北师大版 (2019)必修第三册Lesson 3 A Musical Genius学案及答案

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这是一份北师大版 (2019)必修第三册Lesson 3 A Musical Genius学案及答案，共30页。

Part Ⅴ　Lesson 3　A Musical Genius
学习目标
话题语境
艺术与杰作
课时词汇
minor, struggle, note, respond, hesitate, charge, signal, broad, compose
常用短语
for the first time
重点句式
强调句型和状语从句的省略
单元语法
构词知识：前缀和后缀

单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________vi. &vt. 回应，回复
2．________adj. 后台的；(在)幕后(的)
3．________adj. 紧张的；焦虑不安的
4．________n. 指挥
5．________vi. 犹豫；踌躇
6．________n. 主管；负责
7．________adj. 欢乐的，令人愉快地
8．________vt. 标志着；预示
n. 标识
9．________adj. 宽阔的；广博的
10．________vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作
11．________n. 天才
12．________n. 作曲家
13．________n. 钢琴
14．________n. 奋斗
vi. 奋斗，拼搏
15．________vi. 继续；进行

Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．Lawrence's novel was eventually recognized as a work of ________ (天才).
2．We're not sure whether we still want to ________ (继续) with the sale.
3．There, he grew as a violinist and as a ________ (指挥).
4．If you can do that, you can come through the ________ (紧张的) situations.
5．He arrived in New York at dawn and was impressed with the high buildings and ________ (宽阔的) streets.
6．Some women want to get what they want by finding a rich husband, which can save them 20 years of s________．
7．For a moment, Tom was at a loss how to r________ to her question.
8．Don't h________ to turn to me for help whenever you need it.
9．I was appointed to take c________ of arranging all the activities on that day.
10．The police s________ to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.

►第一版块：重点单词
1.minor adj.(音乐)小调的；较小的，较少的；不很重要的，次要的　n．未成年人
(教材P14)．..few might know how he created Symphony No. 9 in D minor and how its first show went.……或许很少有人知道D小调第九交响曲的创作过程以及这部交响曲首演的故事。
[用法归纳]
a minor error/character 小错误/次要人物
minor in English 辅修英语
a minor role in the film 电影中的次要角色
a minor illness 小病
a minor change 小改动
English majors and minors 专修和兼修英语的人
be in a minority of one 得不到任何人的支援
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You can't serve drinks to ________ (minor).
②Only a ________ (minor) of people supported these new laws.
③________________ (小错误) often cause some serious results.
④We have ________________________ (做了一些小的改变) to the program.
⑤Only ________________________________ (极少数学生) are interested in the topic these days.
知识拓展：
minority n．少数；少数民族
a minority of少量的，少数的
the minority of……中的少数
in the/a minority占少数
girls still in their minority尚未成年的女孩子
2.struggle n. &v．斗争；奋斗，拼搏；搏斗
(教材P14)Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera！这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
[合作探究]体会struggle的用法和意义
He has been struggling for success in his business.
为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
A strong man will strugglewith/against the storms of fate.
强者能同命运的风暴抗争。
Bravely, Mary struggled to her feet, and fought against/with the wind and rain beating against her.玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。
[用法归纳]
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She's struggling ________ (support) a family alone.
②India attained (获得) independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
③He has been struggling ________ mental disease over the years.
④Dina, ________ (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency (广告机构).
⑤The country is ________________ (为……而斗争) peace.
⑥When I turned round, I saw him ________________________ (挣扎着站起来).
知识拓展：
fight against与……作斗争
fight for为……而斗争
with a struggle费劲地
be a struggle to do sth.做某事并非易事

易错比较：
failure与a failure
success与a success
failure和success作“失败”“成功”解时，都是不可数名词。但a failure和a success是抽象名词的具体化用法，意为“失败的人/事”和“成功的人/事”。如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。(抽象意义)
He is a success as a boss in business but a failure as a father in family.(具体意义)
3.note n．笔记；便条；纸币；音符；票据；注解；音调　vt.注意；记录；注解
(教材P14)Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.创作这部交响曲花了他几年的时间，现在乐谱中最后的音符终于写完了。
[用法归纳]
take note of 注意到
take/make notes 记笔记
compare notes with sb. 与某人交换意见
note down 记下
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①People were beginning to take note ________ her talents as a performer.
②I have looked through all my papers but I still can't find my ________ (note).
③After the performance, they ________________ (交换意见) with each other.
④The student ________________ (记下) all that the lecturer had said.

易混比较：
take note of注意到
take notes记笔记
take notice of注意到
compare notes交流想法
熟词生义：score
1．名词：得分；分数；总谱；曲谱；20个
2．动词：评分；得分，记分；获胜；谱曲
如：Mary scored the highest marks in the exam.玛丽考试中得了最高分。
The teacher is busy scoring the examinations.这老师正在给考试评分。
He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.他认得足够多的乐符，看懂乐谱不成问题。
He scored a piece of music.他编写了一首音乐的曲谱。

4.respond v．回应，回复；作出反应，响应
(教材P14)．..tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.……努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
[合作探究]体会respond及其相关词的用法和意义
They are likely to respond positively to the president's request for aid.
他们有可能积极地回应该总统的援助请求。
Please respond to the question at once.
请立刻回答这个问题。
This may be in response to the government pressure.
这可能是对政府压力的响应。
[用法归纳]
respond to... 对……作出回答/回应
respond to...with sth./by doing sth. 以……回应……
respond that... 回答说……
response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应
in response to 作为对……的答复/反应
make a response to 对……作出回应/反应
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Knowing basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies.
②He made no response ________ my question, and went on with his movie.
③For a moment, Tom was at a loss how ________ (respond) to her question.
④To my disappointment, he made no ________ (respond) to my letter.
⑤With the help of his teammate, the operator ________________________ (立刻对……作出了回应) the event.
⑥How did they ________________ (对……反应) the news?
⑦The doctor ________________ (回答说) he could not tell the name of her disease.

