北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了5分, 共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
通州区2022—2023 学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测
英语试卷
本试卷共10页, 共100分。考试时长90 分钟, 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后, 请将答题卡交回。
第一部分: 知识运用 (共三节, 37分)
第一节完形填空 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Boyce is a farmer’s son and he can’t see the world. But today, compared with him, even a large number of normal people have fallen behind.
Boyce was born ___1___ and his family was very poor. His father used to do farm work to support his family. When he was born, the neighbors even advised Boyce’s parents to give him up because they thought that he would grow up to become a burden to them. Luckily his parents ___2___ him and decided to take good care of him. As Boyce grew older, his father began to worry about his son’s ___3___. There was no school in their village, so his father tried his best to let his son attend a special school for the blind in the nearby city. After years of hard work, Boyce graduated with ___4___ grades, which surprised everyone. His parents were also very happy with his performance. The boy was then encouraged to work harder at his studies.
However, Boyce was again faced with ___5___ when he applied for entrance exams of colleges. He was not allowed to take the exams because of his physical disability. His request was ___6___ by many local colleges. Even then. Boyce didn’t give up. He applied for some foreign universities online and ___7___ became the first international blind student in a world-famous university.
After graduation, Boyce received many job offers, but he ___8___ to return to his motherland to start his career. He set up Boycy Industries, which accepted and trained disabled people to produce eco-friendly products. He really brought ___9___ changes to both the disabled and the environment.
Boyce is a great ___10___ for all of us. He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely.
1. A. deaf B. blind C. healthy D. lame
2. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. forgave
3. A. courage B. work C. luck D. education
4. A. complete B. excellent C. usual D. terrible
5. A. support B. protection C. difficulty D. competition
6. A. cared about B. turned down C. called on D. handed in
7. A. likely B. commonly C. hardly D. successfully
8. A. chose B. afforded C. forgot D. refused
9. A. traditional B. positive C. limited D. natural
10. A. researcher B. partner C. example D. talent
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个名叫Boyce的盲人青年，他在贫困的家庭中长大，但是通过自己的努力和家人的支持，他成功地完成了学业，并成为了世界著名大学的第一位国际盲人学生。毕业后，他回到自己的祖国，创立了一个公司，为残疾人提供培训和工作机会，生产环保产品，为残疾人和环境带来了积极的变化。他的故事鼓舞了许多弱势群体，激励他们勇敢地克服困难，追求自己的梦想。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Boyce天生失明，家境贫寒。A. deaf聋的；B. blind瞎的；C. healthy健康的；D. lame瘸的。根据前文“Boyce is a farmer’s son and he can’t see the world.”可知，Boyce天生失明。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他的父母接受了他，决定好好照顾他。A. accepted接受；B. received收到；C. refused拒绝；D. forgave原谅。根据后文“decided to take good care of him”可知，他的父母接受他，并且好好照顾他。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他渐渐长大，他的父亲开始担心儿子的教育问题。A. courage勇气；B. work工作；C. luck运气；D. education教育。根据后文“There was no school in their village, so his father tried his best to let his son attend a special school for the blind in the nearby city.”可知，因为他们的村子里没有学校，所以Boyce的父亲想尽办法让他在附近城市的一所特殊的盲人学校上学，由此Boyce的父亲担心的是他的教育问题。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，Boyce以优异的成绩毕业了，这让每个人都感到惊讶。A. complete完全的；B. excellent极好的；C. usual通常的；D. terrible糟糕的。根据后文“which surprised everyone”可知，Boyce以优异的成绩毕业，这才能让所有人惊讶。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Boyce在申请大学入学考试时再次遇到了困难。A. support支持；B. protection保护；C. difficulty困难；D. competition竞赛。根据后文“He was not allowed to take the exams because of his physical disability.”可知，他在申请大学的时候，遇到了困难，由于眼睛失明他不被允许参加考试。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的请求被当地许多大学拒绝了。A. cared about担心；B. turned down拒绝；C. called on呼吁；D. handed in上交。根据前文“He was not allowed to take the exams”可知，由于失明，他被许多大学拒绝了。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他在网上申请了一些国外大学，并成功成为世界著名大学的第一位国际盲人学生。A. likely可能地；B. commonly常见地；C. hardly几乎不；D. successfully成功地。根据后文“After graduation”可知，他是成功地申请了一些国外大学。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，Boyce得到了许多工作机会，但他选择回到祖国开始自己的事业。A. chose选择；B. afforded负担得起；C. forgot忘记；D. refused拒绝。根据前文的“Boyce received many job offers”以及后文的“but”可知，前后两个句子构成转折关系，即虽然毕业后，Boyce得到了许多工作机会，但他选择回到祖国开始自己的事业。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他确实为残疾人和环境带来了积极的变化。A. traditional传统的；B. positive积极的；C. limited有限的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely.”可知，他激励了许多弱势群体克服困难，勇敢地追随梦想，由此他带来的是积极的影响。故选B。
