专题42 9BU2-备战2024年初中英语中考单元知识点一遍过（牛津译林版）

这是一份专题42 9BU2-备战2024年初中英语中考单元知识点一遍过（牛津译林版），共16页。
9BU2-牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过
（江苏专用）

过单词短语



1．Who do you think is the greatest person in history, Eddie? Eddie, 你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人。
① do you think 意为“你认为”，在句中是插入部分，放在特殊疑问词后。
② 混合疑问句的句式： 特殊疑问词＋do you think（或其他表示心里活动的词）＋陈述语序。
【拓展】可以用于这一结构的动词还有believe，imagine，suppose等。“陈述语序”非常重要。
例：What do you think makes her sad? 你认为什么使他难过？
What food do you think is healthy ? 你认为什么食物是健康？
What do you think I can do? 你认为我能做什么？
How much do you think this car cost?你认为这车值多少钱?

2．I’ve never heard of him. 我从没听说过他。
hear of 意为“听说”，强调从别人那里间接得知，也可用作hear about。
例：I don’t know the writer, but I have heard of him. 我从不认识这位作家，但听说过他。
I have never heard of him. Who is he? 我从未听说过他，他是谁。
【搭配】hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
hear sb. do sth. 表示“听到某人做了某事”（强调听见了整个过程）
hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听到某人正在做某事”（强调的是正在听，表进行）
大多数的感官动作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以用于这两种结构。

3．He is an inventor. He invented my favourite food. 他是一位发明家。他发明了我最喜爱的食物。
① inventor n. 发明家 invent v. 发明 invention n. 发明物
②【辨析】invent, discover, find, find out辨析
invent
发明
表示发明了以前没有或不存在的事物。
E.g. Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。
discover
发现
指发现已经存在但不为人所知道的事物,有时也指认识到某种情况。
例：Columbus is said to have discovered America in1492.
据说哥伦布于1遮92年发现了美洲。
find
发现
指通过寻找发现某人、某物。
例：They found the lost boy in the cave.
他们在山洞里发现了那个走丢的男孩。
find out
发现，查明
指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚、弄明白。
例：Can you find out whether there are any seats left?
你能查到是否还有座位剩下吗？

4．He became interested in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six. 在六岁时，他第一次坐飞机就对飞行产生了兴趣。
① become/be interested in = take/get/show an interest in 意思是“对……感兴趣”。
例：Before he was ten, he became /was very interested in science. 在他10岁之前，就对科学产生了兴趣。
The flight will take four hours. 这次航行要飞4个小时。
② at the age of 在…岁时,相当于when 引导的时间状语从句。
例：They began to learn English at the age of 8. =They began to learn English when they were 8.
他们8岁时开始学英语。

5．Armstrong joined the navy in 1949 and served as a pilot for three years 阿姆斯特朗在1949年加入了海军，并当了3年的飞行员。
① join 是短暂性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。如跟时间段状语可改成 be in / be a member of …
例：He joined the army two years ago.
= He has been in the army for two years.
=He has been a member of the army for two years.
【辨析】join, join in ,attend与take part in的区别:
① join有两个用法：
1) 指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。
例：When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？
She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
2) 和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。
例：Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？
He'll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。
② join in意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或v-ing。我们可以用join sb. in sth/ doing sth.
例：I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. 我希望你们大家都参加讨论.
Would you like to join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起去散步吗?
③ attend 表示“出席，到场”。指出席会议、课程等。
例：He said that he would attend a meeting tomorrow. 他说他明天将出席一个会议。
④ take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与join in可互换。
例：Will you take part in the English evening? 同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？
All the students took an active part in school activities. 所有的学生都积极参加学校的活动。
② serve v. 提供；（为）服务；任（职）；端上
serve as ... 服役 / 充当... 之用
例：He served as a sailor for 10 years. 他做了10 年的水手 。
Serve it with French bread.把它和法式面包一起端上去。
serve的名词是service ，意思是“服役；服务；服侍；服务业；维修服务”。
例：You've given a lifetime of service to athletics.你为田径运动贡献了一生。
The car needs a service. 这辆车该检修了。