易错提醒：

the answer to the question问题的回答
the reply to the question问题的回答
key to the exercises练习的答案
entrance to the hall大厅的入口

5.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
(教材P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly...
观众毫不犹豫地热烈鼓掌……
[合作探究]体会hesitate及其相关词的用法和意义
He hesitated to tell her the truth.该不该告诉她真相，他有些犹豫。
If you get in trouble, don't hesitate to ask for advice.
如果碰到麻烦，要赶紧向人求教。
She hesitated about/over telling anyone.
她对是否告诉别人犹豫不决。
She agreed to see him again without hesitation.
她毫不犹豫地同意和他再次见面。
[用法归纳]
hesitate to do sth. 做某事有顾虑
not hesitate to do sth. 毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
hesitate about/over/at... 对……犹豫不决
hesitate in doing... 犹豫做……

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Do not hesitate ________ (tell) us if you have a problem.
②She ________ (hesitate) a long time and then she said “Yes”．
③She spoke it correctly with confidence and without ________ (hesitate).
④The Mullers ________________________ (毫不犹豫) give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.
⑤The great majority of players would, of course, sign the contract (合同) ________________ (毫不犹豫).
词语积累：
hesitation n．犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫
have no hesitation in doing sth.
＝have no hesitation to do sth.毫不犹豫地做某事

6．charge n. [U]主管，负责；[C，U]费用，收费；[C]指控，控告　v．收费；要价；指控，控告；指责，责备
(教材P15)The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.剧院的音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
[用法归纳]
take charge of 负责，掌管(动词短语)
in charge of 负责，掌管(介词短语)
in the charge of sb.＝in sb.'s charge 由某人负责/掌管
free of charge(＝for free) 免费
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mr. Wang will be in charge ________ the office while I am away.
②I wonder how much you charge ________ your services.
③The police charged the young man ________ car theft.
④He is old, so his son will ________________________ (负责) the farm.
⑤The programme is __________________________ (由……负责) Mr. Zhang.
⑥You can take as many as you like because they are ____________________ (免费).
⑦The police are going to ________ him ________ (控告) murder.
⑧Somehow they didn't ________ us ________ (因……向……收费) delivery this time.
⑨They were ________________ (指控) cheating.
易混比较：

accuse sb. of (doing) sth.告发某人某事

7.signal v．标志着，预示；发信号；示意　n．信号；暗号
(教材P15)As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony...
最后，交响乐在欢快的音符中结束……
[合作探究]体会signal的用法和意义
Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed.
她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。
The diner signalled (to) the waiters to bring the menu.
用餐者示意服务员把菜单拿来。
She signalled the other girls that everything was all right.
她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。
[用法归纳]
sign to sb. to do sth. 打手势叫某人做某事
signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
signal for help 发信号求救
a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
a signal of danger 危险的信号
receive signals/a signal 接收信号
traffic signals 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
如：traffic signal交通(灯)信号
a signal for help求救信号
make/give a signal发信号
The TV has no signal.电视没信号。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal ________ you are being defensive.
②My mother signalled to me ________ (remove) the table.
③他示意孩子们进来。
He ________________________________________________ inside.
sign用法拓展：
sign the letter在信上签字
sign the paper签署文件
sign one's name on the contract
在合同上签字
sign an agreement with sb. to do sth.
与某人签一个做某事的协议
sign up for (doing) sth.
报名参加(做)某事
易混词语比较：
sign n．指“记号，符号，标记；迹象；征兆”。
如：traffic signs交通标志
There is not a sign of life here.这里没有生命的迹象。
signal n．信号；暗号。指可能看不见或看得到但需要事先约定的暗号。尤其指电子信号，红绿灯信号等。

8.broad adj.广博的；辽阔的，宽阔的，开阔的
(教材P15)“The audience was shocked as well，” she said with a broad smile. “观众也感到震惊，”她灿烂地笑着说道。
[用法归纳]
a broad smile 满面的笑容
broad shoulders 宽阔的肩膀
broaden v. (使)变宽
broaden one's horizons 开阔视野
broadminded adj. 心胸开阔的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Experiencing a different culture can enrich our knowledge and ________ (broad) our view.
②Amy has a ________________ (满面的笑容) on her face.
③He was about six feet tall with ________________ (宽阔的肩膀).
④Reading books can ________________ (开阔我们的视野).

构词知识：
动词词缀en可置于名词或形容词前，也可以置于名词或形容词后成为动词。如：①en＋名词→encourage鼓励
en＋形容词→enlarge扩大
②形容词＋en→
名词＋en→
9.compose vt. 作(曲)；写作；组成，构成
(教材P15)The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是它的创作者。
[合作探究]体会compose及其相关词的用法和意义
The composer tried to compose herself when she was 12 years old.
那位女作曲家12岁就开始尝试自己作曲。
The United Nations consists of many nations.
→The United Nations is made up of many nations.
→The United Nations is composed of many nations.
→Many nations make up the United Nations.
联合国由许多国家组成。
[用法归纳]
compose the group/the book 形成/组成这个小组/这本书
be composed of (整体)由……组成/构成
consist of/be made up of (整体)由……组成/构成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mozart's birthplace and the house where he ________ (compose) “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.
②The ________ (compose) expresses his sadness in his music.
③The patient's diet ________ (compose) of vegetables and grain.
④He had great musical talent and began to ________________ (创作歌曲) at an early age.
⑤The group ________________ (由……组成) one teacher and ten students.
词语拓展：
(1)composer n．创作者
composition n．作品；作文；成分
(2)compose vt.形成，组成
＝make up...组成，构成
(3)be composed of...
＝be made up of...由……构成/组成
＝consist of...
e．g.The class consists of seven groups.
＝Seven groups compose the class.
＝Seven groups make up the class.
＝The class is composed of seven groups.
＝The class is made up of seven groups.

