北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A， cuntries等内容，欢迎下载使用。

通州区2022—2023学年第一学期高一年级期末质量检测
英语试卷
本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共三节，40分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Chinese opera
Chinese opera is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the T ang Dynasty, an emperor established a(n)____1____school named Pear Garden. From that time on,____2____of Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”. Since the Yuan Dynasty it has been____3____by court officials and emperors and has become a traditional art form. During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.
Many of the features that characterize modern Chinese opera developed in Northern China, including the use of certain set____5____like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).
It developed from folk songs, dances, talking and especially distinctive (独特的) dialectal music. Gradually it combined music, art and literature into one performance on the stage. Accompanied by____6____musical instruments like erhu, gong (锣), and lute (琵琶), actors present unique melodies as well dialogues which are beautifully written and of high literary value. For Chinese especially senior people, to listen to this kind of opera is a real____7____.
Beijing Opera is considered to be the essence of Chinese opera but actually, the language of Beijing Opera is not the dialect of Beijing. In 1790, four famous opera performing teams traveled to Beijing. They created the Beijing Opera by____8____their local opera with the operas in Hubei, Shanxi and Zhejiang. It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China. At the beginning, the Beijing Opera was only popular in royal families and before too long, it had_____10_____to every part of a China. Now, people from all walks of life like it.
1. A. art B. dance C. opera D. musical
2. A. listeners B. founders C. fans D. performers
3. A. programmed B. encouraged C. prepared D. designed
4. A. senior B. rich C. ordinary D. wise
5. A. characters B. dialogues C. actors D. actresses
6. A. modern B. traditional C. dramatic D. different
7 A. desire B. attitude C. pleasure D. expectation
8. A. combining B. comparing C. working D. providing
9. A. surprising B. interesting C. shocking D. amazing
10. A. sent B. spread C. brought D. belonged
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国戏曲艺术的发展历史。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐朝时，一位皇帝建了一所戏剧学校，名叫梨园。A. art艺术；B. dance舞蹈；C. opera戏剧；D. musical音乐片。根据“Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”.”可知，梨园是中国唐代培养戏曲人才的机构。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，中国戏曲演员被称为“梨园弟子”。A. listeners听众；B. founders创立者；C. fans爱好者；D. performers表演者；演员。根据“disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”可知，梨园培养戏曲演员，所以过去称戏曲演员为“梨园子弟”。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自元朝以来，它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的鼓励，并已成为一种传统的艺术形式。A. programmed编制程序；安排；B. encouraged鼓励；C. prepared准备；D. designed设计。根据“and has become a traditional art form.”可知，戏曲已成为一种传统艺术形式，这与它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的“支持”分不开。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在清朝，它在普通百姓中成为一种时尚。A. senior高级的；B. rich富有的；C. ordinary普通的；D. wise明智的。根据“Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.”可知，人们可以在茶室、餐厅和舞台上观看表演。这些场所并非大雅之堂，由此推断观看者是“普通”百姓。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代中国戏曲的许多特征都是在中国北方发展起来的，包括对某些特定角色的使用，如生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）。A. characters角色；B. dialogues对话；C. actors男演员；D. actresses女演员。根据“like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).”可知，文中的生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）是中国戏曲中人物角色的行当分类。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在二胡、锣、琵琶等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白，具有很高的文学价值。A. modern现代的；B. traditional传统的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. different不同的。根据“like erhu, gong (锣), and lute (琵琶),”可知二胡、锣、琵琶等乐器是中国传统乐器。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于中国人，尤其是老年人来说，听这种歌剧是一种真正的乐趣。A. desire欲望；B. attitude态度；C. pleasure快乐；D. expectation期待。根据“For Chinese especially senior people,”可知，喜欢戏曲的大多为老年人，对他们而言听戏真是一种乐趣。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们把当地的戏曲与湖北、山西和浙江的戏曲结合起来，创造了京剧。A. combining结合；B. comparing比较；C. working工作；D. providing提供。根据“It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China.”可知，京剧是以中国这些地方戏曲为基础的一种新剧种。也就是说它把地方戏和湖北、山西、浙江的戏曲结合起来。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以中国这些地区的戏曲为基础创作一部新戏曲，真是太棒了。A. surprising令人惊讶的（侧重“出人意料”）； B. interesting有趣的；C. shocking使人震惊的；D. amazing令人惊异的（侧重“令人惊叹的，很了不起”）。根据“”可知，根据上下文逻辑可知，要在中国这些地方戏的基础上创作出一种新剧并非易事，但京剧就这样诞生了，令人惊叹。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，京剧只在皇室中流行，不久，它就传播到了中国的每一个地方。A. sent发送；B. spread传播；C. brought带来；D. belonged属于。根据“During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people.”可知，在清朝，戏曲成为时尚。由此推断出，当时它已经传播到中国的每一个地方。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet again.____11____strong support from the government and tireless efforts of the city s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city____12____(become) a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a____13____(bright) future.
