陕西省渭南市蒲城县蒲城中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试题（含解析）

这是一份陕西省渭南市蒲城县蒲城中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，告知信/通知等内容，欢迎下载使用。
陕西省渭南市蒲城县蒲城中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Science Events from New Scientist
Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll
Online | October 20, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
“Where, when and how?” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics. Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.
Big Thinkers Series 2023
Online | November 10, 2023
The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts. If you are curious about your brain, your body, our planet or the universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Memory, the Brain and Who We Are
Online | November 15, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识). How do our brains store and then conjure up (浮现) past experiences to make us who we are? Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories? These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.
Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain
The British Library, London | November 19, 2023
At this event, six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe. On the way you’ll learn how our brains learn languages, how they store memories and why they need to sleep. Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.
1．Which event focuses on discoveries in physics?
A．Big Thinkers Series 2023. B．Memory, the Brain and Who We Are.
C．Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain. D．Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll.
2．When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts?
A．On October 20, 2023. B．On November 19, 2023.
C．On November 10, 2023. D．On November 15, 2023.
3．What do the four events have in common?
A．They are held online. B．They offer expert guidance.
C．They mainly focus on memory. D．They each last for one hour.

Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
4．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．The tip. B．An note. C．A stranger. D．An order.
5．What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant?
A．The delicious food. B．The familiar faces.
C．The generous customers. D．The positive working attitude.
6．What did the staff do to show their appreciation?
A．They told the story to the newspaper.
B．They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
C．They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
D．They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
7．Which saying can describe the text best?
A．Experience must be bought.
B．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C．A hero is known in the time of misfortune.
D．Everyone’s love will make the world a better place.

In valleys with thick plants, different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi-storied tulou were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history, tulou residents have mostly been Hakka — migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakka and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical, and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integrity to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
8．What do we know about tulou?
A．Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B．Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C．They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D．Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
9．What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict?
A．Escape tunnels. B．Enough food. C．Small windows. D．Defensive weapons.
10．What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou?
A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned.
11．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments
B．Tulou: Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C．Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D．Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending

We all try to spend our days doing engaging things, but the reality is that there’s a lot of boring work which also must be done. Whether it’s washing the dishes, filing papers, entering data, or any of the countless dull yet critical tasks that keep our homes, organizations, and communities running, we all have less-than-exciting tasks we have to do. Of course it’s not always easy to get ourselves to stick to these tasks, even if we know we should. What does it take to persist (坚持) when work is boring?
Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun. These findings have direct effects on how we design products and policies. For instance, companies are increasingly offering incentives to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.
Recent research by Harvard University, however, suggests that for tasks that don’t require a lot of attention, there may be a better approach. Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.
Often, strategies designed to increase persistence will involve changing something about the work itself — but you can only make washing the dishes so exciting or mentally stimulating (振奋人心的). Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion (切入式专注法).
Basically, the mind seeks to be engaged. We experience boredom when doing tasks that require less attention than we have available, and this leads us to quit those tasks too early. But if there is a second activity in which we can involve ourselves at the same time with the low-attention task, it can occupy that extra attention, reducing boredom and thus increasing persistence.
12．In what circumstance may people continue with a boring task?
A．When they feel motivated. B．When they want to kill time.
C．When they are full of energy. D．When they lack attention.
13．What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Instructions. B．Rewards. C．Programmes. D．Positions.
14．Why did the participants quit their tasks earlier than expected?
A．The tasks were beyond them. B．The studies took too much time.
C．The tasks demanded less attention. D．The participants were not devoted.
15．How can we focus on a boring task according to tangential immersion?
A．By making it more challenging. B．By checking the progress repeatedly.
C．By refreshing the mind regularly. D．By pairing it with a demanding one.


二、七选五
How to Become a More Social Person
Socializing is generally considered a pleasant and leisurely activity. 16 Here are some ways to help you become a more social person over all.
Smile. Everybody wants to be around people who are happy and excited about life. 17 Not only will it instantly make you feel better, but it will also make other people want to be around you, talk to you, and get to know you. A study shows that smiling can help improve your mood and make it easier for you to interact with others.
18 If you are at a party or other social gatherings, make sure your body language says that you want to be approached. Make eye contact with people, give them a nod, and look straight ahead instead of at your feet or the floor, which will make other people more likely to come up to you.
Be genuine. 19 Being fully engaged not only shows that you are friendly, but it also makes for more stimulating and fulfilling interactions with others. Avoid texting or talking on the phone when you are in the middle of a conversation, especially if the subject matter is important.
Ask people questions about themselves. Let’s face it. People love talking about themselves. And if you want to be more social and start talking to people more, then show your interest in people by asking how their day is going, how they’re feeling, and what they have coming up. 20
A．Say something nice.
B．Don’t ask private questions.
C．Have welcoming body language.
D．However, various anxieties can make it hard to interact with others.
E．Even if you don’t always feel happy, force yourself to smile now and then.
F．When talking with somebody, always show a sincere interest in the conversation.
G．They will show you want to open up and are waiting for people to get you talking.