6．He and David Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space. 他和大卫.R. 斯科特第一次成功地将两艘宇宙飞船在太空中对接起来。
① manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 manage to do=do sth. successfully
例：Lily managed to get the driving licence. 莉莉成功的拿到了驾照。
② do sth. for the first time第一次做某事
例：He comes to Beijing for the first time, so I’ll show him around. 他第一次来北京，所以我带他四处看看。

7．However, on their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control. 然而，在他们回地球的路上，航天器开始旋转失去控制。
① spin vi. 旋转 过去式: spun；过去分词：spun；现在分词：spinning
例：They spun and wove the clothing for the family. 她们为家人纺织衣服。
② out of control 失去控制，无法管理
control vt. &n. 过去式：controlled；过去分词：controlled；现在分词：controlling。
例：The car went out of control and crashed into a tree. 汽车失去控制，撞上了一棵树。
Children prefer playing with their friends to being controlled by their parents.
【搭配】beyond control 难以控制 under control 被控制的

8．Armstrong received the order to cut the flight short. 阿姆斯特朗被命令缩短航程。
① receive the order to do sth. 接到做某事的命令
【拓展】
order作动词 “命令”，order sb. (not) to do
例：He ordered me not to use his pen.
order还可作名词，表“命令，顺序”之意。 out of order/in order秩序混乱/井然
例：Please keep everything in order. 请保持一切井然有序。
in order to 为了…
例：He got up early in order to catch the early bus. 他早起为了赶早班车。
② cut ... short 把...缩短 cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut-cut。
例：He cut short his holiday to deal with the problem. 他缩短假期来解决这个问题。
We have to cut our trip short,as we have to get back before dark.我们不得不缩短行程,因为我们要在天黑前赶回去。
【搭配】cut down 砍伐；削减 cut in 插嘴；插队 cut off 切断；隔断 cut out 剪去；关掉

9．Together with Buzz Aldrin, he landed the spacecraft Apollo on the Moon. 他和巴兹.奥尔德林一起把阿波罗11号飞船降落了月球上。
① together with 意为”与… 一起, 连同” 位置比较灵活, 可以放在句首，句中，句尾或主语后，但谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。
例：Mary together with her mother often goes to the movie. Mary和她的妈妈经常去看电影。
Tom, together with his parents, is here today. Tom和他的父母今天在这儿。
【拓展】与together with类似用法的词还有along with/ as well as/ with/ besides/ like/ without/ including。

10．He was the pride of the whole world. 他是整个世界的骄傲。
pride 名词, 意为”骄傲, 可引以为豪的人/物。
【搭配】be the pride of …..意以… 的骄傲
take pride in 以…为自豪. =be proud of proud 是pride的形容词
例：You are the pride of us now, and we will be proud of you in the future.
现在你是我们的骄傲, 将来我们会为你感到自豪。

11．I am working on a history project this week. 本周我一直忙于一个课题。
work on…从事于…; 继续工作; 努力影响(说服); 致力于
例：We have to work on putting the book together.我们得努力编成这本书。
【搭配】work的常用短语：
at work 在工作；上班 work with 与…共事；对……有效
work together 合作；共事；共同工作 work for 效劳；为…工作；为…效力
hard work 努力工作；繁重的工作 work hard 努力学习；辛勤工作
work out 解决；算出；实现；制定出 work as 担任；以…身份而工作

12．My cousin Linda was chatting with me on the phone. 我的表妹琳达正和我在电话里交谈。
I was watching TV at 9 yesterday evening. 我昨天晚上9点正在看电视。
He was reading newspaper while his son was play computer games. 他正在看报纸,然而他的儿子正在玩电脑游戏。
They were flying kites the whole afternoon last Sunday. 他们上周日整个下午都在放风筝。
on the phone在打电话，在接电话
例：You're wanted on the phone.有电话找你。
We were talking on the phone when, suddenly, the line went dead.我们正通着电话，突然电话断了。

13．She married a French scientist called Pierre Curie in 1895. 在1895年，她嫁给了一个叫皮埃尔居里的人。
marry sb. : 娶某人；嫁给某人 be/ get married to sb. 与某人结婚
例：She married a college teacher. 她嫁给了一个大学老师。

