进口袋。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个时候，约翰不知道他是多么正确！A. talented有天赋的；B. proud骄傲的；C. special特殊的；D. right正确的。根据前文“and gave her what little money he had”可知，此处是指约翰不知道他是多么正确。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。A. witnessed见证；B. confirmed证实；C. monitored监视；D. sought寻找。根据后文“I asked him why he decided to give the only money he had(我问他为什么决定捐出他仅有的一点钱)”可知，此处是指一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故事和照片。A. spot地点；B. moment时刻；C. guidance指南；D. works工作。根据“Njogu shared stories and photos”可知，此处是指这一感人时刻的故事和照片。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用。A. spare抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）；B. adjust调整；C. cover足够支付；D. pack打包。根据“enough was raised”可知，此处是指筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰简单的互动帮助他进入了一个儿童之家。A. strategy策略；B. habit习惯；C. prediction预言之事，预报之事；D. interaction互动。根据前文“Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her.(然后，尽管没有资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她)”可知，此处是指约翰简单的互动。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是表明，一点善意可以走很长的路！A. kindness善意；B. courage勇气；C. determination决心；D. passion激情。根据前文“Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her.(然后，尽管没有资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她)”可知，此处是指一点善意可以走很长的路。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors who ____11____(live) in nursing homes. So she found a creative way to do that. Born out of her love for wearing silly socks on the golf course, Elle Gianelli launched Socks4Seniors, ____12____(raise) money via GoFundMe. When ____13____(ask) what the money was for, she explained it would be used to purchase bright, patterned socks and thoughtful notes for all seniors in assisted living facilities in the country.
【答案】11. lived##were living
12. raising
13. asked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Elle Gianelli为了改善养老院老年人的生活做出的努力。
【11题详解】
考查一般过去时或过去进行时。句意：Elle Gianelli想让住在养老院老年人脸上露出笑容。根据“Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors”可知，此处应用一般过去时。也可以理解为正在住在养老院的状态，所以也可用过去进行时，主语who代指先行词seniors，为复数。故填lived/were living。
【12题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：由于喜欢在高尔夫球场上穿傻傻的袜子，Elle Gianelli创立了Socks4Seniors，并通过GoFundMe网站筹集资金。动词raise意为“筹集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语Elle Gianelli构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填raising。
【13题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这笔钱的用途时，她解释说，这笔钱将用于为该国所有生活在辅助生活设施中的老年人购买明亮的图案袜子和贴心的便条。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语相同时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词ask意为“询问”，和主语构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填asked。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists in Australia have built a new battery using sodium-sulphur, a type of salt from sea water. The battery can store four times more energy than a standard lithium battery and would be cheap to make ____14____ sea salt is widely available. It is also better for the environment than other batteries, ____15____ use rare metals (such as lithium). Sea-salt batteries have been made before but this is easily the best model so far. The team will continue working on the idea before this kind of the batteries ____16____(go) on sale.
【答案】14. as##because
15. which 16. goes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的科学家利用海水中的一种盐——硫酸钠制造了一种新的电池。文章主要介绍了这种电池的好处。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：这种电池可以储存比标准锂电池多四倍的能量，而且由于海盐的广泛使用，制造成本较低。空处引导状语从句，表示原因，应用as/because引导原因状语从句，故填as/because。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它也比其他使用稀有金属（如锂）的电池更环保。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词other batteries，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which来引导，故填which。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：在这种电池上市销售之前，这个团队将继续研究这个想法。此处在before引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语this kind of the batteries，为单数，且和主语go是主动关系，应用go的第三人称单数形式，故填goes。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Now, at Hailang River in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, dozens of Chinese merganser ducks are preparing to migrate south. Chinese merganser duck is an ____17____(danger) species under class-one state protection. In recent years, the province has beefed up measures ____18____(restore) forests, wetlands and other ecosystems. China has established 49 nature reserves ____19____ a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares. Thanks to these efforts, the local population of Chinese mergansers ____20____(grow) from around a dozen to nearly100 over the past few years.
【答案】17. endangered
18. to restore
19. with 20. has grown
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家一级保护濒危物种秋沙鸭的保护现状。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：秋沙鸭是国家一级保护的濒危物种。根据“under class-one state protection”可知，此处是指秋沙鸭是濒危物种，所以应用形容词endangered表示“濒危的”作定语。故填endangered。
18题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：近年来，该省加强了恢复森林、湿地和其他生态系统的措施。measure意为“措施”，为抽象名词，所以应用to do不定式作后置定语。故填to restore。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国已建立自然保护区49个，总面积256.13万公顷。根据“China has established 49 nature reserves”和“a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares”可知，此处是指“带有，具有”，所以应用介词with。故填with。
【20题详解】
考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：由于这些努力，在过去的几年里，当地的中国秋沙鸭的数量已经从十几只左右增加到近100只。根据“over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语population为第三人称单数。故填has grown。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.
During your self-guided adventure through Dino Park, you will be treated to up-close views at dazzling animatronics(电子动画) of your favorite scaly dinosaurs. There are more than 20 life-sized dinosaurs to discover. Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!
Additionally, visitors will be able to enjoy CGI footage that gives a glimpse into the lives of the dinos. It is the perfect way to learn all about the dinosaurs through interesting facts and hands-on activities. Throughout the museum are various facts about the dinosaurs displayed on informative and colorful posters.