10.continue v．持续；继续存在　vt.继续做；不停地干
(教材P14)．..but in the end he continued to write music.
……但是他最后还是继续写音乐了。
[用法归纳]
continue
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After you exercise, you continue ________ burn calories throughout the day.
②They continued ________ (talk) after the meal.
③There is no point in continuing ________ this argument.
易混比较：
go on doing sth.继续做原来没做完的事
go on to do sth.继续做另一件事(换了内容)
同样continue doing sth.继续做原来的；continue to do sth.是继续做另一事(换了做的内容)

11.proceed v．继续做/从事/进行/行进；着手；出发；出(自)；起诉
(教材P14)He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，...
他继续创作，直到1827年去世……
[用法归纳]
proceed with sth. 继续某事
proceed to do sth. 继续做某事
proceed to a place 向……前进
proceed from... 从……传出……
proceed gainst sb. 起诉某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you agree to this, then we can proceed ________ our dialogue.
②He outlined his plans and then proceeded ________ (explain) them in detail.
③游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。
The marchers ________________ along the street.
④前往罗马的旅客，请到32号登机口登机。
Passengers for Rome should ________________ Gate 32 for boarding.
精彩例句：
①The mountaineers proceeded to the regions of snow and ice.登山队员们向冰雪地区前进。
②Groans and cries were proceeding from the sickroom.病房里传来呻吟声和叫喊声。
③I shall proceed against trespassers.我将起诉这些侵犯他人土地者。

►第二版块：重点短语
1.regard...as...把……视为……；把……看作……
(教材P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被视为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
[合作探究]
Lei Feng is regarded as a good example.雷锋被看做是一个好榜样。
We regard Lei Feng as a good example.我们把雷锋看做好榜样。
[用法归纳]
regard sb./sth. as... 将……视为……
be regarded as 被视为是……
regards (用于信函结尾或转达问候)致意，问候(常用复数形式)
as regards 至于，关于
regardless of 不管，不顾
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Give your father my ________ (regard) the moment you see him.
②However, some students do not think that social practice is important and regard it ________ a waste of their time and consider their study as the most important thing.
③人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。
Human life ________________ part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
④关于未来石油供应的问题，情况尚不确定。
________________ future oil supplies, the situation is uncertain.
⑤我们的俱乐部对每个人开放，不考虑年龄、性别和教育背景。
Our club is open to everyone ________________ age, gender or educational background.
词汇联想：
“把……看作……”之类短语
regard...as...
look on/upon...as...
consider sb. as...
consider sb. (to be)...
consider sb. sth.
think of sb. as...
think sb. (to be)...
treat sb. as...把某人当作……对待
look down on/upon sb.鄙视某人；看不起某人

2.add...to...把……加到/进……里
(教材P14)and now the final notes have been added to the score.
现在他已把最后写好的音符加到了乐谱上。
[合作探究]
Remember: Little steps add up to big dreams.记住：小的积累成就大的梦想。
Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience.[谚语]吃一堑，长一智。
Will you add more sugar to your coffee？你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？
[用法归纳]
add...up　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　把……加起来
add...to... 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添；扩建
add that... 补充说……
in addition　　　　　　　　　　　　　　另外
in addition to... 除……之外
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The heavy rain added ________ the difficulties in rescuing the buried people.
②In ________ (add), group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.
③He added ________ the theater's location was also a reason.
④这部词典出了故障：自从它出版以来，许多单词被加进了这门语言中。
The dictionary is out of order: many words have ________________ the language since it was published.
⑤我把所有的优点和缺点加在一起，决定接受这份工作。
I ________________ all the advantages and disadvantages and decided to take up the job.
⑥一场热门演出的利润可达数百万美元。
For a hit show, profits can ________________ millions of dollars.
⑦除了电影事业，雷德福还是位知名的环保斗士。
________________ his movie work, Redford is also known as a champion of environmental causes.
⑧我无法与新同学很好地相处，这增加了我的焦虑。
I can't get along well with my new classmates, which ________ my anxiety.
add...to...在算术里的用法
①If you add 3 to 5, you will gain 8.
②Add 3 to 5 and you will gain 8.
③3 added to 5 will be 8.
④3 plus 5 will be 8.
3加5等于8。
order一词用法归纳：
1．n.[c，u]命令；顺序；次序；条理
follow/obey orders服从命令

put sth. in correct order
把某物按正确顺序放好
list the tasks in order of importance
把这些任务按重要性排序
The room is in good order.
这房间井井有条。
maintain order of the city.
维持城市秩序
2．[c，u]订单；点的菜
a big order of computers
一笔购买电脑的大订单
take one's orders给某人点菜
3．in order有序地，整齐地；in order that为了……；in order to do...为了做……；out of order出故障
4．order sb. to do sth.＝order that sb. (should) do sth.命令某人做……
order sth. for sb./sp.为……订购……order a coke点了一杯可乐

3.for the first time首次；第一次
(教材P14)As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.当他自豪地在那页底部签上名字时，贝多芬努力地想像当人们首次听这首曲子会是怎样的情形。
[用法归纳]
all the time 始终，一直
at no time 决不
in no time 立刻，马上
from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔
in time 及时；总有一天
on time 按时
behind the times 过时的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①When he saw her ________ the first time, she was performing on the stage.
②You can depend on the train arriving ________ time.
③He told me that he would be back ________ no time.
④________ no time will we give up halfway.
⑤You can depend on it that he will come ________________ (准时) even though it rains.
⑥________________________________ (时不时地), we invited some experts to give us lectures to improve ourselves.
名师点拨：
(1)for the first time是介词短语，表示“第一次”，只能用作句子的状语；不可用来引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能。
(2)the first time可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……的时候”。如：The first time he came here, I was cleaning my yard.他第一次来这儿，我正在清理院子。
(3)“It/This/That＋is/was＋the first/the second/...time that从句．”表示“这/那是某人第一次/第二次/第……次做某事”。(如果前面用is，则从句用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句用过去完成时。)
(4)It is/was (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.意为“到了某人做某事的时间了”。该句型相当于It is/was time for sb. to do sth.