14．I admire him the most. 我最钦佩他。
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
例：I’ve been admired her for being such a wonderful mother. 我一直很钦佩她作为一个如此了不起的母亲。

15．It was brave of him to go to a place that was unknown to humans at that time. 他很勇敢，在那个时候敢于到人类还不知晓的地方去。
此句中that was unknown to humans at that time 是定语从句，用来修饰先行词a place, that 是引导词，又称关系代词。在这里that也可以用which替换。
例：The letter (that/which) I received was from my father. 我昨天收到的那封信是我爸爸写来的。

16．In 1964, he happened to find a natural hybrid rice plant that had many advantages over others. 在1964年，他碰巧发现一种比其他更有优势的天然杂交水稻。
① happen to do sth. 碰巧，恰好做某事
例：She happened to be out when he called. 他打电话时, 她恰巧不在家。
② have an advantage over / have advantages over 比...有优势
例：Do island nations have advantages over other countries? 岛国有超过其他国家的优点吗？

17．Because of his achievements, rice production has been increased by 20%-30%. 因为他的成就，水稻产量增加了20%-30%。
increase by指增长了几倍或百分之几，后面加百分数或倍数。
例：…increase by 10%. ..增加了百分之十。
【拓展】increase to指增长到了……，后接具体增长后的数字
例：…increase to 100. …增加到100。

18．Yuan Longping is one of the greatest people that have ever lived. 袁隆平是有史以来最伟大的人之一。
此句中that have ever lived是定语从句，用来修饰先行词people，that是关系代词。在此句中that不能用who替换。因为先行词有最高级限定。同样的，先行词前有序数词时，也只能用关系代词that。
例：He was the first man that went to the shop. / He is the best man that I have ever seen.

过语法



1．动词的6种时态
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和状态。
时态
谓语动词形式
例句
一般现在时
be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式
1. I like sports.2. He likes sports.3. She is a good teacher.
一般过去时
be动词、行为动词过去式
We had a great time yesterday.
一般将来时
will/shall/be going to +动词原形
1. They will go to the cinema next week.2. He is going to have a picnic with his family tomorrow.
现在进行时
am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式
1.My parents are watching TV now.2.I am looking for my purse.
现在完成时
have/has+动词的过去分词
Lily has learned English for three years.
过去进行时
was/were+动词的现在分词形式
We were talking loudly when the teacher came in.

2．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及常考点
一、现在完成时的用法：
(1) 过去的动作对现在的影响。
例：I have finished my homework.
(2) 过去的动作持续到现在。
例：I have studied English for six years.

二、现在完成时基本结构：have/has+ done
标志词: already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, in the past 3 years, before, so far/by now, over the years, since+时间点/过去时态的句子,for+时间段等。

三、现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：
共同点：动作都在过去。
不同点：和现在有无关系。
(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)
例：
① I have interviewed the famous writer.(我已经完成采访任务，我对他已经有所了解了。)
② I interviewed the famous writer yesterday. ( 昨天我做的一件事，不涉及现在。)

四、since和 for 的用法区别和联系
用于描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作。常和for和since连用。
(1) since的用法
A. since后可加时间点。
例：We have learned English since nearly three years ago.
B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时。
例：It has been nine years since I began to learn English.
(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。
例：They have worked in the factory for ten months .
(3) since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago
例：They have worked in the factory since ten months ago. / We have learned English for nearly three years.
【拓展】此外还有“It is + 段时间+since”的句型。
例：It has been nine years since I began to learn English.=It is nine years since I began to learn English.
(4) 对since和for的提问用how long。
例：--How long have you been in Nanjing?
--For three years./ Since three years ago.

五、have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别
have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。
例：The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.
have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。
例：--Where is your uncle? -- He has gone to the supermarket.
have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。
例：Mr. Smith has been in the lab for over ten hours.

