2022-2023学年山西省朔州市怀仁重点中学高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年山西省朔州市怀仁重点中学高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年山西省朔州市怀仁重点中学高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共45.0分）
A
We're hosting a Review Blitz!We want reasonable review s in one month!These review s must be your honest opinions.Just remember to submit （提交） your review before August 23，2023.
Rules：
◇You must be a teen （aged 13-19）with a Teen Creativity account to enter.
◇Submissions must relate to the topic.
◇Each review must be written within 250 words.
◇There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit.
Guidelines：
◇Give a brief summary of the book.Don't explain the entire plot or tell your reader how the book ends.
◇Tell the reader what you like or dislike about the book.
◇Recommend the book to some certain readers.Is the book more suitable to older teens？Would science fiction fans be interested in this book？It's helpful for readers to think about the book in the context of other books they've read.
◇Remember that it's okay to have a strong opinion!Avoid starting sentences with "I think"， "I believe" or "In my opinion".
Prizes：
◇All participants will receive a certificate.
◇First prize winners will each have one review published in Teen Creativity magazine and get a free 6-month magazine subscription （订阅）.
◇Second prize winners will each get a free 3-month magazine subscription.
◇You'll receive these prizes before December 28，2023.
Submit your works to www.teencreativity.com.We hope reviewing books brings you joy.
1. What can we get from the rules of the competition？ ______
A. Any account can be used to enter.
B. A review should include 250 key words.
C. Works can be uploaded after Aug.23rd.
D. A person can upload more than one piece.
2. Which of the following should a review contain？ ______
A. The recommendation to all readers.
B. Sentences with "I think" and "I believe".
C. The clear attitude about the book.
D. A summary to explain the whole plots.
3. Who is this text intended for？ ______
A. Bookish teenagers. B. White-collar workers.
C. Teaching staff. D. Retired people.
B
Decades after landing on the Moon，people are looking to travel to another world — Mars.But why have humans not been to Mars yet？
The answer lies in the fact that a trip to Mars is extremely complicated.So far，nearly two-thirds of Mars missions have met with some failure or misfortune.And those are just robotic!It gets more crucial when it comes to sending people to Mars!Mars is about 150 times farther than the Moon，which means more added fuel，bigger capsules and bigger rockets.Those challenges make a trip to Mars different from landing on the Moon.
Since Mars is so far away and turns around the Sun at a different rate from Earth，scientists must time launches very precisely.Mission planners have to wait until the best opportunity when the planets are in the correct orbital alignment （排成直线）.The window for a successful launch opens up only every couple of years.While it may be possible to cut the travel time down to a month or two by using advanced technology，once on the surface of Mars，the astronauts will need to wait until Earth and Mars are correctly aligned again before returning.
There is another problem.How do the travelers guarantee the supply of enough oxygen，water and food？Growing plants that produce both food and oxygen is a good start.However，this means that should the plants die，things will go wrong.Astronauts could take food，water，and oxygen along，but enough supplies for the entire trip will add weight and size to the spacecraft.One possible solution might be to send materials to be used on Mars ahead，and let them wait until the humans get there.
Still，the plans are theoretical.Over the coming two decades，mission planners hope to close the gap between theory and reality.Maybe then，human can actually send astronauts to Mars on long-term missions of exploration.
4. What do we know about the previous visits to Mars？ ______
A. They all turned out to be a big failure.
B. They were all guided and managed by robots.
C. They showed it's difficult for humans to go there.
D. They proved it's popular to send humans there.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly talking about？ ______
A. The distance between Mars and Earth.
B. The traveling routines of Earth and Mars.
C. The effect of technology on journey to Mars.
D. The time of journeying between Earth and Mars.
6. How can humans get enough materials for survival on Mars？ ______
A. By sending them to Mars ahead of time.
B. By planting a variety of plants on Mars.
C. By carrying enough supplies for the trip.
D. By using the existing materials on Mars.
7. What is the author's attitude towards the trip to Mars？ ______
A. Unclear. B. Hopeful. C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful.
C
4 of the best films to watch this May
Hypnetic
A police detective，haunted by the disappearance of his daughter，is investigating a series of bank robberies when a mystery woman tells him about "hypnotics"（催眠）：people who have the power to make others believe and do anything they want by uttering a single sentence.
Released on 11 May in Australia，12 May in the US & 26 May in the UK
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3
It's been six years since Marvel's second Guardians of the Galaxy film came out.Star-Lord，Gamora，Rocket，Drax and their buddies are finally back for more interstellar adventures - and this time they're up against the High Evolutionary.
