2023年高考英语真题及模拟题英语分项汇编（全国通用）专题12 阅读理解议论文

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专题12阅读理解议论文-2023年高考真题及模拟题汇编

2023年高考真题
Passage 1
【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2023年名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?
A．It ignored marketing strategies. B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly good taste. D．It focused on delight and pleasure.
2．What can be inferred about meaning seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stores. B．They think products extend their lives.
C．They hesitate to make decisions. D．They make more purchases with money.
3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By giving some examples. B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasons. D．By making some comparisons.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to Buy
C．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Juntos是个失败者。)”和第二段“What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事?为了找出Juntos失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢?为了找出答案，劳伦斯·威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多的东西，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展第四段，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. (所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.
In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.
In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.
Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.
5．What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?
A．Their status of respectability. B．Their value in productivity.
C．Their rich knowledge in education. D．Their extraordinary ability to work.
6．What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?
A．It has faded the elderly worries.
B．It means the end of productive ability.
C．It is considered beneficial in all distances.
D．It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.
7．What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Planning. B．Changing.
C．Extending. D．Canceling.
8．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A personal journal. B．A science research.
C．A social issue review. D．A community brochure.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.(在农业社会中，老年人享有受人尊敬的地位。他们的生活经验和知识被认为是有价值的，特别是在尚无文字的社会，知识是口头传播的。这些社会中的活动范围使老年人能够继续成为社区中有生产力的成员)”可知，在农业社会老年人的生活经验和知识使他们依旧具有生产力价值，从而获得尊敬。由此可知，生产力上的价值对于农业社会的老年人很重要。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“… older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.(……越来越多的老年人在他们的生产年龄结束之前就被迫退休，这给他们的老年心理适应带来了问题。退休并非在所有情况下都是不利的，但其经济上的限制往往进一步使老年人远离影响的范围，并在延长闲暇时间和住房的使用方面产生问题。因此，为退休做财务准备已成为个人和社会日益关注的问题)”可知，退休问题会引起老年人的心理适应问题，并在经济上限制老年人的活动和影响力，使其不得不做好财务准备。因此，退休在心理和财政两方面都影响着老年人。故选D项。
7．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families.(虽然大多数老年人住在离他们最近的孩子不到一小时的地方，但工业化社会正面临着……计划以容纳越来越多的独立于家庭生活的老年人的问题)”可知，此处前后有转折，虽然大多数老年人的生活范围离子女很近，但是越来越多的老年人独立生活，这种情况需要社会制定计划去解决。由此推知，formulating意思是“制定”，与planning意思一致。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从对老年人的定义的各种分歧引入话题，然后介绍了老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。因此，文章聚焦的是社会问题和现象，应该出自社会问题评论。故选C项。
Passage 3
（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植人物).
Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.
But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.
Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.
The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.
9．What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?
A．The great advance in AI research.
B．Their application in medical fields.
C．The breakthrough in surgical techniques.
D．Their easy adaptation to the human body.
10．How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?
A．Disapproving. B．Unconcerned. C．Favorable. D．Excited.
11．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avoid. B．Worsen. C．Reduce. D．Answer.
12．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?
B．Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?
C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?
D．Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大脑植入是否能够帮助我们解决技术所带来的问题——机器人会把人类抛在后面，抢走我们的工作，甚至一切。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”.(科赫指出，大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍。他说，未来的植入物可以帮助我们立即下载大量信息，这样我们就可以“毫不费力地学习新的技能和事实”)”可知，科赫认为目前大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍。所以他对于未来的大脑植入物能够帮助我们毫不费力地学习新技能和事实抱有乐观的态度。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack(侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines.(但科赫忽略了一个显而易见的事实：坏人可以侵入我们的智能手机和笔记本电脑。如果黑客可以攻击我们的大脑呢？他们或许能够监视、改变或控制植入大脑设备的人的记忆。更重要的是，我们离能够以科赫想象的方式增强大脑还差得很远)”可知，作者对于科赫的想法是不赞同的。故选A。
11．词义辨析题。根据划线单词下一句“The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment.(例如，在车间使用机器人可能会导致大规模失业)”可知，在车间使用机器人会导致大规模失业，也就是说在车间使用机器人只可能加剧问题而不是解决问题。所以划线单词和“加剧”意思相似。选项A“Avoid (避免)”；选项B“Worsen (恶化)”；选项C“Reduce (减少)”；选项D“Answer (回答)”。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist(神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants(植人物).(著名的神经学家克里斯特·科赫提出了一种新方法。为了跟上机器的步伐，我们应该通过植入大脑来提高我们的智力)”、第二段“Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders.(科赫指出，大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍)”、第三段“But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack(侵入) into our smartphones and laptops.(但科赫忽略了一个显而易见的事实:坏人可以侵入我们的智能手机和笔记本电脑)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了我们是否需要大脑植入物来跟上机器人。所以“Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?( 我们需要大脑植入物来跟上机器人吗?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
Passage 4
（2023·山西·校联考模拟预测）What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.
