新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题4三大从句与特殊句式第1讲定语从句课件

这是一份新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题4三大从句与特殊句式第1讲定语从句课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了第一讲　定语从句，考点分层演练，whichthat，who，whothat，whom，that，that ，which，whose等内容，欢迎下载使用。

定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
Xia Meng is a girl wh/that① lves reading and she is als a girl wh/whm/that② teachers ften praise. Bks that/which③ talk abut lve r adventures are her favrite. Jurney t the West is the first bk that④ Xia Meng has read，and it is the best nvel that④ she has read. Everything that④ appears in the nvel is interesting and bth peple and mnsters that④ are described in it make her fascinated.
一　　that/which/wh/whm
①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，wh引导。②关系词指人作宾语，可以用that, wh，whm 引导。③关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that, which引导。④关系词指物由形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或者关系词是某些不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。
1．that/which/wh/whm在句子里充当主语或宾语，这些关系词叫关系代词。在上面的短文中的限制性定语从句中，that 出现频率最高。既可以作主语，也可以作宾语，既可以指人，也可以指物。2．此外指物时只用that 不用which的情况的口诀：very、nly序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行词指物被the very、the nly、序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，或者先行词既包括人也包括物时，或者先行词指物是某些不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。
This is the very bk that I have been lking fr fr several days.这正是我找了好几天的那本书。Is there anything that yu want t say abut this matter?关于这件事你想说什么呢？
3．定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。I still remember the peple in the remte village wh were friendly t me.我仍然记得那些住在边远地区对我很友好的乡亲们。The students wh are interested in the activity shuld sign up fr it in advance.对这次活动感兴趣的同学们要提前报名。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) David had a brain disease ___________________ prevented him frm walking r running like ther children.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Prducing fd _________________ n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it.③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) I lked arund and finally sptted David, ______ was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence.④(2022·全国甲卷) It is hard t name a cmedy star ___________ hasn't been n the stage here.
⑤(2022·浙江卷) She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f _______ were frm Sweden. ⑥This is the third apple _______ she has eaten in the afternn.⑦This is the nly/very thing ___________ I can d t slve the tricky prblem.⑧That's all _______ I knw abut the yung man living next dr.⑨When they met again，the tw friends talked abut lts f things and persns _______ they culd remember in the schl.⑩This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
As① we all knw/As① is knwn t all，Li Hua is a student whse② name is ften seen in English examinatins.But this year he didn't make us write cmpsitins fr him，which③ made many students sad. Hw we miss the by fr whm④ we have written many cmpsitins and we have prepared many situatins in which④ he can't write articles himself.
二　　as/which/whse
①位于句首，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用as引导定语从句。②在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系“……的”，用关系代词whse。③用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that。④当介词提到关系代词之前时，若先行词指物，则关系词只能用which；若先行词指人，则关系词只能用whm；若在从句中作定语，则用whse。
1．whse既可以指人，又可以指物，在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格。即 whse 前的先行词和whse之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whse前后名，后名属前名。This is the girl whse name is Li Mei.这就是那个叫李梅的女孩。He lives in a huse whse windws face the nrth.他住在窗户朝北的房子里。
2．只用which/whm而不用that的情况。用在非限制性定语从句中或者动词短语中的介词提到关系代词之前，充当其宾语时。注意：which既可以指某一个名词，也可以指前面的整个句子。This is the cmpany in which my father nce wrked.这就是我父亲曾经在里面工作的公司。There was n persn t whm she culd turn fr help in the dark street.在黑漆漆的街上没有她可以求助的人。
3．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
4．常用as 的结构：as anybdy can see，as we all knw，as we expected，as is reprted，as has been annunced，as is ften the case，as引导的非限制性定语从句常常位于句首也可位于句中和句后。As was expected，he came late again.正如我们所预料的那样，他又迟到了。As anybdy can see，the elephant is like a snake.正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。
即时训练　 单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷)At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, ________ will g t schl sprts.②(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in ________ theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyne else have the pprtunity (机会) t d creative things.③(2022·全国乙卷)S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children ________ shes were held tgether with string was a surprise.