10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyce是我们所有人的好榜样。A. researcher研究者；B. partner合作者；C. example例子，榜样；D. talent天赋。根据后文“He has inspired many disadvantaged people to overcome difficulties and follow their dreams bravely.”可知，他激励了许多弱势群体克服困难，勇敢地追随梦想，他为我们树立了一个良好的榜样。故选C。
第二节语法填空 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize ___11___ (give) to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she ___12___ (name) a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly ___13___ (impress) her American colleagues, who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
【答案】11. given
12. was named
13. impressed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了林医生的工作经历以及为祖国医学做出贡献的故事。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：八年后，林以文海奖学金毕业于北京协和医学院(PUMC)，这是给毕业生的最高奖励。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰prize，prize和give为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填given。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在六个月内，她被任命为总住院医师，通常需要四年才能获得这个职位。分析句子可知，空处为主句谓语动词，she和动词name为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，该句应为一般过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was named。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她给她的美国同事留下了深刻的印象，他们邀请她留下来。分析句子可知，此处为主句谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，该句应为一般过去时。故填impressed。
B
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum ___14___ showed the historical changes in California. I learnt that America got California from Mexico in 1848. In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush. Over 300, 000 people came from all over the world ___15___ (seek) their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this period. To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. Many others found jobs on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country. The museum did a really good job of ___16___ (show) how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures. ___17___ these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts and built a new home here.
【答案】14. that##which
15. to seek

16. showing
17. When
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去了当地的博物馆，了解了加利福尼亚州的历史变迁。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：下午，我去了当地一家展示加州历史变迁的博物馆。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词museum，为物。故填that或which。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：超过30万人从世界各地来到这里寻找财富，旧金山很快成为了一个大城市。分析句子，句中came为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语，故使用不定式结构。故填to seek。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个博物馆很好地展示了来自不同国家和文化的移民是如何建设美国的。句中of为介词，后使用动名词作宾语。故填showing。
【17题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当这些移民离开自己的国家时，他们心中带着一点家乡的感觉，在这里建立了新的家园。分析句子，设空处引导的是时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用引导词when。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填When。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, ___18___ it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei ___19___ (successful) orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signaled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. More recently, China ___20___ (send) Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
【答案】18. but
19. successfully
20. has sent
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大进展。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大进展。根据上下句意可知，上下文为转折关系，此处用连词but表示“但是”。故填but。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟5号飞船成功地绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词successfully修饰动词orbited。故填successfully。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：最近，中国发射了嫦娥四号探测月球背面的表面，进行测量和观测。由该句recently可知，此处应为现在完成时，China为单数意义名词，所以助动词为has。故填has sent。
第三节从方框中选择合适的词语并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。 (共7小题; 每小题1分, 共7 分)
从方框中选择合适的词语并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。
run out, make an attempt to, crash into, bring about, earn a living, carry on, figure out

21. I think we should ________ some ways to stop people from polluting the river and call on them to fight against pollution.