There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.
But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage（人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory（虚幻的）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.
13．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
14．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories.
15．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?
A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
16．What is the text mainly about?
A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depression and happiness are equally important.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．C
【导语】本篇是议论文。本文对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述。得出的结论是：人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.(然而，有证据表明，过度追求幸福与更大的抑郁风险有关)”可知，在第2段可以找到过于关注“幸福”的负面影响。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option.  Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain.  Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness.  Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive.  All the good things in life involve suffering.  Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.(但是最大化快乐并不是唯一的选择。每个人的生活，即使是最幸运的人，也充满了痛苦。痛苦的损失，痛苦的失望，身体上受伤或生病的痛苦，以及长期忍受无聊、孤独或悲伤的精神痛苦。痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。生活中所有美好的事物都伴随着苦难。写小说、跑马拉松或生孩子，都是为了追求最终的快乐结果而痛苦的)”可知，作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason.  But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual.  Happiness requires others;  it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.(在亚里士多德看来，我们通过行使人类独特的思考和推理能力来获得幸福。但思考和推理既是个体活动，也是社会活动。幸福需要别人;与其说它是一种情感状态，不如说是我们与他人培养的良好关系)”可知，在亚理士多德看来“幸福并不是个体的情感状态，需要我们与他人培养良好的关系”。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章第一段通过设问的方式引出话题；第二段指出，现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生的负面影响；第三至六段表明，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。故选C。
Passage 5
（2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave. Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.
Today, computers often play both roles. Nicholas Carr, in his new book The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, takes a stand on whether such technology imprisons or liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’. He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.
All of this has obvious implications for the use of technology in classrooms: When do technologies free students to think about more interesting and complex questions, and when do they destroy the very cognitive (认知) capacities that they are meant to improve? The effect of spell check and AutoCorrect software is an example. Psychologists have found the act of forming a word in your mind strengthens your capacity to remember it. When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.
This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students. When students find themselves without automated spelling assistance, they don’t face the prospect of freezing to death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctioned, but they’re more likely to make errors. This creates a vicious cycle: The more we use the technology, the more we need to use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, our position as masters of technology starts to seem more insecure.
17．What did Marx and Engels think of the machine?
A．It did the boring daily work for people.
B．It failed to free people from being enslaved.
C．It gave people more time to enjoy themselves.
D．It was the result of the development of technology.
18．Which of the following is Nicholas Carr most likely to agree with?
A．Technology is a guarantee of freedom.
B．Doctors should stay away from technology.
C．Too much involvement with technology may be risky.
D．Some decision-assistance software needs improving.
19．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph4 refer to?
A．Students being unable to spell words correctly.
B．Spell check helping students remember more words.
C．Students depending too much on spelling software.
D．Spellcheck destroying students’ cognitive capacities.
20．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Is technology making people stupid or not?
B．Which areas are most affected by technology?
C．Are people satisfied with the advancement of technology?
D．Why shouldn’t technology be employed in the classroom?