On general release from 5 May
The Little Mermaid
Another month，another live-action-and-CGI remake of a classic Disney cartoon.But this one is more distinctive than most，because a black actress，Halle Bailey，is playing the title character，who was white in the 1989 cartoon.Besides，the film's director，Rob Marshall argues that his version of The Little Mermaid is progressive in other ways，too.He said she and Prince Eric "really teach the world about prejudice and about breaking down barriers and walls between these two worlds."Also，there's a singing crab.
On general release from 24 May
Fast X
Yes，it's the tenth film in the unstoppable petrol head series，which started with indie （独立小公司的） thrillers about undercover cops and illegal street racers and now becomes global science-fiction blockbusters featuring some of Hollywood's biggest names.
On general release from 17 May
8. If you are interested in space adventures，which film will you choose to watch？ ______
A. Hypnotic. B. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3.
C. The Little Mermaid. D. Fast X.
9. What can we learn about The Little Mermaid？ ______
A. It is a remake of a classic Disney cartoon.
B. It has become a global science-fiction blockbuster.
C. It teaches people to judge others based on their race，religion，sex，etc.
D. A white actress is playing the title character，who was black in the 1989 cartoon.
10. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？ ______
A. Business. B. Society. C. Education. D. Entertainment.
D
On March 22，2021，the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution published a new map of undiscovered species.This new effort is of great importance for Walter Jetz，study co-author and professor at Yale University，US. "At the current pace of global environmental change，there is no doubt that many species will die out before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate，" Jetz said.
Less than a decade ago，Yale researchers mapped out the world's life.Now Yale researchers have launched a more ambitious project - creating a map where life has yet to be discovered，whose goal is to help support biodiversity discovery and preservation across the globe.According to the researchers， "Conservative estimates suggest only 13 to 18 percent of all living species have been identified，although this number could be as low as 1.5 percent." In the rapidly changing global environment，researchers are racing against time to discover the remaining species.
"Finding the missing pieces of the Earth's biodiversity puzzle is therefore crucial to improve biodiversity conservation worldwide，" explained lead author Mario Moura，a biologist at the Federal University of Paraiba in Brazil.The map of undiscovered life is based on a model estimating where unknown species likely exist today，based on environmental，biological and sociological factors.The most undiscovered vertebrates （脊椎动物）— potentially 25 percent of all future discoveries - are expected to live in Brazil，Colombia，Madagascar and Indonesia.Tropical forests in these countries need protection and we must stop deforestation（滥砍滥伐）rates to discover our biodiversity.
"It is a fascinating project that allows us to better know biodiversity patterns on the planet，Moura said.We hope to motivate citizen scientists and biodiversity enthusiasts about the importance of species discovery and ignite（点燃）discussions and agreements from those responsible for decision-making and conservation planning."
11. Why is the new map so important？ ______
A. It is of environment-friendly importance.
B. It will prevent most species dying out.
C. It helps improve biodiversity conservation only in some countries.
D. It helps support biodiversity discovery and preservation across the globe.
12. What may Yale researchers agree with？ ______
A. It is a race against time to discover the remaining species.
B. Only 13 to 18 percent of all living species have been identified.
C. Many species will go extinct after we have ever learned about them.
D. The new map is based on a model estimating where the world's species exist.
13. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Mapping the World's Life B. Mapping Hidden Animals
C. A New Map of Biodiversity D. Mapping Endangered Species
14. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph？ ______
A. The importance of species discovery.
B. The impact of deforestation on undiscovered species.
C. Scientists' new researches on biodiversity conservation.
D. The more specific things we can do to help species discovery.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共15.0分）
Do you have clothes in your wardrobe （衣柜） that you never wear？Do you keep things in your cupboards that you never use？Do you have books on your shelves that you never open？（ 1） ______ Is it difficult to find things when you need them？If the answer to these questions is yes，then you're not alone.Most of us have too much stuff.
（ 2） ______ They can feel stressed and they find it difficult to relax.This makes them unhappy.There is no doubt that too much stuff is bad for us and we have to change.
Now，imagine this bedroom：a white floor，a bed，a wardrobe and a desk and chair.That's all.It looks calm and relaxing.This is the minimalist （极简主义） style.Minimalists believe that they don't have to own a lot of things to be happy. （3） ______
You are probably asking at this point "Do I have to get rid of all my favorite things？" （4） ______ A minimalist room is too extreme for most people，and personal things like photos and books are comforting and help us to feel at home. （5） ______ Consider this simple rule：if you don't use something for longer than 6 months，get rid of it.You have to regularly tidy and sort out all the stuff in your room.After tidying your room，you'll have more space in your wardrobe and cupboards.No more "You must tidy your room!" from your parents!Your room will look tidier and bigger and you'll feel free!

