人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。

1. There is much ________ (think) to be done. It’s a very complex problem. 

2. The ________ (find) of the court have been published on Wednesday. 

3. All eyes ________ (cast) upon the speaker. 

4. She bought a ________ (mechanic) dog for her sister. 

5. I am busy at the moment; I’ll get one of the ________ (assist) to see you. 

6. I shall think of her as the most ________ (gift) violinist here. 

7. He wished to be an ________ (astronomy) when he was a child. 

8. We think it is ________ (importance) to obey the laws. 

9. I don’t feel it difficult ________ (understand) the Special English.

10. A quarrel broke ________ between them. 

答案: 1. thinking　2. findings　3. were cast   4. mechanical　

5. assistants　6. gifted  7. astronomer　8. important

9. to understand　10. out 

Ⅱ. 语法填空。

Isaac Asimov was a Russian-American writer and scientist1.　　　　 became a fulltime writer in 1985. And he was 2.________ (well) known for his science fiction stories. It was when he was eleven years old 3.________ his talent for writing was obvious. He began having his stories 4.________ (publish) in science fiction magazines in 1989. In the 5.________ (follow) years, he published his first novel and his first science book. Throughout his life, he received many 6.________ (award). The famous Foundation Trilogy(《基地三部曲》), 7.________ which he won an award, was 8.________ (loose) based on the fall of the Roman but about the future. In the book I, Robot, Asimov developed a set of three “laws” for robots, which later 9.________ (influence) other writers and even scientists researching into artificial 10.________ (intelligent). 

答案: 1. who/that　2. best/well　3. that  4. published　5. following　6. awards　7. for  8. loosely　9. influenced　10. intelligence

[提升测评]

Ⅲ. 阅读理解。

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious—he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seems to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum (光谱). He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which is not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

1. How does the text describe a curious scientist?

A. He looks for new ways of acting.

B. He is interested in problems that are explained.

C. He doesn’t find confidence or pleasure in work.

D. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

解析: 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句“... he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seems to be unconnected.”可知,求知欲强是科学家的特质之一,他想了解宇宙是如何运转的。他通常会注意那些没有令人满意解释的问题,即使现有的数据似乎毫无关联,他也要一探究竟。由此可推断,求知欲强的科学家会努力调查事物间潜在的联系,故选D。

答案: D

2. What do we know about a successful scientist according to the text?

A. He wouldn’t easily believe in unchecked statements.

B. He wouldn’t easily criticize others’ research work.

C. He wouldn’t always use his imagination in work.

D. He wouldn’t always use evidence from observation.

解析: 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.”可知,科学家总是不断地检验各种观点,谨慎而客观地做实验,所以他不会轻易相信未加验证的陈述,故选A。

答案: A

3. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A. Confusing.　　　　 B. Complicated.

C. Complete.    D. Concrete.

解析: 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“data which is not only complex but also frequently incomplete”可知,科学家不得不在复杂且常常不完整的数据中寻找关联,故选B。

答案: B

4. What does the text mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology.

B. Progress in modern society.

C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting.

D. How to become a successful scientist.

解析: 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要陈述的是科学家的思维和行为模式。文章从第三段至最后一段都是在具体阐述科学家思维和行为模式,故选C。

答案: C

Ⅳ. 完形填空。

Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist. He has made several very important medical 　1　. When a newspaper journalist asked him why he was able to be so much more 　2　 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 　3　 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. 

Stephen had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he 　4　 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen,instead of 　5　 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising him,she said, “What a great and wonderful 　6　 you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. Well, the 　7　 has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 　8　 we clean it up?” 

Indeed, he did. After a few minutes,his mother said, “Stephen,whenever you make a mess like this, 　9　 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order.”And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said,“You know,what we have here is a 　10　 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the backyard and 　11　 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 　12　 without dropping it. What a good 　13　 to him! 

This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 　14　. Instead,he learned that mistakes were just chances for learning something new,which is,after all,what scientific 　15　 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something valuable from it. 

1. A. impressions　　　 B. breakthroughs

C. promises    D. intentions

解析:根据上文的“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist.”可知,史蒂芬·格伦取得了几次非常重要的医学突破(breakthroughs)。故选B项。

答案:B

2. A. outgoing    B. responsible

C. warm-hearted  D. creative

解析:根据上文的“He has made several very important medical 　1　.”可知,新闻记者问他为什么他能比一般人更有创造力(creative)。故选D项。 

答案:D

3. A. experience   B. word

C. argument    D. adventure

解析:根据下文的“that occurred when he was a child”可知,史蒂芬·格伦回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和他母亲的一次经历(experience)。故选A项。

答案:A

4. A. lost    B. tightened

C. adjusted   D. caught

解析:根据下文的“it fell,spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk”可知,史蒂芬·格伦失去了(lost)对奶瓶的控制。故选A项。

答案:A

5. A. looking   B. yelling

C. smiling   D. glancing

解析:根据下文的“giving him a lecture or chastising him,she said, ‘What a great and wonderful 　6　 you have made ...’”可知,史蒂芬·格伦的妈妈并未对他大声吼叫(yelling)。故选B项。 

答案:B

6. A. discovery  B. mess

C. change   D. joke

解析:根据下文的“‘stephen, whenever you make a mess like this”可知选B项。

答案:B

7. A. injury   B. research

C. assignment  D. damage

解析:根据下文的“Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes”可知,妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦,损失(damage)已经造成了,那就玩一会儿吧。故选D项。

答案:D

8. A. when    B. as

C. after    D. before

解析:妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前(before),史蒂芬·格伦是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。故选D项。

答案:D

9. A. gradually   B. initially

C. eventually  D. constantly

解析:妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟,最终(eventually)都必须把它清理干净。故选C项。

答案:C

10. A. successful  B. failed

C. completed  D. useless

解析:根据上文的“when he 　4　 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell,spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk”可知,他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大牛奶瓶的失败的(failed)实验。故选B项。 

答案:B

11. A. fill    B. wash

C. polish   D. cover

解析:根据下文的“with water”可知,用水装满(fill)瓶子。故选A项。

答案:A

12. A. make up  B. make off

C. make it   D. make sense

解析:make up弥补;make off匆忙离开;make it获得成功;make sense有道理。根据上文的“The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”可知,史蒂芬·格伦成功做到了(make it)。故选C项。

答案:C

13. A. attitude   B. apology

C. project   D. lesson

解析:这对他是一个多么好的教训(lesson)啊!故选D项。

答案:D

14. A. efforts   B. plans

C. mistakes  D. decisions

解析:根据下文的“Instead, he learned that mistakes”可知,他不必害怕犯错(mistakes)。故选C项。

答案:C

15. A. achievements B. approaches

C. seminars  D. experiments

解析:根据下文的“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”可知,此处指科学实验(experiments)。故选D项。

答案:D