►第三版块：重点句式
1.强调句式
(教材P15)It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂让他转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
[合作探究]
It was on Monday night that all these happened.(强调时间状语)
这一切都发生在周一晚上。
It was Mary that/who I met in the street.(强调宾语)
我在街上遇见的是玛丽。
It was I that/who met Mary in the street.(强调主语)
是我在街上遇见了玛丽。
It was in the street that I met Mary.(强调地点状语)
我是在街上遇见玛丽的。
[用法归纳]　强调句式总结
(1)用who强调人，用that强调人、物、时间、地点等。
(2)基本句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋句子其他成分。
(3)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
(5)not...until句型的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/用强调句型改写句子
①It is they ________ will have a meeting tomorrow.
②It was not until she took off her dark glasses ________ I realised she was a film star.
③________ is my father who will have a facetoface talk with me.
④It was a Picasso's valuable painting ________ the police were in search of.
My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday.
⑤________________________ walked the dog in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
⑥________________________ my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.(强调地点状语)
⑦________________________ my grandpa walked the dog in the street.(强调时间状语)
名师点拨：
(1)强调句型结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。如果被强调部分指人，可用who代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
(2)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。
(3)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(4)判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，剩余句子若结构完整，句意明确，则为强调句型，否则不是强调句型。

2.状语从句的省略(教材P16)Read the story again if needed.如果需要，再读一遍故事。
[用法归纳]
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致(或者从句主语是it)，且从句谓语含有be动词时，为了简练，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
②While ________ (walk) the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
③Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
④When it is necessary, you can look up the word in a dictionary.
→________________， you can look up the word in a dictionary.
⑤While we were carrying out a survey, we came across difficulties.
→____________________________________________， we came across difficulties.
名师点拨：
(1)主从主语一致时，从句含有be动词；为了简练皆省去，剩下表语或分词。
(2)某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
if ever如果有过的话
if not如果不的话
if necessary如果有必要的话

►第四版块：单元语法
1.名词后缀[用法归纳]
(1)er/or/ist/an/ian表示人
designer设计师　　　 programmer程序员
sailor水手 actor演员
specialist专家 artist艺术家
musician音乐家 physician医生
(2)ess表示女性，雌性
actress女演员 lioness母狮子
(3)ful表示充满……的量
handful一把 mouthful一满口
(4)ment表示状态，结果
excitement兴奋，刺激 achievement成就
(5)ness表示状态，性质
sickness疾病 kindness仁慈，好意
(6)tion/ation/sion表示状态，行为
production生产；制造 explanation解释；说明
admission允许进入 permission许可，允许
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They tried to get into the club but were refused ________ (admit).
②Certain foods are more likely than others to cause allergic (过敏的) ________ (react).
③It would be doing him a ________ (kind) to tell him the truth.
④She has starred with many leading ________ (act).
⑤The Sunday papers are full of ________ (advertise) for cars.
⑥This evening's ________ (perform) will begin at 8：00 pm.
⑦Her riding soon drew the ________ (admire) of the older girls.
⑧He was a better songwriter than ________ (perform).
2.形容词后缀
[用法归纳]
(1)able表示“可……的，能……的”
acceptable可接受的 movable可移动的
(2)al表示“属于……的，具有……性质的”
cultural文化的 magical有魔力的
(3)en表示“由……制作的”
wooden木制的 woolen羊毛的
(4)ful表示“充满……的”
harmful有害的 respectful恭敬的
(5)less表示“没有……的”
useless无用的 hopeless绝望的
(6)ive表示“有……性质的，有……倾向的”
impressive给人深刻印象的 protective保护的
(7)ly表示“有……性质的”
friendly友好的 likely可能的
(8)y表示“有……特性的，充满……的”
dusty积满灰尘的 wealthy富有的
(9)ing表示“具有……(特征)的”
interesting 有趣的
frightening 可怕的，吓人的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She was rescued from a ________ (burn) building.
②The ________ (profession) players were completely out of form during the match.
③His voice sounded ________ (threaten).
④All of these are ________ (impress) achievements.
⑤The ________ (month) charge is $40 for current cable subscribers and $60 for nonsubscribers.
⑥The player's ________ (disappoint) performance in the Olympics made her disappointed.
3.动词前后缀
[用法归纳]
(1)en
enrich使丰富 enlarge使扩大
(2)fy/ify
simplify简化 classify将……分类
(3)en
shorten缩短 widen加宽
(4)ize/ise
realize/realise实现 apologise道歉
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'd like to work abroad to ________ (broad) my horizons.
②I think in this way can we ________ (large) our eyes and widen our minds.
③It was only later that I ________ (realise) my mistake.