A.What about the mess on the floor？
B.Of course the answer is that you don't.
C.They try to live with only basic things.
D.But occasional tidying isn't a bad idea.
E.Actually，they enjoy their messy home.
F.People with untidy rooms have untidy minds.
G.Why do you keep so many things in your garden？
15.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）
Without arms and legs，artist Adama Traore of Abidjan finds a unique way to make his art.He has been （1） ______ a paintbrush in his mouth for years，line by line，color by color.
Missing limbs（四肢）since （2） ______ ，he was sent to a center for （3） ______ youth at nine.He （4） ______ skills to paint and even drew with markers（记号笔） .He was （5） ______ by a lady named Mario Deal in the center.Thanks to the kind and friendly woman，there were more than 100 disabled men in the center.Yet the lady suffered from diseases and passed away.Traore was very sad，ending up （6） ______ .
Just getting around was （7） ______ possible for him. （8） ______ he had no money，none of taxi drivers would pick up a person with such serious disability.But he kept painting colorful landscapes and portraits（肖像），（ 9） ______ gaining the public's acceptance.Traore slowly built up （10） ______ from his artwork and used them to （11） ______ a small art studio.He got married and now goes to （12） ______ by taxi.The driver （13） ______ by the artist's courage now gives him both a ride and a bit of a （14） ______ on the fare.Every day he picks up Traore and （15） ______ him off and the next day again.Honestly，money doesn't matter，but it's （16） ______ .
Traore says， "If I didn't （17） ______ ， I don't know what I would do.I can't be a carpenter or a builder.If I'm just sitting here，people would say the man is a beggar.But when they see me painting，they regard me as a （18） ______ man. "Traore gets about 84 dollars for each painting.Traore says painting is medicine and lifts （19） ______ .Indeed，painting （20） ______ Traore Adama.
20.  A. dragging B. holding C. planting D. building
21.  A. adoption B. adulthood C. interview D. birth
22.  A. addicted B. deserted C. disabled D. depressed
23.  A. learned B. created C. experimented D. acknowledged
24.  A. brought out B. brought up C. brought back D. brought about
25.  A. selfless B. unaware C. homeless D. uncertain
26.  A. undoubtedly B. hardly C. extremely D. absolutely
27.  A. Thinking B. Forgetting C. Discussing D. Planning
28.  A. exactly B. finally C. suddenly D. generally
29.  A. ways B. materials C. wishes D. savings
30.  A. visit B. open C. decorate D. design
31.  A. work B. pray C. wander D. practice
32.  A. caught B. guided C. impressed D. controlled
33.  A. suggestion B. reminder C. problem D. discount
34.  A. drops B. pushes C. rushes D. skips
35.  A. determination B. health C. luck D. popularity
36.  A. lose B. paint C. drive D. cheat
37.  A. perfect B. wise C. poor D. useful
38.  A. education B. experience C. levels D. spirits
39.  A. leaves B. arranges C. makes D. greets
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
40. The Amazon rainforest lies on the South American continent，（ 1） ______ （ cross）eight countries.It is the largest rainforest in the world （2） ______ an area of about 6 million square kilometres.There are more than 40，000 species of （3） ______ （ plant），1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals in it.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable （4） ______ （ various） of wildlife.The jaguar is one of the typical animals in the forest （5） ______ feed on other animals.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon （6） ______ producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen，so it （7） ______ （ know） as the "lungs of the planet".Besides，it is （8） ______ treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.（9） ______ （ Gradual），due to human activities，a lot of rainforest has disappeared and many species are in danger of extinction.Therefore，it is time for us （10） ______ （ take）measures to protect it.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
41. 假定你是学校英文报的记者李华，上周你校组织了一场师生羽毛球比赛。请你用英语写一篇报道，内容包括：
（1）时间、地点；
（2）比赛过程；
（3）比赛影响。
注意：（1）写作词数应为 80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
_______
42. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I heard that huge waves crashed against large rocks that formed a jetty （登岸码头），I was full of fear.Nothing scared me as much as water.Just the sight of the sea made me sick to my stomach.
I'd always loved water and been a good swimmer until last summer，when I'd decided to climb up to the highest diving board at the pool.I'd jumped from that height and hit the water.I got out of breath and blacked out.The next thing I knew was that my brother was pulling me out of the pool.From then on I was really frightened of water.
"Jason，are you coming？" my friend Mat called.
"Yeah，" I said，wondering if they might laugh at me if they knew about my fear.
Suddenly I heard shouting in French.A crowd of people were running into the sea.I saw a little boy moving up and down in the waves!His head popped up，then a wave crashed over him and he disappeared for a moment.Some rescuers fought against the tide （潮水） but they are too far away.I had to join in the rescue.