【答案】11. With
12. has become
13. brighter
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要简述了唐山地震后的重建和恢复。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于在唐山人民的大力支持和不懈努力下，地震废墟上建起了一个新唐山。介词with意为“由于，因为”，表示原因。故填With。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：新城已经成为700多万人口的家园，交通、工业和环境都有了很大的改善。表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时。主语是The new city，谓语动词用has。故填has become。
【13题详解】
考查比较级。句意：唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难面前，人们必须团结起来，展现出保持积极和重建更光明未来的智慧。结合句意可知，用形容词bright的比较级形式。故填brighter。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites____14____(take) down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place____15____they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers____16____(rescue) 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty____17____(country) donated nearly $ 80 million to the project.
【答案】14. were taken
15. where 16. rescued
17. countries
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍来自世界各地的政府和环保人士拯救世界文化遗产所作的共同努力。
【14题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后搬到一个安全的地方重新组装起来。主语Temples and other cultural sites为复数形式，且与动词take是被动关系，根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。填were taken。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后搬到一个安全的地方重新组装起来。句中先行词为a place，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：在接下来的20年里，成千上万的工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和无数的文物。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故填rescued。
【17题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8000万美元。数词Fifty后接可数名词的复数形式。故填countries。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow- covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough____18____(touch). On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here- to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.____19____(watch) them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they were in.They were hunted,____20____(illegal), for the their valuable fur.
【答案】18. to touch
19. Watching
20. illegally
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了作者观看藏羚羊的经历。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的山脉消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。enough...to do sth.“足够用来做某事”，用不定式作结果状语，故填to touch。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：看着它们慢慢地在绿色的草地上移动，我被它们的美丽所打动。分析句子可知，watch用非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语I是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填Watching。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：因为它珍贵的羊毛，它们被非法猎取。修饰动词hunted用副词作状语，故填illegally。
第三节 (共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
从方框中选择合适的词语并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。
die out, make out, relate to, adapt to, lead to, as if, due to, make progress, refer to, take part in

21. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed________the world were coming to an end!
22. You don’t need to________a dictionary every time you meet with a new word while reading. You can guess its meaning from the context.
23. By the light of the moon I could just________shapes and outlines.
24. Does each sentence________the main idea?
25. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to________the change.
26. Big challenges, however, can sometimes________great solutions.
27. If something________, it becomes less and less common and eventually disappears completely.
28. As long as you study hard, you will surely________.
29. Most of the students in our class________the sports meet last week.
30. Tom came back late________a car accident on his way home.
【答案】21. as if
22. refer to
23. make out
24. relate to
25. adapt to
26. lead to
27. dies out
28. make progress
29. took part in
30. due to
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。好像世界末日就要到了！分析句子可知，该句为It seemed as if…“看起来，似乎”的固定句型，满足句意要求。故填as if。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在阅读过程中，你不需要每次遇到新单词都去查字典。你可以从上下文猜出它的意思。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语refer to“参考，查阅”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to，可知为动词原形。故填refer to。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：借着月光，我只能辨认出形状和轮廓。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make out“辨认出”，满足句意要求，结合空前could情态动词，可知为动词原形。故填make out。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：每句话都与中心思想有关吗？根据句意可知，此处为动词短语relate to“与……有关”，满足句意要求，结合句首Does助动词可知为动词原形。故填relate to。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：世界将变得不同，我们必须做好适应这种变化的准备。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语adapt to“适应”，满足句意要求，结合空前不定式符号to，可知为动词原形。故填adapt to。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：然而，巨大的挑战有时可以带来伟大的解决方案。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语lead to“导致”，满足句意要求，结合空前can情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填lead to。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果某物灭绝的话它会越来越少最终直至消失。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语die out“灭绝”，满足句意要求，根据主句谓语动词becomes判断从句用一般现在时，主语something不定代词为单数，所以为动词的三单形式。故填dies out。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：只要你努力学习，你一定会进步的。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make progress“取得进步”，满足句意要求，结合空前助动词will，可知为动词原形。故填make progress。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我们班大多数学生参加了上周的运动会。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语take part in“参加”，满足句意要求，结合该句时间状语last week，可知为过去时。故填took part in。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：汤姆回来晚了，因为他在回家的路上出了车祸。根据句意可知，此处为介词短语due to“因为”，满足句意。故填due to。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，32分)
第一节(共11小题;每小题2分，共22分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you’d like to go sightseeing, the following World Heritage sites may be your best choices.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Jiuzhaigou Valley, which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province, China, reaches a height of more than 4, 800 m, with a series of different forest ecosystems (生态系统). It’s particularly famous for its narrow landforms and excellent waterfalls. Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley, as well as a number of endangered plants and animals, including the giant panda. Jiuzhaigou Valley was recognized as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1992.