[词语积累]
①musical adj.音乐的
②genius/'dʒiːniəs/n.天才
③few pron.很少人
④symphony/'sɪmfəni/n.交响乐，交响曲
⑤minor/'maɪnə/adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的
⑥composer/kəm'pəʊzə/n.作曲家
⑦be regarded as...被视为；被看做
regard...as...把……看作；把……视为……
⑧in one's twenties在某人二十多岁时
“in one's＋基数词复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”
⑨be famous for因……而闻名
⑩piano/pi'ænəʊ/n.钢琴
⑪hearing n．听力，听觉
⑫give up放弃
⑬in the end最后
⑭struggle/'strʌɡəl/n.奋斗；vi.奋斗，拼搏
⑮deafness n．聋
deaf adj.聋的
⑯amazing adj.令人惊讶的，不可思议的
amazed adj.感到惊讶的
⑰piece n．音乐作品
⑱including prep.包括
⑲proceed/prə'siːd/vi.继续；进行
⑳composition n．作品；作文；创作
death n．死亡
work n．作品
complete vt.完成；adj.完全的；完善的
note/nəʊt/n.单音，音调，音符
add...to...把……添加到……
be added to...被添加到……上
score/skɔː/n.乐谱；比分；成绩
proudly adv.自豪地；骄傲地
proud adj.自豪的，骄傲的
bottom n．底部
imagine vt.想象
respond/rɪ'spɒnd/vi. &vt.回应，回复
response n．回应，回复
for the first time第一次(作状语)
performance n．表演；表现
perform vt.表演；履行，执行
backstage/ˌbæk'steɪdʒ/adj.后台的；(在)幕后(的)
atmosphere n．气氛；大气
tense/tens/adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
disaster n．灾难
after all毕竟，终究
conductor/kən'dʌktə/n.指挥
conduct v．指挥；实施
orchestra/'ɔːkəstrə/n.(大型的)管弦乐队
even if即使(＝even though)
hesitate/'hezɪteɪt/vi.犹豫；踌躇
not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
applaud v．鼓掌欢迎
director n．指挥；导演；主管
charge/tʃɑːdʒ/n.主管；负责
take charge of负责
wave vt.挥手；波动，起伏
wildly adv.狂热地；激动地
quietly adv.安静地
skillfully adv.巧妙地
guide vt.指导，引导
final adj.最后的
joyous/'dʒɔɪəs/adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
signal/'sɪɡnəl/vt.标志着；预示；n.标识
audience n．观众，听众
jump to one's feet跳起来
clap v．鼓掌
bury v．埋藏
be buried in专心于；葬于……
face vt.面对
realise vt.意识到
success n．成功的事物(此处是抽象名词具体化的用法)
as well也，还
broad/brɔːd/adj.宽阔的；广博的
a broad smile满面的笑容
have no idea不知道
compose/kəm'pəʊz/vt.
作(曲)；构成；写作
A MUSICAL GENIUS
EveryoneknowsthatLudwigvanBeethovenisamusical①genius② 【1】 butfew③mightknowhowhecreatedSymphony④No. 9 inDminor⑤ 【1】 andhowitsfirstshowwent 【1】．

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer⑥. He is regarded as⑦ one of the greatest composers in the history of music. In his twenties⑧， he had been very famous for⑨ his skills on the piano⑩， but then he began to lose his hearing⑪. Beethoven thought about giving up⑫， but in the end⑬ he continued to write music. Inspired by his struggles⑭ with deafness⑮ 【2】， the composer produced some amazing⑯ pieces⑰，including⑱ nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera 【3】！ He proceeded⑲ with the composition⑳ until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works 【4】， including his Symphony No. 9 in D minor 【5】．
【2】Inspired by...是过去分词短语作状语，inspire与逻辑主语the composer之间是被动关系。
【3】including...是介词短语作定语，修饰pieces。
【4】现在分词短语writing more than 130 musical works作状语，write与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系。
【5】including...是介词短语作定语，修饰works。
One day in February 1824, at his little house in Vienna, Austria, Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled. The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed. Writing the piece 【6】 had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score. At 54 years of age, he didn't know that this would be his last symphony. As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page 【7】， Beethoven tried to imaginehow people would respond 【8】 when they heard it for the first time 【9】．
【6】writing the piece为动名词短语作主语。
【7】As he proudly signed his name...是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。
【8】how people would respond是动词imagine的宾语从句。
【9】when they heard...是when引导的时间状语从句，when意为“当……的时候”。
Before the performance, the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense. Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster 【10】. After all, what use is a conductorwho could not hear his orchestra 【11】—even ifhe is a musical genius 【12】？
【10】that...disaster在形容词afraid后面，视为宾语从句。
【11】who could not hear...是定语从句，修饰先行词conductor，关系代词who在从句中作主语。
【12】even if意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years 【13】. The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took chargeof the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score 【14】. The whole time, Umlauf stood quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known 【15】．
【13】as the famous composer walked...是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。
【14】waving...and madly turning...是两个现在分词短语作伴随状语，wave，turn与逻辑主语Beethoven之间是主动关系。
【15】现在分词短语skillfully guiding...作伴随状语，guide与逻辑主语Umlauf之间是主动关系；the world had ever known是定语从句，修饰先行词music，省略了关系代词that。
As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats 【16】. But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score 【17】. It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success 【18】．
【16】现在分词短语clapping，cheering and waving...作伴随状语，clap，cheer，wave与逻辑主语the audience之间是主动关系。
【17】his head buried in the score是“名词＋过去分词短语”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语，bury与his head之间是被动关系。
【18】It was not until...that...是强调句型，强调了not until引导的时间状语从句。his symphony was a success是宾语从句，省略了引导词that。
Later, Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise 【19】. “The audience was shocked as well，” she said with a broad smile. “Most of them had no ideathat he was deaf 【20】！ The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would 【21】—was the very man who composed it 【22】．”
【19】that...a surprise是宾语从句，作动词remembered的宾语；who got a surprise是定语从句，修饰先行词one，关系代词who作从句的主语。
【20】that he was deaf是同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，引导词that不可省略。
【21】who didn't hear...是定语从句，修饰先行词person。
【22】who composed it是定语从句，修饰man。

