中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---非谓语动词

这是一份中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---非谓语动词，共17页。试卷主要包含了 动词不定式的构成，动词不定式的用法，动词不定式与分词做宾补的区别，动名词与现在分词的区别等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考一轮复习语法必考点---非谓语动词
精讲

一．动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的构成形式为：to+动词原形，
to为不定式符号，本身无实义，有时可省略，
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，
在句中不能做谓语，但可做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾补和状语
（初中阶段要求掌握动词不定式做宾语、宾补和目的状语）。

2.动词不定式的用法
1）做主语：
2）做表语：
To protect nature is to help ourselves,or we will be punished.
保护自然就是帮助我们自己，否则我们将受到惩罚。
3）做定语：
Waste sorting is a wonderful way to make good use of energy and protect the environment. 垃圾分类是种很好的利用能源和保护环境的方法。
4）做宾语：谓语动词＋to+动词原形
I wanted to see the Beijing Opera,so Lingling offered to take me to watch an opera.
我想看京剧，所以玲玲主动提出带我去看一场京剧。
5）做宾补：谓语动词＋sb. +(not)to+动词原形
Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class.
我们英语老师想让我们课后读英语故事。
6）做状语：
Many people are glad to give their opinions.
许多人乐于发表自己的意见。【表原因】
The govenment is setting up nature parks to help protect pandas.
政府正在建立自然公园以帮助保护大熊猫。【表目的】

拓展：
（1） 后可接动词不定式做宾语的常考动词：
两个要求（demand/ask)两答应（agree/promise),
三个希望（hope/wish/expect)莫拒绝（refuse),
不要假装（pretend)在安排（arrange),
做出选择（choose)和决定（decide),
学会（learn)计划（plan)没负担（afford),
想要（want)设法（manage)都供应（offer),
千万不要怕失败（fail)

（2） 后可接动词不定式做宾补的常考动词：
建议（advise)鼓励（encourage)命令（order)允许（allow)警告（warn)教（teach)
要求（ask)告诉（tell)邀请（invite)
（3） 后接动词不定式做宾补时可省略to的动词:
一感（feel)、二听（hear/listen to)、三让（let/have/make)、四看（sce/look/watch/observe)、
半帮助（help）

(4) 英语中，动词不定式（短语）做主语／宾语时，常用it做形式主语／宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后置，做真正的主语／宾语。
如：① It's our duty to keep our city clean and beautiful.
保持城市清洁和美丽是我们的责任。
【It做形式主语，动词不定式短语做真正的主语】
②For example,make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch.
例如，养成在早餐和午餐时间阅读的习惯。
【it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语】

(5) and、or、except、but或than等连接两个并列的动词不定式时，第二个不定式常省略to.
如：She wanted to be a nurse and help people.
她想成为一名护士，帮助人们。

二．动名词
1.动名词的构成：
动名词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ing,
其否定式是在动名词之前加否定词not.
动名词除具有动词性质外，还具有名词性质。

2. 动名词的用法:
(1)做主语:
Learning English well is very important. 学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)做表语：
Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
(3)做宾语：
I enjoy talking with my classmates on my way to school.
我喜欢在上学的路上和同学交谈。
(4)做定语：
A beautiful swimming pool lies behind the grassland. 草地后面有一个美丽的游泳池。

拓展：
（1） 后可接动名词做宾语的常考动词：
喜欢（enjoy)想象（imagine),坚持（keep)完成（finish)练习（practice),考虑（consider)建议（advise/suggest)和介意（mind),避免（avoid)冒险（risk)
（2） 英语中，动词不能做主语，但动名词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）可以，其区别在于：
动名词（短语）做主语多用于广泛意义的行为，
而动词不定式（短语）多用于具体的行为，
通常，动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；
而并列的动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式

三． 分词
1 分词的构成：
分词主要包括两种：现在分词和过去分词，
现在分词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ing,有“主动、进行”之意：
过去分词的构成形式为：动词原形＋ed,有“被动、完成”之意。

2.分词的用法：
（1)做定语：
Who's the boy in white T-shirt standing under the tree?
站在树下的那个穿白色T恤的男孩是谁？
To protect elephants,we must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory.
为保护大象，我们必须拯救树木，而且绝不买象牙制品。
(2)做状语:
“Greenhouse”gas keeps heat,causing our planet to warm up.
“温室”气体会保存热量，使我们的地球变暖。
Compared with his house,mine is larger and cheaper.
与他的房子相比，我的房子更大而且更便宜。
(3)做表语:
Football is so exciting that millions of people in the world play it.
足球如此令人兴奋，以至于世界上有数百万人踢足球。
Everyone was excited when they heard the exciting news.
当听到这个激动人心的消息时，每个人都很兴奋。
(4)做宾补:
I found a letter lying on the floor when I came into the classroom.
当我走进教室时，我发现地板上有一封信。
He wants to have his TV repaired.
他想找人把电视修好。