I looked around and found the boy was close to the jetty and maybe I could help from there.I raced down the beach and it hit me：Water!My palms got sweaty and my fear appeared.I stopped immediately.
The people in the water weren't making any progress.I was the only person who saw that going out on the jetty was the fastest way to reach the boy.Yet in the middle of this emergency，I was extremely frightened.I tried to remember the lifeguard training I'd had as a teenager.I forced myself to move forward.

注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Taking in a deep breath，I threw myself into the water._________
As we made our way to safety，I realized something unbelievable._________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Rules部分的There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit.（提交作品的数量没有限制）可知，不限制提交的作品数量，即提交的作品可以大于一个。所以"D．A person can upload more than one piece.一个人可以上传多幅作品。"正确。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Guidelines部分Tell the reader what you like or dislike about the book.（告诉读者你喜欢或不喜欢这本书的什么）可知，书评要表达对这本书明确的态度。所以"C．The clear attitude about the book.对这本书的明确态度。"正确。故选C。
（3）目的意图题。根据Rules部分You must be a teen （aged 13-19）with a Teen Creativity account to enter.（你必须是一个有Teen Creativity账号的青少年（13-19岁））和最后一段We hope reviewing books brings you joy.（我们希望评论书能给你带来快乐）可知，喜欢阅读的青少年最有可能读这篇文章。故选A。
这篇短文主要是关于一个评论活动的通知。活动要求参与者在一个月内提交合理的评论，评论必须是真实的意见。参与者必须是13-19岁的青少年，并且拥有Teen Creativity账户。每篇评论的字数不能超过250字，可以提交多篇作品。评论的要求是简要概括书籍内容，表达喜欢或不喜欢的原因，并向特定读者推荐适合的人群。参与者有机会获得奖品，包括证书、杂志订阅和作品发表的机会。作品需要提交到www.teencreativity.com。希望评论书籍能给你带来快乐。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段第So far，nearly two-thirds of Mars missions have met with some failure or misfortune.And those are just robotic!It gets more crucial when it comes to sending people to Mars!Mars is about 150 times farther than the Moon，which means more added fuel，bigger capsules and bigger rockets.Those challenges make a trip to Mars different from landing on the Moon.（到目前为止，近三分之二的火星任务遭遇了一些失败或不幸。这些还都是机器人！在将人类送上火星的问题上，这一点变得更加重要！火星的距离大约是月球的150倍，这意味着需要更多的燃料、更大的太空舱和更大的火箭。这些挑战使得火星之旅不同于登陆月球。）可知，从之前的火星之旅中我们可以了解到人类很难到达那里。所以"C．They showed it's difficult for humans to go there.他们表明人类很难到达那里。"正确。故选C。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段Since Mars is so far away and turns around the Sun at a different rate from Earth，scientists must time launches very precisely.（由于火星离太阳很远，而且绕太阳旋转的速度与地球不同，科学家必须非常精确地计算发射的时间。）和最后一句While it may be possible to cut the travel time down to a month or two by using advanced technology，once on the surface of Mars，the astronauts will need to wait until Earth and Mars are correctly aligned again before returning.（虽然使用先进的技术有可能将旅行时间缩短到一两个月，但一旦到达火星表面，宇航员就需要等到地球和火星再次正确对齐后才能返回。）可知，第三段主要是讲在地球和火星之间旅行的时间。所以"D．The time of journeying between Earth and Mars.在地球和火星之间旅行的时间。"正确。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段One possible solution might be to send materials to be used on Mars ahead，and let them wait until the humans get there.（一种可能的解决方案是提前把火星上使用的物资送过去，让它们等待人类到达那里。）可知，人类可以通过提前将物资送到火星上的方式来在火星上获得足够的生存资源。所以"A．By sending them to Mars ahead of time.提前把他们送上火星。"正确。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段Still，the plans are theoretical.Over the coming two decades，mission planners hope to close the gap between theory and reality.Maybe then，human can actually send astronauts to Mars on long-term missions of exploration.（不过，这些计划只是理论上的。在接下来的二十年里，任务规划者希望缩小理论与现实之间的差距。也许到那时，人类真的可以派宇航员去火星进行长期的探索任务。）可知，作者对火星之旅的态度是充满希望的。故选B。
