高中英语2024届高考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解
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名词性从句知识讲解
一、与定语从句区别
它们的性质不同，一个是名词，而另一个是形容词性。名词性从句是独立的，而定语从句必须要依附先行词（相当于寄身虫）。有时名词性从句可以转换成定语从句（必须加先行词）。比如：What he said = The things that he said
二、构成
构成一个名词性从句就像是对一个陈述句进行特殊疑问句的提问，只不过不颠倒语序，如：
He said something.
What he said （名词性从句）
What did he say? (特殊疑问句)
三、分类
（一）根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。
（二）根据引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1.连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）
2.连接代词：who, what, which, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever
3.连接副词：where, when, why, how (how much, how long…), wherever, whenever, however
1.主语从句
【例句】
1.That prices will go up is certain.= It is certain that prices will go up.
2.How you travel means the difference between success and failure.
3.Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
4.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.
5.What surprised us is that he lost in the game.
6.What he left us was a large sum of money.
7.When he will be back depends on the weather.
8.Where we live doesn’t matter.
9.How the pyramids were built was still a mystery.
10.Watever he did is right.
11.Whoever comes will be welcome.
12.Whichever you want is yours.
【注意点】
That引导的主语从句中，that不能省略。
主语从句可以用it来做形式主语，然后把从句放在主句之后，使句子更平衡。如例句第1,3,4,8,9.
【主谓一致】
1.只有一套主谓结构的主语从句，谓语用单数
How and when language began is a mystery.
2.含有两套主谓结构并列出现于主语从句时，用复数
How he’s got the car and whether it is neware not known yet.
what引导的主语从句，谓语随表语变
What you need is more practice.
What you need are the books on the desk.
2.宾语从句
★动词+ 宾语从句
We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.
Tell me why you don’t like school.
★介词+ 宾语从句
Don’t ask about what the meeting is for.
Our success depends on/upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
注意：介词后不用跟that引导的宾语从句，如要跟，必须加形式宾语it
Please see to it that you finish the work in time.
I’m sure (of it) that they won the game.
★形容词+ 宾语从句
We are certain that this is true.
I’m afraid that I can’t help you.
He wasn’t sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.
★动词+ it +从句（it没有任何意义）
I heard it that he had gone abroad.
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
I appreciated it very much that he had done me a favor.
★主语 + 谓语 + 形式宾语it + 宾补 +宾语从句, 常见动词有think, feel, find, make, consider, suppose
I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.
They kept it quiet that he was dead.
注意点
1
that引导的宾语从句中，that可被省略
2
demand, insist,order, request, require, suggest在主句中，
宾语从句要用虚拟语气
I suggest that all the students(should) be present.
3
think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，要将否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定形式
I don’t think he can do better than me.
3.表语从句
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。
1.The reason was that he didn’t work hard.
2.New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.
3.That’s what makes him an excellent conductor.
4.That is why he turned me down.
5.The book is where you left it.
6.This is where you are wrong.
7.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
注意点
1
that引导表语从句时that不能省略
2
若主句中有诸如demand, insist, order, request, require, suggest的词或其名词形式，表语从句要使用虚拟语气
His suggestion is that we should arrive here ten minutes earlier.
3
表原因可说
That’s why …
That’s because …
The reason is that …
4.同位语从句
（1）与先行词同位或同等的从句称为同位语从句，具体说明先行词的内容。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句usage and example
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导
1.He accepted the fact that she would never come back.
2.She came to the conclusion that she must act at once.
3.I have no doubt that you were telling the truth.
4.Do you have any ideas where we can get cheaper secondhand car?
5.Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.
（2）注意点
☆同位语前的先行词通常为news, fact, doubt, conclusion, hope, decision, belief, promise, truth, report, idea, possibility, opinion, proof, message, impression, evidence, feeling, thought, story, order等等
☆用正常的陈述语气
☆有时与前面的先行词分开
Word came that the enemies had got to he foot of the mountain.
His dream came true that he would become a world famous footballer.
★同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句中that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，定语从句中that是关系代词，除了连接主句与从句外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语
This is the truth that he told me.定语从句
This is the truth that he is the right man for the job.同位语从句
同位语从句中先行词去掉后不影响句子的理解；而定语从句先行词不能去掉。
I believe the fact that he was honest.
= I believe that he was honest.
I believe the fact he thought to be true.
I believe he thought to be true,
同位语从句中先行词是表示抽象概念的词，而定语从句中的先行词可以是表抽象或具体概念的词
同位语从句中的that不能省略，而定语从句中的that在从句中作宾语时可省略
四、注意点
1.It引导主语从句和As引导定语从句区别
这两种形式主要区别在于as结构有标点符号“，”号，而It和that连用，比较下面两个句子：
As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
It is known to all that the earth moves around the sun.
2.Whatever, whichever的形容词的用法
Read whichever book you find interesting.
Whatever clothes you wear are very suitable.
副词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导让步状语从句
Whatever ( = no matter what ) your problems are, they can’t be worse than mine.
Whoever ( = no matter who ) laughs at you, I will stand by you.
Whichever ( =no matter which ) you may take, I’m not interested in it.
Compare: 名词性从句中不能用no matter wh- 转化wh-ever
Whoever says so is a liar.
Whoever may say so, it is a lie.
He cares about whatever she says.Whatever she says, he cares about it.
3.that的省略情况
that在单个的宾语从句可省略。特别注意的是主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和并列的宾语从句第二个that开始都不能省。
4.whether和if 区别
这一点其实不用记，如果要分辨whether和if的名词性从句时，都选whether
(1).whether可引导宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句，而if只引导宾语从句。
(2).在宾语从句中whether可与or (not)与连用，而if不能
(3).whether可与to do连用，而if不能
(4).whether可用在介词之后，而if不能
5.Whether和that用法区别
whether引导的名词性从句通常是不确定的的信息，而that是确定的信息，比如：
We haven’t decided whether we will go there.
We have decided that we will/won't go there.
There is no doubt that he will come.
There is doubt whether he will come.
I don’t know whether you are right or not.
I know that you are right.