22. Don’t brake suddenly, the car behind might ________ you.
23. First you should consider how to equip yourself to ________.
24. Only actions can ________ changes.
25. Her bravery has given him the will to ________ with his life and his work.
26. You should ________ resolve this problem, otherwise you would regret.
27. Soon, the money began to ________ and they couldn’t afford the lessons anymore.
【答案】21. figure out
22. crash into
23. earn a living
24. bring about
25. carry on
26. make an attempt to
27. run out
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我认为我们应该想出一些方法来阻止人们污染河流，并呼吁他们与污染作斗争。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语figure out“想出来”，满足句意要求，结合空前should为情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填figure out。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：不要突然刹车，后面那辆车可能会撞到你。根据句意可知，此处动词短语crash into“撞到”，满足句意要求，结合空前might情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填crash into。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：首先，你应该考虑如何使自己具备谋生的能力。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语earn a living“谋生”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填earn a living。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：只有行动才能带来改变。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语bring about“带来，引起”，满足句意要求，结合空前can为情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填bring about。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她的勇敢给了他继续生活和工作的意志。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语carry on“继续”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填carry on。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你应该试着解决这个问题，否则你会后悔的。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make an attempt to“尝试做”，满足句意要求，结合空前should情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填make an attempt to。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：很快，钱就花光了，他们再也付不起学费了。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语run out“用完，耗尽”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填run out。
第二部分: 阅读理解 (共两节, 32分)
第一节 (共11小题; 每小题2分, 共22分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Arbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian’s Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian’s Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer’s house and soldiers’ quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer’s house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a “hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting There
April 1-October 31:
Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.
November 1-March 31:
Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed
December 25-26 and January 1)
Entry is free.
Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.
Website:
www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
28. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ________.
A was related to the military
B. got reconstructions around AD 160
C. was built in a small area in Rome
D. provided a comfortable life for soldiers
29. What can visitors do in the museum?
A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead.
C. Write to ancient Romans. D. Try using old tools and weapons.
30. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close?
A. On April 1. B. On October 31.
C. On November 1. D. On December 26.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅游景点Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum的位置、历史、重建以及开放时间等信息。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian’s Wall.（阿比亚罗马要塞建于公元160年左右，是驻扎在哈德良长城沿线的士兵的军事补给基地。）”可知，Arbeia Roman Fort与军事有关。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time.（参观博物馆，看到许多在Arbeia发现的物品。它们在历史上很重要，展示了当时日常生活的真实情况。）”可知，游客在博物馆内可以看见历史物品。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据参观时间介绍的最后一句“Closed
December 25-26 and January 1（12月25日至26日和1月1日关闭）”可知，Arbeia Roman Fort在12月26日是关闭的。故选D。
B
Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.
The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”
31. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article?
A. The littering of e-waste. B. The recycling of plastic.
C The change of environment. D. The overuse of old computers.
32. What did Alex do to start the project?
A. Set up WIN. B. Collect information.
C. Ask friends for help. D. Carry out a survey.
33. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work?
A. Traditional. B. Competitive.
C. Scientific. D. Convenient.
34. What message does the story convey?
A. There is no end to perfection.
B. Success comes through failure.
C. Every positive attitude has a reward.
D. Young people can make a big difference.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.”（当Alex Lin 11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔到河里，把手机扔到垃圾堆里。这是危险的，因为电子垃圾中含有有害的化学物质，可能会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、水源和人类。）和第二段第一句话“Alex was really worried”（Alex真的很担心）可知，Alex看到报纸上的文章，得知随意丢弃电子垃圾是危险的，会危害环境、农作物、动物、水源和人类，这让他很担心。由此可知，Alex看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选A项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）可知，为了开展这个项目，小组首先花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。由此可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）、第四段关键句“Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”（Alex和他的朋友们开始行动了。他们在当地报纸上登广告，向学生们分发通知，要求居民们把不需要的电子产品带到学校停车场。）和第五段关键句“The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.”（下一步是为该镇建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心。）可知，Alex和他的朋友们为了开展这个项目，首先收集信息，然后通过登报和分发通知等方式进行宣传，接下来建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心，这种做法是科学的，再结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，他们的工作获得了成功。由此可推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情，并最终获得了成功，越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。“Young people can make a big difference.”意为“年轻人可以有所作为。”能够概括这个故事传达的信息。故选D项。
C
Is Space Exploration Necessary?
We see space exploration updates in the news almost every week now. This is great for those who want a future like in science fiction movies. On the other hand, some believe space exploration is not necessary because there are a few reasonable cons to it. So, read further to see what the space exploration pros and cons are.
It’s true that space exploration technologies are costly and consume many resources. Only launching space exploration satellites takes at least $ 40 million per launch and can go for as much as $ 400 million. Analyzing some space exploration facts, we are aware that space exploring costs a lot. While the UN says $ 30 billion could end world hunger, NASA is being offered a lot every year. And this is a good argument for those who are against space exploration.
While space exploration is highly important for learning about who we are, some are worried about what it can do to humanity. Countries can use their space crafts and satellites to collect information about other countries they’re in conflict with. Obviously, this can lead to tensions between countries and eventually to wars.