这篇短文主要讲述了人类为什么还没有登上火星。文章指出，火星之行非常复杂，迄今为止，近三分之二的火星任务都遭遇了失败或不幸。此外，火星比月球远大约150倍，意味着需要更多的燃料、更大的舱体和更大的火箭。由于火星距离地球很远，而且绕太阳的速度与地球不同，科学家必须非常精确地计时发射。此外，旅行时间很长，需要保证足够的氧气、水和食物供应。目前，这些计划仍然是理论上的，但未来20年内，任务规划者希望能够缩小理论与现实之间的差距，实际上将人类送上火星进行长期探索任务。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~10.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二个标题Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3中第二句Star-Lord，Gamora，Rocket，Drax and their buddies are finally back for more interstellar adventures - and this time they're up against the High Evolutionary.（星爵、卡魔拉、火箭、德拉克斯和他们的伙伴们终于回来进行更多的星际冒险了--这次他们要对抗的是高级进化。）可知，《银河护卫队3》是关于星际冒险的，所以如果你对太空探险感兴趣，你应该选择观看这部电影。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三个标题The Little Mermaid中Another month，another live-action-and-CGI remake of a classic Disney cartoon.But this one is more distinctive than most，because a black actress，Halle Bailey，is playing the title character，who was white in the 1989 cartoon.Besides，the film's director，Rob Marshall argues that his version of The Little Mermaid is progressive in other ways，too.He said she and Prince Eric "really teach the world about prejudice and about breaking down barriers and walls between these two worlds."Also，there's a singing crab.（再过一个月，又是一部迪士尼经典动画片的真人版和电脑特技翻拍版。但这部电影比大多数电影都更与众不同，因为扮演主角的是黑人女演员哈利•贝利，而在1989年的卡通片中，主角是白人。此外，电影导演罗伯•马歇尔认为，他的版本的《小美人鱼》在其他方面也很进步。他说，她和埃里克王子"真正教会了世界偏见，以及打破这两个世界之间的障碍和墙壁。"还有一只会唱歌的螃蟹。）可知，《小美人鱼》是迪斯尼经典动画片的翻拍版。故选A。
（3）文章出处题。根据全文内容，结合小标题Hypnetic（《催眠》）、Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3．（《银河护卫队3》）、The Little Mermaid（《小美人鱼》）、Fast X（《速度与激情X》）可知，本文主要介绍了四部影片的内容。结合选项A.Business.财经商业；B.Society.社会；C.Education.教育；D.Entertainment.娱乐。分析可知，文章最有可能出自报纸的娱乐版面。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部电影，分别是《催眠》、《银河护卫队3》、《小美人鱼》、《速度与激情X》。其中，《催眠》讲述了一名警探调查银行抢劫案件，遇到了一个神秘女人，介绍了"催眠术"；《银河护卫队3》是漫威系列电影的第三部，主角们将面对高级进化论者；《小美人鱼》是一部迪士尼经典卡通片的真人版，黑人女演员Halle Bailey饰演白人角色；《速度与激情X》是这个系列的第十部电影，已经成为全球科幻大片。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。

11~14.【答案】D、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Now Yale researchers have launched a more ambitious project - creating a map where life has yet to be discovered，whose goal is to help support biodiversity discovery and preservation across the globe.（现在，耶鲁大学的研究人员发起了一个更加雄心勃勃的项目--绘制一张尚未发现生命的地图，其目标是帮助支持全球生物多样性的发现和保护。）可知，新地图之所以重要是因为它有助于支持全球范围内的生物多样性发现和保护。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段At the current pace of global environmental change，there is no doubt that many species will die out before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate.（以目前全球环境变化的速度，毫无疑问，许多物种在我们了解它们的存在并有机会考虑它们的命运之前就会灭绝。）和第二段的In the rapidly changing global environment，researchers are racing against time to discover the remaining species.（在快速变化的全球环境中，研究人员正在与时间赛跑，以发现剩下的物种。）可知，耶鲁的研究员认为发现剩下的物种是与时间赛跑。故选A。
（3）标题归纳题。根据第一段On March 22，2021，the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution published a new map of undiscovered species.This new effort is of great importance for Walter Jetz，study co-author and professor at Yale University，US.  "At the current pace of global environmental change，there is no doubt that many species will die out before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate，" Jetz said.（2021年3月22日，《自然生态与进化》杂志发表了一张未被发现物种的新地图。这项新研究对研究报告的合著者、美国耶鲁大学教授沃尔特•杰茨来说非常重要。杰茨说："以目前全球环境变化的速度，毫无疑问，许多物种在我们了解它们的存在并有机会考虑它们的命运之前就会灭绝。"）可知，文章主要介绍世界首张"未发现生命地图"的诞生及其对全球生物多样性发现和保护的重要性。因此B.Mapping Hidden Animals.（绘制隐藏动物。）可以作为本文最佳标题，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段We hope to motivate citizen scientists and biodiversity enthusiasts about the importance of species discovery and ignite （点燃） discussions and agreements from those responsible for decision-making and conservation planning.（我们希望激发公民科学家和生物多样性爱好者对物种发现的重要性的认识，并点燃那些负责决策和保护规划的人的讨论和协议。）推知，下文很有可能介绍人们可以做的帮助物种发现的一些事。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即一张未被发现物种的地图。研究人员指出，目前已经发现的物种仅占全部物种的13%至18%，因此寻找未被发现的物种对于全球生物多样性保护至关重要。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