Dino Park activities
Dino Explore Pit: The kids will have a blast diving into the Dino Explore Pit! This ball pit features 100,000 balls offering tons of room to bounce around. It is a fun attraction for all ages to enjoy.
Dig a Dino Fossil: Become a real-life archaeologist as you put your digging skills to the test! Look out for some awesome fossils as you search for the next greatest dinosaur discovery.
Ride a Tyrannosaurus: This fun animatronic ride is perfect for kids who want to experience some thrilling fun! Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.
Play Area: Kids will enjoy burning off some extra energy at the playground area. The playground features dino-themed puzzle floors, bright pictures on the walls, and play equipment featuring a slide and dinosaurs they can climb on.
So, whether you are a longtime dinosaur lover or want to bring the kids to see some moving dino park exhibits, you are sure to have a great time here!
21. At Dino Park, visitors ________.
A. can feel the joy of prehistoric times
B. will be taught animatronics face to face
C. will be able to find the perfect way to see CGI film
D. can participate in hands-on poster making activities
22. Which of the following will remain fresh in the minds of kids?
A. Dino Explore Pit. B. Dig a Dino Fossil.
C. Ride a Tyrannosaurus. D. Play Area.
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a variety of life-sized dinosaurs.
B. To recommend a museum with educational fun.
C. To compare the different activities at the Dino Park.
D. To provide archaeologists with some clues about dinosaurs.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对默特尔海滩的迪诺公园进行了介绍。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!(在此过程中，您将能够了解一些令人敬畏的恐龙事实，并获得史前乐趣！)”可知，在Dino公园，游客可以感受到史前时代的欢乐。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段Ride a Tyrannosaurus最后一句“Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.(登上这趟惊险刺激的旅程，你不会很快忘记。)”可知，“骑暴龙”会让孩子们记忆犹新。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.(在默特尔海滩的迪诺公园享受适合家庭的冒险吧！这个令人兴奋的博物馆让游客有机会与真人大小的恐龙面对面！这些动物有着丰富的历史，将激发想象力，让所有年龄段的游客都能享受教育的乐趣。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个具有教育意义的博物馆。故选B。
B
Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she imagined it would be, except for one thing; she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers.
The result is Camp Courage, an immersive (沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. In 2006, Speranza welcomed the first 17 participants. Over the course, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first aid and so on.
Camp Courage now nuns one session every year and is free to attend. To offset (抵消) costs, Speranza fundraises by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.
While Camp Courage is designed to help more women become first responders, Speranza also has another, bigger objective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby or climb a hundred-foot ladder, they’re not going to have a problem going through a job interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a complete change in mindset, and it works.”
Now hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage and some of them work as first responders now. Speranza feels a sense of achievement. The opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her keeps her going. It’s not even measurable.
24. What inspired Speranza to become a firefighter?
A. Her dream now. B. A childhood accident.
C. The lack of female firefighters. D. A firefighter’s encouragement.
25. Why did Speranza decide to start Camp Courage?
A. To train the girls to take the first aid course.
B. To complete an immersive program about firefighting.
C. To assist more females to take up some jobs like hers.
D. To motivate more females to stand on their own feet in the future.
26. What do campers have to do to pass through Camp Courage?
A. Raise money to pay off the cost.
B. Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C. Build a bench for the disabled at a bus stop.
D. Hand in a plan and then put it into action.
27. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Ups and downs make one strong.
B. Every noble work is at first impossible.
C. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
D. Joint effort is the key to solving problems.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加拿大的一位女性消防员Andrea Speranza，由于自己所在的领域女性很少，她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old. (童年时，她在建筑工地经历了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬畏。“当他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以帮助所有人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说)”可知，童年的一次意外经历使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers. (Speranza决定帮助年轻女性认识到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业)”以及第三段中“The result is Camp Courage, an immersive(沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. (其结果就是“勇气营”，这是一个面向15至19岁的女孩的沉浸式项目，她们想要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的知识)”可知，Speranza创办“勇气营”是帮助更多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. (营员必须提交一篇短文，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个儿童帮助电话分会)”可知，营员们需要提交一份计划，然后付诸行动才能通过勇气营。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. (早在找到合适的词来表达她的愿望之前，安德里亚·斯佩兰萨就想成为一名消防员)”以及第二段中“In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. (2000年，Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想)”及全文可知，Speranza不但通过努力实现了自己的梦想，并且她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。所以我们从文章中学到的是“心之所愿，无事不成。”故选C。
C
Ask a smart home device for the weather forecast and it takes several seconds for the device to respond. This latency (延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.
MIT researchers have created a new method for computing directly on these devices, which drastically reduces this latency. Their technique shifts the steps of running a machine-learning model to a central server where components of the model are encoded onto light waves. The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics (纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.
This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation. This method could enable a self-driving car to make decisions in real-time while using just a tiny percentage of the energy currently required by power-hungry computers. It could also allow a user to have a latency-free conversation with their smart home device, be used for live video processing, or even enable high-speed image classification on a spacecraft millions of miles from Earth.
“Every time you want to run a neural network, you have to run the program, and how fast you can run the program depends on how fast you can pipe the program in from memory. Our pipe is massive — it corresponds to sending a full feature-length movie over the internet every millisecond or so. That is how fast data comes into our system. And it can compute as fast as that,” says professor Dirk England.