Another issue that space exploration brings is that it poses a great danger for astronauts involved in it. Nasa mentions in an article how damaging cosmic (外太空的) radiation is for the human body because it can damage the nervous system both severely and in the long run. Besides, cosmic radiation sickness causes extreme tiredness, nausea (呕吐感), anorexia, and vomiting. From this point of view, space exploration does put our astronauts at great risks. However, preventive measures are taken, and their health is kept in check through intensive training and daily checkups.
While all previously mentioned observations are very good and make great points, space exploration still has more benefits than negative effects. It allows us to develop our technologies, which are already advanced thanks to space exploration. Moreover, by exploring space, we can discover new resources that we could use to better our lives here on Earth. And another thing is certain as well: we couldn’t build a better future for our children without space exploration.
35. Why does the author show the amount of money spent on Space exploration in Paragraph 2?
A. To show the disadvantage of space exploration.
B. To prove space exploration is highly important.
C. To criticize NASA for spending too much money.
D. To call on more money to be spent to stop world hunger.
36. What does the underlined word “poses” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Avoids. B. Provides. C. Causes. D. Prevents.
37. What is the writer’s attitude towards “space exploration”?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Opposed. D. Neutral.
38. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of space exploration.
B. To argue against the advance of space exploration.
C. To show people’s concern about the astronauts’ health.
D. To introduce the problems that space exploration brings to people.
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了太空探索的利弊，包括成本高、可能引发国际冲突、对宇航员健康的危害等。尽管存在一些负面影响，但太空探索仍然有更多的好处，可以促进技术发展、发现新资源等，对人类的未来也有重要意义。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s true that space exploration technologies are costly and consume many resources.(诚然，太空探索技术成本高昂，消耗大量资源。)”以及“Only launching space exploration satellites takes at least $ 40 million per launch and can go for as much as $ 400 million. (仅发射太空探索卫星，每次发射至少需要4000万美元，最高可达4亿美元。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是太空技术成本高昂，消耗大量资源，由此后文通过具体事例即发射太空探索卫星至少需要4000万美元，最高可达4亿美元来对此问题进行说明。故举出该例子的目的是为了展示太空探索的缺点。故选A。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Another issue that space exploration brings(太空探索带来的另一个问题)”以及划线词后面的内容“ a great danger for astronauts involved in it(这对参与其中的宇航员来说是极大的危险)”可知，太空探索带来另外的一个问题，划线词所在的表语从句是对该问题进行解释说明，即太空探索所导致的问题对宇航员来说是极大的危险。故推断划线词pose的意思为“产生，带来”与C选项为同义词。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“space exploration still has more benefits than negative effects. It allows us to develop our technologies, which are already advanced thanks to space exploration. Moreover, by exploring space, we can discover new resources that we could use to better our lives here on Earth.(太空探索仍然利大于弊。它使我们能够发展我们的技术，这些技术由于太空探索而已经很先进了。此外，通过探索太空，我们可以发现新的资源，我们可以用来改善我们在地球上的生活。)”可知，作者认为太空探索利大于弊。故作者对太空探索的态度是积极和支持的。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文的标题“Is Space Exploration Necessary?(太空探索是必要的吗？)”以及第一段的内容“So, read further to see what the space exploration pros and cons are.(所以，请继续阅读，看看太空探索的利弊。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讨论了太空探索的利和弊（弊占文章篇幅三分之二），包括成本高、可能引发国际冲突、对宇航员健康的危害等。尽管存在一些负面影响，但太空探索仍然有更多的好处，可以促进技术发展、发现新资源等，对人类的未来也有重要意义。故文章的目的介绍太空探索中给人们带来的问题。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Sure Your Idea Doesn’t Die
Getting great ideas? It’s Easy. Following up on them is hard! ____39____.
Ask “Why doesn’t this work”.
Although he might have had the idea for it Steve Jobs didn’t just have the iPhone’s unique touch screen in a single night. Instead, he thought about the present situation of smart phones and continually asked a single question: “Why don’t they work?” ____40____.
___41___.
A good routine often helps you put your ideas into action. Toni Morrison, an outstanding writer, has a more special routine centered on daylight. She rises at around 5:00 each morning to watch the dawn. For her, it’s important to wake before the light and observe the transition(转变) into day. ____42____. Whatever you choose as your morning routine, consider it as the reliable framework that gives you the best idea.
Don’t fly alone.
When ideas meet in a shared physical or mental space, creative ideas are bound to happen—which is great. Working in a shared physical space just might help you find your ideal creative partners. ____43____. Besides, they may provide detailed focus that might not be your strong suit. Of course, partners needn’t pursue everything together. A creative conversation is more useful, which can set up a series of goals toward which the individual team members are free to work on their own.
