专题05.UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS --Reading and Thinking单词，课文预习-初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）（人教版必修第一册）

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UNIT 4    NATURAL DISASTERS --Reading and Thinking单词，课文预习一．词汇预先知Ⅰ.单词——记其形
1．come to their          　营救他们2．cause          to his health  损害他的健康3．         hopes  摧毁希望4．build          for the homeless  为无家可归者搭建庇护所5．         our trip  毁坏我们的旅行6．30          students  百分之三十的学生7．be          in the          被困在废墟中8．         the dead  埋葬死者9．make greater          尽更大的努力
Ⅱ.单词——知其意
1．disaster n．         2．tornado n.            3．drought n.           4．landslide n.            5．slide vi.&vt.           6．tsunami n.           7．flood n.          8．magnitude n.          9．evacuate vt.           10．helicopter n.           11．crack n.           12．gas n.           13．brick n.           14．metal n.           15．electricity n.           16．unify vi.&vt.           17．context n.          
Ⅲ.单词——通其变1．death n．死；死亡→         adj.无生命的2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→         adj.令人震惊的→         adj.感到震惊的3．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→         n．呼吸4．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→         n．振兴；复苏5．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→         n．折磨；苦难6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→         adj.明智的；聪明的7．affect__vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→         n．效果，作用Ⅳ.词块——英汉译
1．as if           2．in ruins          3．in shock           4．set up           5．as usual           6．come to an end           7．the number of           8．dig out           9．a home to           10．go through           11．be gone           12．provide medical care          
 二．课文精研读原文呈现THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN’T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern ①  Hebei.For several days, the water in the village wells② rose③ and fell，rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly④ gas coming out of it【1】．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat【2】，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide【3】， and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city’s one  million people were asleep⑤ as usual⑥ that night.At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake⑦.It seemed as  if the world were coming to an end⑧【4】！Eleven kilometres directly⑨ below the city, one of the most deadly⑩ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,  a quake that even caused damage more than⑪ 150 kilometres away in Beijing【5】．Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads，and waterways⑫.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑬.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents【6】．The number of⑭ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.Everywhere survivors⑮ looked, there was nothing but ruins 【7】．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone⑯.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away⑰.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross【8】．The railway tracks⑱ were now useless⑲ pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of⑳ water.People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last【9】．But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead【10】．More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.Workers built shelters for  survivors  whose  homes  had  been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.With  strong  support  from  the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future【11】． Fill in the blanks according to the text.Several days before July 28，1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1.         (smell) gas was coming out of one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in the city, 2.         were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much of these.At 3：42 am，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.It destroyed the city and even caused damage in Beijing.In less than one minute, Tangshan 3.         (lie) in ruins.The number of people who were killed or 4.terribly (terrible) injured in the quake 5.         (be) more than 400，000.Later that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan again.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6.         (get)．But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the trapped and bury the dead.Many more people, 7.         (include) workers and doctors, came to provide help.Through all the 8.         (effort), the city began to breathe again.Today, 9.         new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10.         the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.三．随堂精训练【小题夯基】一.单词拼写1．In order to catch the bear，some villagers set a          (陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.2．It is wrong of you to waste          (电) in your daily life.3．The heavy rain last night caused          (洪水) in many mountainous areas.4．Too much drinking will do          (伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor’s advice.5．We should find a          (躲避处) from the wind.6．This is one of the worst natural          (灾难) ever to hit the area.7．The flowers soon          (复活) after I watered them in the morning.8．Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned          (砖块) of different ages.9．Plastic parts can take the place of          (金属) ones in many machines, but they don’t last long.10．You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the          (上下文)．二.词形变化1．         (affect) with a high fever, he continued with his work.2．         (wise) is knowing what to do next, skill is knowing how to do it, and virtue is doing it.3．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after          (dead)．4．I like getting up early in the morning.The morning air is good          (breath)．5．All the listeners           (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.6．Though the soldiers have been working for fifteen hours, they carry on looking for          (survive) in ruins.7．The doctor decided to offer some advice to the athlete          (suffer) from a bad back.8．         (bury) himself in the newspaper，he didn’t notice what was happening.9．He          (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.10．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely          (destroy)．【大题提能】APeople across Western Europe are experiencing a heat wave this week, with the worst still to come on Thursday.Officials sounded high－temperature health warnings on Wednesday, mindful that some heat waves before had caused thousands of deaths across an area where people are not used to such weather and few homes have air conditioning.Rene Pierron, 51, a street cleaner at Paris City Hall, was not lucky，and said it was difficult to work outdoors under such conditions.“The buildings and roads here take the heat in during the day and act like radiators (散热器)—it’s unbearable，” he said while taking a break near the Avenue des Champs－Elysees.Kate Simmonds, also 51, who works in a restaurant in central London, could commiserate (同情)．“It’s so hot—we can’t work like this，” she said on Wednesday.But she said business was good this week，with plenty of people buying cold drinks and ice cream.Nation after nation have given health－related warning for people becoming tired and weak in the heat.Belgium gave its highest warning since its weather warning system was put in place 20 years ago, and Germany placed the whole country under a heat warning.Britain’s weather service, the Met Office, placed five of England’s nine areas, including London, on a “Level Three” heat health watch, one level short of a national emergency.Liz Bentley, the chief executive of Britain’s Royal Meteorological Society, warned: “While a country like Britain is not used to heat waves，they could become more common because of the changing climate (气候)．If you live in a Mediterranean country, the population adapts to (适应)these temperatures.But we’ll see the number of deaths go up in the next coming days.”Grace Knee, 29, was an exception, loving the heat.“I love this weather，”she said, adding that she had applied strong sunscreen before staying under the sun.“I just like getting a tan (晒黑的皮肤)．”1．What did Rene Pierron think of the weather?A．It created some business chances. B．It made his work more difficult.C．It might lead to people dying. D．It would end soon.2．How did Germany deal with the heat wave?A．It had carried out many helpful actions. B．It suggested people stay away from work.C．It warned the whole country of the heat. D．It provided air conditioning for poor people.3．What do Liz Bentley’s words mean?A．Such weather will appear more frequently. B．The weather has little influence on Britain.C．Thousands of people will die because of the weather.D．People have fully realized the danger of the weather.4．What is the best title for this text?A．Heat wave spreads across EuropeB．Heat wave makes things bad for human beingsC．Europe tries to find ways to deal with heat waveD．Heat wave calls for people to protect the environmentBLife has been difficult for Gerard Dunn since his wife passed away six months ago.But thankfully, the Internet is there to cheer him up.92－year－old Gerard and 82－year－old Ellen had been married for more than sixty years.While Ellen worked as a teacher, Gerard worked as a Canada Post postman.For this reason, Gerard loves the mail.Since Ellen died earlier this year, Gerard has been cheered by the daily mail delivery.Gerard’s children have tried to comfort him by sending him letters—but his daughter Miriam wanted to do something special for his coming birthday.Earlier this week, Miriam made a Twitter post online to ask people to send letters to her father for his birthday in October.Miriam was only expecting a few people to respond (回应), but since she published (发表) the post, it has been shared over 20，000 times and received 40，000 likes.Users are promising to deliver artworks, food and cards；teachers are sending her photos of their students who are carefully and seriously writing letters for Gerard；thousands more people have sent her online good wishes.“I thought maybe I could get a few strangers on the Internet to send him something that would really please him.I guessed that five or ten people would say ‘I will do that’， but I never expected this when I came back to Twitter，”said Miriam.“My dad sees this as a gift to Mom not to him，” Miriam said.“He is thankful for the kindness that is shown to him in memory of his wife.He sees this as something that shows love to her even though she has gone forever.”5．Why did Gerard love the mail?A．It made him think of his wife. B．His wife often sent him the mail before.C．It had something to do with his past job. D．He was excited to know what was inside.6．What does the fourth paragraph mainly show?A．Miriam’s post received a strong response. B．Miriam’s post taught people to be kind.C．Miriam was moved by Internet users. D．Miriam made a lot of friends online.7．How did Miriam feel when she returned to Twitter?A．Proud. B．Surprised.C．Hopeful. D．Worried.8．What may be the best title for the text?A．Old Gerard Losing His Wife ForeverB．Old Gerard Being Comforted by His ChildrenC．Receiving the Mail Helping Gerard Think about the PastD．Internet Users Sending the Mail to Comfort Old Gerard