音乐天才
每个人都知道路德维希·凡·贝多芬是一个音乐天才(genius)，但或许很少有人知道D小调(minor)第九交响曲(symphony)的创作过程以及这部交响曲首演的故事。
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家(composer)。他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。二十多岁时，他就以高超的钢琴(piano)技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。贝多芬想过放弃，但最后还是继续音乐创作。这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争( struggle)中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！直到1827年去世前，贝多芬才停止创作。他一共写了130多部音乐作品，其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
1824年2月的一天，在奥地利维也纳的小房子里，路德维希·凡·贝多芬安稳地坐在椅子上笑了起来。这位著名的德国作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。创作这部交响曲花了他几年的时间，现在乐谱(score)中最后的音符(note)终于写完了。这时贝多芬54岁，他并不知道这将是他的最后一部交响曲。贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署上名字时，努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应(respond)。
在维也纳一个非常著名的剧院，演出前，后台的(backstage)气氛非常紧张(tense)。贝多芬担心这场演出将会是一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队(orchestra)的指挥(conductor)，即使他是一个音乐天才，能有什么用呢？
当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫(hesitate)地热烈鼓掌。剧院的音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。在一个多小时的时间里，贝多芬在乐队前跳跃着，在空中忘情地挥舞着手臂，疯狂地翻乐谱。而奥姆洛夫一直静静地站在他身边，巧妙地指挥管弦乐队演奏这首世界上最神奇的音乐作品。
最后，交响乐在欢快的(joyous)音符中结束，观众都跳了起来，鼓掌、欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。但是贝多芬还埋头在乐谱里继续指挥。直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂让他转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
后来，卡洛琳回忆到不仅贝多芬感到惊讶。“观众也感到震惊，”她灿烂地(broad)笑着说道。“大多数人不知道他已经失聪！剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是它的创作(compose)者。”

(一)
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．被添加到…… ________________
2．在……的底部 ________________
3．第一次 ________________
4．毕竟 ________________
5．尽管，即使 ________________
6．毫不犹豫做某事 ________________
7．负责 ________________
8．在……前面 ________________
9．也；还 ________________
10．带着满面的笑容 ________________
11．被认为是…… ________________
12．在某人二十多岁的时候 ________________
13．放弃 ________________
14．最后 ________________
15．继续做某事 ________________
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子
1．毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥，即使他是音乐天才，又能有什么用呢？
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2．当这位著名的作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众们毫不犹豫地热烈鼓起掌来。
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3．剧院的音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫(Michael Umlauf)也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
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4．直到其中一位歌手卡罗琳·昂格尔(Caroline Unger)拉着他的手臂转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
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5．他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
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6．这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
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7．创作这部交响曲花了他几年的时间，现在乐谱中最后一个音符终于写完。
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8．他自豪地在页面底部署上名字，同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
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Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题
1．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)As far as I know, she never gave up and struggled ________ (lead) an active life.
(2)At present, China has to struggle ________ all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
(3)It can be ________ struggle for the majority of people to get where they want to be.
(4)工人们正在努力争取一个干净的食堂和健康的食物。
Workers are ________________ a clean canteen and healthy food.
(5)他挣扎着从椅子上站了起来。
He ________________________ from the chair.
(6)她竭力控制住自己的感情。
She controlled her feelings ________________．
2．用contain/include的适当形式填空
(1)Try to avoid foods which ________ a lot of fat.
(2)You should ________ fruits and vegetables in your diet.
(3)We should respect the old and love the young, ________ our parents and teachers.
(4)There are 60 students in our class, 35 boys and 25 girls ________.
3．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond ________ it.
(2)He responded ________ the warmest hug I had ever received.
(3)The brain will respond ________ beginning to change your mood accordingly.
(4)为了回应观众的巨大需求，这出戏将在剧院每周上演两次。
________________ the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
(5)还没有人对我们的投诉作出回应。
No one has yet made ________________ our complaints.
4．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates ________ help others.
(2)She hesitated ________ the choice between the two refrigerators.
(3)He ran into the burning house to save the employee without ________ (hesitate).
(4)如果你犹豫并且没有目标，那只会愈加艰难。
It's even harder if you ________________ do things and don't even have a goal.
(5)我毫不犹豫地推荐他，并相信无论投身哪个领域，他都能够胜任。
I would ________________________________ recommending him, and I am sure that he will do well in whatever field he applies himself to.
5．单句语法填空/完成句子/句式转换
(1)The restaurant charged us $40 ________ the wine.
(2)负责这个公司的那个人被指控吸毒。
The man who had __________________ the company was ________________ taking drugs.
(3)向导告诉我们维尔尼斯中心提供免费的服务。
The guide tells us that the Wellness Centre offers services ________________．
(4)老板不在时，汤姆负责这家公司。
→Tom ________________ the company while the boss is away.
→The company is ________________ Tom while the boss is away.
→Tom is ________________ the company while the boss is away.
6．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)This announcement ________ (signal) a clear change of policy.