3.动词不定式与分词做宾补的区别
不定式
宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主动关系
强调动作的整个过程或即将开始
see sb.do sth. 看见某人做了某事
ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
现在分词
强调动作正在进行
have/keep sb. /sth.doing sth. 让某人／物一直做某事
过去分词
宾语与宾补在逻辑上是被动关系
强调动作已经完成

have sth.done 让某事被别人做


4.动名词与现在分词的区别
用法
动名词
现在分词

做定语
表示被修饰词的用途、目的，置于所修饰词之前，不存在逻辑上的主谓／动宾关系
表示正在进行或主动的动作，被修饰词是其逻辑主语，可转化为定语从句
Take more than enough water,food,and sleeping bags. 带上充足的水，食物和睡袋。【动名词】
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school.
=Alice Lee is a high school student who is studying at a private school 爱丽丝·李是一名高中生，她在一所私立学校上学。【现在分词】
做表语

相当于名词，主语和表语可互换位置
相当于形容词，主语和表语不可互换位置
My hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is myhobby. 我的爱好是集邮。【动名词】
I think the courses are very interesting. 我认为这些课程很有趣。【现在分词】
提问方式
用what提问

用how提问，答语可用 so/very/too等副词修饰
-What are the two speakers talking about?两位说话者在谈论什么？
－Visiting a museum. 参观博物馆。【动名词】
-How was Sam's school trip?山姆的学校之旅如何？
－Interesting. 有趣的。【现在分词】

拓展：
（1） 有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、’s/s’所有格、some/much/a lot等修饰的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。
如：The liule boy finished his painting all by himself. 这个小男孩独自完成了他的绘画。（2）祈使句中的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。
如：No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
（3）介词（短语）后的“动词原形＋ing”必是动名词。
如：Instead of letting people guess,tell them the truth.
告诉人们真相，而不是让他们猜测。
（4）可构成复合形容词的“动词原形＋ing”必是现在分词。
如：Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school.
陆是一个勤奋的女孩，在学校总是名列前茅。

四．非谓语动词的常考固定搭配
1.动词不定式的常考固定搭配
1)疑问词＋to do
2)try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
3)be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
4)too+形容词／副词＋to do sth. 太·······而不能做某事
5)形容词／副词＋enough to do sth. 足够 . . . .做某事
6)would like to do sth. 想要做某事（简略形式为’d like)
7)Would you like to do sth. ?你想做某事吗？
8)had better(not)do sth. 最好（不）做某事（简略形式为’d better)
9)let sb. (not)do sth. 让某人（不要）做某事
10)Why not do sth. ?为什么不做某事呢？
11)would rather do sth. (than do sth. )宁愿做某事（而不做某事）

拓展：
（1） “疑问词＋to do”做宾语
常可转化为宾语从句，
如：Suzy didn't know when to take a boat trip on the lake.
= Suzy didn't know when she would take a boat trip on the lake.
苏西不知道什么时候去乘船游湖。
（2）省略to的不定式结构
8)~11)为省略to的不定式结构，而7)~10)为提建议的句型，除考查动词不定式外，还会涉及答语的考查。
常用的肯定回答：OK!/All right!/Good idea/Sounds great. /I'd like to. . .
常用的否定回答：Sorry,I. . /I'm afraid not./I'd like to,but. . .

2.动名词的常考固定搭配
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
have (no) fun/trouble/difficulty + (in) doing sth. 做某事（没）有乐趣／麻烦／困难
How/What about+doing sth. ?做某事怎么样？
stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
make a contribution/contributions to doingsth. 为做某事做出贡献
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
thank sb.for doing sth. 为·····感谢某人

3.分词的常考固定搭配
现在分词：
see/watch sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
notice sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
keep/get sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事

过去分词：
see/watch sth.done 看到某事被（某人）做
notice sth.done 注意到某事被（某人）做
have/keep/get sth.done. 让某事被（某人）做

4. 动词后接不定式与动名词的区别
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

regret to do sth. 对将来要做的事感到遗憾
regret doing sth. 对已发生的事感到后悔

stop to do sth. 停止现在做的事，去做别的事
stop doing sth. 停止现在正在做的事

continue to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做别的事
continue doing sth. 做一件事中断后，再继续做这件事

try to do sth. 设法做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事

mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

need to do sth.需要去做某事
need doing sth. 某事需要做

拓展：
既可接不定式也可接动名词的常考动词：
爱（like/love/prefer)憎（hate)分明再开始（begin/start),
停止（stop)后悔（regret)莫忘记（forget),
继续（continue)努力（try)有打算（mean),
需要（need)谨记（remember)这些词



精练
一．完成句子
1.我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。
I want______________to join our club.
2. My parents often tell me not_______________（eat) too much junk food because it's bad for my health.
3.The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.(同义句转换）
The box is________heavy for me________carry.

4.我们应该思考怎么把中国文化介绍给全世界。
We should think about__________introduce Chinese culture to the world.
5. Don't pour the_________（pollute) water everywhere or you'll be punished.