Khami Ruins National Monument
The city of Khami, which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid- 16th century, is of great archaeological (考古的) interest. The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for trade over a long period of time. It joined the W orld Heritage List in 1986.
Henderson Island
Henderson Island, which lies in the eastern South Pacific, is one of the few atolls (环礁)in the world whose ecology (生态) has been untouched by humans. It is particularly famous for the 10 plants and 4 birds that can only be seen on the island. It was recorded in the World Heritage List in 1988.
Old City of Jerusalem
As a holy (神圣的) city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance. It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “World Heritage in Danger List” the following year.
31. What do we know about Jiuzhaigou Valley according to the passage?
A. It lies in the northern part of China.
B. It is famous for many ancient objects.
C. Wonderful waterfalls can be seen there.
D. It has been untouched by human beings.
32. From the passage, we can learn that Jerusalem________.
A. was once business center for trade
B. was given up in the mid- 16th century
C. has more than 140 kinds of birds living there
D. is a holy city for three major religions in the Middle East
33. According to the passage, which World Heritage site was most recently set?
A. Henderson Island.
B. Old City of Jerusalem.
C. Khami Ruins National Monument.
D. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area.
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为应用文，主要介绍了四处世界遗产地供游客选择。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area”部分关键句“It’s particularly famous for its narrow landforms and excellent waterfalls.”（它以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名。）可知，九寨沟以其狭窄的地形和极好的瀑布而闻名，由此可知，在九寨沟可以看到极好的瀑布。故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Old City of Jerusalem”部分关键句“As a holy (神圣的) city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance.”（作为中东三个不同宗教的圣城，耶路撒冷一直具有重要的宗教意义。）可知，耶路撒冷是中东三个不同宗教的圣城，由此可知，从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到耶路撒冷是三大宗教的圣城。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area”部分关键句“Jiuzhaigou Valley was recognized as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1992.”（九寨沟于1992年被联合国教科文组织确认为世界遗产。）可知，九寨沟是1992年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“Khami Ruins National Monument”部分关键句“It joined the World Heritage List in 1986.”（它于1986年加入世界遗产名录。）可知，卡米国家遗址纪念地是1986年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“Henderson Island”部分关键句“It was recorded in the World Heritage List in 1988.”（它于1988年被列入世界遗产名录。）可知，亨德森岛是1988年被确认为世界遗产的；根据“Old City of Jerusalem”部分关键句“It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “World Heritage in Danger List” the following year.”（1981年被授予世界遗产地位，次年被列入“濒危世界遗产名录”。）可知，耶路撒冷古城是1981年被授予世界遗产地位，次年被列入“濒危世界遗产名录”，综上所述，对比时间可知，最近确定的世界遗产是九寨沟风景名胜区。故选D项。
B
I was excited to take my rescue Beagle (比格犬) to the river the other day, as it’s within walking distance of our new home. Having spent her first six years in a cage, Georgie had never seen a body of water, and I wanted to get there before sunset to watch her experience it.
I was growing increasingly impatient about all the stops her little Beagle nose required. She inspected the grass dirt, and trees, and licked (舔) whatever was stuck to the road. These were all new discoveries for her, and she took her time studying them.
When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along, I whipped out my cell phone and began texting. I thought that I needed something to do while Georgie was slowing us down. Then, for some reason, I heard the cicadas (蝉) ,and I remembered that the sound of cicadas is my favorite sound in the world. That awakened something buried within me that longed for the simple pleasures that had been replaced by technology.
I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie. Now, I admired the flowers and the winding ivy on our path. I smelled the grass and the flowers, and the dirt and the air. I treasured each one equally, as if discovering them for the first time.
As we neared our destination,1 realized something even more important: It didn’t matter if we even reached the river. Why must there always be a destination? Georgie had no idea that we had a destination. She was present for the journey, and she savored every bit of that sweet experience. There was no race and no finish line.
Now I’m not sure who rescued whom.
34. Why did the author take out the cellphone?
A. To kill time. B. To awaken the simple pleasures.
C. To hurry the dog along. D. To record the sound of cicadas.
35. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. How I enjoyed the journey. B. What I saw on the way.