三、完形填空
The first time ever I realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet was during a road trip in Western Australia, almost 12 years ago.
We 21 at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries and the lady at the counter told us they didn’t sell any shopping bags in order to prevent plastic in the
22 and to help preserving the endangered turtles living in that area. After a first reaction of surprise, we 23 all our shopping in our arms and left.
This was just one of the many experiences I’ve lived that made me more 24 about my impact and pushed me to adopt different habits to live and 25 more sustainably.
Our trip to Borneo was another life-changing 26 that has strengthened my resolution to a zero-waste lifestyle. While traveling in some Asian countries, we came to know that 27 drinkable water was always a challenge. So we had to travel with our water bottle, and we 28 to avoid using plastic during our trip.
Besides, we were also 29 impressed by our stay on Libaran Island. A sustainable turtle conservation 30 and the community had made big efforts to 31 the beaches and creatively re-use plastic for ten years. Despite that, the shore is 32 daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides.
Facing this global issue 33 , raised in me a feeling of sadness and anger that soon turned into 34 : to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life. Small changes can 35 a difference!
21．A．stayed B．visited C．worked D．stopped
22．A．land B．ocean C．district D．supermarket
23．A．threw B．picked C．dropped D．carried
24．A．sure B．proud C．conscious D．comfortable
25．A．travel B．deliver C．remove D．play
26．A．story B．growth C．experience D．suffering
27．A．free B．cheap C．valuable D．safe
28．A．failed B．managed C．hesitated D．happened
29．A．firmly B．violently C．deeply D．dramatically
30．A．action B．project C．schedule D．protection
31．A．dry up B．tie up C．clean up D．take up
32．A．washed B．proved C．rushed D．injured
33．A．on purpose B．for sure C．to an extent D．in person
34．A．confusion B．determination C．frustration D．satisfaction
35．A．make B．do C．achieve D．find


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hockey (冰球) goalkeepers are the rare athletes in team sports who can try to show their history, family and personality through the 36 (choose) of clothes. That’s no different at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
China’s goalkeeper Zhou Jiaying caught the attention of the world when she showed 37 with her dragon-themed pads(护膝) at the hockey competition in Beijing.
“She always 38 (want) to honor her Chinese heritage,” explained Chris Joswiak, who has helped to design the pads for 39 26-year-old goalkeeper.
Her notice to Joswiak and his team read, “I hope that immediately we Chinese people see the pads, they think, ‘That’s the Gold Dragons in the Forbidden City!’”
Zhou Jiaying helped create the pads by 40 (send) Joswiak several examples of Chinese-style dragons that could convey 41 she was looking for in her pads.
The design team worked up multiple 42 (sample) for her before she finally approved the one that she wore at the Olympic competitions.
To meet her deadline, the pads that 43 (typical) take about 8 to 10 weeks to build 44 (make) for her in less than two weeks.
Wearing her dragon pads, Zhou Jiaying stopped 22 of 23 shots in China’s win over Denmark on Friday. The Chinese team is scheduled 45 (face)Japan on Sunday.


五、短文改错
46．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Ms Greta,
Our school is organizing a Chinese speech contest, which theme is “China in My Eyes”. Aware of my keen interest in Chinese culture, I’m now writing to invite you sign up.
The contest will be hold on the playground at 9 a.m. on April 20th and I hope you’ll come. The contest is to raise our aware of the changes that are taking the place around us. Therefore, you should first focus on what impress you most here. Then, speak louder but more clearly to get your points across better. Beside, don’t refer to your notes while make the speech.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua

六、告知信/通知
47．假定你是李华，你校拟在本周五举办“名著读书会”。请你写一则留言邀请交流生Lucy参加。内容包括：
1. 活动的时间和地点；
2. 活动内容。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucy,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个科学活动的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll部分中““Where, when and how?” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics.(“在哪里，什么时候，如何发现的？”是我们可以提出的一些最基本的问题，而关于空间、时间和运动的知识一直是物理学重大发现的核心)”可知，Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll活动的重点是物理学的发现。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Big Thinkers Series 2023部分中“The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.(《新科学家》活动的2023年大思想家系列活动包括8个在线讲座，贯穿2023年，涵盖了广泛的主题，所有这些都将由世界级专家为您带来)”可知，你在2023年11月10日能参加一流专家的讲座。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一部分“Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.(加入物理学专家肖恩·卡罗尔，他探索了关于空间、时间和运动本质的深刻问题，并展示了从伽利略和欧几里得到牛顿和爱因斯坦的经典物理学框架)”；第二部分“The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.(《新科学家》活动的2023年大思想家系列活动包括8个在线讲座，贯穿2023年，涵盖了广泛的主题，所有这些都将由世界级专家为您带来)”；第三部分“Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识).(精神病学家维罗妮卡·奥基恩将以精神病患者的破碎记忆为例来解释复杂的人脑，并为你提供一些专业知识)”以及最后一部分“Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts. (由《新科学家》记者主持，我们为期一天的大师班提供了直接从专家那里了解大脑的机会)”可知，这四个活动的共同之处是都提供专家指导。故选B。
4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在新加坡，一位送餐员给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢，而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费港还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。
4．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句“What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. (然而，更令人惊讶的是那个给他们留下巨额小费的人。这并不是一位那天感觉特别慷慨的顾客发出的。)”可推知，It指代的是上文中提到的“tip”，即小费。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up.(由于餐厅的订单频繁，外卖骑手在工作人员中是一个熟悉的面孔，每次他来取东西时，都想对他们的辛勤工作表示感谢，以确保订单按时准备好。)”可推知，令Jesse印象最深的是这家餐厅里员工们积极的工作态度。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句中的“Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by(员工可以保留小费以奖励他们的优质服务，但他们选择退还，这让我很感动)”可知，员工们因其良好的服务而被允许保留小费，但他们选择退还小费。由此可知，员工们通过将小费还给了送餐员来表示他们的感激。故选B。
7．推理判断题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述了在新加坡, 一位送餐员在经济状况困难的新型冠状病毒疫情期间给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢, 而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费退还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。D项“只要人人都献出一点爱，世界会变得更加美好”符合本文主旨。故选D。
8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，介绍了其建造特点、功能等。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中““The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.(联合国教科文组织表示：“这些建筑获奖是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范，展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织，而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言，它们是人类住区的杰出典范。”)”可知，土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.(有了充足的食物，居民们可以在长期冲突中生存下来)”可知，在长期的冲突中，居民最重要的是足够的食物。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.(土楼是如此非凡的建筑，无愧于联合国教科文组织授予的称号)”可推知，作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中““The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.(联合国教科文组织表示：“这些建筑获奖是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范，展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织，而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言，它们是人类住区的杰出典范。”)”结合文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，介绍了其建造特点、功能等。可知，D选项“土楼：中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑”最符合文章标题。故选D。