六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
(1) 现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
例：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。
误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks.
正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.
(2) 非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
go
be there
finish/end
be over
die
be dead
join
be in/ be a member of
leave
be away from
arrive/reach
be here
get married
be married
【典例讲解】
例1： Every summer, many foreigners _____ to Hainan for vacations.
A. comes B. came C. come D. coming
例2：--Is your mother a nurse? --Yes, she is. She ____ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. works C. worked D. working
例3：--Where’s your mother, Lucy? --She _____ TV in the room.
A. watches B. watched C. is watching D. watching
例4： Do you know if he ______ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know.
A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. will come; comes D. comes; comes
例5：The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ___________ Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
【答案】CBCCA

重难点训练



一、单词拼写
1. The telephone is a wonderful ____________ (发明物) and it has changed the way we live.
2. He fell in love with a ____________ (俄罗斯人) when he travelled in Moscow.
3. The woman takes great ____________ (骄傲) in her children’s success.
4. Sometimes our Chinese teacher reads her favourite ____________ (章节)to us.
5. My dream is to become a ___________ (飞行员) when I grow up.
6. The ______________ (discover) of America forms the beginning of a new period.
7. Because of the natural disaster, three hundred people in this town died of ____________ (hungry).
8. Jenny has gone to Austria for ____________ (far) studies in music.
9. Reading a lot of books ______________ (increase) your vocabulary.
10. Hybird rice is ______________(wide) planted all over the world.
【答案】
1-5 invention、Russian、pride、chapters、pilot
6-10 discovery、hungry、further、increases、widely
36.The man sitting at the door is one of the bravest (飞行员）in our country.
37.She always gets everything ready before (测试）a new type of plane.
38.I know they have successfully landed on the (表面）of the moon.
39. What he has done brings us many （优势)
40. It is known to us all that the (太平洋）is the latest among the four oceans.
41.It’s (未知的）to us all whether the story of his is true or not
42. My father (服役)as a soldier many years ago.
43.Columbus was a great (探险者）and he discovered America
44.The (章节)which I re^d my cousin yesterday are the most interesting part.
45. Look, those soldiers are having a flying show in their (战斗机）in the sky.
46. Labs are short for (实验室）?
47. Usually the (Africa) athletes are better at running than those in Asia.
48. Do you know the names of the famous female (invent)?
49. I Chink we are the (proud) of our teachers.
50. We are very amazed at the (develop) of such a small country.
51.The (discover) America brought many things here.
52.The (Europe) have been in our school for more than a week.
53.This kind of chair is comfortable and (wide) used by many young people.
【答案】
pilots; testing; surface; advantages; Pacific; unknown; severed;
explorer; passages; fighters; laboratories; African; inventors;
pride; development;discovery;Europeans; widely

二、 单项选择
( )1. —She studied maths and physics in ________ university.
—Yes. She was such ________ unusual woman scientist.
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; an D. an; a
( )2. —What do you think ________ Armstrong so famous? —His excellent service.
A. made B. to make C. making D. make
( )3. She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was ________ left at home.
A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody
( )4. Was it in 1969 ________ the American spacemen succeeded ________ landing on the moon?
A. when; in B. when; / C. that; in D. that; with
( )5. China, ________ one of the great four countries with ancient civilizations, is best－known ________ its great development in all the fields over the years.
A. as; as B. as; for C. for; as D. for; for
( )6. —What would some students like to do after finishing their education?
—They would like to start to work ________ they needn't depend on their parents completely.
A. as soon as B. so that C. before D. while
( )7. ________ wonderful news program we are watching!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
( )8. The born artist devoted all the time he had ________ for something better or different.
A. search B. searched C. to search D. to searching
( )9. Marie Curie ________ the use of X-ray machines, which are now widely used in hospitals.
A. put away B. put out C. pushed in D. pushed for
( )10. It's brave ________ you to go to a place that ________ unknown to humans.
A. of; / B. of; was C. for; / D. for; were
( )11. —He hardly caught the train yesterday afternoon, ________ he?
—________， because he got up late and there was too much traffic on the road.
A. did; Yes, he did B. didn't; Yes, he did C. did; No, he didn't D. didn't; No, he didn't
( )12. Each time a medal ________ a winner, the music was played.
A. is presented to B. presented to C. was presented to D. was presented with
( )13. You never know how much difficulty we had ________ the problem. Luckily, we managed to solve it with Mrs Wu's help.
A. working out B. work out C. worked out D. to work out
( )14. —Thank you for helping me look after my cat while I was away. —________！
A. With pleasure B. It's my pleasure C. It doesn't matter D. No problem
( )15. —Do you know ________ this afternoon?
—I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she ________.
A. what time will Betty arrive; arrives B. what time Betty will arrive; will arrive
C. what time Betty will arrive; arrives D. what time will Betty arrive; will arrive
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C