15~19.【答案】A、F、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句Do you have books on your shelves that you never open（你的书架上有没有从未打开过的书）；以及后文Is it difficult to find things when you need them（当你需要的东西很难找到吗），可知A项"地上的杂乱怎么办"符合前后用提问的方式介绍房间的杂乱，故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据后句They can feel stressed and they find it difficult to relax（他们会感到压力，很难放松），可知F项"房间杂乱的人们思想也会很乱"符合前后的语境，介绍杂乱的房间会对人们思想状态产生影响，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句Now，imagine this bedroom：a white floor，a bed，a wardrobe and a desk and chair.That's all.It looks calm and relaxing.This is the minimalist （极简主义） style.Minimalists believe that they don't have to own a lot of things to be happy（现在，想象一下这个卧室：白色的地板，一张床，一个衣柜，一张桌子和一把椅子。这是所有。它看起来平静而放松。这是极简风格。极简主义者认为，他们不需要拥有很多东西就能快乐），可知C项"他们试着只依靠基本的东西生活"可以承接前文提到极简主义者认为不需要拥有很多东西就能快乐，继续说明极简主义者的生活方式，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句You are probably asking at this point "Do I have to get rid of all my favorite things"（此时，你可能会问："我必须扔掉所有我最喜欢的东西吗"），可知B项"答案当然是你不需要"可以回答前句的问题---对于最喜欢的东西你肯定不需要扔掉，故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据前句A minimalist room is too extreme for most people，and personal things like photos and books are comforting and help us to feel at home（一个极简主义的房间对大多数人来说太极端了，像照片和书这样的私人物品会让我们感到舒适，并帮助我们有宾至如归的感觉）；以及后文Consider this simple rule：if you don't use something for longer than 6 months，get rid of it.You have to regularly tidy and sort out all the stuff in your room（考虑一下这个简单的规则：如果你不使用超过6个月的东西，扔掉它。你必须定期整理和整理房间里的所有东西），可知D项"但偶尔整理一下也不是个坏主意"可以与前文构成转折，指出整理一下也不错，同时引出后文的整理原则，故选D。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了整理房间的好处和整理的规则。
这个题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有帮助。

20~39.【答案】B、C、C、A、B、C、B、A、B、D、B、A、C、D、A、A、B、D、D、C
【解析】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.dragging拖动；B.holding拿着；C.planting种植；D.building建筑。句意：多年来，他一直把画笔放在嘴里，一行一行，一种颜色一种颜色。根据下文"a paintbrush in his mouth"可知，此处表示他把画笔放在嘴里，用嘴拿着画笔。故选B项。
（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.adoption收养；B.adulthood成年；C.interview采访；D.birth出生。句意：自出生以来，他就失去了四肢，9岁时被送往残疾青年中心。根据下文"he was sent to a center for（3）_____youth at nine"以及语境可知，自从出生，他就失去了四肢。故选C项。
（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.addicted上瘾的；B.deserted被遗弃的；C.disabled残疾的；D.depressed抑郁的。句意：自出生以来，他就失去了四肢，9岁时被送往残疾青年中心。根据上文"Missing limbs since （2）_____"以及下文"there were more than 100 disabled men in the center."可知，此处表示他被送往残疾青年中心。故选C项。
（4）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.learned学习；B.created创造；C.experimented实验；D.acknowledged承认。句意：他学会了绘画技巧，甚至用马克笔画画。根据上文"He has been（1）_____a paintbrush in his mouth for years，line by line，color by color."可知，此处表示他学会了绘画技巧。故选A项。
（5）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.brought out出版；B.brought up抚养；C.brought back带回；D.brought about导致。句意：他是由中心一位名叫马里奥•迪尔的女士抚养长大的。根据下文"by a lady named Mario Deal in the center"可知，他是由中心的一位女士抚养长大的。故选B项。
（6）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.selfless无私的；B.unaware没有意识到的；C.homeless无家可归的；D.uncertain不确定的。句意：特拉奥雷非常伤心，最终无家可归。根据上文"Yet the lady suffered from diseases and passed away."可知，特拉奥雷变得无家可归了。故选C项。
（7）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.undoubtedly毫无疑问地；B.hardly几乎不；C.extremely极端地；D.absolutely绝对地。句意：仅仅是到处走动对他来说都几乎是不可能的。根据下文"（8）_____he had no money，none of taxi drivers would pick up a person with such serious disability."可知，到处走动对他来说几乎不可能。故选B项。
（8）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.Thinking思考；B.Forgetting遗忘；C.Discussing讨论；D.Planning计划。句意：考虑到他没有钱，没有一个出租车司机会接这么严重残疾的人。根据下文"he had no money，none of taxi drivers would pick up a person with such serious disability."可知，出租车司机考虑到他没有钱，所以不想接他。故选A项。