(2)Drivers who give ________ (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.
(3)通货膨胀率的上升清楚地表明，政府的政策不起作用。
The rise in inflation is ________________ that the government's policies are not working.
(4)在交通信号转换到绿灯以前不要穿过马路。
Before the ________________ turns to green light, please don't cross the street.
7．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)This is the first time that he ________ (draft) a plan for the new company.
(2)It was the first time that I ________ (speak) in public.
(3)It's high time that we ________ (take) measures to protect the environment.
(4)It was the first time ________ me ________ go out at night, because my parents never let me do that before.
(5)当他第一次上课时，他对这位年轻教师的课产生了兴趣。
He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class ________________．
(6)我第一次考试不及格时，他安慰了我。
He comforted me ________________ I failed in the exam.
8．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)It is our parents ________ we can always depend on when we're in trouble.
(2)It is the people ________ obey the traffic rules ________ matter in reducing traffic accidents.
(3)________ your efforts, not your intelligence ________ determine your success.
(4)是因为生病他才不能来吗？
________________ he is ill that he can't come?
(5)他为什么不能来？
________________ he can't come?
(6)直到八点钟，他才意识到自己一整天都在上网。
________________ 8 o'clock ________ he realised he had spent the whole day on the Internet.
(7)直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。
________________ my son had entered the university ________________ he realised the importance of time.
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
Beethoven is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. In 1.________ (he) twenties, he began to lose his hearing, but he continued to write music. Inspired by his 2.________ (struggle) with deafness, he produced more than 130 3.________ (amaze) music works, including his Symphony No. 9 D minor.
In February 1824, he added the final notes to the score. The famous 4.________ (nine) symphony was completed. He signed his name 5.________ (proud) and imagined how people would respond when they heard it 6.________ the first time.
Before the performance, the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienne was tense. As he walked out onto the stage, the audience did not hesitate 7.________ (applaud) loudly. The theatre's musical director joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
At last, the audience 8.________ (shock). It was not until one of the singers turned him to face the audience 9.________ the great man realised his symphony was 10.________ success.
(二)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)
1．[江西卷]It was with sincerity and ________ (faithful) that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
2．[浙江卷]She was so ________ (joy) that even on the worst days, she could make me smile.
3．[重庆卷]According to Paragraph 3, which of the following ________ (courage) customers to buy?
4．[2018·全国Ⅰ卷]To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the ________ (environment) costs for each product throughout its life...
5．[2019·北京卷]They are extremely important in the safe and ________ (effect) running of our programmes.
6．[湖南卷]I met all the usual people: street ________ (perform), the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony.
7．[2017·全国Ⅱ卷]Visiting this ________ (exhibit), we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.
8．[2018·北京卷]He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson posted about the act of ________ (kind) on Facebook.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e．g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1.________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2.________ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3.________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum 4.________ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5.________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 6.________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7.________ (they) living at a different time in history or 8.________ (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 9.________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 10.________ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
B
My wife and I like watching plays, so we will go to the theatre whenever we have time. But before we buy tickets, we would like to know if the play is good or bad. When a new play comes, we 1.________ (usual) read the newspaper to get information about it. Last week a new play was put on at the theatre. The newspaper said it was very 2.________ (interest), so we decided to go on Saturday night. My wife took a long time to make her 3.________ (decide) about what to wear and we left our house a little late. 4.________ the time we got to the theatre, the first act had already 5.________ (begin). After the play was over, we met some friends, 6.________ lived next to us several years ago. Then we went dancing. By the time we got home, it was about two o'clock in the morning. I'm not used to 7.________ (stay) out so late and I was 8.________ (extreme) tired.
When I was younger, I did not have the money to go out for 9.________ evening like this. Though I can afford it now, I don't have the energy 10.________ (enjoy) it.