The neural network architecture involves storing weights in a central server that is connected to a novel piece of hardware called a smart transceiver. This smart transceiver, a thumb-sized chip(芯片), can receive and send data. Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.
28. What’s the paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The cause of the latency.
B. The effect of the latency.
C. The advanced smart device.
D. The models stored in a data center.
29. How does this new method reduce latency?
A. By improving the parts of a model.
B. By using optics to speed up computations.
C. By computing directly in remote data centers.
D. By inventing a new machine-learning model.
30. The author mentions a self-driving car to ________.
A. introduce the impact of the latency
B. explain how data is quickly computed in this system
C. demonstrate the technique’s energy saving and safety
D. highlight the user’s satisfaction with modern technology
31. What can we infer from this passage?
A. The new technique will be further improved.
B. Optics needs to be developed and used urgently.
C. The new computing architecture is very perfect.
D. The technique was developed to send movies over the internet.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用光学来加快计算速度从而减少延迟的新技术。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“This latency(延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.(这种延迟发生的原因是，连接的设备没有足够的内存或能力来存储和运行庞大的机器学习模型，而设备需要这些模型来理解用户的要求。该模型存储在可能数百英里外的数据中心，在那里计算答案并发送到设备。)”可知，第一段主要是讲延迟的原因。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics(纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.(这些电波通过光纤传输到连接的设备上，这使得大量数据能够以闪电般的速度通过网络传输。然后，接收器采用一个简单的光学装置，利用这些光波携带的模型部分快速执行计算。)”可知，这种新方法利用光学来加快计算速度，从而减少了延迟。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation.(与其他方法相比，这项技术使能源效率提高了一百倍以上。它还可以提高安全性，因为用户的数据不需要传输到中心位置进行计算。)”可知，作者提到了一辆自动驾驶汽车以展示该技术的节能和安全性。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.(展望未来，研究人员希望更新智能收发器芯片以获得更好的性能。)”可知，这项新技术将得到进一步改进。故选A。
D
The coronavirus pandemic has created an environment for research on social connection. One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.
Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.
It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. Virtual communications such as texting are by design interactive and should theoretically be less harmful. However, text messages can’t convey emotion very well, because we can’t hear or see our conversational partners. These technologies are to in-person interactions what a black-and-white, pixelated (像素化的) version of the Mona Lisa is to the real thing; identifiable, but incapable of producing the same emotional effects.
With communications on line, we tend to hop from person to person and thus swap depth for breadth. However, research has shown that deeper conversations bring more well-being than short communications. Meanwhile, in a recent study, teens who texted more often than their peers tended to experience more depression, more anxiety and poorer relationships with their fathers.
It might seem strange that we would voluntarily adopt technologies that hurt our happiness. One of the explanations is convenience. Vegetating (无所事事) in front of a screen is simply easier than talking with a person, and virtual communications such as texting are faster and easier than a visit or a phone call. Think of these technologies as grab-and-go food at a convenience store: It’s not great, but it sure is easy — and after you eat enough microwave foods, you forget what the real thing tastes like.
In all, for most of us — especially people who grew up with it — the internet is an unquestioned part of the ecosystem of life. Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.
32. What does the underlined word “fungible” most probably mean?
A. Responsible. B. Changeable. C. Reliable. D. Replaceable.
33. As for virtual communications, the author is ________.
A. disapproving B. doubtful C. supportive D. cautious
34 Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Virtual Communication Does Little Harm to People
B. Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower
C. Quitting Virtual Communication Is Just around the Corner
D. Technology Creates a Good Environment for Deeper Conversations
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。冠状病毒大流行为研究社会联系创造了环境。过去几年，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行了研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.(研究人员在疫情初期对近3000名成年人进行了研究，发现电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法fungible面对面的互动。语音和视频通话稍微好一些。)”可知，研究表明面对面的互动（如语音和视频通话）要更好一些，说明电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法替代面对面的互动，由此可推知，划线单词fungible与D项“Replaceable.(可替代的)”意思一样，故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，虚拟交流虽有缺点，但是从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法，我们应该谨慎对待，由此可推知，作者对于虚拟交流是持谨慎的态度，故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段中“One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. (过去几年最常见的研究领域之一是，我们突然大规模转向数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系。)”指出我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究；根据第二段“Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.(社会联系是幸福的关键。降低它，你会变得更糟——你所爱的人，尤其是你的孩子也会变得更糟。2014年的一项调查显示，62%的美国儿童认为他们的父母过于心烦意乱，不愿意听他们说话。第一个原因是父母使用电话。)”和第三段中“It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. (很明显，滑动手机或者网上冲浪会减少社交联系：你做这些而不是互动。)”指出研究结果：技术会使人际关系更加生疏；文章最后提出解决办法，即根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏，B项“科技可以让你的人际关系更浅薄”适合做文章标题，故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ____35____
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. ____36____
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ____37____ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
____38____ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
____39____ It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. This can cause a coral’s death.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
【35题详解】
根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港。)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合文意。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave.(高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离开。)”可知，此处是指这种情况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文意。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. (世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活。)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G“然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐观。”切合文意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性的地点，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。)”可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Mussels in Port Phillip Bay are taking in microplastics used in cosmetics(化妆品). The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds. Because the mussels cannot tell the difference, they take in the plastic along with their normal diet of seaweeds.