二．单项选择
1. It's necessary for you_______the classroom clean,class.
A.keep B.keeping C.to keep
2. When you move somewhere new,the first thing for you is to find a place_______
A.to live B.living in C.to live in
3. I can't tell you what she said. I've promised________it a secret.
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept
4. Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor,was always expecting______an Oscar and finally he made it.
A.to win B.winning C.not to win D.not winning
5. She said she hoped______her daughter.
A.to see B.you to see C.seeing
6. -What are you going to do when you grow up?
－A singer, but my parents wish me _______a teacher.
A. am B.to be C.will be D.be
7. We only planned_______the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watched
8. -Some children can't afford_______necessary stationery.
－Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought
9. The little boy pretended ______when his mother came in.
A.sleeping B.asleep C.to asleep D.to be asleep
10. -Do you have any plans for the coming vacations?
－Sure. We decide_______Sansha in July.
A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit
11. Vivian refuses______her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes.
A.to send B.sending C.sent D.sends
12. At times,parents find it difficult_____with their teenage children.
A.talk B.talked C.talking D.to talk
13. -You'd better advise him______anything out of the window while driving.
－I will. He has to know it's dangerous.
A.not throwing B.no throwing C.not to throw D.don't throw
14. Our country encourages more students______football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.
A.play B.playing C.to play D.will play
15. The headmaster warns us_______the school rules, or we'll be punished.
A.to break B. not to break C.breaking D.don't break
16. For more than once, our head teacher asks us ______the habit of keeping a diary.
A.develop B.develops C.developing D.to develop
17. Our teacher often tells us_______time.
A.not waste B.don't waste C.not to waste D.doesn't waste
18. The boss asked Tim to go and______out if there was anyone else absent.
A.find B.finding C.to find D.found
19. My friend invited me______the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.
A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining
20. I saw Tom______his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.
A.put B.putting C.puts D.to put
21. Paul made a nice cage______the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
22. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time_____her words on paper.
A.put B.putting C.to put D.puts
23. -We're going to see a movie. Would you like to join us?
－Sorry, I have too much homework_______.
A. will do B.need do C.do D.to do
24. Sleeping is a popular way________among students.
A.relax B.relaxed C.relaxing D.to relax
25. -I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
－I haven't decided where_______.
A. go B.went C.going D.to go
26. Students should learn how______problems.
A. solve B.solving C.can solve D.to solve
27. -______go out for a picnic next Saturday.
－Good idea.
A. Why not B. How about C. Would you like D. Let's
28. -Would you like______camping with me?
－I'd like to. But I'm busy _______ my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going;doing
29. You look too tired.Why not_______a rest?
A.stop to have B. to stop having C.stop having
30. -Bob, I'm not good at English. What should I do?
－Why not______an English club to practice_______English?
A. to joining; speaking B.join; to speak C. to join; to speak D.join; speaking
31. -Are you going swimming this afternoon?
－I'd rather______with you.
A. to go shopping B.go shoping C. to go shoping D.go shopping
32. The research he devotes himself______the farmers have a better harvest is very important.
A.helping B.to help C.help D.helped
33. -Would you mind______in the dining hall?
--Of course not.
A. not to smoke B.not smoking C.smoke D.not smoke
34. -It's too hot. Would you mind my_______the window?
--__________. Do it as you like, please.
A.to open; OK B.opening; Certainly not C.opening; Of course D. open; Good idea
35. The retired couple enjoy ______photos. They always go out with their cameras.
A.take B.took C.to take D.taking
36. -I like the dress, but I'm______I haven't got enough money.
－Don't worry. I don't mind _＿you some if you like.
A. afraid;lending B.glad; lending C.afraid; to lend D.glad; to lend
37._______honest is the first thing people should learn.
A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become
38. We feel like______some food and drink because we'll invite some friends______in a party.
A.buying; to join B.to buy;joining C.buying;join
39. -I'm looking forward to _______ my parents soon. What aboutyou?
－Me too.
A. Seeing B.see C.saw
40. Last weekend,the Greens had great fun______at Water World.
A.swimming B.cooking C.hiking
41. Tina is busy______at school,but she never forgets______her mother every day.
A. work; to call B.working; to call C.working; calling
42. -What could I get my father for Father's Day?
--_________getting him a tie?
A. Why not B. How about C. Why don't you
43. A nurse______Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother_____away.
A. naming; is B.naming;will be C.named; is D.named;will be
44. He often drinks two cups of_______water when he comes back.
A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils
45. -I didn't hear you come in just now.
－That's good. I tried_______the baby up.
A.to wake B.not to wake C.waking
46. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs______＿it every day.
A.practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking
47. Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs______so that it can be reused.
A. to destroy B.destroying C.to collect D.collecting
48. -Jack,remember______off the lights when_____the home.
－OK, I won't forget, mom.
A. turning;leaving B. to turn; leave C.turning;left D. to turn;leaving
49. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, you'd better try different ways you can think of________words and expressions.
A. remember B.to remember C.remembering
50. -Have you read the book Jane Eyre?
－Yes. It's a famous book and really worth________.
A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.read






参考答案：
一．
1. to invite him 2.to eat 3.too;to 4.how to 5.polluted

二．
1-5CCBAA 6-10BCCDD 11-15ADCCB 16-20DCABA 21-25DCDDD 26-30DDBAD 31-35DBBBD 36-40AAAAA 41-45BBCCB 46-50BDDBB