三、完形填空
My father was a self－taught mandolin(曼陀林琴) player. He was one of the best players in our town. He could not __16__ music, but if he heard a tune(曲子) a few times, he could play it. When he was young, he was a __17__ of a small country music band. They played at local dances and the radio station.
At home Dad often got out his mandolin and played for the family. We three children sang along. __18__ played the mandolin like my father. He could __19__ your heart with the music that came out of that old mandolin. He seemed to shine when he was playing. You could see his __20__ in his ability to play so well for his family.
But Dad had to find another __21__ in a factory later because the money he made at the band wasn't enough to __22__ the family. Unluckily he had an __23__ one day and lost one finger. He couldn't play as __24__ as before. From then on, every time we asked him to play, he would make up reasons to __25__ down our request. However, we missed his performance so much. __26__， he agreed and said, “Okay, but remember, I can't hold down on the strings(琴弦) the way I __27__ to.” When he played the old mandolin, it carried us back to a __28__， happy time in our lives.
Dad was that kind of man. __29__ was what he was doing all his life. If he could give __30__ to others, he would, especially his family. He was always there, sacrificing(牺牲) his time to see that his family had enough in their life.
( )16. A. express B. raise C. read D. lead
( )17. A. dancer B. member C. driver D. friend
( )18. A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. Everybody
( )19. A. shut B. touch C. cover D. hurt
( )20. A. doubt B. truth C. pride D. worry
( )21. A. job B. wallet C. game D. hobby
( )22. A. start B. work C. value D. support
( )23. A. action B. accident C. argument D. exam
( )24. A. deep B. fast C. well D. loud
( )25. A. turn B. break C. close D. lay
( )26. A. Nearly B. Exactly C. Certainly D. Finally
( )27. A. regretted B. used C. kept D. pointed
( )28. A. careful B. forgetful C. cheerful D. helpful
( )29. A. Giving B. Receiving C. Changing D. Taking
( )30. A. production B. pleasure C. purpose D. patience
【答案】CBABC ADBCA DBCAB

四、阅读理解
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century．Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people．
　　Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood．In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money．At the same time, his father became seriously ill．From that time on, his family were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends．These early experiences greatly influenced his writing．
　　By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern．In 1902 he went to study in Japan．There, he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines．He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular．He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money．
　　After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing．In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman．It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success．This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q(1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer．
　　Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China's future．In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to devote himself to what he called “pen warfare”．He now only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government．For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books．He was forced to write his articles using false names．
　　Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun's importance and influence have grown．Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions around the world．
31.Which of the following greatly influenced Lu Xun's writing according to the passage?
A．The people he met in Japan． B．The experiences in his early life．
C．Working as a teacher in Beijing． D．His father's being put into prison．
32.According to the passage, why was Lu Xun's story Diary of a Madam so popular?
A．It was based on Lu Xun's diary． B．It was the first novel to use everyday language．
C．Its story took place in modern times． D．It was written using a western style．
33.The underlined word “This”(Paragraph 4)refers to ________．
A．the success of Diary of a Madman B．the use of everyday language
C．the first Chinese novel D．The True Story of Ah Q
34.After moving to Shanghai, Lu Xun mainly wrote ________．
A．funny stories B．articles about himself
C．articles against the government D．stories about government officials
35.In what order did these events take place in Lu Xun's life?
a．The government stopped him from publishing books．
b．He wrote Diary of a Madman．
c．His father became ill．
d．He moved to Shanghai．
e．His writings were put into textbooks．
A．c-a-b-d-e B．c-b-d-a-e C．a-c-d-b-e D．a-d-b-c-e
【答案】BBACB