According to researcher Dr Charlene Trestrail, the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
“Besides being a tasty treat for humans, mussels play an important role in keeping marine ecosystems healthy,” Dr Trestrail said. “And because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.”
While environmental campaigners have worked hard to reduce the amount of plastic in the oceans from easily visible items such as shopping bags and packaging, most people are not aware of the impact of microbeads and other hidden plastics in products including toothpaste or bath scrubs.
“We know lots about how plastics affect animals externally—we’ve all seen photos of birds and turtles twisted in plastic—but this is the first study to investigate how tiny plastics affect animals’ stomachs,” Dr Trestrail said.
There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.
We need to take pollution from microplastics seriously. Because they’re so small, once they’re in the ecosystem they are impossible to remove. The only solution is not to use them in the first place.
mussel
40. Why do mussels eat microplastics?
________________
41. What will eventually happen to mussels if they eat microplastics mistakenly?
________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.
________________
43. Please briefly present your own solutions to the plastic pollution problem in your daily life. (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】40. Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference.##Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference.##Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds.
41. The mussels’ population will drop.##We can see a drop in the mussels population.##Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.##After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce.##It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
42. The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads. According to the passage, while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use. That means they didn’t agree to stop using microbeads.
43. Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料对菲利普湾港的贻贝的影响。微塑料被贻贝误食后会降低它们的消化能力，影响它们的生长和繁殖能力。贻贝在海洋生态系统中扮演重要角色，它们数量下降会对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应。虽然政府支持淘汰微塑料，但一些化妆品行业仍在使用。最终解决方案是从源头上避免使用微塑料。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds.（微塑料从浴室水槽进入海洋，在那里它们很容易与海藻混淆。）”可知贻贝误食微塑料的原因在于他们分辨不了塑料。故答案可写为：Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference.Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference.Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据“the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.（根据研究人员Charlene Trestrail博士的说法，塑料不会直接影响贻贝，但会降低它们消化真正食物的能力。这意味着它们错过了能量和营养，从而影响了它们的生长和繁殖能力。）”和“because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.(由于生长和繁殖能力下降，我们可能会看到贻贝数量下降，对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应)”。故答案为The mussels’ population will drop.We can see a drop in the mussels population.Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce.It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.(近年来，人们一直在努力减少微塑料污染。但是，尽管政府支持逐步淘汰微塑料，一些化妆品行业没有禁止使用。)”可知 他们没有同意。故some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.这部分是错的。
【43题详解】
考查开放性问题。只要符合实际就可以。学生减少塑料污染的一些解决方案包括使用可重复使用的水瓶，携带可重复使用的袋子和容器作为午餐和零食，避免使用一次性塑料，妥善处理塑料废物，以及支持环保政策和倡议。故为Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives。
第二节
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-stream shopping）在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你是否通过直播进行过购物；
2.你对直播购物的看法或感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible version
Dear Jim,
You’re quite right about live-stream shopping being popular in China. I’d like to share something about it with you.
I often buy things through live-stream shopping. For me, purchasing products through livestreaming has already become a habit. Firstly, it’s a more time-saving alternative than going to malls. Besides, the broadcasts enable us to communicate with the seller face-to-face, which is an advantage over only browsing the introduction pages. It’s just like shopping in the real stores. Third, it enables consumers to have a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the products. More importantly, it has also created millions of jobs and boosted E-commerce and express industry.
How about your live-stream shopping in Britain? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是李华，你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-stream shopping）在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：你是否通过直播进行过购物；你对直播购物的看法或感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
选择：alternative→option/choice
此外：Besides→In addition
使能够：enable→capacitate
全面的：comprehensive→overall
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I often buy things through live-stream shopping.
拓展句：I often buy things through live-stream shopping, which has many benefits.
【点睛】[高分句型1] For me, purchasing products through livestreaming has already become a habit. (运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] Besides, the broadcasts enable us to communicate with the seller face-to-face, which is an advantage over only browsing the introduction pages.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
平谷区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控
英 语 试 卷
2023.3
注意事项：
1.本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。
3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day, while homeless John was asking for money, he met a woman named Gladys Kamande. She had collapsed lungs that gave her shortness of breath and she ____1____ relied on some medical instruments to breathe. Not only that, she had ____2____ 12 surgeries, one of which caused her to go blind.
After knowing her situation, John’s eyes ____3____ with tears. Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her. He ____4____ into his pocket and gave her what little money he had. At that time, John had no idea just how ____5____ he was!
A passerby named Njogu ____6____ the whole process. “I asked him why he decided to give the only money he had,” Njogu said. “He told me he opted to give because even if he suffered the same, others would support him.” Struck by what the little boy did, Njogu shared stories and photos of the heartwarming ____7____ on social media.
Soon John’s story spread across social media and generous strangers from all around the world began donating money in an effort to help. In fact, enough was raised to ____8____ the treatment Gladys needed in India.
But that’s not where the good news ends. John’s simple ____9____ helped him get into a children’s home. Finally, this sweet boy was adopted, giving him a family.
John and Gladys were both able to get the help and the bond they formed that crucial day continues on. It just goes to show that a little ____10____ can go a long way!