（9）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.exactly准确地；B.finally最终；C.suddenly突然；D.generally一般地。句意：但他一直在画多彩的风景画和肖像画，最终获得了公众的认可。根据上文"he kept painting colorful landscapes and portraits"可知，通过一直努力，他最终获得了公众的认可。故选B项。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.ways方式；B.materials材料；C.wishes愿望；D.savings存款。句意：特拉奥雷慢慢地从他的作品中积累了一些存款，并用这些钱开了一家小型艺术工作室。根据下文"used them to（11）_____a small art studio"可知，特拉奥雷积累了一些存款，用存款开了一家小型艺术工作室。故选D项。
（11）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.visit参观；B.open开；C.decorate装饰；D.design设计。句意：特拉奥雷慢慢地从他的作品中积累了一些存款，并用这些钱开了一家小型艺术工作室。根据下文"a small art studio"可知，他开了一家小型艺术工作室。故选B项。
（12）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.work工作；B.pray祈祷；C.wander漫步；D.practice练习。句意：他结婚了，现在坐出租车上班。根据上文"used them to（11）_____a small art studio"可知，他开了一家小型艺术工作室，所以此处表示他坐出租车上班。故选A项。
（13）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.caught捕获；B.guided引导；C.impressed使钦佩；D.controlled控制。句意：这位司机钦佩艺术家的勇气，现在让他搭便车，并在车费上打了一点折扣。根据下文"by the artist's courage now gives him both a ride and a bit of a（14）_____on the fare."可知，司机钦佩艺术家的勇气，所以现在司机让他搭便车，并给车费打折。故选C项。
（14）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.suggestion建议；B.reminder提醒；C.problem问题；D.discount折扣。句意：这位司机钦佩艺术家的勇气，现在让他搭便车，并在车费上打了一点折扣。根据下文"on the fare"可知，司机在车费上打了一点折扣。故选D项。
（15）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.drops使落下；B.pushes推；C.rushes冲；D.skips跳。句意：他每天都会接上特拉奥雷，然后让他下车，并且第二天再一次这样做。根据上文"Every day he picks up Traore"可知，司机每天会接上特拉奥雷，然后到了目的地让他下车，drop sb.off表示"让某人下车"。故选A项。
（16）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.determination决心；B.health健康；C.luck运气；D.popularity人气。句意：老实说，钱不重要，但重要的是决心。根据语境，司机钦佩特拉奥雷的决心，所以他愿意每天接送特拉奥雷，所以此处表示钱不重要，重要的是决心。故选A项。
（17）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.lose输；B.paint画画；C.drive驾驶；D.cheat欺骗。句意：如果我不画画，我不知道我会做什么。根据上文"But he kept painting colorful landscapes and portraits，（ 9）_____gaining the public's acceptance."可知，特拉奥雷一直在画画，所以此处表示如果不画画，他不知道自己会做什么。故选B项。
（18）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.perfect完美的；B.wise明智的；C.poor贫穷的；D.useful有用的。句意：但当他们看到我画画时，他们认为我是个有用的人。根据上文"If I'm just sitting here，people would say the man is a beggar.But when they see me painting，they regard me as"可知，特拉奥雷认为如果他什么都不做，人们会说他是乞丐，但是如果他画画，人们会认为他是有用的人。故选D项。
（19）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.education教育；B.experience经验；C.levels水平；D.spirits精神。句意：特拉奥雷说绘画是一种良药，可以振奋精神。根据上文"Traore says painting is medicine and lifts"可知，特拉奥雷认为绘画是一种良药，可以振奋精神。故选D项。
（20）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.leaves离开；B.arranges安排；C.makes制作；D.greets问候。句意：的确，绘画造就了特拉奥雷•阿达玛。根据语境可知，此处表示绘画造就了特拉奥雷。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了没有四肢的艺术家特拉奥雷以绘画谋生，用一种独特的方式创作艺术并赢得尊重的故事。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

40.【答案】【小题1】crossing
【小题2】with
【小题3】plants
【小题4】variety
【小题5】that/which
【小题6】and
【小题7】is known
【小题8】a
【小题9】Gradually
【小题10】to take
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林，横跨8个国家。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，cross与其逻辑主语the Amazon rainforest之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填crossing。
（2）考查介词。句意：它是世界上最大的雨林，占地面积约为600万平方公里。根据句意可知，此处应用介词with表示伴随，with an area of..."面积为......"。故填with。
（3）考查可数名词复数。句意：这里有4万多种植物，1300多种鸟类和400多种哺乳动物。plant"植物"为可数名词，由修饰词more than 40，000 species of可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填plants。
（4）考查可数名词单数。句意：森林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。形容词unbelievable后应用名词variety表示"种类"，结合空前不定冠词an可知，此处应用其单数形式。故填variety。