C. Why I traveled to the river. D. Whether I reached my destination.
36. What does the underlined word “savored” in the fifth paragraph mean?
A. Smelt. B. Expected. C. Enjoyed. D. Deserved.
37. What is the best title for the text?
A. Say Goodbye to Cell Phones B. Think like a Dog
C. Learn to Get along with Pets D. Travel toward Destinations
【答案】34. A 35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者学着像自己的狗Georgie一样享受旅程的经历。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along, I whipped out my cell phone and began texting．（当我意识到催她走是徒劳的时候，我掏出手机，开始发短信。）可知，作者拿出手机是为了消磨时间。故选A。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie．（我有意识地决定活在当下，像Georgie一样享受去河边旅程。）以及第四段主要内容为描述作者的旅途，可知，第四段主要讲述了“我”如何享受这次旅行。故选A。
【36题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文every bit of that sweet experience可知她是这次旅行的亲历者，她尽情地享受着这次甜蜜的经历。故划线单词意思为“享受”。故选C。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river Just like Georgie．（我有意识地决定活在当下，像Georgie一样享受去河边的旅程。）以及阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者学着像自己的狗狗一样享受旅程的经历。故B选项“像狗一样思考”符合文章标题。故选B。
【点睛】关于词义猜测题做题技巧。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，主要有对生词的词义猜测，熟词新义以及代词的猜测。其关键是根据上下文的逻辑关系，利用已掌握的信息，有必要的时候，借助生活或者文化常识，确定单词的词义。如第三小题，根据下文every bit of that sweet experience可知她是这次旅行的亲历者，她尽情地享受着这次甜蜜的经历。故划线单词意思为“享受”。故选C。
C
The world’s animal populations have decreased by more than two - thirds since 1970, according to a recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The London group provided information on 32, 000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation(开发) of the environment, pollution, and climate change were great causes of the loss. Land- use change is still the biggest threat (威胁) to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “if we cannot limit warming to 1.5°C, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity(生物多样性) loss in the coming years.”
Wildlife populations in Latin American and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.
These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species’ population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem’s (生态系统) ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive farmland and fisheries to thrive(蓬勃发展), but the current trends are severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.
Our future depends on reversing(扭转) the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can’t solve one without solving the other. Everyone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
38. What is the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently?
A. Illegal hunting. B. Global warming.
C. Land- use change. D. Environmental pollution.
39. How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing figures. B. By analyzing the causes.
C. By making a comparison. D. By referring to a concept.
40. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A. Climate change threatens many wild animals.
B. Farmland is the basis of life- sustaining systems.
C. Extreme weather events have become more frequent.
D. Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.
41. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.
B. To call on people to take action to protect nature.
C. To present the increasing trend of climate change.
D. To show people’s efforts in making up for the loss of nature.
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Land- use change is still the biggest threat (威胁) to wildlife. (土地利用变化仍然是野生动物面临的最大威胁。)”可知，最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016. (研究显示，50多年来，这些地区的人口下降了94%。河流和湖泊栖息地的野生动物数量减少最多。自1970年以来，淡水种群平均减少了83%。例如，从1994年到2016年，巴西亚马孙河地区的粉红河海豚数量下降了65%。)”可推断，作者通过列出数字解释第三段中淡水野生动物的减少。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Even one species’ population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem’s (生态系统) ability to function. (即使一个物种的数量减少也会影响到其他物种，最终影响到生态系统的运作能力。)”可知，物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everyone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend. (从个人到公司再到政府，每个人都有责任扭转这些趋势。如果没有任何改变，动物数量无疑将继续下降，导致野生动物灭绝，并威胁到我们赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。)”及全文可推断，本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护自然。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you have been exposed to a natural disaster (for example, a tornado or hurricane), it is very important to learn ways of coping with natural disasters and their impact (巨大影响). Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk.____42____Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (扰乱) coping efforts. Despite the effects of natural disasters, there are steps you can take to cope.
____43____Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster.
Try to establish a schedule.____44____A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of control. Coming up with a daily, structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability(可预测性) and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.____45____A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. If you hold them in, they may only grow stronger in intensity.
Practice healthy coping strategies. Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions.____46____Alcohol use, excessive sleep, or seeking comfort in food may be effective short- term strategies for managing emotional distress. However, in the long- term, these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase.
A. Seek out and connect with social support.
B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C. For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning.
D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.
E. Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions.
F. Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions.