1. A. randomly B. seldom C. occasionally D. constantly
2. A. cut through B. gone through C. checked on D. got away
3. A. welled B. moved C. wept D. cried
4. A. touched B. picked C. reached D. grabbed
5. A. talented B. proud C. special D. right
6. A. witnessed B. confirmed C. monitored D. sought
7. A. spot B. moment C. guidance D. works
8. A. spare B. adjust C. cover D. pack
9. A. strategy B. habit C. prediction D. interaction
10. A. kindness B. courage C. determination D. passion
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。流浪儿约翰为了帮助重病缠身的格拉迪斯·卡曼德捐出了自己仅有的钱，目睹了这一切的路人Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故事和照片，这引起了全世界许多好心人的关注，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用，约翰也被收养，有了一个家。
【1题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的肺萎陷导致呼吸急促，她总是依靠一些医疗器械来呼吸。A. randomly随机地；B. seldom很少；C. occasionally偶尔；D. constantly总是。根据“She had collapsed lungs that gave her shortness of breath”可知，此处是指她总是依靠一些医疗器械来呼吸。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不仅如此，她还经历了12次手术，其中一次导致她失明。A. cut through刺穿；B. gone through经历；C. checked on检查；D. got away离开。根据“one of which caused her to go blind”可知，此处指她还经历了12次手术。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道她的处境后，约翰热泪盈眶。A. welled（液体）流出，涌出；B. moved移动；C. wept哭泣，流泪；D. cried哭喊。根据“with tears”可知，此处是指约翰热泪盈眶。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把手伸进口袋，把仅有的一点钱给了她。A. touched触碰；B. picked采，摘；C. reached伸，伸手；D. grabbed攫取，抓住。根据“into his pocket”可知，此处是指他把手伸进口袋。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个时候，约翰不知道他是多么正确！A. talented有天赋的；B. proud骄傲的；C. special特殊的；D. right正确的。根据前文“and gave her what little money he had”可知，此处是指约翰不知道他是多么正确。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。A. witnessed见证；B. confirmed证实；C. monitored监视；D. sought寻找。根据后文“I asked him why he decided to give the only money he had(我问他为什么决定捐出他仅有的一点钱)”可知，此处是指一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故事和照片。A. spot地点；B. moment时刻；C. guidance指南；D. works工作。根据“Njogu shared stories and photos”可知，此处是指这一感人时刻的故事和照片。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用。A. spare抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）；B. adjust调整；C. cover足够支付；D. pack打包。根据“enough was raised”可知，此处是指筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费用。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰简单的互动帮助他进入了一个儿童之家。A. strategy策略；B. habit习惯；C. prediction预言之事，预报之事；D. interaction互动。根据前文“Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her.(然后，尽管没有资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她)”可知，此处是指约翰简单的互动。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是表明，一点善意可以走很长的路！A. kindness善意；B. courage勇气；C. determination决心；D. passion激情。根据前文“Then, despite not having the resources to support himself, John found his own way to help her.(然后，尽管没有资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她)”可知，此处是指一点善意可以走很长的路。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors who ____11____(live) in nursing homes. So she found a creative way to do that. Born out of her love for wearing silly socks on the golf course, Elle Gianelli launched Socks4Seniors, ____12____(raise) money via GoFundMe. When ____13____(ask) what the money was for, she explained it would be used to purchase bright, patterned socks and thoughtful notes for all seniors in assisted living facilities in the country.
【答案】11. lived##were living
12. raising
13. asked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Elle Gianelli为了改善养老院老年人的生活做出的努力。
【11题详解】
考查一般过去时或过去进行时。句意：Elle Gianelli想让住在养老院老年人脸上露出笑容。根据“Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors”可知，此处应用一般过去时。也可以理解为正在住在养老院的状态，所以也可用过去进行时，主语who代指先行词seniors，为复数。故填lived/were living。
【12题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：由于喜欢在高尔夫球场上穿傻傻的袜子，Elle Gianelli创立了Socks4Seniors，并通过GoFundMe网站筹集资金。动词raise意为“筹集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语Elle Gianelli构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填raising。
【13题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这笔钱的用途时，她解释说，这笔钱将用于为该国所有生活在辅助生活设施中的老年人购买明亮的图案袜子和贴心的便条。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语相同时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词ask意为“询问”，和主语构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填asked。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists in Australia have built a new battery using sodium-sulphur, a type of salt from sea water. The battery can store four times more energy than a standard lithium battery and would be cheap to make ____14____ sea salt is widely available. It is also better for the environment than other batteries, ____15____ use rare metals (such as lithium). Sea-salt batteries have been made before but this is easily the best model so far. The team will continue working on the idea before this kind of the batteries ____16____(go) on sale.
【答案】14. as##because
15. which 16. goes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的科学家利用海水中的一种盐——硫酸钠制造了一种新的电池。文章主要介绍了这种电池的好处。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：这种电池可以储存比标准锂电池多四倍的能量，而且由于海盐的广泛使用，制造成本较低。空处引导状语从句，表示原因，应用as/because引导原因状语从句，故填as/because。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它也比其他使用稀有金属（如锂）的电池更环保。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词other batteries，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which来引导，故填which。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：在这种电池上市销售之前，这个团队将继续研究这个想法。此处在before引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语this kind of the batteries，为单数，且和主语go是主动关系，应用go的第三人称单数形式，故填goes。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Now, at Hailang River in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, dozens of Chinese merganser ducks are preparing to migrate south. Chinese merganser duck is an ____17____(danger) species under class-one state protection. In recent years, the province has beefed up measures ____18____(restore) forests, wetlands and other ecosystems. China has established 49 nature reserves ____19____ a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares. Thanks to these efforts, the local population of Chinese mergansers ____20____(grow) from around a dozen to nearly100 over the past few years.