④He is wrking hard，________ will make him pass the final exam.⑤_____ is knwn t all，there are 7 cntinents n the earth.⑥_____ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each ther by tuching nses, but this is nt a plite way f greeting in ther cultures.
Xia Ming still remembers the day when① he was seriusly punished by his father.The reasn why② he was punished was that he played cellphne games fr a whle weekend.His father brught him t a rm where③ there was n thers.After putting the cellphne int a basin which/that④ was full f water，he tld Xia Ming abut the days that/which④ he spent earning schl fees by ding part-time jbs in a restaurant.This was the reasn that/which④ his father tld him nt t play cellphnes.
三　　when/where/why
①先行词表示时间，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when。②先行词表示原因，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词why。③先行词表示地点，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where。④先行词虽然表示地点、时间或原因，但是从句缺主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。
1．关系副词与关系代词的选择从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。
(1)The factry _________ he nce wrked is clsed nw.wrk与factry不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，wrk in the factry。因此可推知wrk为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用in which (which代替先行词the factry)。(2)The factry _________ he set up last year is perating well.该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factry，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
2．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situatin，case，stage，pint等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。3．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定I bught a great many bks，n which I spent all my mney that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。
(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体被称为氧气。
4．当the way 作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语、表语还是作状语，用that一定正确。I dn' t like the way that/in which he speaks t me.(关系词作方式状语)They are lking fr a way that/which is the mst suitable fr the prblem. (关系词作主语)
单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷) Every weekend this is “Wales” premier cmedy club ________ having a great time is the rder fr bth audiences and cmedy stars alike. ②(2022·浙江卷) The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, ________ Watt perfected “the machine that changed the wrld”. ③I still remember the day _______ I first came t Beijing.④The reasn ______ he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
⑤Yu may think f giving up study, in ________ case just think it ver befre making the decisin. ⑥(2021·3月天津)William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes _______ which we can learn withut repeating them.
定语从句解题三步走第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语、宾语、表语或定语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)。第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
层级一　基础达标练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The ld man turned his business ver t his yunger sn，________ made his elder sn discuraged.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语。故填which。
2．I will never frget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhd with my grandparents.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。故填where。3．There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry，______ had als vlunteered t help.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是peple，从句缺少主语。故填wh。
4．There are many gd websites ________ yu can check ut the latest in the science wrld.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为：yu can check ut the latest in the science wrld n the websites，由此可知，先行词在定语从句中与介词n一起作地点状语。故填where。5．The system, ________ can be the mst advanced in many ways，will be the largest earthquake bservatin netwrk in the wrld.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the system，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
6．He decided t g t Stanfrd because there were many pprtunities fr peple ___________ wanted t wrk in Silicn Valley.解析：考查定语从句。peple为先行词，从句中缺主语。故填wh/that。7．His interest started a few years ag，_______ he was in cllege and studying wildlife science.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为a few years ag，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
8．Then Needham began his lifelng research，________ ended up creating the greatest wrk—Science and Civilisatin in China.解析：考查定语从句。根据设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为his lifelng research，将先行词代入定语从句后为：his lifelng research ended up creating the greatest wrk—Science and Civilisatin in China，由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物。故填which。
9．This wman has set a gd example t her sn，______ is a really lucky guy.解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词为her sn，并在从句中作主语。故填wh。10．Over the years，I have met sme interesting peple.Tw f the mst interesting peple were tw elderly sisters，Jan and Bernice，________ way f talking abut peple inspired me.解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词为Jan and Bernice。故填whse。
11．(2022·云南一模)The China-Las Railway, ________ cnnects Kunming in suthwest China's Yunnan Prvince with the Latian capital, Vientiane, started peratin n Dec. 3,2021.解析：考查定语从句。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Las Railway，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
12．(2022·河南模拟预测)The 2014 Schi Olympics used 80% artificial snw, ________ later rse t 90% at the 2018 Pyengchang Winter Olympics.解析：考查定语从句。句意：2014年索契冬奥会使用了80%的人工雪，后来在2018年平昌冬奥会上，人工雪的使用率上升到90%。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为artificial snw，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
13．(2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模)She was used t her previus wrk envirnment ________ the team leader and manager tk cntrl and made decisins.解析：考查定语从句。句意：她已经习惯了以前的工作环境，在那里，团队领导和经理负责并做出决定。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为wrk envirnment，在从句中作地点状语，因而用where引导。故填where。