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当工作很无聊的时候，怎样才能坚持下去？研究人员从多个角度探讨了这个问题，研究表明，当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun.”（研究人员从多个角度探讨了这个问题，研究表明，当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。）可知，当人们有动力的时候，他们可以继续做一项无聊的任务。故选A项。
13．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun.”（当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。）以及划线单词句中的“…to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.”（鼓励员工多锻炼身体，经理们也在实施各种游戏策略，让员工的工作更有趣。）故可猜测，划线单词incentives为“激励，奖励”的意思，结合选项B项Rewards“奖励”意思一致。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.”（研究人员对2000多名参与者进行了一系列研究，发现在许多情况下，人们比预期更早地停止工作，不是因为他们没有足够的动力，而是因为这些任务不需要足够的注意力。）可知，参与者会比预期更早地退出任务是因为这些任务需要较少的注意力。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion .”（与其无休止地试图让无聊的任务变得不那么无聊，有时把这些活动与其他需要更多注意力的任务配对会更有效。这个概念被称为切向沉浸。）可知，根据切向沉浸感，我们把它和一个高要求的配对来专注于枯燥的任务。故选D项。
16．D 17．E 18．C 19．F 20．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于如何成为一个更善于社交的人的方法。
16．前文“Socializing is generally considered a pleasant and leisurely activity.（社交通常被认为是一种愉快而悠闲的活动。）”引出社交的话题，说明社交是愉悦而悠闲的活动，后文“Here are some ways to help you become a more social person over all.（这里有一些方法可以帮助你成为一个更善于社交的人。）”引出后文成为更善于社交的人的方法，D项“However, various anxieties can make it hard to interact with others.（然而，各种各样的焦虑会使他们难以与他人互动。）”符合语境，说明社交中会遇到问题，其中的“it”指代前文的“Socializing”，和前文内容构成转折，自然引出后文的方法。故选D。
17．前文“Smile. Everybody wants to be around people who are happy and excited about life.（微笑。每个人都希望身边的人对生活充满快乐和兴奋。）”建议去微笑，带来快乐和兴奋，后文“Not only will it instantly make you feel better, but it will also make other people want to be around you, talk to you, and get to know you.（这不仅会让你感觉更好，还会让其他人想要和你在一起，和你说话，了解你。）”说明微笑对于社交的好处，E项“Even if you don’t always feel happy, force yourself to smile now and then.（即使你并不总是感到快乐，也要时不时地强迫自己微笑。）”符合语境，说明即使不快乐也要微笑，呼应前文内容，后文的“it”指代其中的“smile”。故选E。
18．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需概括段落内容，且需和其他段落首句一样是祈使句的形式。后文“If you are at a party or other social gatherings, make sure your body language says that you want to be approached. Make eye contact with people, give them a nod, and look straight ahead instead of at your feet or the floor, which will make other people more likely to come up to you.（如果你参加聚会或其他社交聚会，确保你的肢体语言表明你希望被接近。与人进行眼神交流，向他们点头，直视前方而不是看着你的脚或地板，这会让其他人更有可能走向你。）”具体说明了如何运用肢体语言进行社交，C项“Have welcoming body language.（拥有欢迎的肢体语言。）”符合语境，建议肢体语言要表现出欢迎的态度，可以统领段落内容。故选C。
19．前文“Be genuine.（真诚。）”建议要真诚，后文“Being fully engaged not only shows that you are friendly, but it also makes for more stimulating and fulfilling interactions with others.（全身心投入不仅能表现出你的友好，还能让你与他人的互动更刺激、更充实。）”说明全身心投入对社交的好处，F项“When talking with somebody, always show a sincere interest in the conversation.（与人交谈时，总是表现出真诚的兴趣。）”符合语境，提出要表现出真诚的兴趣，其中的“sincere”与前文的“genuine”呼应，呼应后文的好处。故选F。
20．前文“And if you want to be more social and start talking to people more, then show your interest in people by asking how their day is going, how they’re feeling, and what they have coming up.（如果你想更善于社交，开始和别人多说话，那就问问他们今天过得怎么样，感觉怎么样，有什么事要做，以此来表达你对他们的兴趣。）”具体介绍如何问关于他人的问题，G项“They will show you want to open up and are waiting for people to get you talking.（它们会表现出你想要敞开心扉，等待别人和你说话。）”符合语境，说明问这些问题带来的好处，其中的“They”指前文的各种问题。故选G。