A. Make full use of your spare time
B. Never ignore the power of routine
C. They can strengthen your confidence and give some valuable suggestions
D. This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution
E. He makes a great contribution to “the look and feel of the product”
F. Here are some tips to make sure your great idea becomes a reality
G. She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write
【答案】39. F 40. D 41. B 42. G 43. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就如何让自己的想法变成现实提供了可行的方法。
【39题详解】
根据下文给出的三种方法可知，此处应该是一个过渡句，起承上启下的作用。故选F项。
【40题详解】
根据该空前面“Why don’t they work?”可推出“This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution”就是这个小问题帮他把想法变成了实际的解决方案，这样搭配符合上下文逻辑。故选D项。
【41题详解】
分析文章可知，此处是选起总结性作用的小标题。通过分析下面自然段的大意可知，该段主要讲好的日常生活模式也会有助于把想法变成现实。故选B项。
【42题详解】
联系前文“For her, it’s important to wake before the light and observe the transition(转变) into day”对于她来说在天亮以前起床观察一整天的变化是很重要的，接下句“She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write”她把这个时刻看作是启发写作的特殊时刻，此句中的special moment就是指天亮以前，这样上下句切合紧密且符合逻辑。故选G项。
【43题详解】
根据此空的上下文可知，此处讲关于找搭档的话题。找到理想的且有创造力的搭档会让你更加自信而且也可以给你有价值的建议，这样前后句符合逻辑。Partners是复数形式，后文用they来代指，语法上也符合。故选C项。
【点睛】选择小标题这类题，我们可以用排除法来做。因为标题一般较短，所以我们可以只看句子结构较短的选项，这样就可以缩小选择范围。例如第3题，当分析出是选择标题时，我们可以只看AB两个选项，因为它们较短。然后看AB选项中，哪个能总结下面的一个自然段就可以了。
第三部分: 书面表达 (共两节, 31分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第44、45 题各2分, 第46 题3分, 第47题4分, 共11分)
阅读下面的短文和问题, 根据短文内容, 在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息, 完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。
The Land of Smiles: A Beginners Guide to Etiquette (礼仪) in Thailand
To: JohnnyBoy0303@hotmail.com
Sender: Farang555@gmail.com
Subject: RE: I’m coming to Thailand! ! !
Hey Johnny!
Great news about your visit to Thailand. I shall roll out the red carpet for your arrival! I’m still having a great time here. It’s difficult to work in this heat, but the people here are so kind, and life is generally quite relaxed, so it beats another rainy winter in Scotland. About your questions:
1. Yes, you should learn a little bit of Thai if you can! It’s not an easy language to speak or read, but a little effort will go a long way. Thais are really respectful people. When they greet you, they’ll usually put both of their hands together, and bow their head a little bit. If anyone does it to you, it’s very important that you do it back.
2. Yes, the food is spicy! But it’s so delicious. Thais use a lot of exotic ingredients like coconut, lemongrass, and lime leaves when they’re cooking, so you get some really rich flavours. Actually, I think I never want to eat British food again after living here! Don’t worry—you’re going to love it, and it’s cheap too!
3. Yes, there are a few things to be aware of. Firstly, Thais look at the head as being sacred, so don’t go around patting people on the head, not even kids. The head is the highest part of the body, and the feet are the lowest, so guess what? Don’t do things with your feet. I know it sounds stupid, but just be careful that you’re not pointing your feet at people or kicking them to get their attention or anything like that, and definitely do not put your feet up on tables or chairs—it will be considered very rude.
I think it’s very important to remember that Thais love their royal family too, so you should be respectful towards that. Once, my friend and I were visiting Bangkok, and he dropped a coin, I stamped on it to stop it rolling, and some people seemed quite angry, and we couldn’t work out why. A hotel staff explained to us: Putting my foot on the coin was like stamping on a picture of the king! We told the hotel staff how sorry we were. I think it’s really important to be aware of these things that might mean a lot to other people even though you would never think of them yourself.
Anyway, don’t worry too much. Just be polite and respectful. You’ll have a great time here.
Looking forward to seeing you in the Land of Smiles!
Archie
44. What does the writer feel about Thailand?
________________________________________________________________________
45. According to the third answer in Archie’s email, please write down the question that Johnny might ask.
________________________________________________________________________
46. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Some Thais seemed quite angry when seeing the writer use his foot to stop the coin rolling because it wouldn’t work.