（5）考查定语从句关系词。句意：美洲豹是森林里以其他动物为食最典型的动物之一。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为animals，指物，关系词从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填which/that。
（6）考查连词。句意：亚马逊雨林通过固定碳向地球注入生命，并产生超过20%的地球氧气，因此被称为"地球之肺"。分析可知，fixing carbon与producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen之间是并列关系，故应用连词and连接。故填and。
（7）考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：亚马逊雨林通过固定碳向地球注入生命，并产生超过20%的地球氧气，因此被称为"地球之肺"。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，结合语境可知，句子是在描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语it（指代the Amazon rainforest）与动词know之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语it是单数，be动词应用单数is。故填is known。
（8）考查冠词。句意：此外，它是一个物种宝库，可用于食物或药物。house"房子"是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，且treasure是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
（9）考查副词。句意：逐渐地，由于人类活动，许多热带雨林已经消失，许多物种面临灭绝的危险。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰后文整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Gradually。
（10）考查动词不定式。句意：到了我们采取措施保护它的时候了。It is time for sb.to do sth."到了某人做某事的时候了"，固定句型。故填to take。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马逊雨林的地理位置、物种分布及地位作用等。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

41.【答案】In order to make our after-class activities more colorful and encourage more people to do sports，our school held a teacher-student badminton match at 4 pm last Friday in the gym.【高分句型一】（时间、地点）
The match was divided into five sets.Whichever team won three sets first would be the winner，so the representatives tried their best to beat their opponents.So close was the game that it was hard for one team to beat the other.【高分句型二】Finally the student team won a narrow victory.（比赛过程）
The match brought a lot of joy to us and strengthened the relationship between students and teachers.（比赛影响）
【解析】高分句型一：In order to make our after-class activities more colorful and encourage more people to do sports，our school held a teacher-student badminton match at 4 pm last Friday in the gym.
翻译：为了使我们的课外活动更加丰富多彩，鼓励更多的人参加体育运动，上周五下午4点，我们学校在体育馆举行了一场师生羽毛球比赛。
分析：句子中In order to make our after-class activities more colorful and encourage more people to do sports，做目的状语。
高分句型二：So close was the game that it was hard for one team to beat the other.
翻译：比赛势均力敌，一支球队很难击败另一支球队。
分析：本句使用了so...that句式的部分倒装。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

42.【答案】Taking in a deep breath，I threw myself into the water.As soon as I went under it，I swam hard towards the drowning boy.I reached him and held him just as he sank below the surface.I pulled as hard as I could. "Calm down!" I told him.When I turned back toward the shore，a wave crashed over us.The jetty was about 50 yards away.The tide was pushing us to sea.I remembered what I'd learned in my lifeguard training.【高分句型一】（我努力克服恐惧，运用学过的救生员训练，努力营救溺水的男孩）
As we made our way to safety，I realized something unbelievable.I wasn't frightened any longer.Mat jumped into the water.I pushed the boy toward him.Just as I let go，a big wave carried him to my friend.I stopped fighting，and just let myself go.Someone pulled me out of the sea onto the rocks.When I caught my breath，I turned my head and saw the boy being hugged tightly by his mother.I looked out at the sea.Never before had water looked so beautiful to me.【高分句型二】（我把男孩救上岸，自己不再恐惧海水）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述一直喜欢水的我因为一次溺水而怕水。当我去海边找我的朋友马特时，我听了急切救人的喊叫声。而我是唯一一个离那个男孩最近的人。然而，在这种紧急情况下，我非常害怕。我试着回忆我十几岁时接受过的救生员训练。我强迫自己向前走。
高分句型一：I remembered what I'd learned in my lifeguard training.
翻译：我记得我在救生员训练中学到的东西。
分析：运用了what引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：Never before had water looked so beautiful to me.
翻译：水在我看来从未如此美丽过。
分析：本句运用了部分倒装。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。