21．D 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过旅行的亲身经历，意识到了塑料对我们的星球来说是一个严重的问题。亲身面对这个全球性的问题，作者内心的悲伤和愤怒很快变成了决心：尽我们所能减少生活中的塑料。小的改变可以带来不同。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在珊瑚湾沿岸的一家超市停下来买一些杂货，柜台的女士告诉我们他们不卖任何购物袋，以防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。A. stayed停留；B. visited参观；C. worked工作；D. stopped停下。根据后文“at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries”指在超市停下买杂货。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在珊瑚湾沿岸的一家超市停下来买一些杂货，柜台的女士告诉我们他们不卖任何购物袋，以防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。A. land陆地；B. ocean海洋；C. district区域；D. supermarket超市。根据后文“endangered turtles living in that area”可知，女士不卖塑料袋是为了防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。上文“along the Coral Bay coast”也是提示。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一反应是惊讶之后，我们把买的东西都抱在怀里离开了。A. threw扔；B. picked捡起；C. dropped落下；D. carried搬运、携带。根据后文“all our shopping in our arms”可知没有塑料袋，他们只能用手拿着这些东西。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只是我经历过的许多经历之一，这些经历让我更加意识到自己的影响，并促使我养成不同的习惯，以更可持续的方式生活和旅行。A. sure确定的；B. proud骄傲的；C. conscious意识到的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据后文“about my impact”可知，经历得多了，作者从这些经历中开始认识到自己行为的影响。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只是我经历过的许多经历之一，这些经历让我更加意识到自己的影响，并促使我养成不同的习惯，以更可持续的方式生活和旅行。A. travel旅行；B. deliver递送；C. remove去除；D. play玩耍。根据后文“Our trip to Borneo”可知，后文主要列举的都是作者在旅行时的经历。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的婆罗洲之旅是另一次改变生活的经历，它坚定了我对零浪费生活方式的决心。A. story故事；B. growth生长；C. experience经历；D. suffering苦难。呼应上文“This was just one of the many experiences”指另一次改变生活的经历。故选C。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些国家旅行时，我们意识到安全饮用水一直是一个挑战。A. free免费的；B. cheap便宜的；C. valuable宝贵的；D. safe安全的。根据后文“we had to travel with our water bottle”可知，作者他们带着水瓶旅行，说明是意识到安全饮用水一直是一个挑战。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们不得不带着我们的水瓶旅行，我们设法避免在旅行中使用塑料。A. failed失败、未能；B. managed设法做成；C. hesitated犹豫；D. happened发生、碰巧。根据后文“to avoid using plastic during our trip”指他们设法避免在旅行中使用塑料，manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。故选B。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们在利巴兰岛的逗留也给我们留下了深刻的印象。A. firmly坚定地；B. violently暴力地；C. deeply深刻地；D. dramatically戏剧地。根据后文“impressed by our stay on Libaran Island”可知，在利巴兰岛的逗留也给他们留下了深刻的印象。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个可持续的海龟保护项目和社区在清理海滩和创造性地重复使用塑料方面做出了巨大的努力。A. action行动；B. project项目；C. schedule计划表；D. protection保护。根据上文“A sustainable turtle conservation”指海龟保护项目。故选B。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个可持续的海龟保护项目和社区在清理海滩和创造性地重复使用塑料方面做出了巨大的努力。A. dry up干涸；B. tie up包扎；C. clean up清理；D. take up开始从事。根据后文“the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years”可知，社区保护环境，清理海滩，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，海岸每天都被潮汐带来的成吨塑料冲刷着。A. washed洗涤；B. proved证明；C. rushed急忙；D. injured受伤。根据后文“daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides”指海岸每天都被潮汐带来的成吨塑料冲刷着。故选A。
33．考查介词短语辨析。句意：亲身面对这个全球性的问题，我内心的悲伤和愤怒很快变成了决心：尽我们所能减少生活中的塑料。A. on purpose故意地；B. for sure确定；C. to an extent在一定程度上；D. in person亲自。根据后文“raised in me a feeling of sadness and anger”以及上文作者的亲身经历，可知此处指亲身面对这个全球性的问题，故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：亲身面对这个全球性的问题，我内心的悲伤和愤怒很快变成了决心：尽我们所能减少生活中的塑料。A. confusion困惑；B. determination决心；C. frustration沮丧；D. satisfaction满意。根据后文“to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life”可知，作者决心尽自己所能减少生活中的塑料。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小的改变可以产生大影响！A. make制作、产生；B. do做；C. achieve实现；D. find找到。结合上文可知，作者呼吁大家减少生活中的塑料，结合后文“a difference”可知为短语make a difference表示“有影响”。故选A。

