高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture课后复习题

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking (1)

阅读理解。

A

Bangkok, Thailand, is known for having some of the best street foods in the world. Now, one street seller is being officially recognized for her tasty creations. The roadside restaurant Jay Fai in Bangkok was recently awarded a star in the highly respected Michelin Guide to restaurants around the world. Officials from the guide visit restaurants and then give them a rating of 1 to 3 stars, based on the entire quality.

Jay Fai is like many other street restaurants across Bangkok. The owner and chef is 72-year-old Fai Junsuta. She prepares the food in an open-air kitchen. She does all of the cooking in a couple of large pans (平底锅), and wears special glasses to protect her eyes from an endless stream of smoke. Some of the restaurant’s most popular food items are crab omelets, crab curries and dried congee.

Many restaurants wait years to receive Michelin stars. “I knew the Michelin name before but I did not know it had to do with cooking,” she said. “I am very proud. I feel extremely enjoyable and I am on top of the world.” But she added that she would quickly be returning to the kitchen after attending an awards ceremony. “We do not have a lot of staff because I’m a bit difficult and crazy,” she said.

In announcing the selections, Michelin said Bangkok has learned how to successfully offer many kinds of international cooking styles without giving up its own food heritage.

Thailand’s Tourism Authority signed a partnership with Michelin to create the Bangkok guide. The partnership followed an announcement last year that Thai officials planned to forbid street food sellers in Bangkok in an effort to clean up the city. The government later backed away from its plans to completely remove all street food sellers. But officials did make some rules to prevent sellers from blocking traffic and people.

1. What do you know about Jay Fai?

A. It only has one cook.

B. Its kitchen is the special feature of the restaurant.

C. It serves a variety of dishes in simple surroundings.

D. It is famous for its clean eating environment and delicious food.

解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中“The owner and chef is 72-year-old Fai Junsuta. She prepares the food in an open-air kitchen. She does all of the cooking in a couple of large pans, and wears special glasses to protect her eyes from an endless stream of smoke. Some of the restaurant’s most popular food items are crab omelets, crab curries and dried congee.”可知,Jay Fai饭店的店主和主厨是72岁的Fai Junsuta。她在露天厨房里准备食物。她用几个大锅烹饪所有的菜肴,并戴着特殊的眼镜, 以保护她的眼睛免受无尽的油烟伤害。饭店中最受欢迎的食物是蟹煎蛋、蟹咖喱和干粥。由此可推知,Jay Fai饭店在简单的环境中提供各种菜肴服务。故选C。

答案:C

2. What can we infer about Fai Junsuta?

A. She had long desired to receive a Michelin star.

B. She felt excited after her restaurant got a Michelin star.

C. She had no difficulty in employing more staff for her restaurant.

D. She would be late for the awards ceremony since the restaurant was busy.

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘I am very proud. I feel extremely enjoyable and I am on top of the world.’”可知,Jay Fai饭店得到米其林评星后,Fai Junsuta很自豪,并且感觉非常愉快、欣喜若狂。故选B。

答案:B

3. What’s the government’s new decision about street food sellers?

A. Helping them manage the restaurants better.

B. Forbidding them to sell food on the streets.

C. Encouraging them to enlarge their restaurants.

D. Carrying out some treatment measures.

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The government later backed away from its plans to completely remove all street food sellers. But officials did make some rules to prevent sellers from blocking traffic and people. ”可知,政府后来放弃了彻底清除所有街头食品小贩的计划。但官员们确实制定了一些规则,以防止卖家堵塞交通和人群。由此可知,(泰国)政府最新对街头食品小贩实施了一些整治措施。故选D。

答案:D

B

“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.

Did your mother ever tell you to eat carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic is good for you, too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.

Unfortunately, not all of mum’s advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.

Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the “old wives’ tales”. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false. 

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes.

B. Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth.

C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous.

D. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Sticky sweets ... tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.”可以看出,有黏性的糖果的确对牙齿有害。故选B。

答案:B

5. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?

A. By cause and effect.

B. By order in space.

C. By order in time.

D. By examples.

解析:推理判断题。第三段第一句是主题句,接着本段列举了“饭后一小时内游泳”和“吃糖”这两个例子来支持主题句。因此,这一段主要是通过举例来论述的。故选D。

答案:D

6. What does the underlined phrase “hold water” mean in the last paragraph?

A. To be believable.

B. To be valuable.

C. To be admirable.

D. To be suitable.

解析:词义猜测题。“don’t hold water”与“there is still a lot of truth”意义相对立,那么“hold water”与“there is still a lot of truth”意义相似。故选A。

答案:A

7. What is the author’s attitude towards “old wives’ tales” in the text?

A. Subjective.　　　　 B. Objective.

C. Dissatisfied.   D. Curious.

解析:推理判断题。综合全文,作者既指出了一些传统说法是正确的,又说明了一些传统观念是没有科学依据的。最后一段作者表明了对这些观念的尊重,因此我们可以看出作者的态度是客观的。故选B。

答案:B

C

Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now California and Vermont have laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆制肥料).

Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, tea bags, and egg shells. Garden waste such as leaves can also be composted but meat and fish waste cannot be recycled.

According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills (垃圾填埋场). Composted waste holds many nutrients (营养物) and it can be added to the soil in gardens and fields.

Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are adopting food-waste recycling laws. Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law asking people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine for people who put it into regular garbage.

Renee Crowley, a project manager at the Lower East Side Ecology Centre, points out that in communities where food recycling is not a law, there are places where people can drop off their food waste for composting. Many schools and colleges have also started composting programmes.

Critics of food-recycling laws say that the composting process may be utopian because it is difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste as they don’t have outside storage bins. One resident of Orange County, Lily, said that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.

8. What do we know about composting?

A. All the food waste can be composted.

B. Composted waste is of benefit to crops.

C. Composting will make landfills disappear.

D. Composting means recycling paper and plastics.

解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的“Composted waste holds many nutrients and it can be added to the soil in gardens and fields.”可知,堆肥含有丰富的营养物质,有利于庄稼的生长。故选B。

答案:B

9. What are officials in Seattle trying to do?

A. Reduce food waste going into landfills.

B. Ban businesses from dropping off food waste.

C. Call on schools to start composting programmes.

D. Make laws to punish people putting trash into garbage.

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage.”可知,西雅图的官员尽可能地减少进入垃圾填埋场的食物垃圾。故选A。

答案:A

10. What does the underlined word “utopian” mean?

A. Slow.    B. Unexpected.

C. Unrealistic.   D. Expensive.

解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容可知,这个堆肥过程不太现实,因为住在公寓的人在室外没有储存这些食物垃圾的容器。故选C。

答案:C

11. What does the text mainly tell us?

A. The benefits of composting.

B. How to deal with food waste in our life.

C. There is too much food waste in the world.

D. Laws about recycling food waste.

解析:主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们有关回收食物垃圾的法律。 故选D。

答案:D

Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。

1. Most of these new tools and services have been marketed to the ________ (consume). 

2. We recommend that you solve all errors prior to ________ (test) the system. 

3. Our greatest happiness consists ________ serving the people. 

4. The teacher came in with some students ________ (follow) him. 

5. I ________ hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 

6. ________ (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 

7. Put more ________ (simple), happiness lies in hard work. 

8. As we all know, everyone admires her because she is ________ (elegance) and beautiful.  

9. Both restaurant ________ (chef) and housewives are expert in cooking seafood, soups and meat. 

10. Promotion in the first year is only given in ________ (exception) situations. 

答案: 1. consumer　2. testing　3. in　4. following

5. do　6. Exhausted　7. simply　8. elegant

9. chefs　10. exceptional

Ⅱ. 用适当的介/副词填空。

1. An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case ________ point. 

2. ________ a minimum, the working space should not be dull and depressing. 

3. ________ the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 

4. You can slice ________ just a few cookies to bake at a time.  

5. Note that you must take some medicine prior ________ this change happening.  

6. We would like to go hand ________ hand with you and to create a more splendid future together. 

7. This is a technical problem, which I will have to refer ________ our technical department. 

8. A year consists ________ twelve months. 

答案: 1. in　2. At　3. With　4. off　5. to　6. in　7. to　8. of

Ⅲ. 语法填空。

Most people today relate this saying “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” 1.________ healthy eating. 2.________, Brillat-Savarin was 3.________ (actual) referring to our personality, character, and culture. Prior to 4.________ (come) to China, the writer’s only experience with Chinese cooking was in America and it 5.________ (change) to suit American tastes. After he had a chance 6.________ (experience) authentic Chinese food by coming to China, he 7.________ (realise) that through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 8.________ (kind). The kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in 9.________ (they) region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. 10.________ we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand. 

答案: 1. to　2. However　3. actually　4. coming

5. had been changed　6. to experience　7. realised

8. kindness　9. their　10. What

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 阅读理解。

(2022年·全国乙卷)

The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.

1. Why was the sugar tax introduced?

A. To collect money for schools.

B. To improve the quality of drinks.

C. To protect children’s health.

D. To encourage research in education.

解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.”可知,2016年4月首次宣布,该税适用于每100ml含糖超过5g的软饮料,旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。故选C。

答案:C

2. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

A. They turned to overseas markets.

B. They raised the prices of their products.

C. They cut down on their production.

D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知,超过一半的商店销售的软饮料的糖含量已被制造商降低,以避免纳税。故选D。

答案:D

3. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

A. Most alcoholic drinks.

B. Milk-based drinks.

C. Fruit juices.

D. Classic Coke.

解析:细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税,并拒绝改变,因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的,每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。故选D。

答案:D

4. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

A. It is a short-sighted decision.

B. It is a success story.

C. It benefits manufacturers.

D. It upsets customers.

解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”可知,根据一位政府官员的说法,今天的数据显示了糖税正在产生积极影响,它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。由此可推知,糖税政策的实施是成功的。故选B。

答案:B

Ⅴ. 完形填空。

One rainy night, I was waiting at a crossroads in my car when someone knocked on my window. It was a young boy 　1　 for something. After I heard his suffering, my heart suddenly dropped. 　2　, I was afraid of reaching out. 