【答案】17. endangered
18. to restore
19. with 20. has grown
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家一级保护濒危物种秋沙鸭的保护现状。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：秋沙鸭是国家一级保护的濒危物种。根据“under class-one state protection”可知，此处是指秋沙鸭是濒危物种，所以应用形容词endangered表示“濒危的”作定语。故填endangered。
18题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：近年来，该省加强了恢复森林、湿地和其他生态系统的措施。measure意为“措施”，为抽象名词，所以应用to do不定式作后置定语。故填to restore。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国已建立自然保护区49个，总面积256.13万公顷。根据“China has established 49 nature reserves”和“a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares”可知，此处是指“带有，具有”，所以应用介词with。故填with。
【20题详解】
考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：由于这些努力，在过去的几年里，当地的中国秋沙鸭的数量已经从十几只左右增加到近100只。根据“over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语population为第三人称单数。故填has grown。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.
During your self-guided adventure through Dino Park, you will be treated to up-close views at dazzling animatronics(电子动画) of your favorite scaly dinosaurs. There are more than 20 life-sized dinosaurs to discover. Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!
Additionally, visitors will be able to enjoy CGI footage that gives a glimpse into the lives of the dinos. It is the perfect way to learn all about the dinosaurs through interesting facts and hands-on activities. Throughout the museum are various facts about the dinosaurs displayed on informative and colorful posters.
Dino Park activities
Dino Explore Pit: The kids will have a blast diving into the Dino Explore Pit! This ball pit features 100,000 balls offering tons of room to bounce around. It is a fun attraction for all ages to enjoy.
Dig a Dino Fossil: Become a real-life archaeologist as you put your digging skills to the test! Look out for some awesome fossils as you search for the next greatest dinosaur discovery.
Ride a Tyrannosaurus: This fun animatronic ride is perfect for kids who want to experience some thrilling fun! Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.
Play Area: Kids will enjoy burning off some extra energy at the playground area. The playground features dino-themed puzzle floors, bright pictures on the walls, and play equipment featuring a slide and dinosaurs they can climb on.
So, whether you are a longtime dinosaur lover or want to bring the kids to see some moving dino park exhibits, you are sure to have a great time here!
21. At Dino Park, visitors ________.
A. can feel the joy of prehistoric times
B. will be taught animatronics face to face
C. will be able to find the perfect way to see CGI film
D. can participate in hands-on poster making activities
22. Which of the following will remain fresh in the minds of kids?
A. Dino Explore Pit. B. Dig a Dino Fossil.
C. Ride a Tyrannosaurus. D. Play Area.
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a variety of life-sized dinosaurs.
B. To recommend a museum with educational fun.
C. To compare the different activities at the Dino Park.
D. To provide archaeologists with some clues about dinosaurs.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对默特尔海滩的迪诺公园进行了介绍。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!(在此过程中，您将能够了解一些令人敬畏的恐龙事实，并获得史前乐趣！)”可知，在Dino公园，游客可以感受到史前时代的欢乐。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段Ride a Tyrannosaurus最后一句“Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.(登上这趟惊险刺激的旅程，你不会很快忘记。)”可知，“骑暴龙”会让孩子们记忆犹新。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.(在默特尔海滩的迪诺公园享受适合家庭的冒险吧！这个令人兴奋的博物馆让游客有机会与真人大小的恐龙面对面！这些动物有着丰富的历史，将激发想象力，让所有年龄段的游客都能享受教育的乐趣。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个具有教育意义的博物馆。故选B。
B
Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she imagined it would be, except for one thing; she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers.
The result is Camp Courage, an immersive (沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. In 2006, Speranza welcomed the first 17 participants. Over the course, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first aid and so on.
Camp Courage now nuns one session every year and is free to attend. To offset (抵消) costs, Speranza fundraises by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.
While Camp Courage is designed to help more women become first responders, Speranza also has another, bigger objective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby or climb a hundred-foot ladder, they’re not going to have a problem going through a job interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a complete change in mindset, and it works.”
Now hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage and some of them work as first responders now. Speranza feels a sense of achievement. The opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her keeps her going. It’s not even measurable.
24. What inspired Speranza to become a firefighter?
A. Her dream now. B. A childhood accident.
C. The lack of female firefighters. D. A firefighter’s encouragement.
25. Why did Speranza decide to start Camp Courage?
A. To train the girls to take the first aid course.
B. To complete an immersive program about firefighting.
C. To assist more females to take up some jobs like hers.
D. To motivate more females to stand on their own feet in the future.
26. What do campers have to do to pass through Camp Courage?
A. Raise money to pay off the cost.
B. Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C. Build a bench for the disabled at a bus stop.
D. Hand in a plan and then put it into action.
27. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Ups and downs make one strong.