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人类与科技之间的关系，究竟科技是被人很好的利用，还是人已经成为了科技的奴隶。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated.  Marx and Engels saw things differently.  “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.”（亚里士多德设想，如果机器变得自动化，技术可以取代奴隶制。马克思和恩格斯的看法不同。他们在《共产党宣言》中写道：“大批工人每天每时都在被机器奴役。”）可知，亚里士多德认为技术可以消除奴隶制，但马克思和恩格斯持相反的观点，认为人成为了机器的奴隶，即某种程度上来讲并没有真正地从“奴隶”中解放出来。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’.  He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.”（他认为，我们的参与度越来越高，但高科技陷阱的不可见性给了我们“自由的形象”。他描述了那些过于依赖决策辅助软件的医生，他们忽视了病人身上不明显的信号）可知，Nicholas Carr认为，过度依赖科技对工作的辅助，可能会使得进行工作的人忽视真正应该关注的要点。由此推知，他可能会同意“过多地参与技术可能会有风险”这一观点。故选C。
19．词义猜测题。根据第三段的“When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.”（当计算机自动纠正拼写错误时，我们不再被迫在脑海中形成正确的拼写）和第四段的“This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students.(这似乎不是很重要。单词的形成过程不仅是对拼写技能的补充，也会毁了学生)”可知，第四段中的this指代的是学生无法正确地拼写单词的情况。即学生无法正确拼写单词似乎不是很重要，但单词的形成过程是对拼写的补充，如果没有这个过程，对学生是一种极大的伤害。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。第一段提到本文认为的观点“One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave.”（人类与技术互动的最古老的隐喻之一是主从关系）即技术应该为人所用，而不是取代人的地位。第二段提到Nicholas Carr的观点：依赖技术反而会忽略一些更重要的事情。第三、四段提到了技术在课堂上的使用会影响学生的认知能力，并且会让学生更容易出错，从而可能会形成一种恶性循环：出的错越多，我们使用的技术就越多，使用的技术越多就越需要在各种不同的情况下使用它，可能会让人失去一些思考的能力，使人变笨了，很有可能有一天人的地位会被技术所取代。A项“Is technology making people stupid or not?”（科技是否会让人变笨?）该项符合文意。故选A。
Passage 6
（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.
“What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. I Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.
We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.
At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.
Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.
21．How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul?
A．Unexceptional. B．Boring.
C．Refreshing. D．Old-fashioned.
22．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Innovation is important for the growth of economy.
B．The public has misread the meaning of innovation.
C．The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.
D．Truly innovative ideas shouldn’t be simple and effective.
23．What does the writer agree with about innovation?
A．Wasting resources are a must for innovation.
B．Magic devices encourage innovation.
C．Innovation should be human-centered.
D．The power of technology is undervalued.
24．What is the writing purpose of the text?
A．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.
B．To show that future lies in returning to the past.
C．To introduce some best ideas about innovation.
D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是什么是真正的创新。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. (当我走进首尔三清公园图书馆时，我看到了未来。这座简单的建筑里有很好的书籍选择和一个咖啡馆，读者可以一边喝咖啡，一边凝视着外面的树叶。)”可知， 作者觉得首尔三清公园图书馆是让人耳目一新。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. (但是，对错过的恐惧使我们陷入了创新的虚假陷阱，而不是真正创新的想法，这些想法可能更简单、更有效。)”可知， 第三段主要讲的是公众误读了创新的含义。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones.  The idea isn’t new.  It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents.  And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality. (看看纽约的街道就知道了，这些街道最近被重新设计，为骑自行车的人提供了无车区。这个想法并不新鲜。它是半个世纪前创建的，目的是把城市带回给居民。当电子阅读器的销量呈爆炸式增长时，企鹅公司刚刚宣布将出版小型纸质书，这是一个既要求方便又要求实物的市场的理想解决方案。)”可知，作者同意的观点是创新要以人为本。故选C。
24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies. (真正的创新不只是一些神奇的装置。这是一个持续的反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用“旧”的思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法。经过适当调整，这些后视镜创新已被证明与新技术一样具有变革性。)”可知，本文主要论述的是什么是真正的创新，因此目的是让人们相信创新的真谛。故选A。
Passage 7
（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and “consequences” for those that don’t.
Peter A．DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding from the federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).
Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit (运输).
Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.
Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.
25．How does the government provide motivation?
A．By praising. B．By punishing.
C．By financing. D．By restricting.
26．What is an intended result of the bill?
A．Greatly changed climate. B．More convenient stores.
C．Stable fuel economy standards. D．Eco-friendly transport system.
27．Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing?
A．To oppose the emission measure. B．To introduce solutions to emission.
C．To call for attention to rural areas. D．To list several reasons for emission.
28．What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4?
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving.
C．Shocked. D．Confident.