What if he asked for more? What if he was just used by bad people to provoke (唤起) 　3　 in people? I didn’t want to give him money but remembered that little burger my kid didn’t want to eat any more on the back seat. Food would be a better and safer 　4　. So I rolled down my window, handed the burger to him and 　5　. He did the same through the pouring rain. 

Again my heart dropped. “How can he be happy for something so 　6　?” I suddenly felt like I was doing something 　7　. I should have done more for him. Half guilty (愧疚的), I 　8　 at least my smile would tell him that I cared about him. 

The light turned green, which meant we had to end our 　9　. As I looked back to see what he would do, I saw him 　10　 to another boy in the opposite street. When the boy ran up to him, he 　11　 the burger in half, and gave one part to him. My heart dropped a third time. 

I asked myself, “How could a child so poor 　12　 the little he had?” Here I was in a comfortable car, worried about him taking 　13　 of me. 

That experience showed me how something 　14　 lives in those who seem to have nothing. I also saw how easily I 　15　 the stereotype (刻板印象) of society to prevent my ability to give. 

1. A. searching　　　　　　B. waiting

C. asking     D. fighting

解析:根据下文作者给小男孩汉堡可知,这个小男孩向作者乞讨一些东西。

答案:C

2. A. Naturally     B. Clearly

C. However     D. Instead

解析:根据空后的“I was afraid of”可知,作者虽对小男孩的遭遇感到很心痛,但又有所顾忌,前后构成了转折。

答案:C

3. A. pity      B. shame

C. courage     D. worry

解析:根据空前的“used by bad people”可知,作者担心小男孩被坏人利用,以此来博得人们的同情。

答案:A

4. A. gift      B. promise

C. return     D. choice

解析:根据上文作者对给小男孩钱的担心可知,他认为给食物是更好、更安全的选择。

答案:D

5. A. smiled     B. left

C. greeted     D. listened

解析:根据下一段“I 　8　 at least my smile would tell him that I cared about him.”可知,作者对小男孩微笑了。 

答案:A

6. A. cheap      B. common

C. small      D. unfresh

解析:根据上文“remembered that little burger my kid didn’t want to eat any more on the back seat”可知,作者好奇小男孩怎么能对如此小的东西感到那么高兴。

答案:C

7. A. wrong     B. dishonest

C. special     D. great

解析:根据下文“I should have done more for him.”及“Half guilty”可知,作者突然感觉自己好像做错了事情。

答案:A

8. A. proved     B. hoped

C. explained    D. agreed

解析:根据空前的“Half guilty”可知,作者有点内疚,所以他希望他的微笑能使小男孩觉得自己是在意他的。

答案:B

9. A. meeting     B. conversation

C. introduction    D. relationship

解析:根据上文可知,作者只是倾听了小男孩的遭遇,并没有和他交流,所以他们之间只是一次相遇。

答案:A

10. A. point     B. talk

C. wave      D. reply

解析:根据下文“in the opposite street”及“When the boy ran up to him”可知,小男孩要到汉堡之后向街对面的另一个小男孩挥手,示意他过来。

答案:C

11. A. cut      B. pulled

C. broke      D. knocked

解析:根据上下文语境可知,小男孩要到的是一个汉堡,而且他没有任何工具来分汉堡,所以他用手把汉堡掰成两半分给另一个小男孩。

答案:C

12. A. treasure     B. pack

C. save      D. share

解析:根据上文小男孩把自己乞讨到的一个汉堡分享给另一个小男孩可知,作者好奇一个如此贫穷的小男孩怎么能做到跟别人分享自己仅有的一点东西。

答案:D

13. A. advantage    B. control

C. notice     D. hold

解析:根据上文作者一开始很纠结到底要不要伸出援手可知,他担心自己被利用。

答案:A

14. A. strong     B. expensive

C. rich      D. useful

解析:根据空后的“who seem to have nothing”可知,这次经历让作者感悟到物质上贫乏的人内心也可以很富有,此处的rich和nothing形成了对比。

答案:C

15. A. encouraged    B. allowed

C. expected    D. forced

解析:根据作者一开始的担心和犹豫以及他最终只给了小男孩一个吃剩下的汉堡可知,他很容易让社会的刻板印象阻止了他给予的能力。

答案:B