B. Every noble work is at first impossible.
C. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
D. Joint effort is the key to solving problems.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加拿大的一位女性消防员Andrea Speranza，由于自己所在的领域女性很少，她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old. (童年时，她在建筑工地经历了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬畏。“当他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以帮助所有人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说)”可知，童年的一次意外经历使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers. (Speranza决定帮助年轻女性认识到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业)”以及第三段中“The result is Camp Courage, an immersive(沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. (其结果就是“勇气营”，这是一个面向15至19岁的女孩的沉浸式项目，她们想要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的知识)”可知，Speranza创办“勇气营”是帮助更多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. (营员必须提交一篇短文，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个儿童帮助电话分会)”可知，营员们需要提交一份计划，然后付诸行动才能通过勇气营。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. (早在找到合适的词来表达她的愿望之前，安德里亚·斯佩兰萨就想成为一名消防员)”以及第二段中“In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. (2000年，Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想)”及全文可知，Speranza不但通过努力实现了自己的梦想，并且她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。所以我们从文章中学到的是“心之所愿，无事不成。”故选C。
C
Ask a smart home device for the weather forecast and it takes several seconds for the device to respond. This latency (延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.
MIT researchers have created a new method for computing directly on these devices, which drastically reduces this latency. Their technique shifts the steps of running a machine-learning model to a central server where components of the model are encoded onto light waves. The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics (纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.
This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation. This method could enable a self-driving car to make decisions in real-time while using just a tiny percentage of the energy currently required by power-hungry computers. It could also allow a user to have a latency-free conversation with their smart home device, be used for live video processing, or even enable high-speed image classification on a spacecraft millions of miles from Earth.
“Every time you want to run a neural network, you have to run the program, and how fast you can run the program depends on how fast you can pipe the program in from memory. Our pipe is massive — it corresponds to sending a full feature-length movie over the internet every millisecond or so. That is how fast data comes into our system. And it can compute as fast as that,” says professor Dirk England.
The neural network architecture involves storing weights in a central server that is connected to a novel piece of hardware called a smart transceiver. This smart transceiver, a thumb-sized chip(芯片), can receive and send data. Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.
28. What’s the paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The cause of the latency.
B. The effect of the latency.
C. The advanced smart device.
D. The models stored in a data center.
29. How does this new method reduce latency?
A. By improving the parts of a model.
B. By using optics to speed up computations.
C. By computing directly in remote data centers.
D. By inventing a new machine-learning model.
30. The author mentions a self-driving car to ________.
A. introduce the impact of the latency
B. explain how data is quickly computed in this system
C. demonstrate the technique’s energy saving and safety
D. highlight the user’s satisfaction with modern technology
31. What can we infer from this passage?
A. The new technique will be further improved.
B. Optics needs to be developed and used urgently.
C. The new computing architecture is very perfect.
D. The technique was developed to send movies over the internet.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用光学来加快计算速度从而减少延迟的新技术。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“This latency(延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.(这种延迟发生的原因是，连接的设备没有足够的内存或能力来存储和运行庞大的机器学习模型，而设备需要这些模型来理解用户的要求。该模型存储在可能数百英里外的数据中心，在那里计算答案并发送到设备。)”可知，第一段主要是讲延迟的原因。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics(纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.(这些电波通过光纤传输到连接的设备上，这使得大量数据能够以闪电般的速度通过网络传输。然后，接收器采用一个简单的光学装置，利用这些光波携带的模型部分快速执行计算。)”可知，这种新方法利用光学来加快计算速度，从而减少了延迟。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation.(与其他方法相比，这项技术使能源效率提高了一百倍以上。它还可以提高安全性，因为用户的数据不需要传输到中心位置进行计算。)”可知，作者提到了一辆自动驾驶汽车以展示该技术的节能和安全性。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.(展望未来，研究人员希望更新智能收发器芯片以获得更好的性能。)”可知，这项新技术将得到进一步改进。故选A。
D
The coronavirus pandemic has created an environment for research on social connection. One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.
Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.
It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. Virtual communications such as texting are by design interactive and should theoretically be less harmful. However, text messages can’t convey emotion very well, because we can’t hear or see our conversational partners. These technologies are to in-person interactions what a black-and-white, pixelated (像素化的) version of the Mona Lisa is to the real thing; identifiable, but incapable of producing the same emotional effects.
With communications on line, we tend to hop from person to person and thus swap depth for breadth. However, research has shown that deeper conversations bring more well-being than short communications. Meanwhile, in a recent study, teens who texted more often than their peers tended to experience more depression, more anxiety and poorer relationships with their fathers.
It might seem strange that we would voluntarily adopt technologies that hurt our happiness. One of the explanations is convenience. Vegetating (无所事事) in front of a screen is simply easier than talking with a person, and virtual communications such as texting are faster and easier than a visit or a phone call. Think of these technologies as grab-and-go food at a convenience store: It’s not great, but it sure is easy — and after you eat enough microwave foods, you forget what the real thing tastes like.
In all, for most of us — especially people who grew up with it — the internet is an unquestioned part of the ecosystem of life. Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.