【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，美国国会通过一项议案，敦促各州削减温室气体的排放。
25．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding from the federal government. (根据该提案，减排的州可以获得10亿美元的资金，并可能从联邦政府获得其他奖金。)”可知，政府通过奖励10亿美元和其他可能的津贴资助来提供激励。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. (作为美国最大的温室气体排放国，运输业对减排的关注主要集中在通过向充电工厂投入资金和支持电池驱动的汽车来采用电动汽车上。这项新措施站在环保倡导者一边，他们认为，如果不改变美国人的出行方式，美国就无法应对不断变化的气候。)”可知，该法案旨在削减温室气体排放，主要针对交通行业，故法案推行的结果必然是交通系统转变成生态友好型的。故选D。
27．推理判断题。第四自然段第一句“Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. (对排放措施的反对根深蒂固。)”是该段的主旨句，指出美国各州对削减温室气体排放措施的反对是根深蒂固的。后面所列举的5个西部州以高额交通税为名反对该法案。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said. (交通研究人员Kevin DeGood说，基本的建筑决定了人们出行的方式。他说：“有趣的是，州交通部门在信中表示，他们并没有对交通行业的温室气体排放产生深刻影响。”)”可知，Kevin在评价五个西部州在信中的观点时用了funny(滑稽的；搞笑的)一词，以及他说的“他们并没有对交通行业的温室气体排放产生深刻影响”可以看出他对于第四段中五个州交通部门写的信持“不赞成”的态度。故选B。
Passage 8
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）Thanks to in-depth reporting by The Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.
While the information the journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress caused by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for refusing to give data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?
While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is almost impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
29．What does the author think of the criticisms against Instagram?
A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.
B．They are not directed at the fundamental problem.
C．They are only based on the data released by Facebook.
D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.
30．Why is Netflix mentioned?
A．To defend why Facebook is to blame.
B．To show Netflix does more harm to teens.
C．To suggest the critics’ remarks are not to the point.
D．To compare the criticisms against it and Facebook.
31．Why is the Instagram problem essentially a “people problem”?
A．People have a tendency to feel insecure online.
B．People are keen on making up their self-profile.
C．It is human nature to get addicted to social media.
D．Users decide on their experiences on social media.
32．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebook.
B．The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.
C．The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.
D．The root of mental sufferings caused by Instagram.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．D 32．D
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责 Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”可推知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选B项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?(你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗?我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害？)”可推知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经很容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的影响——就像许多青少年一样——你会找到一些让你着迷的账户。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down，this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram 的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。由此可知，文章主要论述了Instagram造成精神痛苦的根源。故选D项。
Passage 9
（2023·广东韶关·统考二模）Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset. Although this works well for many people, according to British motivational philosopher Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.
A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech Before You Feel Pressure went viral on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.
In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.
We shouldn’t let anyone rush us. As Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that’s counted truly counts. ”
The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and embrace our own passions. In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book, she recorded the regrets of her dying patients, and the top one on the list was, “I wish l had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.
“It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told National Geographic. “It’s disconnecting from what ‘makes sense’ to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally.”
33．What is many people’s life path like according to Paragraph 1?
A．It suits everyone fine.
B．It is preset by parents.
C．It includes two major stages.
D．It seems to be a fixed pattern.
34．What does Shetty want to convey in the video?
A．Run your own race.
B．Follow the preset path.
C．Think outside the box.
D．Integrate our ideas with others’.
35．How does Shetty prove his idea in Paragraph 3?
A．By using quotes.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparison.
D．By analyzing figures.
36．Which statement does the author most probably agree with?
A．Accept what others teach us.
B．Stick to our own internal thoughts.
C．Live up to others’ expectations of us.
D．Reflect on what we undergo in our life.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了我们的人生不应该遵循固定的模式，我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，坚持我们自己内心的想法，走我们自己的人生道路。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset.”（我们中的许多人的生活似乎都遵循着某种道路。从幼儿园到结婚，我们生活的每一个阶段似乎都是预设的。）可知，我们许多人的生活似乎都遵循着某种道路，似乎都是预设好的，由此可知，根据第一段内容可知许多人的人生道路似乎是一种固定的模式。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.”（在视频中，他发出了一个重要信息，即我们应该“跳出道路”思考，并有勇气追随自己的内心。Shetty补充道，我们不必感到压力，不必让自己与同龄人竞争，也不必根据他人来判断自己的生活。生活中的一切都是根据我们的时间和时钟发生的。）可知，Shetty在视频中建议我们追随自己的内心生活，不必根据他人来判断自己的生活，由此可知，Shetty想要在视频中传达“按照自己的节奏生活”这一想法。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.”（Shetty在鼓舞人心的演讲中指出，英国作家J·K·罗琳在32岁时出版了她著名的《哈利·波特》系列丛书，此前她被12家出版商拒绝。Shetty还提到，中国商人马云直到35岁才创办阿里巴巴集团，而美国演员Morgan Freeman直到52岁才获得重大突破。）可知，Shetty在第三段中列举了英国作家J·K·罗琳、中国商人马云和美国演员Morgan Freeman的例子来证明他的想法，由此可知，Shetty在第三段中通过举例说明来证明他的想法。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.”（事实上，我们每个人的个性和天赋都是独一无二的，没有适合所有人的。我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，忘记世界教会我们的东西。）可知，作者认为我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，坚持我们自己的内心想法，走我们自己的人生道路，结合选项可知，作者最有可能同意的说法是“坚持我们自己的内心想法”。故选B项。
Passage 10
（2023·江西赣州·统考二模）Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep.
Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different — some people wash their face at night, and some take a bath — just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the weekend; consistency matters. Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy.
Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to sleep well.
The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68 degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine.
37．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A routine can be helpful in getting quality sleep.
B．It’s best to avoid screens before you go to bed.
C．Higher quality of sleep leads to better mental health.
D．Listening to music makes it difficult to stay asleep.
38．What will happen when people relax during sleep at night?
A．They’ll take more regular breaths. B．They’ll feel cooler than in the day.
C．Their skin temperature will rise. D．They will not get enough oxygen.
39．What main point does the author want to make in the last paragraph?
A．Good sleep can be made at any time. B．Sleep is important for many reasons.
C．Try to develop good sleep habits now. D．Lost sleep makes no difference to people.
40．What’s the structure of the text?
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，高质量的睡眠至关重要，作者在文章中主要论述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的习惯并严格执行、保持凉爽的温度有益于提高睡眠质量。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段“Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different-some people wash their face at night, and some take a bath-just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the weekend; consistency matters. (我们大多数人在白天按照习惯就会表现更好。我们在晚上按照习惯也会更好，因为我们想要跟上我们自然的身体节奏。每个人的习惯可能是不同的——有些人晚上洗脸，有些人洗澡——只要确保这是一种习惯。工作日和周末都是如此；一致性很重要。)”可知，养成习惯有助于获得高质量的睡眠。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. (通常情况下，人们在睡觉时会放松，往往会放慢一切。当他们放松时，他们会深呼吸，增加氧气流量，从而提高皮肤温度。)”可知，当人们在晚上睡觉时放松，他们的皮肤温度会升高。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine. (归根结底，出于多种原因，睡眠绝对至关重要。它帮助我们修复和恢复活力，这样我们就可以对抗感染，集中注意力，调节我们的情绪，为自己和我们生活中的人出现，并且基本上像人类一样发挥作用。我们无法弥补失去的睡眠，这与许多夜猫子的想法相反。所以，现在真的是时候了，我们应该尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始。)”可知，作者阐述良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的，并由此得出结论：从现在开始，尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始；由此可知，作者在最后一段要阐述的主要观点是现在就努力养成良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。
40．推理判断题。在文章第一段“Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep. (睡眠是修复性的。因为我们需要在睡觉时修复很多东西，所以获得高质量的睡眠很重要。)”作者阐述了高质量睡眠的重要性；由第二段中“Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy. (有一个放松下来，准备睡觉的程序，每天晚上在同一时间进行。找一些能让你放松的事情，让你慢慢入睡。可以是阅读、听音乐、冥想、祈祷——任何既放松又有益健康的事情。)”可知第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三段“Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to sleep well. (通常情况下，人们会在睡前放松，并倾向于放慢一切。当他们放松时，他们会深呼吸，增加氧气流量，从而提高皮肤温度。这就是为什么我们在凉爽的环境中睡得更好的关键原因之一。如果你的皮肤温度升高，而你的房间已经有点热了，你就会热得睡不好觉。)”以及第四段“The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68 degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for an exact, perfect sleeping temperature. (确切的温度是个人问题。关键是它更倾向于冷而不是热。许多人认为68度的环境既不会冷到让人发抖，也不会热到让人出汗。但是没有科学证据证明一个精确的、完美的睡眠温度。)”阐述了睡觉放松时人们皮肤温度会升高，凉爽的环境有助于提高睡眠质量；在文章最后一段“At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine. (归根结底，出于多种原因，睡眠绝对至关重要。它帮助我们修复和恢复活力，这样我们就可以对抗感染，集中注意力，调节我们的情绪，为自己和我们生活中的人出现，并且基本上像人类一样发挥作用。我们无法弥补失去的睡眠，这与许多夜猫子的想法相反。所以，现在真的是时候了，我们应该尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始。)”作者阐述良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的；并对自己的观点进行总结：从现在开始养成良好的习惯，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝习惯开始；由此可知，本文为总——分——总结构，其中第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三、四段阐述了凉爽的温度有助于提高睡眠质量；A选项符合文章结构。故选A。