________________________________________________________________________
47. Suppose Johnny is coming to China. He is curious about etiquette in China and asks you for help. Please write 1 or 2 tips for him. (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】44. He feels that the people are friendly and life is relaxed there.
45. Are there any items that require special attention in Thailand? What are they?
46. Some Thais seemed quite angry when seeing the writer use his foot to stop the coin rolling because it wouldn’t work.
The underlined part is false, because putting one’s foot on the coin was like stamping on a picture of the king, and they love their royal family.
47. Now let me tell you something about etiquette in China. When eating, everyone should move their chopsticks together. Don’t pick up your chopsticks first and eat on your own. Don’t babble or make strange noises when eating and don’t speak with your mouth full of food.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者在信中为朋友本文为朋友介绍了有关泰国的语言、饮食和习俗的一些问题。
【44题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“I’m still having a great time here. It’s difficult to work in this heat, but the people here are so kind, and life is generally quite relaxed, so it beats another rainy winter in Scotland. (我在这里仍然过得很愉快。在这么热的天气里工作很困难，但这里的人很友善，生活一般都很轻松，所以这比苏格兰又一个多雨的冬天要好。)”可知，作者感觉泰国人民友善，生活轻松。故答案为He feels that the people are friendly and life is relaxed there.
【45题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三个回答中“Yes, there are a few things to be aware of. (是的，有几件事需要注意。)”可知，Johnny可能会问的问题是：在泰国是不是有些需要特别注意的，都有哪些？故答案为Are there any items that require special attention in Thailand? What are they?
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中“I think it’s very important to remember that Thais love their royal family too, so you should be respectful towards that. (我认为重要的是要记住泰国人也爱他们的王室，所以你应该尊重他们。)”和“Once, my friend and I were visiting Bangkok, and he dropped a coin, I stamped on it to stop it rolling, and some people seemed quite angry, and we couldn’t work out why. A hotel staff explained to us: Putting my foot on the coin was like stamping on a picture of the king! (有一次，我和朋友去曼谷旅游，他掉了一枚硬币，我踩着它不让它滚，一些人看起来很生气，我们不知道为什么。一位酒店工作人员向我们解释说：把我的脚踩在硬币上就像踩在国王的画像上一样！我们向酒店员工表示了歉意。)”可知，当看到作者用脚阻止硬币滚动时，一些泰国人似乎很生气，是因为脚踩在硬币上就像踩在国王的画像上一样，他们爱他们的王室。故答案为Some Thais seemed quite angry when seeing the writer use his foot to stop the coin rolling because it wouldn’t work. The underlined part is false, because putting one’s foot on the coin was like stamping on a picture of the king, and they love their royal family.
【47题详解】
考查阅读写作。阅读可知，本文为朋友介绍了有关泰国的语言、饮食和习俗。按要求给Johnny写1 - 2条有关中国礼仪的建议。故答案为Now let me tell you something about etiquette in China. When eating, everyone should move their chopsticks together. Don’t pick up your chopsticks first and eat on your own. Don’t babble or make strange noises when eating and don’t speak with your mouth full of food.
第二节 (20分)
48. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。上周末你和你的英国朋友 Jim 约好了去看电影， 但因在路上帮助了一位老人而错过了看电影， 请你用英文给Jin写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 表达歉意；
2. 陈述原因；
3. 另约时间。
注意：1. 词数100 左右。
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to apologize for missing our movie date last weekend. I feel terrible for letting you down.
The reason why I missed the movie was that I stopped to help an elderly person on my way to meet you. They needed assistance crossing the street, and I couldn't just leave them there. I hope you can understand. Are you free next weekend? We can pick a new movie and time that works for both of us.
Again, I'm really sorry for missing our plans. I value our friendship and don’t want to let you down again.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，对上周末因帮助一位老人而错过看电影的事向Jim道歉，陈述原因并另约时间。
【详解】1.词汇积累
希望：hope→expect/wish
道歉：apologize →make an apology
让某人沮丧：let sb down→ make sb disappointed
珍惜：value→ treasure
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I wanted to apologize for missing our movie date last weekend.
拓展句： I wanted to apologize for missing our movie date last weekend, which made me very embarrassed.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The reason why I missed the movie was that I stopped to help an elderly person on my way to meet you. （运用了why引导的定语从句以及that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】We can pick a new movie and time that works for both of us.（运用了that引导的定语从句）