32. What does the underlined word “fungible” most probably mean?
A. Responsible. B. Changeable. C. Reliable. D. Replaceable.
33. As for virtual communications, the author is ________.
A. disapproving B. doubtful C. supportive D. cautious
34 Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Virtual Communication Does Little Harm to People
B. Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower
C. Quitting Virtual Communication Is Just around the Corner
D. Technology Creates a Good Environment for Deeper Conversations
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。冠状病毒大流行为研究社会联系创造了环境。过去几年，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行了研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.(研究人员在疫情初期对近3000名成年人进行了研究，发现电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法fungible面对面的互动。语音和视频通话稍微好一些。)”可知，研究表明面对面的互动（如语音和视频通话）要更好一些，说明电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法替代面对面的互动，由此可推知，划线单词fungible与D项“Replaceable.(可替代的)”意思一样，故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，虚拟交流虽有缺点，但是从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法，我们应该谨慎对待，由此可推知，作者对于虚拟交流是持谨慎的态度，故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段中“One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. (过去几年最常见的研究领域之一是，我们突然大规模转向数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系。)”指出我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究；根据第二段“Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.(社会联系是幸福的关键。降低它，你会变得更糟——你所爱的人，尤其是你的孩子也会变得更糟。2014年的一项调查显示，62%的美国儿童认为他们的父母过于心烦意乱，不愿意听他们说话。第一个原因是父母使用电话。)”和第三段中“It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. (很明显，滑动手机或者网上冲浪会减少社交联系：你做这些而不是互动。)”指出研究结果：技术会使人际关系更加生疏；文章最后提出解决办法，即根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏，B项“科技可以让你的人际关系更浅薄”适合做文章标题，故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ____35____
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. ____36____
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ____37____ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
____38____ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
____39____ It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. This can cause a coral’s death.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
【35题详解】
根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港。)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合文意。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave.(高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离开。)”可知，此处是指这种情况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文意。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. (世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活。)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G“然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐观。”切合文意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性的地点，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。)”可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Mussels in Port Phillip Bay are taking in microplastics used in cosmetics(化妆品). The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds. Because the mussels cannot tell the difference, they take in the plastic along with their normal diet of seaweeds.
According to researcher Dr Charlene Trestrail, the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
“Besides being a tasty treat for humans, mussels play an important role in keeping marine ecosystems healthy,” Dr Trestrail said. “And because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.”
While environmental campaigners have worked hard to reduce the amount of plastic in the oceans from easily visible items such as shopping bags and packaging, most people are not aware of the impact of microbeads and other hidden plastics in products including toothpaste or bath scrubs.
“We know lots about how plastics affect animals externally—we’ve all seen photos of birds and turtles twisted in plastic—but this is the first study to investigate how tiny plastics affect animals’ stomachs,” Dr Trestrail said.
There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.
We need to take pollution from microplastics seriously. Because they’re so small, once they’re in the ecosystem they are impossible to remove. The only solution is not to use them in the first place.
mussel
40. Why do mussels eat microplastics?
________________
41. What will eventually happen to mussels if they eat microplastics mistakenly?
________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.
________________
43. Please briefly present your own solutions to the plastic pollution problem in your daily life. (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】40. Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference.##Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference.##Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds.
41. The mussels’ population will drop.##We can see a drop in the mussels population.##Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.##After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce.##It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
42. The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads. According to the passage, while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use. That means they didn’t agree to stop using microbeads.
43. Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料对菲利普湾港的贻贝的影响。微塑料被贻贝误食后会降低它们的消化能力，影响它们的生长和繁殖能力。贻贝在海洋生态系统中扮演重要角色，它们数量下降会对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应。虽然政府支持淘汰微塑料，但一些化妆品行业仍在使用。最终解决方案是从源头上避免使用微塑料。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds.（微塑料从浴室水槽进入海洋，在那里它们很容易与海藻混淆。）”可知贻贝误食微塑料的原因在于他们分辨不了塑料。故答案可写为：Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference.Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference.Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据“the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.（根据研究人员Charlene Trestrail博士的说法，塑料不会直接影响贻贝，但会降低它们消化真正食物的能力。这意味着它们错过了能量和营养，从而影响了它们的生长和繁殖能力。）”和“because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.(由于生长和繁殖能力下降，我们可能会看到贻贝数量下降，对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应)”。故答案为The mussels’ population will drop.We can see a drop in the mussels population.Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce.It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.(近年来，人们一直在努力减少微塑料污染。但是，尽管政府支持逐步淘汰微塑料，一些化妆品行业没有禁止使用。)”可知 他们没有同意。故some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.这部分是错的。
【43题详解】
考查开放性问题。只要符合实际就可以。学生减少塑料污染的一些解决方案包括使用可重复使用的水瓶，携带可重复使用的袋子和容器作为午餐和零食，避免使用一次性塑料，妥善处理塑料废物，以及支持环保政策和倡议。故为Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives。
第二节
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-stream shopping）在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你是否通过直播进行过购物；
2.你对直播购物的看法或感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible version
Dear Jim,
You’re quite right about live-stream shopping being popular in China. I’d like to share something about it with you.
I often buy things through live-stream shopping. For me, purchasing products through livestreaming has already become a habit. Firstly, it’s a more time-saving alternative than going to malls. Besides, the broadcasts enable us to communicate with the seller face-to-face, which is an advantage over only browsing the introduction pages. It’s just like shopping in the real stores. Third, it enables consumers to have a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the products. More importantly, it has also created millions of jobs and boosted E-commerce and express industry.
How about your live-stream shopping in Britain? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是李华，你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物（live-stream shopping）在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：你是否通过直播进行过购物；你对直播购物的看法或感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
选择：alternative→option/choice
此外：Besides→In addition
使能够：enable→capacitate
全面的：comprehensive→overall
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I often buy things through live-stream shopping.
拓展句：I often buy things through live-stream shopping, which has many benefits.
【点睛】[高分句型1] For me, purchasing products through livestreaming has already become a habit. (运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] Besides, the broadcasts enable us to communicate with the seller face-to-face, which is an advantage over only browsing the introduction pages.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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