Part Ⅴ　Lesson 3　A Musical Genius
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．respond　2.backstage　3.tense　4.conductor　5.hesitate　6.charge　7.joyous　8.signal　9.broad　10.compose　11.genius　12.composer　13.piano　14.struggle　15.proceed
Ⅱ.
1．genius　2.proceed　3.conductor　4.tense　5.broad　6.struggle
7．respond　8.hesitate　9.charge　10.signaled/signalled
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①minors　②minority　③Minor errors　④made some minor changes　⑤a small minority of students
2．①to support　②a　③with/against　④struggling　⑤struggling/fighting for　⑥struggling to his feet
3．①of　②notes　③compared notes　④noted down
4．①to　②to　③to respond　④response　⑤responded immediately to　⑥respond to　⑦responded that
5．①to tell　②hesitated　③hesitation　④didn't hesitate to　⑤without hesitation
6．①of　②for　③with　④take charge of　⑤in the charge of　⑥free of charge　⑦charge　with　⑧charge　for　⑨charged with
7．①that　②to remove　③signalled to the children to come
8．①broaden　②broad smile　③broad shoulders　④broaden our horizons
9．①composed　②composer　③is composed　④compose songs　⑤is composed of
10．①to　②talking/to talk　③with
11．①with　②to explain　③proceeded slowly　④proceed to
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①regards　②as　③is regarded as　④As regards　⑤regardless of
2．①to　②addition　③that　④been added to　⑤added up　⑥add up to　⑦In addition to　⑧adds to
3．①for　②on　③in　④At　⑤on time　⑥From time to time
►第三版块：重点句式
1．①who/that　②that　③It　④that　⑤It was my grandpa that/who　⑥It was in the street that　⑦It was yesterday that
2．①compared　②walking　③surprised　④When necessary
⑤While carrying out a survey
►第四版块：单元语法
1．①admission　②reactions　③kindness　④actors　⑤advertisements　⑥performance　⑦admiration　⑧performer
2．①burning　②professional　③threatening　④impressive　⑤monthly　⑥disappointing
3．①broaden　②enlarge　③realised
夯实基础·一遍落实
(一)
Ⅰ.
1．be added to　2.at the bottom of　3.for the first time　4.after all　5.even if　6.don't hesitate to do sth.　7.take charge of　8.in front of　9.as well　10.with a broad smile　11.be regarded as　12.in one's twenties　13.give up　14.in the end　15.continue to do sth.
Ⅱ.
1．After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius?
2．The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
3．The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
4．It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
5．He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
6．Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera!
7．Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.
8．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
Ⅲ.
1．(1)to lead　(2)against/with　(3)a　(4)struggling for
(5)struggled to his feet　(6)with a struggle
2．(1)contain　(2)include　(3)including　(4)included
3．(1)to　(2)with　(3)by　(4)In response to　(5)a response to
4．(1)to　(2)over/about　(3)hesitation　(4)hesitate to
(5)have no hesitation in
5．(1)for　(2)taken charge of　charged with　(3)free of charge/for free　(4)takes charge of　in the charge of　in charge of
6．(1)signal(l)ed　(2)signals　(3)a clear signal　(4)traffic signal
7．(1)has drafted　(2)had spoken　(3)took/should take
(4)for　to　(5)for the first time　(6)the first time
8．(1)that/who　(2)who　that　(3)It is　that　(4)Is it because　(5)Why is it that　(6)It was not until　that　(7)It was not until　that
Ⅳ.
1．his　2.struggles　3.amazing　4.ninth　5.proudly　6.for　7.to applaud　8.was shocked　9.that　10.a
(二)
Ⅰ.
1．答案与解析：faithfulness　faithfulness意为“忠诚”。句意：正是凭着真诚和忠诚，我们创造了一个和谐的氛围。
2．答案与解析：joyous　joyous意为“欢乐的”。句意：她是如此快乐，即使在最糟糕的日子里，她也能让我微笑。
3．答案与解析：encourages　encourage意为“鼓励”。句意：根据第三段，以下哪项鼓励顾客购买？
4．答案与解析：environmental　environmental意为“环境的”。句意：为了弄清这些设备使用了多少能源，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事跟踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期中的环境成本……
5．答案与解析：effective　effective意为“有效的”。句意：他们在安全有效地运行我们的项目方面极其重要。
6．答案与解析：performers　performer意为“表演者”。句意：我遇到了所有的普通人：街头艺人、鸽子人以及一群和声歌唱的吉他手。
7．答案与解析：exhibition　exhibition意为“展览(会)”。句意：参观这个展览，我们不仅可以欣赏到民间艺术作品，还可以学到很多东西。
8．答案与解析：kindness　kindness意为“友善”。句意：安德森先生在Facebook上发布了这一善举后，他也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞扬。
Ⅱ.
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与社会，主题语境内容为文化遗产。本文介绍了博物馆藏品的由来、藏品的展览方式以及博物馆给人们提供的各种体验。本文旨在拓宽学生的知识层面，让学生了解更多的外界事物。
1．答案与解析：wealthy　考查形容词。句意：在18世纪和19世纪，富裕的人们旅游的同时也收集植物、有历史意义的东西和艺术品。设空处作people的定语，此处用形容词作定语，故填wealthy。
2．答案与解析：or　考查连词。他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品变得太大或者他们去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据句意可知，设空处前后两个时间状语从句为选择关系，故用or。
3．答案与解析：formed　考查动词时态。句意：例如，Hans Sloane爵士收集的八万件藏品成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于1759年开放。设空处的动词作谓语，根据语境可知应使用一般过去时态，主语objects与动词form之间为主动关系，故填formed。
4．答案与解析：which/that　考查定语从句。设空处为引导定语从句的关系词，先行词是the British Museum，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The__British__Museum__opened in 1759，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。
5．答案与解析：are called　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为展览馆或展览室。设空处的动词作谓语，因为陈述客观事实，所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语the parts of a museum和动词call之间为被动关系且表示复数概念，故填are called。
6．答案与解析：is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：通常，只有一小部分博物馆的藏品被展出。设空处的动词作谓语，因为陈述客观事实，所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语为单数概念，故填is。
7．答案与解析：themselves　考查代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客(还)可以玩电脑模拟(游戏)，想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期或漫步在热带雨林中。设空处作imagine的宾语，当主语visitors和宾语是同一群人时，要用反身代词作动词imagine的宾语。故填themselves。
8．答案与解析：walking　考查非谓语动词。设空处与前面的living是并列结构。故填walking。
9．答案与解析：accuracy　考查名词。句意：历史的准确性很重要但是娱乐也很重要。设空处在句中作主语，故填accuracy。
10．答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：为了(获取)人们的闲暇时间和金钱，博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动展开竞争。compete for意为“竞争；对抗”。故填for。
B
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文，主题语境是人与自我，主题内容是关于生活的反思。作者和妻子外出欣赏一部有趣的戏剧，结束时遇见了老朋友，然后又一起去跳舞，感到体力不支，从而引发作者反思生活……
1．答案与解析：usually　考查副词。副词通常作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子；形容词通常作定语修饰名词或代词。句中使用副词修饰谓语动词read，故填usually。
2．答案与解析：interesting　考查形容词。句意：报纸上说这部新戏剧很有趣，所以我们决定周六晚上去看。句中应用形容词作表语。故填interesting。
3．答案与解析：decision　考查名词。句意：妻子用了很长时间来决定穿什么衣服，所以我们出发有点晚了。形容词性物主代词her的后面要接名词作动词make的宾语，故填动词decide的名词形式decision。
4．答案与解析：By　考查介词。句意：当我们到达剧院的时候，第一幕已经开始了。介词by意为“到……时为止”，故填By。
5．答案与解析：begun　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，主句使用完成时态，故填过去分词begun。
6．答案与解析：who　考查定语从句。此句先行词friends指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
7．答案与解析：staying　考查固定搭配。句意：我不习惯熬夜这么晚，所以我非常累。固定搭配be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，其中动名词(短语)作介词to的宾语，故填staying。
8．答案与解析：extremely　此处副词修饰形容词tired，故填extremely。
9．答案与解析：an　考查不定冠词。句意：当我年轻的时候，我没有钱去度过一个这样的夜晚。不定冠词an修饰单数可数名词evening, evening的读音以元音音素开头，表示泛指，故填an。
10．答案与解析：to enjoy　考查不定式。句意：我现在尽管能够承担得起，但没有精力去享受这样的夜晚了。句中不定式短语to enjoy it作定语修饰名词the energy。故填to enjoy。