14．(2022·河南许昌市二模)Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-bdy “shell” made ut f ice, ________ was inspired by bingtanghulu—a traditinal Beijing street snack, accrding t Ca Xue, the designer f the masct. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：据吉祥物设计师曹雪介绍，“冰墩墩”全身裹着一个冰“壳”，灵感来自北京传统街头小吃冰糖葫芦。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a full-bdy “shell”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
15．(2022·河北邯郸市一模)Stacey Abrams, ______ served in the Huse f Representatives in Gergia frm 2007 t 2017, is a plitician, lawyer and vting rights activist.解析：考查定语从句。句意：Stacey Abrams从2007年到2017年担任佐治亚州众议院议员，是一名政治家、律师和投票权活动人士。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Stacey Abrams，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用wh引导。故填wh。
层级二　高考真题练单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：该计划(GPNP)旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100 kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ______ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1 100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
3．(2022·浙江卷)Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ___________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且空处关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词引导定语从句。故填that/wh。
4．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I decided that if I learned f a cmpany _____________ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，________ used a lt f plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a cmpany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
5．(2021·天津卷)William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm ________ we can learn withut repeating them.解析：考查定语从句。句意：William Hastie曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，从过去的错误中我们可以吸取教训而不重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为past mistakes，指物。此处定语从句由frm＋which组成的“介词＋关系代词”引导。故填which。
6．(2021·浙江1月高考)BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl _____________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后是定语从句，tl是先行词，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
7．(2021·3月天津)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.解析：考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是stands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
8．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almst lifelike.解析：考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且空处关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
9．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane，fr example，frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum _____________ pened in 1759.解析：考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
10．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter，________ really made me happy.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。11．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her gd intentins，I eat all the fd _______ is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.解析：考查定语从句。fd后是定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词又被all所修饰。故填that。
12．(2019·北京)The students benefiting mst frm cllege are thse ______ are ttally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage f the cllege's chances and resurces(资源)．解析：考查定语从句。________ are ttally engaged(参与) in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词thse，且空格处在从句中作主语，指代人。故填wh。
13．(2019·天津)Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where，相当于in which。故填where。14．(2019·全国Ⅲ)In the cafe，custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment _____________ is created fr them.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词为envirnment，指物。故填that/which。
15．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)One afternn _______ I was in primary schl，I was walking by the schl playgrund.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为One afternn，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
16．(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram _____________ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，空处关系词在从句中作主语，修饰a sil-testing prgram，先行词表示物。故填that/which。
17．(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners ___________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语，故用wh/that 引导定语从句。故填wh/that。
18．(2018·江苏卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line in the area，由此可知，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
19．(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)But Sarah，______ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels，wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语。故填wh。
20．(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Arund me in the picture are the things _________ were very imprtant in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，things是其后定语从句的先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
层级三　语篇提能练语法填空定语从句篇There was a time ________ I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn _______ my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl. When I first came t the club，___________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme. Frtunately，my guide，___________________ teacher was Yu Minhng，
cmmunicated with me face t face.He，frm ________ I gained sme useful instructins，als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities ______________we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide，_______ encuraged me t fall in lve with English. Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int _______ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep，I recall the passages，thrugh ________________ I can memrize a large number f new wrds.
6.that/which
_______ ur English teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
解析：1．考查定语从句。先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填when。2．考查定语从句。先行词是原因reasn，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填why。3．考查定语从句。先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语。故填where。4．考查定语从句。先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系。故填whse。
5．考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词frm可知用whm。故填whm。6．考查定语从句。定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。7．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语。故填wh。8．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填which。