36．choice 37．herself 38．wants 39．the
40．sending
41．what 42．samples 43．typically 44．were made 45．to face

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国曲棍球守门员周嘉鹰的龙主题的定制护膝。
36．考查名词。句意：曲棍球守门员是团队运动中少有的能够通过着装的选择来展示自己的历史、家庭和个性的运动员。空处应填名词作宾语，choice“选择”符合题意，可数名词，此处指服装的选择，是单数意义。故填choice。
37．考查代词。句意：在北京举行的冰球比赛上，中国守门员周嘉鹰穿着龙主题的护垫亮相，引起了全世界的关注。结合句意可知，此处指展示她自己，应用反身代词herself作宾语。故填herself。
38．考查时态。句意：“她一直想要尊重她的中国传统，”克里斯·乔斯维亚克解释说，他帮助设计了这位26岁的门将的护膝。空处为直接引语的谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语always判断此处时态为一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填wants。
39．考查冠词。句意：“她一直想要尊重她的中国传统，”克里斯·乔斯维亚克解释说，他帮助设计了这位26岁的门将的护膝。此处特指26岁的曲棍球守门员周嘉鹰，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
40．考查动名词。句意：周嘉鹰帮助设计了这些护膝，她给乔斯维亚克送了几个中国龙的例子，这些龙可以表达她在护膝上寻找的东西。介词by后应用所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填sending。
41．考查宾语从句。句意：周嘉鹰帮助设计了这些护膝，她给乔斯维亚克送了几个中国龙的例子，这些龙可以表达她在护膝上寻找的东西。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
42．考查名词的数。句意：设计团队为她做了多个样品，最后她认可了她在奥运会上穿的那件。sample“样品”是可数名词，被multiple修饰，应用其复数形式。故填samples。
43．考查副词。句意：为了赶上她的最后期限，通常需要8到10周才能完成的护膝在不到两周的时间内就为她做好了。修饰动词take应用所给词的副词形式。故填typically。
44．考查时态和语态。句意：为了赶上她的最后期限，通常需要8到10周才能完成的护膝在不到两周的时间内就为她做好了。空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处陈述过去的事情，且主语pads和make之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were made。
45．考查不定式。句意：中国队定于周日迎战日本队。be scheduled to do sth.“被安排，定于”是固定短语。故填to face。
46．1. which→whose  2. my→your  3. sign前加to  4. hold→held  5. aware→awareness  6. 删除the  7. impress→impresses  8. but→and  9. Beside→Besides  10. make→making
【导语】这是一封书信。文章主要介绍了李华写信邀请 Greta女士来参加学校组织的题为“我眼中的中国”的中文演讲比赛。
【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：我们学校正在组织一场中文演讲比赛，主题是“我眼中的中国”。逗号后面是定语从句，修饰先行词a Chinese speech contest，且定语从句中缺少theme前的定语，应用whose来引导，故将which改为whose。
2.考查代词。句意：知道你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣，我现在写信邀请你报名。根据下文“I’m now writing to invite you sign up”可知，“我”邀请你来参加，所以此处表示“知道你对中国文化感兴趣”，应用形容词词性物主代词your作定语，修饰名词interest，故将my改为your。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：知道你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣，我现在写信邀请你报名。invite sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故在sign前加to。
4.考查语态。句意：比赛将于4月20日上午9点在操场举行，我希望你们能来。主语和动词hold(举办)是被动关系，此处应用一般将来时的被动，故将hold改为held。
5.考查名词。句意：这个比赛是为了提高我们对周围发生变化的认识。此处应用名词awareness做动词raise的宾语，且为不可数名词，故将aware改为awareness。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：这个比赛是为了提高我们对周围发生变化的认识。此处表示“发生”应用固定搭配take place，故删除the。
7.考查主谓一致。句意：因此，你应该首先关注这里给你留下最深刻印象的东西。“what impress you most here”是what引导的宾语从句，what在句中做主语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且此处表示“给你留下最深印象的东西”，表示单数，从句谓语动词impress应用三单形式，故将impress改为impresses。
8.考查连词。句意：然后，大声说清楚，让你的观点更好地表达出来。“londer”和“more clearly”是并列关系，应用and，故将but改为and。
9.考查副词。句意： 另外，演讲的时候不要参考你的笔记。此处表示“此外”应用副词besides，故将Beside改为Besides。
10.考查省略句。句意：另外，演讲的时候不要参考你的笔记。“while make the speech.”是while引导的状语从句，其主语和主句主语是同一个，此处省略了主语you和系动词are，且表示“正在做演讲”，应用现在进行时，故将make改为making。
47．Dear Lucy,
I am more than glad to tell you that our school will hold an interesting activity this week. I wonder whether you can join us.
The activity, to be held at 5:00 pm this Friday in our school meeting hall, is called Classic Reading. The students who take part in the activity will make a public speech on the classic that they have read recently. The classics include novels, plays and poems. I do believe that we can benefit a lot from the activity.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校拟在本周五举办“名著读书会”。请你写一则留言邀请交流生Lucy参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→join in
举行：hold→host
高兴的：glad→happy
有趣的：interesting→amazing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The activity, to be held at 5:00 pm this Friday in our school meeting hall, is called Classic Reading.
拓展句：The activity, which will be held at 5:00 pm this Friday in our school meeting hall, is called Classic Reading.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am more than glad to tell you that our school will hold an interesting activity this week. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I do believe that we can benefit a lot from the activity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)