G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. E 46. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每个人在生活中都有可能面临突如其来的自然灾害，当这样的灾难真的来临的时候，人们肯定会有压力、恐惧等各种不适的情绪。文章告诉人们如何来处理这种不适的感觉。
【42题详解】
根据后句“Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (扰乱) coping efforts.(与其他创伤性事件不同，自然灾害也会导致财产和经济损失的破坏，进一步影响你的压力水平，破坏你的应对努力。)”可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。所以选择项D“Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.(自然灾害会带来高度的压力、焦虑和愤怒。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【43题详解】
根据后句“Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. (人们一次又一次地发现，来自他人的支持是帮助人们克服创伤性事件负面影响的主要因素。)”可知，要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。所以选择项A“Seek out and connect with social support. (寻找并联系社会支持。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【44题详解】
根据前句“Try to establish a schedule. (试着建立一个时间表。)”可知，要制订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。所以选择项C“For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning. (例如，固定吃饭时间，或者早上起床时间。)”举例子说明要建立时间表，符合上下文语境。故选C。
【45题详解】
根据前句“Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. (谈谈自然灾害的影响。)”可知，通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。所以选择项E“Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions. (与他人分享你的感受，或者找到一些方式来表达你的情绪。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【46题详解】
根据前句“Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. (自然灾害之后，你会经历一系列强烈的负面情绪。)”可知，当在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感体验后，一定要会用健康的方法去调整这样的情感。所以选择项F“Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions. (因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，28分)
第一节(共3小题;第47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共8分)
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。
Good morning... I hope you all are doing well in your studies and if there is a problem related to your studies, please feel free to come to my office. Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject. As a Principal of this school, I try not only to make my children perform well in studies, but also to enlighten them on subjects which are very much concerned about mankind.
World Heritage has been described as the common wealth of mankind. This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations. Undoubtedly, heritage sites should be preserved and protected. They are invaluable wealth for mankind. The date of the holding of World Heritage Day is April 18 and it was first started in the year 1982.
I am speaking from my personal experience and I am sure every one of you must have noticed at some point. Regarding the fact that many people have developed irresponsible (negligent) attitude towards our national heritage. This is the reason that heritage buildings are often found damaged. However, it is due to the continuous repair work of such sites by the government that our nation is still able to keep its beauty, if not in its entirety, but at least to an extent it attracts millions of tourists a year.
World Heritage Day is actually a day for every concerned citizen of a country to feel proud of the great cultural property of its nation. At last, I want to say in many ways, we can contribute towards the maintenance (维持) of world heritage sites so that their beauty does not minimize and they remain the center of attraction for people all over the world.
Please consider what you can do to maintain the beauty of the world heritage. Let’s do our best!
47. Why does the speaker make this speech?
________________
48. What does the World Heritage Day remind us according to the speaker?
________________
49. What can you do to contribute towards the maintenance of world heritage sites?
________________
【答案】47. To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.
48. World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.
49. I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿。作者在世界遗产日来临前为学生们做的有关保护遗产的演讲，呼吁从我做起，保护遗产。
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject.(今天，我和所有的老师决定召集所有的孩子参加世界遗产日的演讲。因为这一天即将到来，我想给我的孩子们这个主题的知识。)”可知，演讲者做这个演讲是为了宣传有关世界遗产日的知识给孩子们，故答案为To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.。
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段的“This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations.(这一天是对我们丰富的文化历史的极好的提醒，保护我们的遗产是我们的责任，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。)”可知，世界遗产日提醒我们我们拥有丰富的文化历史，保护这些遗产是我们的责任，故答案为World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.。
【49题详解】
本题是开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.
第二节(20分)
50. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。为了帮助学生更好地学习英语，下周你班要在线上开展一次关于英语学习的交流活动，请你用英语给你的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加并就“How to be polite in English”这一话题给出一些建议，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2活动安排；
3.注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
In order to help students learn English better, our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week. I’m writing to invite you to take part in it. Our classmates seem to be confusing about how to be polite in English. Would you please give us some suggestions on it?
The activity will be held at 8:00 on Tuesday and last about an hour. Considering there are some differences between Chinese and English culture, we could have a 10-minute question and answer session. Besides, for better interaction, we prepare some relative questions beforehand.
I’d appreciate it if you could give us an early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给你的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你班要在线上开展的关于英语学习的交流活动，并就“How to be polite in English”这一话题给出一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
相关的：relative→related
参加：take part in→participate in
建议：suggestion→advice/tips/hints
此外：besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to help students learn English better, our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week.
拓展句：Our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week so that this can help students learn English better.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our classmates seem to be confusing about how to be polite in English.)运用了疑问词+不定式作宾语)